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Background: As a phencyclidine (PCP) analog, ketamine can generate rapid‐onset and substantial anesthetic effects. Contrary to traditional anesthetics, ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and can induce loss of consciousness in patients. Recently, the subanaesthetic dose of ketamine was found to produce rapid‐onset and lasting antidepressant effects. Aim: However, how different concentrations of ketamine can induce diverse actions remains unclear. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the NMDAR‐mediated anesthetic and antidepressant effects of ketamine are not fully understood. Method: In this review, we have introduced ketamine and its metabolism, summarized recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying NMDAR inhibition in the anesthetic and antidepressant effects of ketamine, explored the possible functions of NMDAR subunits in the effects of ketamine, and discussed the future directions of ketamine‐based anesthetic and antidepressant drugs. Result: Both the anesthetic and antidepressant effects of ketamine were thought to be mediated by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition. Conclusion: The roles of NMDARs have been extensively studied in the anaesthetic effects of ketamine. However, the roles of NMDARs in antidepressant effects of ketamine are complicated and controversial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on conventional observation data, intensive observation data, the optimal path of tropical cyclone from China Meteorological Administration, reanalysis fields from ERA5 and radar \ satellite data, the causes of rainstorm in Northeastern Zhejiang province triggered by the lingering raining cloud cluster in the south after typhoon Hagupit landed and weakened northward were analyzed by using weather diagnosis method. Affected by westward of west ridge point of the middle troposphere subtropical high and convergence sinking of right side of the upper jet stream exit area on the north of typhoon, the typhoon cloud system has obvious asymmetric structure, mainly distributed in the south side. The mesoscale convective systems were triggered by the middle troposphere cold air invaded from the west of typhoon and the small-scale cloud cluster moved counterclockwise to the east of typhoon and developed retention, causing heavy precipitation in Northeastern Zhejiang Province. During the rainstorm period, the intersection area of warm and cold air (the positive MPV1 in the middle troposphere and the negative MPV2 in the lower troposphere) and the frontogenesis great value area in the middle-lower troposphere can indicate the rainstorm area. The vertical helicity can also reflect the vertical structure evolution characteristics of typhoon backward-tilt after the cold air invasion. The continuous water vapor transport of the southwest jet on the east of typhoon was beneficial to the maintenance and development of convective precipitation in Northeastern Zhejiang Province at night and the water vapor divergence area can forecast the heavy precipitation area by leading about 6h. Based on the SAL quantitative precipitation verification, the large scale models cannot predict retarded rainstorm amplification at night due to the deficiency of simulated convective precipitation evolution; the meso-micro scale models described rainstorm intensity accurately, relatively, but the great value area deviated; the cumulative precipitation forecast by ECMWF (Initial: 20:00 on the 3rd) is slightly error, which is closer than that of 08:00 on the 4th, however, the short-time rainstorm occurred 3-6 h earlier, which was bad for the forecast of such retained regional rainstorm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural non-point source pollution has emerged as a significant driver of declining global water quality in recent years. Ditch systems hold considerable promise for trapping and purifying pollutants. However, the persistent challenge has been the limited availability of carbon sources in drainage water, which significantly hinders nitrogen (N) removal in ditches. This study investigated the dynamic changes in ammonia (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) levels caused by three cellulosic carbon additions (rice straw, coir, and sawdust) during both winter and summer seasons. Water column devices were used as containers, and the impacts on environmental factors and water denitrification rates were explored. Results demonstrated that the addition of straw exhibited the most effective N removal in winter and summer, and significantly enhanced water denitrification rates in a short timeframe, with the maximum denitrification rate reaching 1482.42 μmol·L−1·h−1. However, there was an observed accumulation of NH4-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in summer. Also, the addition of sawdust resulted in a notable increase in greenhouse gas emissions during the summer test. In conclusion, during the cooler seasons of winter and spring when temperatures are not as high, the combined use of various cellulosic carbon sources has the potential to enhance water denitrification and mitigate adverse environmental impacts, offering valuable applications for water quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence for microbial biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been reported, but little is known about the PET biodegradation process and molecular mechanism by marine microorganisms. Here, we show the biodegradation of PET by the membrane-anchored PET esterase from the marine bacterium Rhodococcus pyridinivorans P23, elucidate the properties of this enzyme, and propose the PET biodegradation by this strain in biofilm. We identify the