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The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of innovative approaches to cereal cultivation in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The study used the latest plant varieties, efficient irrigation systems and biological products to increase crop yields and resilience. The wheat varieties used were Stepova 1 and Dniprovska 1, as well as Pivdennyi 1 barley, which are highly resistant to drought and high temperatures. Drip and sub-surface irrigation systems were used, as well as bio-fertilisers and organic composts to improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. The main results of the study showed that wheat yields in the experimental groups reached 5.2-5.7 tonnes/ha, which is 1.8-1.9 tonnes/ha more than in the control groups. Water consumption in the experimental groups was reduced by 35-40%, and the cost of plant protection products by 45-50%. The protein content of wheat in the experimental groups was 14-15% and the fibre content was 30-32%, while in the control groups it was 11-12% and 25-27%, respectively. Soil analysis in the experimental groups showed higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which indicates the effectiveness of biofertilisers. In addition, the use of biological products helped to reduce the chemical load on the environment. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in productivity, reduced resource use and improved environmental sustainability with the introduction of innovative methods of growing crops in this region, which is important for ensuring food security and economic development in Ukraine

The study's objective was to evaluate the efficacy of biological substances in enhancing the growth, development, and productivity of high-oleic sunflower hybrids, aiming to increase seed yields and improve oil quality. An investigation was carried out in the Mykolaiv region throughout 2021-2023 to assess the efficacy of seven different foliar feeding methods in producing five high-oleic sunflower hybrids. The findings indicated that the application of foliar feeding had a beneficial impact on the measured variables, such as plant height, leaf area, seed count per boll, seed yield, and oil and oleic acid concentration in seeds. In particular, the P64HE133 hybrid demonstrated the highest average yield of 3.89 t/ha, followed by Columbi with 3.69 t/ha, with no statistically significant difference between them. Foliar application of Organic-Balance helped to increase the average seed yield to 3.58 t/ha, exceeding the results of other types of spraying. The use of biological products contributed to an increase in yield by 0.21-0.4 t/ha compared to control, as well as an increase in oil content by 0.6-2.1-5.3%. The overall impact of the combination of hybrid and foliar feeding methods on yield was the largest, amounting to 63.5%, where the impact of hybrid selection was 27.4%, foliar feeding – was 5.4%, and other factors had an impact of 3.7%. The findings suggest that the use of foliar feeding can significantly enhance productivity and enhance the quality attributes of sunflower seeds. The utilisation of these biological substances not only enhances seed production and oil content but also promotes more sustainable and robust plant development. Accordingly, the integration of such methods into agronomic practices can significantly improve crop productivity and increase the economic benefits of growing high-yielding sunflower hybrids

The study aimed to validate the necessity of formulating and executing plans for incorporating the concepts of the circular economy into Ukraine's agriculture sector, while considering the impacts of globalisation and problems arising from the war. This study examined the fundamental principles and intellectual underpinnings that differentiate the circular economy from the conventional economic model. The undamental concept of the circular economy in the agricultural sector was justified, and the primary benefits of implementing this economic model in the field of agriculture were established. The European Commission has approved the strategy for the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2023-2027. This strategy emphasises the primary responsibilities that EU member states must undertake to implement the principles of the circular economy in agriculture. The primary patterns in the operation of agriculture in Ukraine are recognised, and the significance of the agricultural sector in the framework of gross domestic product (GDP) formation and foreign exchange profits is established. The destruction of infrastructure, mining activities, and occupation of regions resulted in a decline in the cultivated land and animals, leading to a loss in physical productivity. Due to the war, there has been a decline in production and logistics capabilities, resulting in a large fall in the export of agricultural products. Consequently, the profitability of firms in this sector of the Ukrainian economy has also decreased. Ukrainian agricultural firms lack the financial resources to independently support creative development, which includes the implementation of new technology solutions that form the foundation of the circular economy. Considering the effects of globalisation and military conflict, it is justified that prioritising innovation and investment support, particularly by the State, should be a strategic direction for implementing the principles of the circular economy of agriculture in Ukraine. This approach will enhance economic efficiency and create new opportunities

The development and implementation of energy-saving technologies for growing sunflower hybrids is a relevant area of research to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and environmental protection. The study aimed to analyse the impact of different tillage methods on sunflower yields in southern Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted in the fields of the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University in 2021-2023. The study determined that the method of soil cultivation has a significant impact on its density, moisture reserves and structural stability. Reducing the intensity of cultivation, especially when using no-till, preserves moisture in the soil more effectively, but increases its density. With no-till, before sowing sunflower, it was 1.11 g/cm³ at a depth of 0-10 cm and 1.21 g/cm³ before harvesting, while with conventional tillage, the soil density was 1.02 g/cm³ and 1.1 g/cm³, respectively. In addition, no-till tillage provided the best sunflower productivity indicators, including 1000-seed weight (47.3 g), basket diameter (20.2 cm) and yield (2.6 t/ha). No-till cultivation also improves the quality of the sunflower crop, increasing the content of oleic acid (86.5%) and crude fat in the seeds (48.3%). The obtained results contribute to the development of integrated approaches to the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids in southern Ukraine, which will increase production efficiency and reduce production costs

