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The objective was to evaluate the quality of sunflower seeds classified according to their thickness and passed through the seeder-fertilizer dosing system under variation of the travel speed. A lot of M734 was classified by thickness passing the seeds through a set of oblong-hole sieves and two thicknesses were selected. A portion of the seeds with only the commercial classification was also reserved, named as non-classified. The biometric evaluation was done and the sowing was carried out at 5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.5 and 11.0 km h-1. The quality of the seeds was evaluated through: germination and first germination count, average time and percentage of emergence in sand, accelerated aging and tetrazolium test. The classification by thickness reduce the coefficient of variation of the length, width, thickness, and mass but seeds classification does not affect seed vigor and viability after sowing under speed variation. In the higher studied speed, the passage of seeds through the dosing mechanism reduces germination. The vigor is affected at 6.5 km h-1 speed by the accelerated aging test. According to the emergence in sand and tetrazolium test, speed variation does not affect the vigor and viability of sunflower seeds.

Objetivou-se identificar as melhores condições de temperatura, fotoperíodo e pré-embebição em água para obtenção da maior porcentagem, velocidade de germinação e emergência das plântulas de T. triangulare, além de avaliar o potencial de armazenamento das sementes em diferentes ambientes. Primeiramente avaliou-se o efeito das temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 30/20 ºC na germinação das sementes. Após, foi estudado o tempo de pré-embebição em água (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 h) e quatro condições de luminosidade (luz constante, escuro constante, fotoperíodo de 8/16 e 12/12 h de luz/escuro, respectivamente), sob temperatura de 30/20 ºC. Por último, as sementes foram armazenadas em cápsulas pretas em três ambientes (A1: geladeira comum; A2: câmara refrigerada; e A3: ambiente de laboratório), sendo avaliadas a cada três meses, durante 24 meses. As porcentagens de germinação foram de 97, 91, 42, 12 e 85% nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30, 30/20 ºC, respectivamente. No entanto, o tempo médio de germinação foi menor na temperatura alternada 30/20 ºC (9,5 dias). A germinação de T. triangulare é favorecida pelas temperaturas alternadas de 30/20 ºC, em conjunto com a pré-embebição em água por 24 h e fotoperíodo de 12 h de luz ou 8/16 h (luz/escuro). O armazenamento no ambiente com condições de 7 ± 2 ºC e umidade relativa de 65 ± 4% prolongam a viabilidade das sementes ao longo do tempo de armazenamento.

Convencionalmente, as políticas públicas relativas à infraestrutura logística são tratadas dissociadas da realidade dos sistemas produtivos agrícola. Além disso, a logística conta com elementos essências para governança e coordenação das cadeias de suprimento, que movimentam as cadeias produtivas em uma dinâmica sistêmica. Nas economias globalizadas a produtividade e competitividade se dão, sobretudo pela eficiência dos mercados de bens e serviços; na pratica os consumidores globais buscam velocidade, acessibilidade e acurasse em suas transações comerciais. Nesse ponto de vista, o estudo apresenta discussões sobre os entraves no gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos do girassol no município de Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, na safra de 2013/2014, uma vez que, o município é o principal produtor nacional do grão. O estudo permeia aspectos relacionados aos custos e coordenação da cadeia de suprimentos, descrevendo o fluxo entre os seus diversos agentes e parceiros. O método abordado foi o indutivo e dedutivo, a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva a partir da literatura, com aplicação de questionário previamente elaborado e entrevista direta com os produtores.

The sunflower has adaptation for cultivation in Brazilian conditions and the main product is the oil extracted from the seeds. This study aimed to verify the impacts of meteorological attributes on agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes cultivated as a second crop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD), cultivating the two sunflower genotypes, M734 and Hélio, in three years (2009, 2011, 2012) with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, capitulum diameter, weight of a thousand achenes, yield of achenes, oil content and oil yield. Then, water deficit and the maximum crop yield are estimated for correlation analysis between meteorological attributes and agronomic characteristics. In both genotypes studied there was a very strong correlation between plant height with evapotranspiration (r=0.99*) and very strong negative correlation (r=-0.99*) with water deficit. For mass of a thousand achenes, there was a very strong negative correlation with the maximum (r=-0.98*) and minimum (r=-0.96*) temperatures, and with evapotranspiration (r=-0.98*) in the Helio 358. In addition, effect of the water deficit on the oil yield (r=-0.98*) was verified for the same genotype. Very strong negative correlation was found between maximum temperature and oil content (r=-0.96*) in genotype M734. In sunflower cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, water deficit reduces plant height, capitulum diameter and oil yield. The oil content of the achenes reduces when the maximum temperature increases, during the cultivation. For those reasons, the use of sunflower genotypes with shorter cycles and the earlier sowing could benefit the crop developing, by suiting the management, to avoid unfavorable climatic conditions that can cause reduction in production parameters.

