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In this article, we focus on a set of remote activities regarding simulated juries, judges' evaluations, communication of verdicts, and a post-discussion conversation. These activities aimed to promote learning of the preservice teachers about the differences between remote and in-person teaching in a chemistry teaching methods course. The set of activities was developed at the beginning of the course, during the Pandemic COVID-19, and the interchanging of roles was applied by the teacher educator. These structured activities were accomplished through the preservice teachers' interactions and their interactions with the teacher educator by means of arguments, explanations, dialogues, and injunctions. We used a multi-level method for discourse analysis to map, sample, and analyze virtual interactions, which afforded the following results: 1) the preservice teachers strongly engaged in the remote activities and constructed arguments and counterarguments in the simulated jury activities, showing active roles as knowledge producers in all set of activities; 2) several themes and subthemes were developed; 3) the teacher educator assumed the roles of instructor, manager of the discussions, and commentator; 4) the preservice teachers evaluated positively their experience with the set of activities; 5) the application of the multi-level method allowed us to make explicit the discursive moves of the participants and a model for the simulated juries and related activities.

Objetivos: Traduzir para a língua portuguesa o Teste de Desempenho Físico (Physical Performance Test) em uma versão modificada e avaliar sua consistência interna e a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores. Material e Métodos: O processo de adaptação linguística seguiu as etapas: tradução para o português, retradução, avaliação da tradução por especialistas e estudo-piloto. Com a versão final em português, conduziu-se a estudo de confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores em idosos da comunidade. Resultados: Foram avaliados 30 participantes. No processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, apenas no item 8 do teste foi acrescentado o número de degraus que correspondem a um lance de escadas (10 degraus). Não houve dúvidas quanto ao entendimento dos outros itens. Para teste intra e interexaminadores, os valores do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foram 0,81 (IC95% 0,51-0,93) e 0,86 (IC95% 0,63-0,95), respectivamente; e os coeficientes a de Cronbach foram 0,89 e 0,92, respectivamente. No teste t de Student para amostras pareadas foi observado que não houve diferença significativa entre teste-reteste intra e interexaminadores (p > 0,05). Conclusões: O Teste de Desempenho Físico (Physical Performance Test) em sua versão modificada foi traduzido para o português e adaptado para aplicação em idosos brasileiros residentes na comunidade, apresentando níveis adequados de consistência interna e confiabilidade. Geriatria & Gerontologia. 2008;3(2):104-109.