Russia’s attack on Ukraine has caused widespread contamination of agricultural land, which is now an urgent environmental problem that is important for human health and sustainable development. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of military operations in Ukraine on agricultural land. To fulfil this purpose, a study was conducted at the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, which included data collection and analysis in different regions of Ukraine, including Dnipro, Mykolaiv, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts. It was found that in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, soil contamination with lead exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by 3 times and fluoride by 1.5 times; in Mykolaiv Oblast, the concentration of lead exceeds the MPC by 5 times, the content of zinc, copper, fluoride, and oil products by a quarter; and in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, the concentration of lead exceeds the MPC by 11.17 times, the content of zinc and fluoride is increased by half, petroleum products – by 35%, and phosphates – by 30%. Furthermore, the study confirmed the impact of military operations on the physical and chemical properties of soils, specifically, an increase in the acidity of the soil environment (pH) and the density of the topsoil. To reduce the impact of war on soil and the ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor and assess the effects of military operations, develop and implement environmentally friendly technologies, and restore and rehabilitate the affected areas. The findings of this study can be used to prepare recommendations for the authorities to minimise the environmental impact of military operations on soils

The cultivation of legumes in Ukraine is key for agriculture and the economy, as they are strategic crops for food security, export potential and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The study aimed to examine the current state of legume cultivation in Ukraine and identify the main aspects that determine their production. Gross harvest, yields, planted areas, export dynamics and prices of such legumes as soybeans, chickpeas, beans and peas for 2015-2023 were analysed to address the set aim. The results of the study showed the stability and potential growth of legume production in Ukraine. Despite changes in the level of soybean exports, production and processing from year to year, there is a general upward trend. In 2023, soybean exports reached a record high of 3.6 million tonnes, a significant increase from the lowest level in 2021, when only 1.4 million tonnes were exported. As for peas, chickpeas and beans, their production in Ukraine reflected fluctuating trends. Pea production peaked in 2018 at 755 thousand tonnes, chickpea production reached its highest level in 2021 (93.4 thousand tonnes), and beans in 2020 (65 thousand tonnes). In the period from 2021 to 2023, prices for legumes in Ukraine showed steady growth, with chickpeas at 21.6 thousand UAH/t, beans at 33-35 thousand UAH/t, and peas at 8.1 thousand UAH/t. The price dynamics of soybeans also showed an increase to the level of 17.2-17.4 thousand UAH/t. The strategic directions identified in the study point to the need to invest in research, technological progress and infrastructure to ensure sustainability in legume production

Research on the development of sustainable and productive methods of corn cultivation is becoming relevant due to the growing demand for food resources and the need to optimise agrotechnical processes. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of maize cultivation under different tillage methods. A field experiment was conducted to achieve this goal, phenological observations of corn plant development was made, and grain quality was studied. The results of the maize yield analysis show that ploughing to a depth of 30 cm produces the highest maize yield of 91.6 c/ha while disking to a depth of 15 cm results in the lowest yield of 80.6 c/ha. The study proved that the method of tillage affects grain quality indicators, in particular, the content of crude fibre, starch, protein and crude fat. Thus, when ploughing to a depth of 30 cm, the starch content in the grain was 70.9%, crude fibre – 2.12%, protein – 10.2%, and crude fat – 4.225%. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) for tillage is about 0.9, which means that the model accurately describes the available data, and for grain quality indicators, R2 is in the range of 0.66-0.99, which also indicates a strong relationship between the factors under study. The practical significance of the research results is that they can serve as a basis for optimising the agronomic processes of maize cultivation to increase yields and improve grain quality