The objective of this work was to study the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangara da Serra, MT. The soil physical attributes were: weighted mean diameter (DMP) and geometric mean diameter (DMG). The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The treatments for weighted average diameter (WMD) and geometric mean diameter (DMG) were arranged in a subdivided plot scheme, with eight replications. The tilting preparations obtained the highest DMPs compared to SD both in the 0-10 cm layer and in the 10-20 cm layer, a result possibly related to the incorporation of residues during the soil preparation associated with higher mucilage production promoted by higher activity of the root system of the crop, which found better soil physical conditions for its development. The PC presented a reduction in DMP when comparing the value in the 0-10 cm layer with the value in the 10-20 cm layer. The significant effect of soil preparation on DMG can also be a result of the incorporation of residues during the preparation, associated to the effect of higher root volume promoted by the higher root growth of the crop in these preparations, which, in turn, guarantee greater production of mucilages promoting greater soil aggregation and higher DMG. The use of the disk grid in the PC and PM interferes with the soil attributes. Soil inversion provided higher WMD and DMG.

The present work had the objective of evaluating the effects of the spatial variability of the main meteorological elements on soybean yield, variety M7739 IPRO from Monsoy, with an early cycle of 105 days, with sowing at the beginning of October and harvesting at the beginning of the month in February, in two agricultural years (2013/14 and 2014/15) at Santa Luzia farm, located in the municipality of Campo Verde - MT (15º42'28 ''S, 55º19'59'' W, 736 m). The meteorological data of the region were obtained through the 9th district of meteorology (9th DISME) of the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET. The coefficient of culture (kc) was defined following the development stages of the culture. The estimates of evapotranspiration (potential and crop) were determined by the water balance method and the sensitivity coefficients (ky) of the soybean crop were estimated by the expression Ky=(1-Yr/Ym)/(1-ETr/ETm), in which ky = yield response factor; Yr = actual yield of the crop; Ym = maximum yield of the crop; ETr = actual evapotranspiration e ETm = maximum evapotranspiration. The values of Ky were all lower than 1, both for the crop cycle in the 2013/14 crop year and for the crop cycle 2014/15, indicating that the soybean crop is adaptable to water deficit.

Road transport is highlighted by its efficiency providing door-to-door services. It can be considered that 62.70% of the entire Brazilian cargo is handled by land transportation. In this context the transportation of wheat grains is very important. Wheat is an important cereal crop in Brazil and one of the main sources of carbohydrates for baking. The country produced approximately 5.42 million tons of wheat grains in the 2018 harvest. The objective of this study is to establish a percentage loss index, as well as to assess these quantitative losses during the transportation of grains of wheat in bulk. The work was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company and the Nucleus of Storage Technology at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. It was established the evaluation of losses related to the transportation of grain wheat in bulk in the main waterways, and the research was carried out in BR-277/376 in the State of Paraná. After the choice of the highways evaluated, we performed research on the data of documents of the transport of wheat in bulk. The obtained data, through the documents, provided weight of origin, weight of destination, place of origin and place of destination, in this way, by difference was obtained the quantity of grains lost in the transport and the mileage traveled in each route. By means of these data it was possible to obtain three indices of losses, one in Kg/Km (kilogram per kilometer wheeled), another one in Kg / t (kilograms per tons transported), and also determined an index of loss in percentage of grains transported. With the indication of the indices it was possible to evaluate the losses. The Bitrem truck (7 axles) was used as the basis for calculating the losses, since during the interviews this was the type that had the most occurrences in BRs evaluated, with 39%. Based on the questionnaire, the load weight of 38,000 kg was adopted. For the study of losses of wheat grains in road transport, 10,279 data were analyzed for routs, 1,053,851 km, with an average of 102.52 km round trip. The amount of wheat grain transported was 222,494,228 kg. The total losses were 505,736 kg, averaging 49.20 kg of loss per trip. The loss per km was on average 0.479 kg. The percentage loss index for wheat (0.1708%) was determined. This percentage is lower than the adopted one that is of 0.25%, nevertheless, represent considerable losses for the economy. Based on the data obtained in the present study, it can be stated that it is possible to adopt, by the carriers, percentage loss indexes lower than 0.25% in the contracts. It is recommended to adopt the percentages of grain loss in road transport of 0.17% for wheat.

