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Owing to their remarkable and adjustable optoelectronic properties, halide perovskites (HPs) have been regarded as a class of promising materials for various optoelectronic applications based on different energy conversion reactions, including photovoltaic cell, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. However, the low stability of HPs upon exposure to ambient conditions (e.g., water, heat, light, electricity) greatly hinders the practical applications of HPs. In the past few years, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the eventual stability of the perovskite‐based optoelectronic systems, mainly focusing on delivering improvements in the stabilities of halide perovskite materials and the relevant operation conditions of optoelectronic systems, which deserve in‐depth and systematic summaries. In this comprehensive review, the in‐depth environment‐induced decomposition mechanisms of typical HPs are elucidated. Simultaneously, the strategies for addressing the instability issues of halide perovskite materials are critically reviewed, including dimension control, compositional engineering, ligand passivation, and encapsulation engineering. Furthermore, the photoelectric applications based on the modified HPs and operation conditions are discussed systematically. In the last part of this review, future perspectives and outlooks toward the stability of HPs and their photoelectric applications are envisaged respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundSerum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence, metastasis monitoring, and the evaluation of the effect of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few studies have focused on the role of early postoperative CEA in the prognosis of stage II CRC.MethodsPatients with stage II CRC diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2015 were included. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to obtain the cutoff value of early postoperative CEA, CEA ratio and CEA absolute value. The areas under curves (AUCs) were used to estimate the predictive abilities of the CEA and T stage. The stepwise regression method was used to screen the factors included in the Cox regression analysis. Before and after propensity score (PS) - adjusted Cox regression and sensitivity analysis were used to identify the relationship between early postoperative CEA and prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed to verify the results. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate the effects of CEA on prognosis.ResultsWe included 1081 eligible patients. ROC curves suggested that the cutoff value of early postoperative CEA was 3.66 ng/ml (P 0.05). Patients with a CEA ratio ≤0.55 or CEA absolute value ≤-0.98 had a worse prognosis (all P-values were < 0.001). Survival analysis suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II CRC patients with elevated early postoperative CEA may improve the CSS (P = 0.040).ConclusionsEarly postoperative CEA was a better biomarker for prognosis of stage II CRC patients than T stage and preoperative CEA, and has the potential to become a high-risk factor to guide the prognosis and treatment of stage II CRC patients.

X‐ray radiography, playing a crucial role in the daily life of humans, extends the application landscapes of perovskites. Lead halide perovskites remain superior candidates because of strong X‐ray absorption and effective conversion of X‐ray to visible photons. Unfortunately, the perovskites exhibiting efficient band‐edge emission (3D, quasi‐2D or 2D) usually suffer from severe self‐absorption, while the perovskites showing broadband emission with large Stokes shift (0D, 1D or 2D) usually have low quantum yield, long afterglow or poor solution‐processability. Halide‐intercalated perovskites, with incorporated halides in organic layers, exhibit attractive optoelectronic properties due to reduced confinement of excitons, but their development falls far behind due to limited molecular design strategies and wet‐chemistry methods. Here, the use of universal‐wet‐chemistry‐synthesized novel halide‐intercalated perovskites as an efficient X‐ray scintillator for X‐ray imaging is reported. These novel perovskites exhibit superior luminescence by exploiting both free and self‐trapped excitons via halide intercalation. Accordingly, such perovskite scintillators present higher radioluminescence performance compared with conventional perovskite scintillators through enhanced radiative recombination and suppressed self‐absorption simultaneously. With such a scintillator screen, high‐performance X‐ray imaging is demonstrated. The results not only represent a universal synthesis route for the development of perovskites, but also provide valuable guidance for high‐performance X‐ray radiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p–n Junctions have been widely used in the construction of high-performance TiO2 ultraviolet photoelectric detector devices, especially NiO/TiO2 heterostructures. In this work, two devices with different structures were constructed to investigate the effects of the growth of NiO above (S-TN) and below (D-NT) the TiO2 array on the device performance, and the D-NT device showed better performance. The D-NT device exhibited a lower dark current, with a decrease of approximately an order of magnitude compared with S-TN PD and TiO2 nanoarray (NA) PDs. The D-NT heterojunction device demonstrated a large on–off ratio of 5.4 × 104, a high detection sensitivity of 1.44 × 1014 Jones, and a fast photoresponse time of 2 s under UV light illumination. Interestingly, the D-NT device also displayed self-powered performance, and its photoresponse time was 0.1 s. The dense and uniform NiO film deposited on the FTO substrate not only forms a built-in potential field with the TiO2 NAs, but it also provides greater uniformity and stability to this built-in potential field compared to a NiO layer spin-coated on TiO2 NAs, which may be the main reason for the high performance of the D-NT photodetector. The device in which NiO was grown below the TiO2 array provides a fundamental basis for the future development of all-solid-state photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Peripheral blood cell counts could reflect the extent of systemic inflammation and are readily available in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to construct a novel prognostic inflammatory index (PII) by integrating the blood cell counts associated with prognosis and to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of PII in two independent CRC cohorts. Multivariate Cox analyses in the training cohort of 4154 CRC patients indicated that high OS-PII (>4.27) and high DFS-PII (>4.47) were significantly associated with worse OS (HR: 1.330, p < 0.001) and worse DFS (HR: 1.366, p < 0.001), which has been validated in the external validation cohort of 5161 patients. Both OS-PII and DFS-PII have a stable prognostic performance at various follow-up times, and the nomograms based on OS-PII and DFS-PII achieved good accuracy in personalized survival prediction of patients with CRC. Host inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression and its status can be indicated by peripheral blood cell counts. We aimed to construct a comprehensively prognostic inflammatory index (PII) based on preoperative peripheral blood cell counts and further evaluate its prognostic value for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 9315 patients with stage II and III CRC from training and external validation cohorts were included. The PII was constructed by integrating all the peripheral blood cell counts associated with prognosis in the training cohort. Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PII and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In the training cohort, multivariate Cox analyses indicated that high OS-PII (>4.27) was significantly associated with worse OS (HR: 1.330, 95% CI: 1.189–1.489, p < 0.001); and high DFS-PII (>4.47) was significantly associated with worse DFS (HR: 1.366, 95% CI: 1.206–1.548, p < 0.001). The prognostic values of both OS-PII and DFS-PII were validated in the external validation cohort. The nomograms achieved good accuracy in predicting both OS and DFS. Time-dependent ROC analyses showed that both OS-PII and DFS-PII have a stable prognostic performance at various follow-up times. The prognostic value of tumor-node-metastasis staging could be enhanced by combining it with either OS-PII or DFS-PII. We demonstrated that PIIs are independent prognostic predictors for CRC patients, and the nomograms based on PIIs can be recommended for personalized survival prediction of patients with CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]