Agroecological substantiation of cereal crops cultivation technologies becomes especially relevant in conditions of insufficient moisture, as it requires sustainable and efficient agro-production systems that ensure high yields and preserve natural resources. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of nitrogen fertilisation on the growth and development of winter wheat in an arid climate. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted at the fields of the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University to study mineral nutrition and the impact of different nitrogen rates on the structure and quality of winter wheat grain yield. The study found that increasing nitrogen fertiliser rates has a positive impact on crop growth and yield. The application of higher nitrogen rates, in particular N60 and N80 in spring fertilisation, increases plant height by 3.8 and 4.6 cm, respectively, compared to N30. In addition, a double increase in nitrogen fertiliser rates resulted in a 3.5% increase in the number of productive stems and a 13.6% increase in the weight of 1,000 seeds. Mineral fertilisers also had a significant impact on winter wheat yields, with Р30К30+N60 and Р30К30+N80 yielding 51.8 and 49.3 c/ha, respectively. The results of laboratory studies confirmed that nitrogen fertilizers in an increased amount lead to a decrease in the starch content in winter wheat grains, while simultaneously increasing the protein content. Correlation analysis showed a tendency to increase the yield of winter wheat with higher application of nitrogen fertilizers, however, in order to avoid deterioration of the quality of crop products, it is important to follow the recommendations. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in optimizing the cultivation of grain crops, as well as increasing their yield in conditions of limited water resources and the threat of drought

Sugar beet is one of the crops with high industrial significance, the reduction of the area of its crops in Ukraine in recent years actualizes the development of technologies for increasing yield and technological indicators of the crop. The research aims to study different regimes of applying mineral fertilizers on productivity, and the content of soluble sugars and proteins in sugar beet. The field study was conducted in the period of April-September 2023. The pre-sowing treatment was carried out using a hybrid of the productive and sugary direction Oleksandria employing deep ploughing up to 30 cm deep, the seeding density was 100 thousand/ha. The fertilization scheme provided for the introduction of a combination of complex fertilizers in one of two concentrations: N180P150K200 or N250P200K280 and a growth stimulator based on amino acids and trace elements Quantum. The application was carried out separately or in combination, the frequency of fertilization was one or two times. It has been demonstrated that the most pronounced positive effect on the increase in biomass and sugar content of beets is caused by the combined application of mineral macro fertilizers with the drug Quantum. In the case of the combined application option, the increase in the biomass of the root crop compared to the control was 120.8±8.5%-143.0±14.3%; the increase in the content of soluble sugars – in the range from 4.23±0.6% to 5.3±0.45%. An increase was also observed in comparison with the variants of separate applications of fertilizers. There was no significant difference between the two applied fertilizer concentrations, as well as when individual fertilizers and their combinations were re-applied. The content of proteins in terms of dry weight increased depending on the concentration and frequency of application of complex fertilizers. The obtained data on the increase in biomass of sugar content indicate the expediency of increasing these indicators is the use of a combination of mineral fertilizers containing macro- and microelements, so it is advisable to recommend a similar mode of fertilization. The data can become the basis for the development of recommendations for implementation in the industrial cultivation of sugar beet. Such techniques are economically feasible, as they allow for a reduction in the number of treatments and the consumption of fertilizer to obtain a harvest with high indicators

The research relevance is predefined by the need to optimise fruit crop cultivation systems considering weather conditions. The research aims to test the grafting technology of intensive sweet cherry plantations on small and medium-sized rootstocks. The leading method in achieving the research goal was a field experiment. The main results of this study are as follows: the leading technologies for increasing the yield of sweet cherry varieties depending on the impact of environmental stress factors are presented; the use of clone rootstock technology in sweet cherry plantations in temperate climates is substantiated. According to a set of indicators of productivity formation, the yield of plantations of different designs was predicted. Namely, the scheme of variety-rootstock combinations of intercalary placement, its length, and parameters of the growth complex for plants were revealed; indicators of physiological activity, growth, productivity, fruit quality, and economic efficiency in intensive sweet cherry plantations were determined. It has been established that the application of this technology will increase yields and improve the quality parameters of sweet cherry fruits by developing varieties with compact crowns, which will allow to compact the plantations. It has been analysed that climatic conditions are the main factor in the process of harvest formation. A list of stress factors of temperate climate that affect the yield of sweet cherries has been identified. It is proved that the introduction of clonal rootstock technology is the most effective for growing intensive plantations of sweet cherries in a temperate climate. Practically, the research aims to determine and test a set of elements of physiological indicators of the potential yield of sweet cherry plantations of different designs, to introduce them into production and use them in further breeding