Grain transport losses occur due to road conditions, trucks' state of repair, types of bodies, overload, loading and transport speed. These losses, besides affecting the economy, are also considered waste of food, environmental and social aspects. The objective of this work was to collect information from the drivers, through the application of questionnaires, on the type, age and state of conservation of trucks, car bodies, roof covers and tires, as well as conservation conservation of BR-163 highway in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was carried out on the BR-163 highway, which is the one with the highest cargo flow for maize in the state of Mato Grosso. Interviews were conducted with approximately 500 truck drivers transporting grain cargoes of maize, in order to obtain information regarding: (a) State of conservation of the highways where they travel; (b) which part of the highways the greatest grain losses occur; (c) which grain is the most lost in road transport; (d) whether the truck driver has received any specific training to avoid grain losses; (e) whether the trucker adopts any procedure to reduce grain losses; among other information relevant to the study in question. It was observed that 59.70% of the trucks are owned by the companies, the other 40.30% are owned by the driver or are not tied to any company. It was observed that 42.90% of the trucks were manufactured between 2011 and 2015, that is, they are less than 8 years old. Of the evaluated trucks 39% of the evaluated trucks are bitrens, 32% rodotrens. The predominant bodies in the transport of grain in bulk are of the bulk type and bucket, with great predominance for grain. The data indicate that 87% of the trucks and 84% of the bodies are in good or excellent condition. The grain that is most lost in transportation, according to the drivers, is corn and soy, which together account for approximately 40% of the losses. It is concluded that grain losses in corn transport are occurring mainly due to poor conservation of BR-163 in the state of Mato Grosso. Holes and trepidation are the main culprits.

Wheat is an important cereal crop in Brazil and one of the major source of carbohaydrates for baking. Grain losses on roads cause losses beyond the economic scope. Grains that fall around the highway are seeds with the potential to germinate, making it a "green bridge" for the transmission of diseases or hybridization between traditional, commercial and transgenic cultivars. The objective of this study was to establish the quantitative losses along the roads during the transportation of wheat grains in Paraná, as well as to verify the influence of short and long distance load on grain losses. The research was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company (CONAB) and the Nucleus of Storage Technology, at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. A survey of wheat grain losses was carried out in the BR-376, approximately 295 km distance between the Port of São Francisco in Santa Catarina and Ponta Grossa in Paraná between March and April 2018. A total of 26 collection points were established along the highway. At each collection point an area of 1 m2 was measured with the aid of a fixed frame of wood with the same area, at a distance of 1.3 m from the highway margin, in the north-south direction of the highway, which is the direction of the grain flow in BR-376 in the section considered). The grains were collected on the side of the road, along the gutters and near the lawn, with a broom, brush and dustpan. The collected material was placed in plastic bags properly identified and taken to the laboratory for separation and weighing. The experiment was carried out in subdivided plots, 26 plots (collection points), 4 subplots (collection times) and 3 replicates (collection areas at points). Statistical analyzes were performed using Assistat software. Differences among treatments were verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F test. When significant to the comparison of means for the treatments was performed by the Scott-Knott test. The section of the data referring to the short route that presented the highest loss index was the route in the interior of the city of Ponta Grossa-PR. The Ponta Grossa/Ponta Grossa destination also had the highest total loss, even though it was an average distance of 25 km. The route between the municipalities of Uraí/Ponta Grossa was the destination with the highest losses (122.55 kg of grains per trip). In almost all sections of the route denominated as long losses higher than acceptable in contracts (0.25%). The percentage of wheat grains lost is associated with the quality of the highways and trucks used in transportation.