PET-degrading enzyme dubbed PET esterase through activity tracking. In addition to depolymerizing PET, it hydrolyzes MHET into TPA under acid conditions. We prove that it is a low and constitutively transcribed, membrane-anchored protein displayed on the cell surface. Furthermore, we also investigate the microbial groups possessing PET esterase coupled with the TPA degradation pathway, mainly in the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota. Clarification of the microbial PET biodegradation in the marine environment will contribute to the understanding of bioremediation of marine PET pollution. A PET-degrading bacterium forming biofilms on PET surfaces was isolated from marine deep-sea sediment. The PET esterase localized at the cell surface was constitutively produced and also slowly degrading MHET to TPA under acidic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2) can collect earth surface elevation data with high precision on a global scale. However, the collected photon data contains a large amount of background noise due to the influence of sunlight, cloud reflection, and other factors. For photon data of different scenes, how to effectively denoise and achieve accurate classification of photon point clouds is crucial for subsequent applications. This study proposes a random forest based method for denoising and classifying ICESat-2 photon data in urban areas by fusing spectral features from Sentinel-2 images and spatial distribution features from photon data. The experimental results show that the method can effectively identify various types of photons. Compared with the reference data, the overall accuracy of photon denoising and classification is 95.97% on average, and the average kappa coefficient is 94.18%. Further analysis demonstrates that the addition of sentinel-2 spectral information can effectively improve the classification accuracy of photon point clouds in urban areas, and the photon classification method of combining photon lidar data and optical images can be a promising solution to improve classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complication of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and other drugs in cancer treatment has attracted much focus, but is limitedly investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the role of ATO combined with canstatin in HCC. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ATO with or without canstatin, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, Transwell assays were conducted to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, and invasion abilities. Besides, the protein expression or mRNA level of caspase‐3, PCNA, and MMP‐2 was measured using western blotting or qRT‐PCR. BALB/c‐nu/nu mice were used to establish nude mouse transplantation tumor model, and received ATO or canstatin treatment for 3 weeks. The results showed that ATO inhibited cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis with a concentration‐dependent way. Canstatin had a significantly inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, but had limited effects on the other cellular behaviors. Besides, combination with ATO and canstatin strengthened the effects of ATO alone on cell proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis promotion. Moreover, both of ATO and canstatin increased the protein expression of caspase‐3, while decreased PCNA and MMP‐2, which was further strengthened upon their combination. Furthermore, both of ATO and canstatin inhibited tumor growth in vivo, which was also strengthened upon their combination. Collectively, we found that combined canstatin and ATO significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and adhesion abilities, and promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth, thus suppressed the progression of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the principles of chemical thermodynamics, the catalytic activation of small molecules (like N2 in air and CO2 in flue gas) generally exhibits a negative activity dependence on O2 owning to the competitive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, some catalysts can show positive activity dependence for N2 electrofixation, an important route to produce ammonia under ambient condition. Here we report that the positive activity dependence on O2 of (Ni0.20Co0.20Fe0.20Mn0.19Mo0.21)3S4 catalyst arises from high‐entropy mechanism. Through experimental and theoretical studies, we demonstrate that under the reaction condition in the mixed N2/O2, the adsorption of O2 on high‐entropy catalyst contributes to activating N2 molecules characteristic of elongated N≡N bond lengths. As comparison to the low‐ and medium‐entropy counterparts, high entropy can play the second role of attenuating competitive ORR by displaying a negative exponential entropy‐ORR activity relationship. Accordingly, benefiting from the O2, the system for direct air electrofixation has demonstrated an ammonia yield rate of 47.70 μg h−1 cm−2, which is even 1.5 times of pure N2 feedstock (31.92 μg h−1 cm−2), overtaking all previous reports for this reaction. We expect the present finding providing an additional dimension to high entropy that leverages systems beyond the constraint of traditional rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the principles of chemical thermodynamics, the catalytic activation of small molecules (like N2 in air and CO2 in flue gas) generally exhibits a negative activity dependence on O2 owning to the competitive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, some catalysts can show positive activity dependence for N2 electrofixation, an important route to produce ammonia under ambient condition. Here we report that the positive activity dependence on O2 of (Ni0.20Co0.20Fe0.20Mn0.19Mo0.21)3S4 catalyst arises from high‐entropy mechanism. Through experimental and theoretical studies, we demonstrate that under the reaction condition in the mixed N2/O2, the adsorption of O2 on high‐entropy catalyst contributes to activating N2 molecules characteristic of elongated N≡N bond lengths. As comparison to the low‐ and medium‐entropy counterparts, high entropy can play the second role of attenuating competitive ORR by displaying a negative exponential entropy‐ORR activity relationship. Accordingly, benefiting from the O2, the system for direct air electrofixation has demonstrated an ammonia yield rate of 47.70 μg h−1 cm−2, which is even 1.5 times of pure N2 feedstock (31.92 μg h−1 cm−2), overtaking all previous reports for this reaction. We expect the present finding providing an additional dimension to high entropy that leverages systems beyond the constraint of traditional rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantitatively analyze the correlation between carbon emissions and water consumption and identify the main driving factors. Energy consumption and water consumption data of different industries in different provinces of China were collected to calculate the water consumption per unit of carbon dioxide emissions (WCCD) and analyze the characteristics of its spatial and temporal distribution, as well as spatial correlation. The driving factors of WCCD change were quantitatively analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, WCCD values in each province gradually decreased and approached a plateau. The overall spatial distribution showed more concentration in the south and less in the north, with the North Coastal Economic Zone showing lower values. (2) The spatial correlation of WCCD values is positively correlated, that is, WCCD values have agglomeration characteristics. The WCCD values are mainly 'high-high aggregation' and 'low-low aggregation, which suggests a significant convergence trend and serious polarization. (3) Per capita GDP, per capita energy consumption, and urbanization rate showed an extremely strong correlation with WCCD, while the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP showed a strong correlation with WCCD. Per capita water resources showed a weak correlation with WCCD. The principal component analysis revealed an increasing impact of economic development on WCCD indicators. This study provides a new perspective for carbon-water relationship research and serves as a fundamental support for water-saving and emission reduction measures. • The WCCD of different industries in 30 provinces of China is analyzed. • The study found that China's WCCD showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2020. • WCCD is characterized by spatial distribution in the south and north. • The influencing factors of WCCD are analyzed. • Economic development is an important factor influencing the WCCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The binding of calmodulin (CaM) to NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) GluN1 C-terminus is required for cacium (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent inactivation of NMDAR. Previously, we found that GluN1 C-terminus translocated to nucleus, and regulated synaptic transmission. However, whether GluN1 C-terminus containing the nuclear localization signaling regulates the cellular distribution of CaM, and the CaM binding are not clear. In this study, we found that the 10 positive residues of GluN1 C-terminus determined the translocation of CaM to the nucleus. RNA sequencing data showed that CaM could regulate the genes expression of multiple cell surface membrane receptors. This was confirmed by electrophysiology data that the 10A mutation of GluN1 C-terminus increased the NMDAR/AMAPR-mediated synaptic transduction. Image 1 • GluN1-1a-ct shuttles CaM to the cellular nucleus. • CaM regulates multiple genes expression. • The GluN1 C-terminal mutant potentiates NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated synaptic transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with osimertinib, and focused on the resistance mechanism to osimertinib in a real-world setting. Data from 128 patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with osimertinib between March 2015 and November 2018 at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (Beijing, China) were retrospectively collected, and the associations between mutation types and survival were analysed. In patients treated with osimertinib, the objective response rate reached 60.9% (78/128) and the disease control rate reached 81.3% (104/128), with a median progression-free survival (PFS) time of 12.2 months. A number of complex mutations were identified in the re-analysis after the development of osimertinib resistance, including TP53, KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MYC amplifications, and mutations associated with SCLC transformation, demonstrating that these mutations may account for osimertinib resistance. The median PFS time for patients with the EGFR T790M mutation (n=41) was significantly longer than that for patients with the T790M mutation and the aforementioned complex mutations (n=13) (16.7 vs. 10.8 months; P=0.001). Patients with a single EGFR mutation (n=87) had a longer median PFS time than those with an EGFR mutation and complex mutations (n=24) (14.63 vs. 6.63 months; P<0.0001). In conclusion, the present study analysed the effects of osimertinib in patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations, particularly T790M mutations. The results indicated that the efficacy of osimertinib was weakened when patients had complex mutations, suggesting that complex mutations may be responsible for resistance to osimertinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacancy engineering is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to improve their performance, but few reports focus on phosphorus vacancies (Pv). Herein, the creation of Pv in metal phosphides and investigation of their role in alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is presented. The Pv‐modified catalyst requires a minimum onset potential of 0 mV vs. RHE, a small overpotential of 27.7 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 geometric current density and a Tafel slope of 30.88 mV dec−1, even outperforms the Pt/C benchmark (32.7 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 30.90 mV dec−1). This catalyst also displays superior stability up to 504 hours without any decay. Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations suggest Pv can weaken the hybridization of Ni 3d and P 2p orbitals, enrich the electron density of Ni and P atoms nearby Pv, and facilitate H* desorption process, contributing to outstanding HER activity and facile kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacancy engineering is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to improve their performance, but few reports focus on phosphorus vacancies (Pv). Herein, the creation of Pv in metal phosphides and investigation of their role in alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is presented. The Pv‐modified catalyst requires a minimum onset potential of 0 mV vs. RHE, a small overpotential of 27.7 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 geometric current density and a Tafel slope of 30.88 mV dec−1, even outperforms the Pt/C benchmark (32.7 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 30.90 mV dec−1). This catalyst also displays superior stability up to 504 hours without any decay. Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations suggest Pv can weaken the hybridization of Ni 3d and P 2p orbitals, enrich the electron density of Ni and P atoms nearby Pv, and facilitate H* desorption process, contributing to outstanding HER activity and facile kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) can cause severe invasive infections in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. It is an important clinical pathogen, with the recent identification of highly invasive community-acquired K. pneumoniae that produce purulent liver abscess. Herein, the frequency, clinical characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from January to October 2016 in Wenzhou, China, were examined. In the present study, 33 isolates (68.8%, 33/48) had a positive string test and were identified as hvKP. Both age and sex were associated with a positive string test (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that liver abscess (odds ratio = 10.154) was a significant risk factor for hvKP. Among the hvKP isolates, K1 was the most common capsular serotype, followed by K2 (p < 0.05). The prevalence of K1 and K2 was significantly higher in hvKP than non-hvKP isolates. The rates of virulence-associated genes, rmpA, iroB, fib, and hib, were significantly higher for hvKP than for non-hvKP (p < 0.05). In this study, kfuB, ybtA, and wcaG were associated with K1 isolates. ST23 was the predominant hvKP type, which belonged to serotype K1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that two clusters had >75% similarity and each accounted for >3 isolates. The homology of the 48 clinical isolates was diverse. In conclusion, hvKP isolates had a high frequency of virulence factors and a wide variety of homologs. These results suggest that, because of the toxicity associated with K. pneumoniae, increased clinical understanding of the disease is important to prevent larger, severe outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use MOFs material as precursor to synthesize carbon based two‐dimensional (2D) materials loaded with In2S3−In2O3 (In−S−O) nanoparticles. The In−S−O nanoparticles have exhibited Janus architecture composed of two compounds with different crystal structures that are combined in‐plane on 2D carbon material surface. The excellent properties of this in‐plane Janus material include 2D nanoarchitecture and its Janus properties formed by combining two different crystal structures. It has exhibited excellent electrochemical performances due to its abundant electrochemical active sites and large specific surface area. According to experiments, the electron transfer number of the material for two‐electron oxygen reduction is about 2.4, and the hydrogen peroxide yield is 32 mg/h cm2. In the further test of liquid flow electrolytic cell, the yield can reach up to 172 mg/h cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence, and therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying HCC CSC regulation remain largely unknown. Here we report our analysis of 97 paraffin-embedded HCC tumor specimens. We found that protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) expression correlated with liver CSC marker expression, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients. Our results further showed that PTK2 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in HCC cells. In this manner, PTK2 activates CSC traits and drives tumorigenicity in HCC cells, leading to HCC recurrence and sorafenib resistance. Moreover, PTK2 expression was negatively correlated with its level of promoter methylation. PTK2 apparently acts as an oncogene by increasing CSC traits and tumorigenicity in HCC. The present data suggest that PTK2 may be a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence, and a therapeutic target for HCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes represent a category of two‐dimensional functional nanomaterials with remarkable structural