Agricultural producers use large quantities of mineral fertilisers and plant protection products, which leads to soil, seed and environmental pollution and reduces the profitability of production. Modern agriculture starts to shift its focus to biologisation, which includes the development and implementation of environmentally friendly alternative systems, the reduction of chemicals, the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies, use of biological plant protection products and bio-organic fertilisers. The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of biological technologies for growing maize in an environmentally friendly way using various organic fertilisers. The following methods were used to study the new corn growing technology: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and generalisation; field and laboratory; calculation – assessment of economic and bioenergy efficiency. To study the effect of organic fertilisers of different biological origins on the assessment of the humus state of typical chernozems, field experiments were conducted to assess the impact on corn grain yield in the Ukrainian Steppe. After the application of organic fertiliser, the limits of organic carbon content in humus were 3.2-3.5%, humic acid 1.9-2.2%, and fulvic acid 0.7-1.0%. In the experimental samples of maize grain, the content of crude protein ranged from 13.5 to 14.0%, crude fat from 2.4 to 2.7%, crude fibre from 2.1 to 2.4%, crude ash from 1.3 to 1.7%, and nitrogen-free extractives from 64.7 to 67.4%, moisture from 12.0 to 14.9%. The grain yield in the control variant was 9.7 t/ha, and in the experimental plots, it was 11.5-13.4 t/ha. The data obtained can help in the development of biologically based maize cultivation technology following the ecological gradient of cultivation and yield with optimisation of the studied agrotechnical methods

Winter wheat is one of the main food crops that ensures the national food security of Ukraine with general production and high-quality grain. The area of winter wheat sowing ranks first in Ukraine, and the production of high-quality grain is of particular relevance. In the technology of its cultivation, the selection of varieties is a decisive factor in increasing yield and improving the quality of grain. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather conditions and variety characteristics during the year on plant height, lodging resistance, and yield of winter wheat. This paper presents data on the results of the research of 20 varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Research-to-Practice Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2017 to 2022. During the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach, system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field and statistical method. The study also analysed the influence of variety characteristics and weather conditions in the years under study on the yield of soft winter wheat. It was established that the optimal plant height of winter wheat varieties ranged within 94.9-100.7 cm, at which the highest grain yield is formed, from 7.09 t/ha in the Staleva variety to 7.73 t/ha in the Duma Odeska variety. An increase in the height of the winter wheat varieties under study by 4.0-6.4% led to a decrease in yield from 4.5 to 20.9%. It was established that the awned varieties of soft winter wheat formed a higher grain yield, compared to the thornless forms, which had a higher plant height and less lodging resistance. The conducted studies confirmed that, on average, the resistance to lodging was higher in the thornless forms of winter wheat plants, which is 0.4 points higher than in the awned ones. The higher average grain yield of soft winter wheat was formed by varieties of spiny forms, which is 5.8% more than that of awned varieties. The obtained results will contribute to the wide application of the varieties of soft winter wheat under study for this soil and climate zone, which will further contribute to the increase in yield and gross grain harvests

Aim. To highlight the results of the research conducted in 2020 – 2021 aiming at studying the ffect of multi-depth and multifraction sowing of the hybrid corn seeds of the DMS Sticker mid-early maturity group on the yield when grown in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine and determine the economic efficiency of the approaches. Materials and methods. Winter wheat was a predecessor crop in the study. Tillage methods and related conditions are described in the article. Herbicides were used to protect against weeds. Sowing was carried out in the third decade of April at a soil temperature of +8 – 10 ºС. The experiment considered 2 factors, namely the depth of sowing seeds and the size of the seed fraction. The results obtained were processed using measurement, mathematical and statistical methods of research, as well as calculation and comparison approaches. Results and discussion. On average, depending on the factors studied, the height of the plants varied significantly, as a rule, the tallest plants were obtained from large seeds, which had the highest mass of 1000 seeds. Thus, in particular, on average over two years of research, the height of the plants was 250.4 cm when the weight of 1000 seeds was 255 g, and the seeds were wrapped by 4 – 5 cm; when the weight of 1000 seeds was 300 g, the height was 251.1 cm, while with the weight of 350 g it was 258.3 cm; with the wrapping depth of 7 – 8 cm the height was 252.1 cm, 255.8 and 268.5 cm, and with the wrapping depth of 10 – 11 cm it was 257.6 cm, 261.8 and 266.1 cm. Conclusions. The use of the large seed fraction provided an increase in the yield of the DMS Sticker corn hybrid by 1.09 – 1.79 t/ha compared to the use of the small seed fraction and was 8.70 t/ha. When using the large seed fraction and the wrapping depth of 10 – 11 cm, the cost of production was 56,550 UAH/ha. The cost price of 1 ton of production was the lowest and amounted to UAH 2,247.1, the conditional net profit was the highest – 37,000 UAH/ha, and the level of profitability was 189.3 %.

