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The aim of the research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Pulsatillae Decoction (PD), the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, E-selectin, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) secreted by cultured rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were determined after treatment with its active ingredients, namely anemoside B4, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, aesculin, and esculetin. RIMECs were challenged with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, and then treated with each of the seven ingredients at three concentrations (1, 5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h. The results revealed that anemonin, aesculin and esculetin inhibited the production of IL-6, aesculin and esculetin inhibited the secretion of IL-8, anemoside B4, berberine and jatrorrhizine downregulated E-selectin expression, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine decreased the content of TXB2. All these changes were significant. Taken together, the data suggest that all seven active ingredients of PD can effectively reduce inflammatory response, thus relieving intestinal dysfunction via multiple pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine, Pulsatilla decoction (PD), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) secreted by cultured rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were determined after treatment with PD and its seven active ingredients, namely anemoside B4, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, aesculin, and esculetin. RIMECs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 µg ml−1 for 3 h and then treated with PD at 1, 5, and 10 mg ml−1 and its seven ingredients at 1, 5, and 10 µg ml−1 for 21 h, respectively. The results revealed that PD, anemonin, berberine, and esculetin inhibited the production of NO; PD, anemonin, and esculetin inhibited the secretion of ET-1; PD, anemoside B4, berberine, jatrorrhizine, and aesculin downregulated TNF- α expression; PD, anemoside B4, berberine, and palmatine decreased the content of IL-1 α. It showed that PD and its active ingredients could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO, ET-1, TNF- α, and IL-1 α in LPS-induced RIMECs and suggested they would reduce inflammatory response via these cytokines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine, Pulsatilla decoction (PD), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) secreted by cultured rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were determined after treatment with PD and its seven active ingredients, namely anemoside B(4), anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, aesculin, and esculetin. RIMECs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 microg ml(-1) for 3 h and then treated with PD at 1, 5, and 10 mg ml(-1) and its seven ingredients at 1, 5, and 10 microg ml(-1) for 21 h, respectively. The results revealed that PD, anemonin, berberine, and esculetin inhibited the production of NO; PD, anemonin, and esculetin inhibited the secretion of ET-1; PD, anemoside B(4), berberine, jatrorrhizine, and aesculin downregulated TNF-alpha expression; PD, anemoside B(4), berberine, and palmatine decreased the content of IL-1 alpha. It showed that PD and its active ingredients could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO, ET-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 alpha in LPS-induced RIMECs and suggested they would reduce inflammatory response via these cytokines., ((c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The aim of the research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Pulsatillae Decoction (PD), the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, E-selectin, and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) secreted by cultured rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were determined after treatment with its active ingredients, namely anemoside B4, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, aesculin, and esculetin. RIMECs were challenged with 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, and then treated with each of the seven ingredients at three concentrations (1, 5 and 10 microg/mL) for 24 h. The results revealed that anemonin, aesculin and esculetin inhibited the production of IL-6, aesculin and esculetin inhibited the secretion of IL-8, anemoside B4, berberine and jatrorrhizine downregulated E-selectin expression, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine decreased the content of TXB(2). All these changes were significant. Taken together, the data suggest that all seven active ingredients of PD can effectively reduce inflammatory response, thus relieving intestinal dysfunction via multiple pathways.