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24. Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata (Brassicaceae), an endemic alpine plant in the Hengduan mountains.

Author

Du, Zhi-Qiang, Xing, Yao-Wu, and Han, Ting-Shen

Subjects
GENOTYPE-environment interaction, MOUNTAIN plants, ENDEMIC plants, CLIMATE change, ORNAMENTAL plants, PHENOTYPIC plasticity
Abstract

Global climate change poses a severe threat to mountain biodiversity. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are two common strategies for alpine plant to cope with such change. They may facilitate organismal adaptation to contrasting environments, depending on the influences of the environment or genotype or their interacted effects. In this study, we use an endemic alpine plant (Rorippa elata) in the Hengduan mountains (HDM) to unravel its phenotypic basis of adaptation strategy and evaluate the relative contributions of environment and genotype to its phenotype. We transplanted 37 genotypes of R. elata into two common gardens across low and high elevations (2800 vs. 3800 m) during 2021–2022. Nine fitness-related traits were measured, including flowering probability and glucosinolates (GS) content. We estimated the environmental or genotypic contributions to the phenotype and identified the main environmental components. Our results revealed that both environment and genotype-by-environment interactions contributed to the phenotypes of R. elata. Latitudinal heterogeneity was identified as a key factor that explained 24% of the total phenotypic variation. In particular, genotypes of the northern HDM showed significantly higher plasticity in flowering probability than those of the southern HDM. Furthermore, within the southern HDM, GS content indicated local adaptation to herbivory stresses for R. elata genotypes along elevations. In conclusion, our results suggest that R. elata may have adapted to the alpine environment through species-level plasticity or regional-level local adaptation. These processes were shaped by either complex topography or interactions between genotype and mountain environments. Our study provides empirical evidence on the adaptation of alpine plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Advances in the discovery of genetic elements underlying longissimus dorsi muscle growth and development in the pig.

Author

Zeng, Qingjie and Du, Zhi‐Qiang

Subjects
*MUSCLE growth, *LOCUS (Genetics), *FUNCTIONAL genomics, *GENOME-wide association studies, *ERECTOR spinae muscles, *SWINE, *ANIMAL carcasses
Abstract

As a major source of protein in human diets, pig meat plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security. Key determinants of meat production refer to the chemical and physical compositions or characteristics of muscle fibers, such as the number, hypertrophy potential, fiber‐type conversion and intramuscular fat deposition. However, the growth and formation of muscle fibers comprises a complex process under spatio‐temporal regulation, that is, the intermingled and concomitant proliferation, differentiation, migration and fusion of myoblasts. Recently, with the fast and continuous development of next‐generation sequencing technology, the integration of quantitative trait loci mapping with genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) has greatly helped animal geneticists to discover and explore thousands of functional or causal genetic elements underlying muscle growth and development. However, owing to the underlying complex molecular mechanisms, challenges to in‐depth understanding and utilization remain, and the cost of large‐scale sequencing, which requires integrated analyses of high‐throughput omics data, is high. In this review, we mainly elaborate on research advances in integrative analyses (e.g. GWAS, omics) for identifying functional genes or genomic elements for longissimus dorsi muscle growth and development for different pig breeds, describing several successful transcriptome analyses and functional genomics cases, in an attempt to provide some perspective on the future functional annotation of genetic elements for muscle growth and development in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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