The introduction of new crops to agrophytocenoses, to which Crocus sativus belongs, should be preceded by research into their ecological safety and place in crop rotation. When harvesting raw materials for obtaining saffron, up to 90% of by-products remain, which during decomposition can have a negative effect on the soil and indirectly on the plants that are grown after saffron. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the allelopathic activity of water-soluble and volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flowers in the agroclimatic conditions of the Northern Black Sea region. The research was conducted in 2021 according to the generally accepted methodology, freshly picked flowers were used, from which individual elements were extracted, and flowers of different stages of flowering. The following research methods were used: field, laboratory, computational and statistical. The results of the research established that the water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts stimulate the energy of germination and inhibit the growth of one-day seedlings of Lactuca sativum. Water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers have a negative allelopathic effect. The index of allelopathic activity under the action of water-soluble secretions of flowers ranges from -0.26 for a flower with all parts to -0.01 for petals. The highest stimulating effect of volatile secretions on the growth of Lactuca sativum roots and the allelopathic activity index value is characteristic of the flower that has just bloomed and the stamens, and the lowest - for the pistils. The allelopathic activity of the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts is set at the level of 6.4 (pistil) and 28.8% (stamens). Substances that inhibit the germination of Lactuca sativum roots are found mainly in the stamens. It was determined that the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts reduce the energy of seed germination of the test plant. The practical value of the research is that the results of the research can be used when determining the place of the crop in crop rotation and the duration of its cultivation in one field

In this article, the authors are trying to compare and analyze the main peculiarities of legal regulation of the contract of towage at sea in such common law countries as Great Britain, USA and Canada, and some countries of the European Union (Germany, Lithuania, Poland). The first part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the influence of towing technology on its legal regulation. The authors consider different towing options with the main difference being towing guidelines. The article analyzes how the technological aspects of towing have influenced the development of various standard forms of towage contracts adopted in the international maritime sector. The second part of the study analyzes the connections, similarities and differences between towing and salvages. Salvages services are provided when the vessel is in such a dangerous situation that the master has no real choice but to accept salvages services so that the vessel or cargo is not lost. Towing services are provided when the vessel is safe, so the shipowner can choose to have the vessel repaired on site or conclude a towing contract to bring the vessel to a convenient port. The nature of towage and salvages services at sea also determines the difference between towage and salvages charges. Payment for towing services is carried out on the basis and under the terms of the towing contract. At the same time, given the surprising nature of salvages at sea, it is impossible to foresee in advance the amount of remuneration for salvages operations at sea, therefore, the amount of remuneration usually depends on the value of the salvaged property. The third part analyzes the contract of towage, the rights, and obligations of the parties, especially the legal regulation of carriage, some court decisions of common law countries and some of European Union countries, such as Germany, Lithuania, Poland. In Lithuania and Poland, a towage contract can be classified as consensual, paid, and bilateral. In some cases, a contract of towage may be considered as multilateral. Briefly comparing the Lithuanian and Polish legal regulation of towage relations, one can conclude that there are no special differences between them. At the same time, In German law a towage contract is not codified as a specific art of a contract. German law regulates that a towage contract (Germ. Schleppvertrag or Remorkvertrag) can be recognized either as a contract to produce a work (Germ. Werkvertrag), or as a contract for services (Germ. Dienstvertrag) or a contract of carriage (Germ. Frachtvertrag). In common law countries, a contract of towage is considered to be a service contract. Therefore, in accordance with the contract of towage, the owners of the tug undertake to provide a towing service themselves, during which they are the performer, the crew, and supply, at the same time. Therefore, they undertake to provide 1) an agreed or specified service, or 2) to achieve an agreed specific result, or 3) to provide services for an agreed or specified period of time in exchange for periodic or lump sum payments.

The autumn growth and development of plants depend on a complex of external factors: the average daily air temperature, the amount of precipitation, the humidity of the seed layer of the soil, nutrients, light, etc. If winter wheat is sown at a later date, there are risks that the plants will enter the winter not well developed. It is possible to accelerate the passage of interphase periods with the help of irrigation, which is a necessary agrotechnical measure in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of varietal characteristics, irrigation and weather conditions on the duration of interphase periods of winter wheat in the autumn period on an international scale. Experimental research was carried out during 2020-2021 on southern chernozem, on the basis of the Educational Scientific and Practical Center of the Mykolaiv NAU with two varieties of winter wheat. Field, laboratory and comparative calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. Soil moisture was determined by the thermogravimetric method, and phenophases were determined simultaneously throughout the experiment. It was determined that irrigation for 1-2 days reduces the duration of the interphase period of BBCH 00-09; for 3 days – BBCH 10-12; for 11 days – BBCH 13-19; for 5-7 days – BBCH 20-22. In natural conditions (without irrigation), the duration of the interphase periods (from BBCH 00-09 to 20-22) of the growth and development of plants of the studied varieties of winter wheat in 2020 was 93-96 days, which is 23-25 days more than in 2021. In plants of the Ovid variety under conditions of natural moisture (without irrigation), the interphase periods came 1-3 days later than in the Duma Odeska variety, while under irrigation conditions there was no significant difference. The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wider implementation of irrigation, which will ensure the rapid and full growth and development of winter wheat plants in the autumn period, which will further contribute to increasing the yield and gross harvest of grain