Abstract During the recent yellow fever (YF) epidemics in Brazil, human cases were attributed to spillover infections via sylvatic mosquito transmission. Despite YF virus (YFV) transmission in major urban centers with insufficient vaccination coverage and abundant populations of the domestic vector, Aedes aegypti, there was no evidence of human-amplified transmission. Furthermore, the historic absence of YF in Asia, despite abundant Ae. aegypti and an immunologically naive human population, is unexplained. We tested the hypothesis that pre-existing, heterologous flavivirus immunity, specifically from dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, limits YFV viremia and transmission by Ae. aegypti. We infected cynomolgus macaques with DENV or ZIKV, then challenged them 6–9 months later with YFV. We then measured viremia and disease and allowed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to feed during peak macaque viremia. Although prior heterologous immunity had variable effects on disease, DENV and ZIKV immunity consistently suppressed YFV viremia. Despite no statistical difference due to a small sample size, the suppression in viremia led to a significant reduction in Ae. aegypti infection and a lack of transmission potential. These results support the hypothesis that, in DENV- and ZIKV-endemic regions such as South America and Asia, human flavivirus immunity suppresses YFV human amplification potential, reducing the risk of urban outbreaks.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the existence of information on drug labeling intended for health professionals on the precaution of cardiovascular drugs use in older people. METHODS: This is a documentary study, carried out with the analysis of data contained in drug labelings. The existence of information on precautions in the use of drugs for older people as described in the 2016 Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Drugs for Older People (Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos de 2016). RESULTS: Of the 29 drugs belonging to the cardiovascular system group that should be avoided by older people and are available in Brazil, 15 are independent of the clinical condition. Of these fifteen, only three drugs (20%) have explicit information in accordance with the Consensus (methyldopa, digoxin, and spironolactone); two (13.33%) have missing explicit information; four (26.66%) have explicitly discordant information; and six drug labels (40%) were categorized as non-explicit information. Regarding drug precautions according to clinical condition, 14 drugs were included. Of these, 12 (85.71%) have equal contraindications of that of Consensus on their drug labels, however, non-explicit; and two (14.28%) contraindications are missing. CONCLUSION: Most drug labels lack information on the precautions for the use of drugs in older people.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as concepções acerca da cronicidade na saúde mental no campo da reforma psiquiátrica e da reabilitação psicossocial brasileira. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da produção científica contemporânea brasileira a respeito dessa temática. Como resultado, pode-se perceber que, para a literatura, a cronicidade é predominantemente determinada pela institucionalização e por determinadas formas de atenção ao sofrimento psíquico e às crises, que incluem: a permanência de práticas manicomiais de tutela e isolamento (as reinternações, levando à impermanência do sujeito no território); a assistência centrada nos diagnósticos psiquiátricos e nos medicamentos, e não na singularidade; fragmentação da assistência. Alguns autores chegaram a retratar uma nova cronicidade, com características como a porta-giratória e a vinculação permanente a ambulatórios, como uma evidência da falência das intenções da psiquiatria reformada. Superar a reprodução da cronicidade em saúde mental, segundo a literatura, envolve o cuidado em rede, territorializado, intersetorial, desmedicalizante, de forma a garantir o acompanhamento integral e em liberdade. Cabe destacar a presença irrisória, nos artigos, de reflexões sobre outras determinações, não assistenciais, do sofrimento psíquico permanente, como as transformações nas condições de vida e trabalho e a inserção em coletividades particulares (classe social, categorias profissionais, gênero, etnia/raça etc.).

O interesse e elemento constitutivo da análise proposta neste artigo envolve a narrativa, consumo, comportamentos e motivações de séries LGBTQIA+, como a obra de ficção tailandesa Bad Buddy. No intuito de investigar as construções narrativas em torno dos personagens homoafetivos protagonistas da série, realizou-se uma análise fílmica e de discurso, considerando a tessitura das relações sobre representações e visibilidade midiática homoafetiva no enredo da trama. Na análise, foram constatados alguns traços que ora desmistificam estereótipos sobre homens gays e valorizam a diversidade, ora dão visibilidade a padrões heteronormativos. De toda maneira, o conteúdo fílmico da série analisada neste estudo evidencia que o audiovisual, enquanto uma experiência de lazer e entretenimento voltada ao público massivo, pode oferecer insights e sensibilizar práticas de visibilidade para a comunidade LGBTQIA+, em especial no que concerne à representatividade homoafetiva.

A Organização Mundial da Saúde alerta que aproximadamente 603 mil pessoas morrem anualmente em todo mundo em decorrência do tabagismo passivo. Destas, 168.840 (28%) são crianças. O The Global Burden of Disease 3 alertou que morrem aproximadamente 47 mil crianças menores de 5 anos em decorrência do tabagismo passivo. Evidências laboratoriais indicam que a exposição ao tabagismo de terceira mão afeta negativamente órgãos e sistemas em desenvolvimento. Ao contrário dos adultos, as crianças não são capazes de regular sua exposição à fumaça do tabaco, sendo obrigadas a viverem no ambiente que lhes é proporcionado. A mensuração da exposição das crianças à fumaça do tabaco pode ser complexa e difícil já que depende da informação da família, muitas vezes imprecisas ou subnotificadas. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido e validado, em Israel, um questionário que utiliza imagens e vinhetas de situações hipotéticas com a finalidade de medir a percepção dos pais sobre a exposição das crianças à fumaça de tabaco. Esse instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado para o contexto brasileiro e está disponível, podendo ser utilizado pelo profissional de saúde como uma estratégia de orientação e conduta no auxílio à redução da exposição das crianças tanto no tabagismo passivo como no de terceira mão.

ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical manifestations of yellow fever disease and identify risk factors for mortality.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the referral center for infectious diseases (Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-HEM) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Analysis included data from 283 patients with confirmed YF infection older than 13 years old who presented to HEM between January 2017 and June 2018. In-hospital mortality (hypothesis formulated after data collection), demographic factors and clinical and laboratory assessments were used.ResultsStudy patients were mainly men (87.6%), with a median age of 46.0 (IQR 36.5, 57.0). 131 (46.3%) patients were admitted to the ICU, and 62 (22.0%) used invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 2 days (IQR 1, 3). The median (IQR) total length of stay (LOS) in the ICU was 6 days (IQR 4, 8). The in-hospital mortality rate was 24.0%. Age was significantly higher in fatal (median 49.5, IQR 41.0, 61.0]) than in non-fatal cases [46 (36, 55)] (p < 0.01). Male sex was associated with an increased risk of death (RR 4.66, 95% CI 1.19, 18.2; p < 0.01). Most common symptoms and signs on admission to HEM were fever (31.9%), myalgia (27.8%), jaundice (24.3%), headache (23.9%), abdominal pain (16.1%), vomiting (12.2%), weakness (10.4%), and arthralgias (10.0%). Initial viral load above the cutoff of 4.45 log10 copies/mL was significantly associated with death prior to discharge (OR 12.2; CI 2.83, 92.3). Five factors were significantly related to increased odds of death prior to discharge: log-transformed AST (OR 3.65; CI 2.02, 7.81; p < 0.001), log-transformed INR (OR 7.40; CI 1.31, 33.0; p = 0.010), log-transformed lactate (OR 4.57; CI 1.48, 17.1; p = 0.013), log-transformed WBC (OR 4.33; CI 1.19, 18.5; p = 0.034), and age (OR 1.06; CI 1.01, 1.12; p = 0.026).Conclusions and relevanceAST, INR, lactate, WBC, and age are statistically associated with death prior to discharge in YF patients. These clinical markers should be applied to improve patient screening and management during future YF epidemics.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the existence of information about deprescription in the leaflets of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medications. The leaflets available on the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites for the following medications were analyzed: omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole. The variables collected in each leaflet were the existence: a) about deprescribing; b) of guidance on the deprescription process; c) maximum recommended time for use; and d) risk of prolonged use. This information was analyzed in accordance with the PPI deprescription guideline, from Canada. Regarding the medication leaflets, 83.33 % from ANVISA and 100 % from the FDA did not present explicit and systematic guidance on deprescribing. Regarding the maximum time of use, 100 % of the leaflets from both agencies contained this information. Regarding the risks of prolonged use of the medication, 33.33 % of the ANVISA leaflets and 33.3 % of the FDA leaflets did not report the increased risks described in the guideline. The results highlight a large gap in information about deprescribing in PPI leaflets; this highlighting is necessary to contribute to the promotion of the rational use of medicines.