This study evaluated the effect of storage period on the physiological and health quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (4 x 2 x 2) with four periods of storage (0, 2, 4 and 6 months), two soybean cultivars (‘BRS Pintado’ and ‘MSOY 8866’) and treated and untreated seeds with the formulated mixture of active ingredients pyraclostrobine (25 g i.a L-1) + Methyl-Thiophanate (225 g i.a L-1) + fipronil (250 g i.a L-1) in a 0,1 L.ha-1 dosage of the commercial product. Concerning health, there was a reduction of Aspergillus spp., Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematium var. truncata and Fusarium spp fungus when periods of storage were increased independently if storage interactions occurred due to cultivar, treatment and/or all analyzed factors. cv. ‘BRS Pintado’ stood out by presenting lower results on the occurrence of fungi. The isolated cultivar factor presented a significant result concerning the physiological quality and c.v. ‘BRS Pintado’ showed better results in the variables: germination of seeds from the speed aging test, germination, shoot lenght from the speed emergence test, and both shoot dry matter and root dry matter of germination. There was an interaction for the speed emergence index variable between storage versus cultivar, in which cv. ‘BRS Pintado’ achieved better average results in all periods of storage. The storage factor alone was significant for shoot length of plants from the speed emergence index, the shoot plant dry matter from the emergency speed index, root dry matter of seedling germination and germination of seeds subjected to accelerated aging. The isolated treatment factor was significant in the germination variable and the untreated seeds showed better results in relation to the treated ones. However, the difference of these values would not be significant at the field. Treated seeds showed better results compared to untreated ones in most of the analyzed variables and their association with seeds storage did not affect the physiological quality evaluation during six months of evaluation, enabling the maintenance of the health quality of seeds.

Estimates for the 2018/2019 grain crop indicate production in the order of 238.5 million tons, an increase of 4.7% compared to the 2017/2018 harvest. This production, although satisfactory, could still be greater, were it not for the problems faced with the logistics of grain disposal where billions are lost due to the limited investment in infrastructure. The objective of this work is to establish a percentage loss index, as well as to assess these quantitative losses during bulk grain transportation of corn. The research was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company (CONAB) and the NTA (Nucleus of Storage Technology), at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. It was established the evaluation of losses related to grain transportation in the main waterways, being bulk corn in BR 163/364 in the State of Mato Grosso. After the choice of the highways evaluated, we carried out research on the data of romaneios in the transportation of corn in bulk. The obtained data, through the romaneios, provided weight of origin, weight of destination, place of origin and place of destination, in this way, by difference was obtained the quantity of grains lost in the transport and the mileage traveled in each route. By means of these data it was possible to obtain three indices of losses, one in Kg/Km (kilogram per kilometer wheeled), another one in Kg/t (kilograms per tons transported), and also determined an index of loss in percentage of grains transported. With the indication of the indices it was possible to evaluate the losses. The Bitrem truck (7 axles) was used as the basis for calculating the losses, since during the interviews this was the type that had the most occurrences in BRs evaluated, with 39%. Based on the questionnaire, the load weight of 38,000 kg was therefore adopted. For the study of corn grain losses in road transport, 39,642 data were analyzed for routs, with 24,902,808.50 km rotated, mean of 628,19 km away by route. The amount of corn grain transported was 1,852,437,042 kg. The total losses were 1,808,951 kg, averaging 45.63 kg of loss per trip. The loss per km was on average of 0.072 kg. Transport of corn grains between Nova Ubiratã and Rondonópolis presented the highest frequency of trips (8629 trips), however the losses were 37,710 kg of grains or approximately 628 bags of corn (60 Kg). The index of percentage loss for maize (0.1025%). This percentage is lower than the adopted one that is of 0.25%, nevertheless, represent considerable losses for the economy. Based on the data obtained in the present study, it can be stated that it is possible to adopt percentage loss rates of less than 0.25% in contracts. It is recommended to adopt the percentage rates of grain loss in road transport of 0.10% for maize.

This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the sowing speed on the regularity of longitudinal distribution of maize seeds through a pneumatic metering seeder. The experimentation of 4 sowing speeds (4, 6, 8 and 10 km h-1) was performed in randomized blocks design with four replicates. The parameters evaluated were the mean distance between plants, coefficient of variation of the distance between plants, percentage of acceptable, flawed and double spacings, precision index, plant stand, initial population, mean seed deposition depth, and coefficient of variation of the seed deposition depth. The increase in the operating speed linearly reduced the percentage of acceptable spacings, plant stand, initial population, and mean seed deposition depth. Conversely, it linearly increased the values of mean distance between plants, coefficient of variation of the distance between plants, percentage of double and flawed spacings, precision index, and coefficient of variation of the deposition depth. Therefore, the increase in the displacement speed of the tractor-seeder set reduced the regularity of the longitudinal distribution of the plants, as well as the sowing quality.