and chemical properties, which have been manipulated into different architectures for versatile applications. These manipulation processes generally take place at the interfaces between liquid, solid, and gas; and therefore, the investigation of the interfacial property of MXenes is the key. Here we show that MXenes exhibit amphiphilic behaviours at interfaces. Different from common amphiphiles, MXenes have the dual function of both colloidal and molecular activities owing to their two abrupt structural length scales: their large lateral sheet size allows for behaving like colloidal amphiphiles for creating emulsions, while their small sheet thickness allows for serving as molecular amphiphiles for dispersing solid substances. Further, such dual colloidal‐molecular amphiphility has driven MXenes to accumulate at the interfaces of water and nitrogen gas, and the assembly into thin film electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. All these findings open up enormous opportunities for processing various MXenes‐related functional materials and devices. The dual amphiphilic properties of MXenes at liquid–liquid, liquid–solid, and liquid–gas interfaces are reported. They allow for creating emulsions, dispersing solid substrates, and assembly into thin film electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A dynamic and mutualistic interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the progression and metastasis of solid tumors. Cancer immunotherapy is becoming a major treatment paradigm for a variety of cancers. Although immunotherapy, especially the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has achieved clinical success, only a minority of patients exhibits durable responses. Clinical studies directed at identifying appropriate biomarkers and immune profiles that can be used to predict immunotherapy responses are presently being conducted. Combining treatment strategies tailored to cancer‐immune interactions are designed to increase the rate of durable clinical response in patients. It is essential to establish a reasonable tumor classification strategy according to TME to improve cancer immunotherapy. In the current review, a modified classification of TME is proposed, and optimization of TME classification is needed through detailed and integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7), is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is required for mouse embryonic development. TRPM7 contains both an ion channel and an α-kinase. The channel domain comprises a nonselective cation channel with notable permeability to Mg2+ and Zn2+. Here, we report the closed state structures of the mouse TRPM7 channel domain in three different ionic conditions to overall resolutions of 3.3, 3.7, and 4.1 Ä. The structures reveal key residues for an ion binding site in the selectivity filter, with proposed partially hydrated Mg2+ ions occupying the center of the conduction pore. In high [Mg2+], a prominent external disulfide bond is found in the pore helix, which is essential for ion channel function. Our results provide a structural framework for understanding the TRPM1/ 3/6/7 subfamily and extend the knowledge base upon which to study the diversity and evolution of TRP channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A floating ryegrass mat was constructed for low-pollution wastewater treatment during a low-temperature season. Plastic tanks were used as containers, and filled with low-pollution wastewater with low or high nitrogen concentrations, and with and without the floating ryegrass mat, creating four treatments in total (Group Low, Control Low, Group High and Control High). The experiment was conducted for 61 days. The results showed that the removal rates of TN, NH 4 + , and NO 3 − were considerably higher in Group Low and Group High than in the controls. The removal rates of TN were 86.8–88.8% in Group Low and 95.0–96.1% in Group High, while the removal rates of NH 4 + were 91.1–92.5% in Group Low and 97.9–99.1% in Group High. Meanwhile, the COD values were in the range of 5.5–20.9 mg/L in Group Low and 7.0–26.7 mg/L in Group High, which were relatively higher compared to the controls. The higher COD/N ratios in Group Low and Group High might enhance nitrogen removal. Overall, the ratio of plant assimilation to TN input was estimated to be 33.0% and 47.6% in Group Low and Group High, respectively. The ryegrass mat displayed advantages such as easy transport and high seedling survival rate. The constructed floating ryegrass mat effectively reduced nitrogen concentration. Therefore, this technique can be an alternative approach for low-pollution wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drainage ditches are used for surface water management as well as for the interception of pollutants from farmlands. In this study, ditches with floating ryegrass mat (FRM), Vallisneria natans (VN) and the combination of the two (FRMVN) (including an unamended control ditch) were trialed to evaluate the N interception rates of simulated, low-concentrated run offs at low temperature. The nitrogen removal efficiency of FRMs under low and high-water level (25 cm and 50 cm, respectively) was also investigated during a warmer period. The results showed that the NH 4 + removal efficiency was fairly stable for the ditches with FRMs and the interception rates were 30.5% ∼ 46.0% for the low and high influent N concentration (5 mg L−1 and 15 mg L−1) respectively. These NH 4 + interception rates were higher than those from the control, especially in the phases of high influent N. The NO 3 − and TN removal efficiency was kept low for all treatments especially during the cold period likely due to lack of readily available carbon source. Water level had no significant influence