Brazil is the world leader in pesticide consumption, and its indiscriminate use puts farmers’ health at risk. The CYP2C9 gene encodes the CYP2C9 enzyme, which metabolizes several endogenous substrates and specific xenobiotics, especially pesticides. Our goal is to study the risk of pesticide use, especially the herbicide glyphosate, in the development of diseases and the association with two CYP2C9 polymorphisms, in farmers living in the southern region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The allelic frequency of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 was determined in blood samples from individuals exposed or not to pesticides using real-time PCR. 304 blood samples were analyzed, dividing CYP2C9 genotypes into three metabolization classes: normal, intermediate, and slow. Our results indicate that normal metabolizers may be more susceptible to conditions such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and kidney problems. Intermediate metabolizers show an association with attention deficit disorder and miscarriages, suggesting that farmers’ symptoms correlated with their CYP2C9 genotype. Insufficient data prevented conclusions about slow metabolizers (*2 and/or *3). These findings suggest that the CYP2C9 genotype may influence the way farmers exposed to pesticides respond, but more research is needed to clarify causality and investigate other possible health effects. As an introductory effort, this study provides insights into the complex relationship between genetic variations and pesticide exposure, laying the groundwork for future research. This pioneering work on associations between specific genetic variations and health risks with pesticide exposure, emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and stricter regulation of pesticide use for public health and occupational safety.

Background Cerebellar ataxias comprise sporadic and genetic etiologies. Ataxia may also be a presenting feature in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs).

Introduction and Objectives: Subjects without cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) may suffer from subclinical atherosclerosis, and are at increased risk for atherosclerotic CV events (ASCVE). The ESC/EAS risk SCORE was updated by SCORE2, which estimates 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD in European populations aged 40–69 years without established CVD or diabetes. Our aim was to compare the two ESC/EAS risk scores and to validate SCORE2 in our population. Methods: A total of 1071 individuals (age 57.2±6.1 years; 75.2% male) without CVD or diabetes, from GENEMACOR study controls, were analyzed over 5.4±3.9 years. The population was stratified into risk categories according to the two scores, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and Harrell's C-index assessed the scores’ performance. Calibration was performed using the goodness-of-fit test, and occurrence of the first event assessed by Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated SCORE2 survival. Results: SCORE stratified subjects into four risk categories: low (7.4%), moderate (46.5%), high (25.3%) and very high (20.8%), and SCORE2 into three: low-to-moderate (24.7%), high (59.0%) and very high (16.2%). SCORE presented good discrimination for CV mortality (AUC=0.838; C-index=0.834, 95% CI: 0.728–0.940), as did SCORE2 for total CV events (AUC=0.744; C-index=0.728, 95% CI: 0.648–0.808). Calibration did not show a disparity between observed and expected ASCVE. The probability of ASCVE was eight times higher in very-high-risk SCORE2 (p=0.001), and three times in the high-risk group (p=0.049). Event-free survival was 99%, 90% and 72% in the low-to-moderate, high and very-high-risk categories, respectively (p

Nascido em Sandycove, Dublin, Roger David Casement (1864-1916) foi um cônsul britânico, que posteriormente tornou-se revolucionário irlandês. Em vida, Casement foi aclamado pela autoria de dois relatórios publicados como brochuras oficiais do parlamento britânico: o relatório do Congo, escrito em 1903, durante o reinado de Leopoldo II da Bélgica; e o relatório da Amazônia, em 1911. Ambos os documentos são conhecidos pelo registro de atrocidades cometidas contra os nativos dessas regiões durante o auge do ciclo da borracha, no início do século XX. É como cônsul-geral no Brasil que Casement parte de uma investigação sobre maus tratos de cidadãos britânicos empregados pela Peruvian Amazon Company e aporta em Belém do Pará, de onde segue para Manaus e cruza a fronteira, rio acima, até a região do Putumayo. No Brasil, temos publicado O diário da Amazônia de Roger Casement (2016), com seleções dos diários feitas pelo historiador Angus Mitchell e pelas organizadoras brasileiras, Laura Izarra e Mariana Bolfarine. Ao traduzirmos três cartas como parte de sua correspondência consular, buscamos entender como o cônsul-geral do Brasil retrabalha a experiência– e todo o registro escrito que é feito dela in loco – de sua viagem para denunciar os “crimes do Putumayo”.