The objective of this work was the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in split plots, with eight replications, being considered as plots the three systems of soil management: Conventional management (MC) with two gradations (one heavy and one light); minimum management (MM) with light harrowing; and direct seeding (SD). As a subplot: two layers of soil (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) and two seasons, being at 42 and 97 days after sowing (DAS) of wheat. The soil physical attributes evaluated were: macro and microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to penetration. The yield of wheat crop was also evaluated. For the effects of MC, MM and SD, of the soil layers and DAS in the parameters macroporosity, microporosity and total soil porosity the MC and MM provided higher values ​​of macroporosity and microporosity decrease at 42 DAS. The macroporosity was higher in the layer up to 10 cm and the microporosity in the 20 cm layer at both the 42 and the 97 DAS. The aeration capacity of the soil followed in ascending order in the management systems SD

The present work aimed to evaluate the correlation of the agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes grown for seven years in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as an aid for the indirect selection of genotypes. The data were obtained from experiments conducted in the period from 2009 to 2017, in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, using different sunflower genotypes. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the following agronomic characteristics: Initial flowering (IF), physiological maturation (PM), plant height (PH), thousand achene weight (TAW), achene yield (AY), oil content (OC) and oil yield (OY). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.75*) was observed between IF and AY, and a moderately strong positive correlation (r = 0.67*) between PM and AY. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.51*) between TAW and OC, as well as between plant height and achene yield (r = -0.32*) and oil yield (r = -0.34*). Late-cycle genotypes showed a positive correlation with achene yield and oil yield. Smaller plants favor productive parameters. Further studies and the anticipation of the crop sowing season in the second crop are suggested due to the local edaphoclimatic conditions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of spores and the mycorrhizal root colonization in a Cerrado soil (Red-Yellow Latosol) cultivated with different sunflower genotypes. The sampling of the rhizospheric soil was performed at three growth stages: Sowing, flowering, and harvest. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks with four replications. Three different sunflower hybrids were tested in the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. The collected data comprised the total number of spores per 50 g of soil at the three growth stages, along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization. It was verified that the mycorrhizal colonization was not influenced by the sunflower genotypes, and the mean spore densities were equivalent to 4.94 and 4.64 g soil-1 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. More importantly, AMF colonization was enhanced by lower soil phosphorus levels. The maximum spore production was obtained at flowering, with mycorrhizal colonization rates ranging from 21 to 28% and from 28 to 48% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The number of spores also varied from 153 to 342 and from 147 to 320 in 2009 and 2010, respectively.

The present work had the objective of quantifying corn grain losses in road transportation along a section of highway BR 163 in the state of Mato Grosso. The survey was done in July and August of 2016 in the section between the Imigrantes Highway, within the city of Cuiabá - MT, and the municipality of Nova Mutum – MT. This stretch is considered to be the one with the highest flow of grain loads in the state of Mato Grosso. Twenty one collect points were established along the stretch, with a distance of 10 km from one point to the other, at each collect point 3 areas of 1 m² were delimited with the aid of a fixed frame of wood with the same area, in a distance of 1.3 m from the highway margin, in the north-south direction, which is the direction of the grain flow. The samples were placed in identified plastic bags and taken to the laboratory for separation and weighing. The points of the biggest grain losses were points 06 and 12 of the section, where it was verified pavement in poor quality with much road surfacing, and the points of lower losses were collected in the top quality asphalt range.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the contact of Brachiaria seeds with the fertilizer 05-25-15 on the sanitary quality of the seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a (2x5) factorial design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five contact times (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) of the fertilizer with seeds of ruziziensis grass and marandu grass. After the contact times of the Brachiaria seeds with the fertilizer, the seeds from each species were separated and the following analyses were performed: water content, germination, seed health ("Blotter Test"), and accelerated aging, with later germination test and sanitary analysis of seeds. Data were analysed for variance and regression analysis at the significance level of 5% and descriptive analysis was used for the results of the sanitary analysis. The contact time reduces the incidence of pathogens in the seeds of ruziziensis grass and marandu grass treated with the fertilizer due to the salinity and acid pH of the fertilizer. The fungi related to the reduction in germination were Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. The disinfestation process increased the incidence of Fusarium sp., under high internal infestation of this fungus in palisadegrass seeds.