The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of innovative approaches to cereal cultivation in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The study used the latest plant varieties, efficient irrigation systems and biological products to increase crop yields and resilience. The wheat varieties used were Stepova 1 and Dniprovska 1, as well as Pivdennyi 1 barley, which are highly resistant to drought and high temperatures. Drip and sub-surface irrigation systems were used, as well as bio-fertilisers and organic composts to improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. The main results of the study showed that wheat yields in the experimental groups reached 5.2-5.7 tonnes/ha, which is 1.8-1.9 tonnes/ha more than in the control groups. Water consumption in the experimental groups was reduced by 35-40%, and the cost of plant protection products by 45-50%. The protein content of wheat in the experimental groups was 14-15% and the fibre content was 30-32%, while in the control groups it was 11-12% and 25-27%, respectively. Soil analysis in the experimental groups showed higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which indicates the effectiveness of biofertilisers. In addition, the use of biological products helped to reduce the chemical load on the environment. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in productivity, reduced resource use and improved environmental sustainability with the introduction of innovative methods of growing crops in this region, which is important for ensuring food security and economic development in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the state of production of pulses and their use in the Ukrainian market. To achieve this goal, the production, yields, sown areas, export dynamics, and structure of the use of pulses such as beans, soybeans, and peas in 2015-2023 were analysed. The study determined that the production of exports and consumption of pulses in Ukraine from 2015 to 2023 shows significant changes in the industry. Production and area under pulses declined significantly from 2015 to 2022 but began to recover in 2023. The dynamics of pulse yields in the period from 2015 to 2023 are marked by fluctuations. Pea yields ranged from 22.4 cwt/ha in 2015 to 31.3 cwt/ha in 2016, with a further decline to 18.2 cwt/ha in 2018, before recovering to 25.7 cwt/ha in 2023. Bean yields increased from 13.5 cwt/ha in 2015 to 16.3 cwt/ha in 2023, while soybean yields increased from 18.4 cwt/ha in 2015 to 25.8 cwt/ha in 2023. In addition, the structure of pulses used in 2015-2023 also changed: the share of consumption in the food industry decreased from 35 to 27%, while the share of livestock increased from 40 to 48%. The share of the industry remained stable at 25%. The results obtained indicate the need to develop and support the production of legumes in Ukraine, as well as to optimise the structure of their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's objective was to evaluate the efficacy of biological substances in enhancing the growth, development, and productivity of high-oleic sunflower hybrids, aiming to increase seed yields and improve oil quality. An investigation was carried out in the Mykolaiv region throughout 2021-2023 to assess the efficacy of seven different foliar feeding methods in producing five high-oleic sunflower hybrids. The findings indicated that the application of foliar feeding had a beneficial impact on the measured variables, such as plant height, leaf area, seed count per boll, seed yield, and oil and oleic acid concentration in seeds. In particular, the P64HE133 hybrid demonstrated the highest average yield of 3.89 t/ha, followed by Columbi with 3.69 t/ha, with no statistically significant difference between them. Foliar application of Organic-Balance helped to increase the average seed yield to 3.58 t/ha, exceeding the results of other types of spraying. The use of biological products contributed to an increase in yield by 0.21-0.4 t/ha compared to control, as well as an increase in oil content by 0.6-2.1-5.3%. The overall impact of the combination of hybrid and foliar feeding methods on yield was the largest, amounting to 63.5%, where the impact of hybrid selection was 27.4%, foliar feeding - was 5.4%, and other factors had an impact of 3.7%. The findings suggest that the use of foliar feeding can significantly enhance productivity and enhance the quality attributes of sunflower seeds. The utilisation of these biological substances not only enhances seed production and oil content but also promotes more sustainable and robust plant development. Accordingly, the integration of such methods into agronomic practices can significantly improve crop productivity and increase the economic benefits of growing high-yielding sunflower hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to validate the necessity of formulating and executing plans for incorporating the concepts of the circular economy into Ukraine's agriculture sector, while considering the impacts of globalisation and problems arising from the war. This study examined the fundamental principles and intellectual underpinnings that differentiate the circular economy from the conventional economic model. The fundamental concept of the circular economy in the agricultural sector was justified, and the primary benefits of implementing this economic model in the field of agriculture were established. The European Commission has approved the strategy for the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2023-2027. This strategy emphasises the primary responsibilities that EU member states must undertake to implement the principles of the circular economy in agriculture. The primary patterns in the operation of agriculture in Ukraine are recognised, and the significance of the agricultural sector in the framework of gross domestic product (GDP) formation and foreign exchange profits is established. The destruction of infrastructure, mining activities, and occupation of regions resulted in a decline in the cultivated land and animals, leading to a loss in physical productivity. Due to the war, there has been a decline in production and logistics capabilities, resulting in a large fall in the export of agricultural products. Consequently, the profitability of firms in this sector of the Ukrainian economy has also decreased. Ukrainian agricultural firms lack the financial resources to independently support creative development, which includes the implementation of new technology solutions that form the foundation of the circular economy. Considering