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Background: The existing literature contains no information regarding inflammatory cytokine expression in unilateral acute primary angle-closure (APAC) affected eyes and fellow eyes with primary angle closure suspect (PACS). To measure levels of various inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor (AH) of APAC affected eyes and fellow eyes with a diagnosis of PACS (18 unilateral APAC eyes and 18 fellow eyes with PACS), and determine the underlying correlation between them.Methods: The total levels of 12 cytokines including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) etc. were assessed using the multiplex bead immunoassay technique. The level of cytokines in different groups was analyzed by a 2-related-samples nonparametric test. Data on patient demographics, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, as well as several ocular biological parameters were also collected for correlation analysis.Results: The APAC patients had significantly higher levels of G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MCP-3, MDC, MIP-1β, and VEGF in the AH samples from unilateral APAC affected eyes than in fellow eyes with PACS (all P < 0.05). The cytokines showed positive correlations between each other (P < 0.0071).Conclusions: Cytokine networks in the AH may have critical roles in the progression of APAC. Thus, different cytokine expression in both eyes of the same patient may help us to understand the different pathology in APAC and PACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To report the thickness of the retina, retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-related layers, and choroid in healthy subjects using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).Methods: One hundred and forty-six healthy volunteers were consecutively recruited for this prospective observational study. Thickness of retina, RGC-related layers, and choroid in the standard early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grid were automatically measured using one SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1, Topcon, Japan). The IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) was used to measure axial length (AL).Results: Thicknesses of the average macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) were 105.3±9.7 and 78.5±6.2 um respectively. Neither of them was significantly related with sex, age, or AL. Both showed strong correlations with retinal thickness (r=0.793, p=0.000; r=0.813, p=0.000, respectively) and with similar topographic distributions within the retina. The thicknesses of retina and GCC/GCIPL in the inner sectors were significantly higher than in the outer sectors of the EDTRS area, while in the same region of the macula, the choroid exhibited completely different patterns of topographic variation. Men had 7.8 um thicker retina and 34.9 um thicker choroid than women after adjustment for age and AL (all p<0.05). Age and AL could significantly influence the choroidal thickness but not the retina (all p<0.05).Conclusion: Thickness of GCC/GCIPL in healthy Chinese individuals is not dramatically different across gender, age, and AL groups in terms of ETDRS grid, but sex is critical for retinal and choroidal thickness. Choroidal structure (but not retinal) can be significantly influenced by age and AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoS 2 has attracted tremendous attention as an anode for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) owing to its high specific capacity and layered graphite-like structure. Herein, MoS 2 is converted to a ternary MoS 2- x Se x alloy through the selenizing process in order to boost the electrochemical performance for Na-ion batteries. Conversion of MoS 2 to MoS 2- x Se x expands interlayer spacing, improves electronic conductivity, and creates more defects. The expanded interlayer spacing decreases Na + diffusion resistance and facilitates Na + fast transfer. The integrated graphene as a conductive network offers effective pathway for electron migration and maintains structural stability of electrodes during cycles. The ternary MoS 1.2 Se 0.8 /graphene (MoS 1.2 Se 0.8 /G) electrode demonstrates an extremely high reversible capacity of 509 mA h g -1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 (capacity retention of 109%) as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. Even at 2 A g -1 and after 700 cycles, the MoS 1.2 Se 0.8 /G electrode also displays a relatively high reversible capacity of 178 mA h g -1 . Full cells assembled with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 cathodes and MoS 1.2 Se 0.8 /G anodes reveal high charge/discharge capacities. This work demonstrates that the ternary MoS 2- x Se x alloy could be a potential anode material for Na-ion storage.

Developing a high-performance anode with high reversible capacity, rate performance, and great cycling stability is highly important for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). MoS 2 has attracted extensive interest as the anode for SIBs. Herein, the vertically oxygen-incorporated MoS 2 nanosheets/carbon fibers are constructed via a facile hydrothermal method and then by simple calcination in air. Oxygen incorporation into MoS 2 can increase the defect degree and expand the interlayer spacing. Vertical MoS 2 nanosheet array coated on carbon fibers not only can expose rich active sites and reduce the diffusion distance of Na + , but also improve the electronic conductivity and enhance structural stability. Meanwhile, interlayer-expanded MoS 2 can decrease Na + diffusion resistance and increase accessible active sites for Na + . In this work, the electrode combining the oxygen-incorporated strategy with vertical MoS 2 nanosheet-integrated carbon fibers displays high specific capacities of 330 mAh g -1 over 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g -1 together with excellent rate behavior as the anode for SIBs. This strategy offers a helpful way for improving the electrochemical performance.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification in the management of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)., Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in 88 chronic PACG patients (97 eyes) who were divided into three groups following defined indications to receive different surgical interventions. The indications and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The mean follow-up was (17.7 +/- 4.9) months., Results: Success rate in trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification group was 81.08%, 78.57% per hundred and 81.25% per hundred, respectively. The anterior chamber depth was deeper and the angle was wider postoperatively vs. preoperatively both in phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification group. No obvious changes were seen in trabeculectomy group. The coefficient of outflow facility of aqueous humor (C values) significantly increased in three groups postoperatively (P < 0.01). No severe intraoperative complications were found and the incidence of postoperative complications was low. Five eyes sustained hypotony 3 +/- 1.87 months in trabeculectomy group and 1 eye happened malignant glaucoma in phacotrabeculectomy group. The visual acuity in patients with phacotrabeculectomy plus intraocular lens implantation and those only with phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation were improved 78.57% and 93.74%, respectively. No significant improvement was found in trabeculectomy group (chi2 = 47.10, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Three surgical interventions were beneficial to manage PACG and with co-existing cataract. The indication choosing was suggested according to visual acuity, angle closure circumference, cataract, medication requirements and optic nerve damage. Phacotrabeculectomy was recommended for angle closed > or =180 degrees circumference while phacoemulsification for angle closed <180 degrees.