The objective of this study was to verify levels of shade and doses of earthworm humus in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four levels of shade and five doses of humus). The different levels were obtained using black polyethylene screen with 35, 50 and 70% shade and in full sun. The substrates were obtained by mixing commercial substrate for vegetables (Vivatto Slim ® plus), with earthworm humus in the proportions of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. There was no seedlings emergence in the full sun and, the treatment with 50% of shade allows the best development. The substrate without humus and with 60% presented superior results but the higher dose stood out for number of leaves (3.14) and chlorophyll content (32.9%), in 50% of shade. For the other variables, there was no difference between the commercial substrate and 60% of humus, so the commercial substrate can be used in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings, considering the ratio benefit/cost ratio. Resumen El trabajo se realizó en la Universidad Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil, con el objeto de evaluar diferentes niveles de sombreado y dosis de humus en la producción de plántulas de Lactuca canadensis L. (lechuga silvestre). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar en esquema factorial 4 x 5 (cuatro niveles de sombreado y cinco dosis de humus). Los diferentes niveles de sombreado fueron obtenidos utilizando tela negra de polietileno con 35, 50 y 70% de sombra y más un tratamiento testigo (pleno sol). Los sustratos fueron obtenidos por la mezcla del producto comercial para hortalizas (Vivatto Slim® plus) más humus de lombriz en las proporciones de 0, 15, 30, 45 y 60%. En contraste con el tratamiento testigo, con sombra de 50% se encontró la mejor emergencia y desarrollo de plántulas. Tanto el sustrato sin adición de humus como con 60% de éste, presentaron el mayor número de hojas (3.14) y contenido de clorofila (32.9%). Con base en la relación beneficio/costo, el sustrato comercial puro puede ser utilizado en la producción de plántulas de Lactuca canadensis L.

This work aimed to relate the bromatological characteristics of four cowpea cultivars to the preference and development of Callosobruchus maculatus. For this, oviposition preference, choice and no-choice tests were performed in four cowpea genotypes: Bico de Ouro, BRS Novaera, BRS Guariba and BRS Tumucumaque. In the no-choice test were determined: viability of eggs, duration of the immature stage, biological cycle, viability of the immature stage, population growth rate, weight per insect, biomass consumption and consumption per insect. As to the chemical composition, the seeds were characterized concerning the crude protein content, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and organic matter. In the evaluation, there were significant differences within the genotypes, except for the viability of eggs and consumption per insect. The BRS Novaera genotype presented antixenosis resistance to C. maculatus, whereas the Bico de Ouro, BRS Guariba and BRS Tumucumaque genotypes revealed to be susceptible. The chemical composition of the seeds affects the development of C. maculatus, and the crude protein and ash contents of the seeds without integument present a positive influence over the insect development.

This study aimed to evaluated different methodologies and water potentials for priming of maize seeds, in order to increase vigor. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four water potentials (0.0, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa), three priming methods (immersion in non-aerated solution, immersion in aerated solution, paper roll) and a control. After priming, the seeds were dried and evaluated for water content, percentage and first germination count, seedlings length and dry mass, cold test and vigor index. The water potential recommended for priming maize seeds, in polyethylene glycol 6000 is -0.4 MPa for 24 hours. The priming procedures in towel paper rolls improve the quality of maize seeds. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes metodologias e potenciais hídricos para o condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de milho, visando o aumento no vigor. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial diferenciado 4x3+1, com quatro potenciais hídricos (0,0, -0,4, -0,8 e -1,2 MPa), três métodos de condicionamento (imersão em solução não aerada, imersão em solução aerada e rolo de papel) mais a testemunha. Após o condicionamento fisiológico as sementes foram secas e avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, porcentagem e primeira contagem da germinação, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas, teste de frio e índice de vigor. O potencial hídrico recomendado para o condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de milho, em polietilenoglicol 6000 é de -0,4 MPa por 24 horas. O condicionamento em rolo de papel 'germitest' eleva a qualidade de sementes de milho.

Como os custos de transportes representam uma dos mais relevantes elementos da competitividade das economias regionais, com adoção da Pesquisa Operacional (Método Simplex), posteriormente comparados entre si, estimam-se valores que minimizam esses custos ao longo dos principais itinerários usados pelos exportadores de algodão em pluma até os Portos de Santos (SP) e Paranaguá (PR) das duas unidades federativas do Brasil que atualmente mais se destacam na produção e na exportação desse bem: Mato Grosso e Bahia. Os resultados estimados revelam que a exportação com origem na Bahia apresenta maior vantagem competitiva nesse contraste em decorrência dos menores custos incorridos pelos cotonicultores localizados nessa unidade.