the effects of globalisation and military conflict, it is justified that prioritising innovation and investment support, particularly by the State, should be a strategic direction for implementing the principles of the circular economy of agriculture in Ukraine. This approach will enhance economic efficiency and create new opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and implementation of energy-saving technologies for growing sunflower hybrids is a relevant area of research to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and environmental protection. The study aimed to analyse the impact of different tillage methods on sunflower yields in southern Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted in the fields of the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University in 2021-2023. The study determined that the method of soil cultivation has a significant impact on its density, moisture reserves and structural stability. Reducing the intensity of cultivation, especially when using no-till, preserves moisture in the soil more effectively, but increases its density. With no-till, before sowing sunflower, it was 1.11 g/cm³ at a depth of 0-10 cm and 1.21 g/cm³ before harvesting, while with conventional tillage, the soil density was 1.02 g/cm³ and 1.1 g/cm³, respectively. In addition, no-till tillage provided the best sunflower productivity indicators, including 1000-seed weight (47.3 g), basket diameter (20.2 cm) and yield (2.6 t/ha). No-till cultivation also improves the quality of the sunflower crop, increasing the content of oleic acid (86.5%) and crude fat in the seeds (48.3%). The obtained results contribute to the development of integrated approaches to the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids in southern Ukraine, which will increase production efficiency and reduce production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of resource-efficient technology in contemporary agricultural production enhances the productivity and efficiency of sunflower farming while mitigating environmental harm. The research aimed to examine the impact of various tillage techniques on sunflower farming in southern Ukraine. A field study was undertaken from 2021 to 2023 at the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University to achieve this objective. The research established that traditional tillage yields the lowest density of the topsoil (0-10 cm), signifying good soil aeration. At the same time, no-till cultivation is characterised by the highest soil density, but it helps to increase the reserves of productive moisture at all depths. Before sunflower harvesting, the no-till moisture content was 134 mm in the 0-100 cm layer, which is 26 mm more than in conventional tillage. The study showed that plant height and vegetative mass growth of sunflowers were higher than no-till in all growth stages. In the phase of two pairs of true leaves, the height of the plants under no-till was 16.8 cm, and during flowering - 176.2 cm. The growth of vegetative mass in the phase of two pairs of true leaves under no-till reached 135 g/m2 and in the phase of seed formation - 1,380 g/m2. The leaf area index under no-till was the highest in all phases of sunflower growth, in the flowering phase it was 4.8 m2/m2, which is 10% higher than under conventional tillage (4.2). The chlorophyll content was also the highest under no-till and in the flowering phase at 46 (SPAD units). In addition, the sunflower yield under conventional tillage was 3.56 t/ha, under minimum tillage - 3.85 t/ha, and no-till was the highest at 3.95 t/ha. The practical value of the study is to provide scientifically based recommendations for agricultural enterprises on the choice of the optimal method of soil cultivation, which can increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian sunflowers on the world market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's attack on Ukraine has caused widespread contamination of agricultural land, which is now an urgent environmental problem that is important for human health and sustainable development. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of military operations in Ukraine on agricultural land. To fulfil this purpose, a study was conducted at the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, which included data collection and analysis in different regions of Ukraine, including Dnipro, Mykolaiv, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts. It was found that in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, soil contamination with lead exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by 3 times and fluoride by 1.5 times; in Mykolaiv Oblast, the concentration of lead exceeds the MPC by 5 times, the content of zinc, copper, fluoride, and oil products by a quarter; and in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, the concentration of lead exceeds the MPC by 11.17 times, the content of zinc and fluoride is increased by half, petroleum products - by 35%, and phosphates - by 30%. Furthermore, the study confirmed the impact of military operations on the physical and chemical properties of soils, specifically, an increase in the acidity of the soil environment (pH) and the density of the topsoil. To reduce the impact of war on soil and the ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor and assess the effects of military operations, develop and implement environmentally friendly technologies, and restore and rehabilitate the affected areas. The findings of this study can be used to prepare recommendations for the authorities to minimise the environmental impact of military operations on soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У статті розкрито сутність понять «самоменеджмент», «розвиток персоналу». Розглянуто теоретичне підґрунтя концептуальної моделі, що становлять принципи та закони самоменеджменту, які простежуються у діяльності менеджерів. Обґрунтовано, що реалізація стратегії розвитку персоналу має бути узгодженою та в межах загальної стратегії, а також відштовхуватися від тих потреб, можливостей та обмежень, що має підприємство на певному етапі свого функціонування. Доведено, що техніки і технології самоменеджменту є послідовністю етапів, що взаємопов’язані з його основними функціями. Для оптимізації процесу розвитку персоналу та оволодіння технологією самоменеджменту запропоновано сучасні методи. Визначено переваги і недоліки щодо їх впровадження. Для активізації розвитку персоналу враховано використання різних форм його діяльності та окреслено основні напрями самоменеджменту.