Tradução de Cross-correspondence of Roger Casement, British general consul in Brazil, reporting his investigations about the abuses against colonial British subjects and the indigenous population in the region of Putumayo, 1911 por Roger Casement

The Portuguese magazine Fémina, edited by a woman, Helena de Aragão (1880–1961), published during the early years of the Estado Novo (1933–1974), i.e. between 1933 and 1938, is addressed to a female readership. The main goal of this paper is the study of cooking recipes and domestic management, in order to understand how the magazine articles could serve the knowledge of women in the upper and middle classes and be an instrument of female training and discipline.

Yellow fever virus (YFV) circulates in a sylvatic cycle between non-human primates (NHPs) and arboreal mosquitoes in Brazil. Passive monitoring of ill or deceased NHPs is a key component of the Brazilian yellow fever (YF) surveillance program. Samples from NHPs carcasses are usually suitable for molecular tests but not for serological assays. As an alternative to the conventional plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) based on sera, we tested the utility of liver homogenates from experimentally infected (YFV, Mayaro virus [MAYV], chikungunya virus [CHIKV], or mock) mice to quantify PRNTs. Although homogenates from mock-infected mice showed a low level of nonspecific virus neutralization against all three viruses, homogenates from YFV-, MAYV- and CHIKV-infected mice demonstrated significantly higher levels of virus neutralization compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were performed using the median neutralization values of three technical replicates for each infected group separately or collectively. Results showed scores ≥0.97 (95% CI ≥ 0.89-1.0) for the area under the curve at dilutions 1:20 to 1:80, suggesting that median virus neutralization values effectively differentiated infected mice from controls. Liver homogenates obtained from 25 NHP carcasses (collected during the 2017 YF outbreak in Brazil) were also tested using the adapted PRNT as well as rapid lateral flow tests to investigate anti-YFV IgM. Neutralization activity was detected in six NHP samples that were also positive by PCR and anti-YFV IgM tests and one sample that tested negative by PCR and IgM test. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using liver homogenates as an alternative approach for serological investigation in viral epidemiologic surveillance.

O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre a gestão de risco de desastre no Brasil, identificando atores, elos, fluxos e eventuais lacunas existentes. Para tanto, são desenvolvidos: (i) a identificação das principais fontes de dados sobre desastres no Brasil, e um panorama dos registros recentes (2016-2023), a partir de fonte selecionada (REINDESC); (ii) o cenário nacional da gestão do risco (estrutura, órgãos, legislação, estratégias) e (iii) o cenário internacional, com foco na Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), a partir de fontes de dados mundiais (EM-DAT e INFORM Risk). Por fim, destaca-se que os recentes avanços na estrutura organizacional federal ainda carecem de aprimoramentos para minimização do risco e efetiva prevenção aos desastres no Brasil.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o modo como o Diabo é caracterizado em O casamento do céu e do inferno (1790) do escritor inglês William Blake, utilizando-se principalmente de comparações com leituras da personagem Satã, do épico Paraíso perdido (1667) de John Milton. Recorre-se primeiramente a uma análise das leituras da personagem Satã de John Milton realizadas ao longo do século XVIII,utilizando-se, para tanto, de textos e gravuras do período. As duas últimas décadas do século XVIII são tratadas com mais atenção, já que nesse período parece haver uma mudança de paradigma com relação às leituras de Satã. Segue-se então uma leitura de O casamento do céu e do inferno, procurando-se semelhanças e divergências com as leituras analisadas. Conclui-se que o livro apresenta uma visão do Diabo que se assemelha principalmente a algumas leituras do fim do século XVIII, mas que difere em relação ao papel central que o Diabo adquire no texto.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of brucellosis control and reproductive performance using one or two doses of RB51 strain vaccine.MethodsThis experiment was conducted at two commercial beef farms (A, n = 477; and B, n = 673), which were selected due to their records of endemic brucellosis and a prevalence of 6 to 8% of seropositive cows. An initial serology screening (Day 0) was carried out in all cows using the Rose Bengal test (RB), and presumptive positive results were re-evaluated using a slow agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). Seropositive cows (64, 5.6%) were culled. Non-reactive cows were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups: G1, a single vaccination with RB51; G2, two doses of RB51 given 6 months apart; and G3 (control group), no vaccination. Serological tests were carried out on Days 90, 180, 270, and 360. In each evaluation, seropositive cows were removed. The variables related to occurrence of new infections and abortion, as well as those related to subsequent reproductive performance, were analyzed using the SAS software.Results and discussionSeropositive cows were still detected in both vaccinated and control groups at 90 days. However, no new infections were detected in G1 at 180 days or in G1 and G2 at 270 and 360 days, whereas new seropositive cows were diagnosed in all exams in G3 (control). Therefore, the cumulative number of new infections was lower in vaccinated than in control cows (0.2% and 0.0%, vs. 3.2% for groups G1, G2, and G3 respectively; p = 0.0002). In farm A the number of days open was greater in the control than in vaccinated groups (p

