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Simple Summary: Liriomyza trifolii is an invasive, highly devastating pest of horticultural and vegetable plants that causes significant outbreaks due to its thermotolerance and insecticide resistance. This study investigated the impact of long-term abamectin resistance on L. trifolii's population dynamics and thermal tolerance. We compared abamectin-resistant (AB-R) and susceptible (S) strains using various parameters, including life table analysis, thermal preference, critical thermal maximum, heat knockdown times, eclosion and survival rates, and heat shock protein expression. Although long-term selection for abamectin resistance was detrimental to survival and reproduction, it activated self-defense mechanisms and rapid adaptive adjustments and conferred modest thermal tolerance, which suggests a dual nature of insecticide effects. These findings underscore the importance of considering temperature in insecticide application in the context of global climate change and provide insights into adaptive evolution to multiple environmental pressures. Liriomyza trifolii is a significant invasive pest that targets horticultural and vegetable crops, causing large-scale outbreaks characterized by pronounced thermotolerance and insecticide resistance. This study examined the impact of long-term selection for abamectin resistance during the larval stage of L. trifolii on its population dynamics and thermal tolerance. We conducted a comprehensive comparison between the abamectin-resistant strain (AB-R) and the susceptible strain (S), including age-stage, two-sex life table analysis, thermal preference (Tpref), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), heat knockdown times (HKDTs), eclosion and survival rates, and LtHsp expression under heat stress. Our results showed that while selection for abamectin resistance was detrimental to survival and reproduction, it activated self-defense mechanisms and rapid adaptive adjustments and conferred modest thermal tolerance, which suggests a dual nature of insecticide effects. The AB-R strain exhibited significantly higher thermal preference and CTmax values, along with a longer HKDT and improved survival. Additionally, there was a significant upregulation of LtHsp expression in the AB-R strain compared to the S strain. These findings indicate that the evolution of thermal adaptation was accompanied by abamectin resistance development, emphasizing the necessity of considering temperature effects when applying chemical control. Our study provides valuable insights into how physiological acclimation may help mitigate the toxic effects of insecticides and illustrate how insects respond to multiple environmental pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the Neoperla clymene group (Plecoptera, Perlidae), N. chebalinga sp. n. from Guangdong Province of southern China is described, illustrated, and compared with related taxa. The new species is characterized by the slender aedeagal tube, strongly sclerotized dorsally, and weakly sclerotized ventrally with an upcurved, medial, finger-like membranous lobe. Additionally the aedeagal sac gradually tapers to a blunt apex with a dorsoapical patch of spines. A supplementary description of the female of N. mnong Stark, 1987 from Guangdong Province, China is also given.

Two new species of the genus Amphinemura Ris from China are described and illustrated, i.e. A. annulata Du & Ji, sp. n. from Zhejiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Guizhou Province, and A. lingulata Du & Wang, sp.n. from Shaanxi and Sichuan Province. A. annulata is similar to A. tricintusidens Wang & Zhu inan apical cavity of the epiproct, but the epiproct ventral sclerite and the median paraproct lobe of the two species are different. A. lingulata is related to A. didyma Zhu & Yang inthe similar epiproct, but they differ mostly in paraproct median and outer lobes.

Two new species of Rhopalopsole Klapálek from China are described: R. exiguspina Du & Qian, sp. n. and R. ampulla Du & Qian, sp. n., which were collected in Guizhou province, China.