The production of L. canadensis seedlings at levels of shading and doses of bovine manure added to the substrate was evaluated. The 3 x 5 factorial design tested three levels of shading 35, 50 and 70% and five doses of manure 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. It was evaluated the percentage of emergence and survival, mean time of emergence, shoot and root length, ratio between shoot length and largest root, dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, neck diameter, total chlorophyll content and Dickson quality index. The shading of 50 and 70% favored germination and emergence, however for the development of L. canadensis the shading at 35 and 50% was more efficient. The increase in manure to the substrate gave better growth of the seedlings, in which, the addition of 60% was superior to the other doses

This study aimed to evaluate the plant growth regulator application, in different doses, on priming, with and without water restriction, in corn seeds. Evaluations were carried out in two periods (0 to 30 days of storage), with treatments consisting of seeds primed in water (0.0 MPa) and polyethylene glycol 6000 solution (-0.4 MPa), with or without plant growth regulator added in different doses, plus a control group. The amount of plant growth regulator was standardized by the gibberellic acid concentration in the commercial product, adopting the doses zero, 1, 2 and 3 mg of gibberellic acid. L-1 solution. After priming, the seeds were dried in an oven with forced air circulation for nine hours, and evaluated for water content, percentage and first count of germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings and non-germinated seeds, cold test, seedling length and dry weight and vigor index. Priming with water restriction -0.4 MPa, in solution of polyethylene glycol 6000, improves the vigor; however, the addition of plant growth regulator in priming does not provide increase in corn seeds quality. Corn priming in water, regardless the addition of plant growth regulator, reduces the ability of the seeds to withstand storage. Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de regulador vegetal em diferentes doses via condicionamento fisiológico, com e sem restrição hídrica, em sementes de milho. Foram realizadas avaliações em dois períodos (0 e 30 dias de armazenamento), sendo os tratamentos compostos por sementes condicionadas em água (0,0 MPa) e em solução de polietilenoglicol 6000 (-0,4 MPa), com ou sem adição de regulador vegetal em diferentes doses, mais o controle. A quantidade de regulador vegetal foi padronizada pela concentração de ácido giberélico no produto comercial, adotando as doses zero, 1, 2 e 3 mg ácido giberélico. L-1 solução. Após o condicionamento as sementes foram secas em estufa, por nove horas, e avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, porcentagem e primeira contagem da germinação, porcentagem de plântulas anormais e sementes não germinadas, teste de frio, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas e índice de vigor. O condicionamento fisiológico com restrição hídrica -0,4 MPa, em solução de polietilenoglicol 6000, melhora o vigor, entretanto, a adição de regulador vegetal no condicionamento fisiológico não proporciona aumento na qualidade das sementes de milho. O condicionamento de milho em água, independente da adição de regulador vegetal, reduz a capacidade das sementes resistir ao armazenamento.

Objetivou-se comparar a similaridade qualitativa das caracteristicas fenotipicas de plantas de alface cv. Marisa, desenvolvidas a partir de lotes de sementes produzidas nos Estados Unidos da America (EUA) e no Chile. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (lotes de sementes provenientes dos EUA – Lote 1 e Chile – Lote 2) e seis repeticoes, sendo cada unidade experimental constituida por uma parcela de 3,0 x 1,2 m (3,6 m²) e a area util para avaliacao composta de 10 plantas de alface, excluindo-se as primeiras e as ultimas plantas de cada linha de cultivo.Avaliou-se nas mudas, 26 dias apos a semeadura, o numero de folhas; comprimento da maior raiz (cm); massa da materia seca da parte aerea (MS aerea) e das raizes (MS raizes) (g). No ponto de colheita, antes do corte das plantas, avaliou-se o diâmetro e a altura (cm) e; apos a colheita, avaliou-se a massa da materia fresca total da parte aerea (g planta -1 ); a massa da materia fresca comercial (g planta -1 ); o numero de folhas comerciais, contando-se aquelas maiores que 3 cm de comprimento, iniciando-se pelas folhas basais ate a ultima folha aberta; a massa da materia fresca do caule (g) e; o comprimento do caule (cm), apos a retirada das folhas. Verificou-se diferenca nas caracteristicas agronomicas avaliadas na fase de producao de mudas e no ponto de colheita, destacando-se aquelas provenientes de sementes dos EUA. DOI: 10.12957/ric.2015.19093