A taberna foi sempre espaço de sociabilidade, local de consumo de vinho e de petiscos, mas também de escândalo pois ali se jogava, se discutiam ideias e se aliciavam prostitutas. A documentação dos Feitos findos, guardada no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (Lisboa), oferece-nos um retrato da violência física e verbal envolvendo mulheres que exerciam as funções de taberneiras na Lisboa dos finais do Antigo Regime. Se algumas foram prevaricadoras, outras surgem como vítimas. Foram estudados 18 casos situados entre 1805 e 1833.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the determinants of household poverty in Brazil, placing a specific emphasis on the heads of households as the primary unit of analysis. Household poverty is a critical and multifaceted issue in developing countries, a reality that holds true for Brazil as well. Understanding the intricate web of factors that contribute to household poverty is of paramount importance to policymakers, researchers, and advocates dedicated to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development. Household poverty remains a persistent challenge in Brazil, with far-reaching social and economic consequences. To address this issue effectively, it is essential to identify the factors that contribute to poverty among households, particularly those led by individuals who are the primary income earners. These households often face unique economic and social challenges that demand targeted interventions. To analyze household poverty determinants, this study utilizes data from the 'Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicilios Continua' (Continuous National Household Sample Survey) (PNADC). The dataset provides comprehensive information on the individual characteristics of the household head and household-level attributes, offering a nuanced view of the factors at play. A probit model is employed to estimate the probability of a household head experiencing poverty, allowing for a examination of various factors. The research findings reveal several significant determinants of household poverty in Brazil. Firstly, households led by men are found to be less likely to be in a situation of poverty, shedding light on gender-related disparities in income and opportunities. Secondly, households with heads who have attained higher levels of education exhibit a lower probability of being in poverty, underscoring the importance of education as a pathway out of poverty. Moreover, urban households are found to be less prone to poverty compared to their rural counterparts, since households led by individuals who work in agricultural-related activities are more likely to experience poverty. This emphasizes the need for targeted rural development strategies. Additionally, households located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil face a higher likelihood of poverty, possibly due to regional economic disparities that require specific policy attention. These findings have important policy implications for poverty alleviation efforts in Brazil. Policymakers should consider targeted interventions that focus on improving access to education, particularly in regions with higher poverty rates, as education is a powerful tool for poverty reduction. Efforts to promote gender equality and enhance economic opportunities in rural areas are also essential to address the diverse causes of poverty. Additionally, regional disparities in poverty should be addressed through comprehensive regional development initiatives that take into account the unique challenges faced by different areas of the country. Our results also highlight the importance of community-specific social programs, including conditional-cash transfers and incentives for childhood education, which can play a pivotal role in breaking the cycle of poverty in Brazil's diverse communities. JEL Classifications: R58, I32 and O54 Keywords: Deprivation, Feminization of poverty, Regional development, Microdata., INTRODUCTION Poverty is a phenomenon that occurs in all societies and, as such, there is great interest in understanding it by seeking to identify the determinants that condition individuals to [...]