The results of the study devoted to assessment of accuracy and reliability of the CROPWAT 8.0 software application calculations of the evapotranspiration and crop water requirements are represented in the article.

The present article aims at presenting the legal framework peculiarities for arresting of seagoing ships in Lithuania. Analysis on the ratified Maritime Law Convention and national legislation within the said field. Comparison of the definitions of maritime claim, privileged claims, maritime liens and their peculiarities in Lithuania. Analysis on the main legal relations between maritime claims of the participants taking part in civil and other procedures. Analysis on which courts in Lithuania may grant an arrest of seagoing ships as a security for claims. Analysis on the legal framework for release of arrested seagoing ships. The present article also presents a brief analysis on the measures for releasing arrested ships, i.e., payment of the security of the required amount or provision of other guarantee and provides a brief synopsis on the financial products offered by the members of the International Group of P&I Clubs. In conclusion, author states the following: Firstly: Since the ratification of the 1952 Convention and 1993 Convention in Lithuania, a clear and transparent mechanism for regulating the arrest of seagoing ships has been formed. Essentially all of the ordinary courts within Lithuania may grant the arrest of seagoing ships as a security for claims in civil proceedings or commercial matters. Secondly: No conflicts were distinguished between national legislation regulating the arrest of seagoing ships and international maritime conventions ratified in Lithuania. Denying of the status of the privileged claim for claims arising due to shipbuilding in accordance to LMSRL may be noted as a certain imperfection of the legal framework. Thirdly: Clear and transparent legal framework for releasing arrested seagoing ships compliant with the requirements of the international maritime law and EU law is in place in Lithuania. The court releases the ship following the payment of the security of the required amount or provision of another guarantee. The use of the financial products of the members of the International Group of P&I Clubs is the preferable method for the provision of guarantee.

The cultivation of legumes in Ukraine is key for agriculture and the economy, as they are strategic crops for food security, export potential and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The study aimed to examine the current state of legume cultivation in Ukraine and identify the main aspects that determine their production. Gross harvest, yields, planted areas, export dynamics and prices of such legumes as soybeans, chickpeas, beans and peas for 2015-2023 were analysed to address the set aim. The results of the study showed the stability and potential growth of legume production in Ukraine. Despite changes in the level of soybean exports, production and processing from year to year, there is a general upward trend. In 2023, soybean exports reached a record high of 3.6 million tonnes, a significant increase from the lowest level in 2021, when only 1.4 million tonnes were exported. As for peas, chickpeas and beans, their production in Ukraine reflected fluctuating trends. Pea production peaked in 2018 at 755 thousand tonnes, chickpea production reached its highest level in 2021 (93.4 thousand tonnes), and beans in 2020 (65 thousand tonnes). In the period from 2021 to 2023, prices for legumes in Ukraine showed steady growth, with chickpeas at 21.6 thousand UAH/t, beans at 33-35 thousand UAH/t, and peas at 8.1 thousand UAH/t. The price dynamics of soybeans also showed an increase to the level of 17.2-17.4 thousand UAH/t. The strategic directions identified in the study point to the need to invest in research, technological progress and infrastructure to ensure sustainability in legume production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even in peacetime, bad farming practices have degraded the soil but war has exacerbated the situation. To support comprehensive land rehabilitation, publicly available data are scrutinised to establish the composition of soils under shelling, bombing, missile strikes and pollution by fuels and lubricants. These data show that the content of various toxic substances exceeds permissible limits several-fold, and soil acidity is increased. Heavy contamination with fuels and lubricants changes the soil's chemical and physical properties, killing all but the most resilient flora and fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War has serious consequences for the environment and human health. As these impacts can be long-term and irreversible, it is important to understand how they affect ecosystems and how they can be mitigated or avoided in the future. The research serves as a basis for reconstruction planning in war-affected areas, including the restoration of ecosystems and natural resources. The practical component of the research is determined by its contribution to understanding the extent of environmental problems caused by the war and developing effective measures to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]