to the FRM-based TN, NH 4 +, and NO 3 − removal - interception rates though were higher compared to those from the Control ditches during the low N period. In terms of nitrogen budget, the N reduction from FRMs treatments was 8.4% ∼ 16.9% higher than those of the controls due to plant uptake, adsorption, and other pathways. Further improvement in denitrification can be achieved by supplementing cellulosic carbon. • Sustainable eco-ditches with floating ryegrass mat (FRM) were established. • NH 4 + interception rates (IRs) were fairly stable in FRM ditches (30.5%–46.0%) in winter. • Plants played a big part for higher NH 4 + IRs in the ditches with FRM. • Water level had no significant influence to nitrogen removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A universal technique has been proposed to sort two-dimensional (2D) sub-nanometer thin crystals (manganese dioxide MnO2 and molybdenum disulfide MoS2) according to their lateral dimensions. This technique is based on tuning the zeta potential of their aqueous dispersions which induces the selective sedimentation of large-sized 2D crystals and leaves the small-sized counterparts in suspension. The electrocatalytic properties of as-obtained 2D ultrathin crystals are strongly dependent on their lateral size. As a proof-of-concept study, the small-sized MnO2 nanocrystals were tested as the electrocatalysts for the urea-oxidation reaction (UOR), which showed outstanding performance in both half reaction and full electrolytic cell. A mechanism study reveals the enhanced performance is associated with the remarkable structural properties of MnO2 including ultrathin (ca. 0.95 nm), laterally small-sized (50-200 nm), and highly exposed active centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A universal technique has been proposed to sort two-dimensional (2D) sub-nanometer thin crystals (manganese dioxide MnO2 and molybdenum disulfide MoS2) according to their lateral dimensions. This technique is based on tuning the zeta potential of their aqueous dispersions which induces the selective sedimentation of large-sized 2D crystals and leaves the small-sized counterparts in suspension. The electrocatalytic properties of as-obtained 2D ultrathin crystals are strongly dependent on their lateral size. As a proof-of-concept study, the small-sized MnO2 nanocrystals were tested as the electrocatalysts for the urea-oxidation reaction (UOR), which showed outstanding performance in both half reaction and full electrolytic cell. A mechanism study reveals the enhanced performance is associated with the remarkable structural properties of MnO2 including ultrathin (ca. 0.95 nm), laterally small-sized (50-200 nm), and highly exposed active centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggest that the low-frequency background makes an important contribution to the predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity on the intraseasonal time scale by providing large-scale conditions favorable for TC formation. Extended numerical experiments were conducted to demonstrate additional low-frequency influence on TC activity, which results from the development of a synoptic-scale wave train. The cyclonic circulation of the wave train provides low-level synoptic-scale disturbances for TC formation. The observed TC formation events over the western North Pacific during 14 August-10 September 2004 were first successfully simulated with the initial and lateral conditions derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. Then the 27-day extended experiment was repeated only with the initial and lateral boundary conditions derived from the FNL low-frequency (longer than 20 days) background. It is found that the development of the synoptic-scale wave train can be well simulated with TCs forming in the cyclonic circulations of the wave train although the wavelength of the simulated wave train is substantially reduced in the absence of higher-frequency influences with periods shorter than 20 days. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the development of wave trains is sensitive to the initial monsoon trough structure. This study suggests that the synoptic-scale wave train can develop in situ and does not need upstream precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multifunctional catalyst electrode mimicking external stimuli-responsive property has been prepared by the in situ growth of nitrogen (N)-doped NiFe double layered hydroxide (N-NiFe LDH) nanolayers on a 3D nickel foam substrate framework. The electrode demonstrates superior performance toward catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction (OER), affording a low overpotential of 0.23 V at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, high Faradaic efficiency of ≈98%, and stable operation for >60 h. Meanwhile, the electrode can dynamically change its color from gray silver to dark black with the OER happening, and the coloration/bleaching processes persist for at least 5000 cycles, rendering it a useful tool to monitor the catalytic process. Mechanism study reveals that the excellent structural properties of electrode such as 3D conductive framework, ultra thickness of N-NiFe LDH nanolayer (≈0.8 nm), and high N-doping content (≈17.8%) make significant contribution to achieving enhanced catalytic performance, while N-NiFe LDH nanolayer on electrode is the main contributor to the stimuli-responsive property with the reversible extraction/insertion of electrons from/into N-NiFe LDH leading to the coloration/bleaching processes. Potential application of this electrode has been further demonstrated by integrating it into a Zn-air battery device to identify the charging process during electrochemical cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock wastewater is a major source of agricultural non-point pollution. Land treatment system is appropriate for livestock sewage treatment due to its low construction cost and high treatment performance. In this study, a garden land infiltration system (GLIS) was established to treat dairy farm wastewater. Our main concern was nutrient removal and plant uptake when the system is in operation. The removal rates in the outflow water of suspended solids (SS), NH 4 + N, total N (TN), total P (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were 86.1%, 78.0%, 78.2%, 94.6%, 76.8%, and 74.6%, respectively. Approximately 79.4–81.6 kg/ha of nitrogen and 9.1–13.1 kg/ha of phosphorus were removed from the system by ryegrass harvesting, which accounted for 14.5–14.9% and 17.0–24.6% of the TN and TP in the effluent, respectively. These results demonstrate that the system has the advantage of high performance efficiency and has the potential for greater nutrient removal by plant uptake. Therefore, a GLIS can be considered as a viable alternative for dairy farm wastewater treatment in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FeO/Fe bond in the oxide scale is very tight, and FeO fracture is complicated under external force. In this study, the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of single-crystal FeO/Fe under nanoindentation are analyzed by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The results show that: 1. loading stage: the load increases with the increase in the loading rate; unloading stage: the load drop rate increases with the increase in the unloading rate in the early stage, and the opposite in the middle and late stage. 2. The dislocation density and the phase transition of the HCP structure decrease with the increase in the indentation rate, and the total volume of defect atoms increases with the increase in the indentation rate. 3. When the indenter is in the FeO layer, the hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase in the indentation rate. 4. The hydrostatic stress and Von Mises stress analysis show that the average stress value increases with the increase in the indentation rate, and coexistence of compressive and tensile stress inside the model. This study provides essential help for further exploration of the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of oxide scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three kinds of Mn3O4 nanoparticles with different shapes (spheres, cubes, and ellipsoids) are selectively grown on nitrogen-doped graphene sheets through a two-step liquid-phase procedure. These non-precious hybrid materials display an excellent ORR activity and good durability. The mesoporous microstructure, nitrogen doping, and strong bonding between metal species and doped graphene are found to facilitate the ORR catalytic process. Among these three kinds of Mn3O4 particles, the ellipsoidal particles on nitrogen-doped graphene exhibit the highest ORR activity with a more positive onset-potential of -0.13 V (close to that of Pt/C, -0.09 V) and a higher kinetic limiting current density ( JK) of 11.69 mA cm-2 at -0.60 V. It is found that the ORR performance of hybrid materials can be correlated to the shape of Mn3O4 nanocrystals, and specifically to the exposed crystalline facets associated with a given shape. The shape dependence of Mn3O4 nanoparticles integrated with nitrogen-doped graphene on the ORR performance, reported here for the first time, may advance the development of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly hydrated structure was fabricated for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which demonstrated significantly enhanced catalytic activity, favorable kinetics, and strong durability. The enhanced performance is correlated with the dual‐active‐site mechanism, and high hydrophilicity of the electrode can dramatically expedite the process of water oxidation into molecular oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eine hoch hydratisierte Struktur für die Katalyse der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) ist durch signifikant verbesserte katalytische Aktivität, günstige Kinetik und hohe Beständigkeit gekennzeichnet. Die höhere Leistungsfähigkeit korreliert mit einem Mechanismus an zwei aktiven Zentren, und eine hohe Hydrophilie der Elektrode kann die Oxidation von Wasser zu molekularem Sauerstoff enorm beschleunigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-based hydrogels can be used as supercapacitor electrodes because of their excellent conductivity, their large surface area and their high compatibility with electrolytes. Nevertheless, the large aspect ratio of graphene sheets limits the kinetics of processes occurring in the electrode of supercapacitors. In this study, we have introduced in-plane and out-of-plane pores into a graphene-nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) hybrid hydrogel, which facilitates charge and ion transport in the electrode. Due to its optimised chemistry and architecture, the hybrid electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical properties with a combination of high charge storage capacitance, fast rate capability and stable cycling performance. Remarkably, the Ni(OH)2 in the hybrid contributes a capacitance as high as 3138.5 F g−1, which is comparable to its theoretical capacitance, suggesting that such structure facilitates effectively charge-transfer reactions in electrodes. This work provides a facile pathway for tailoring the porosity of graphene-based materials for improved performances. Moreover, this work has also furthered our understanding in the effect of pore and hydrogel structures on the electrochemical properties of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAMCL) synthase genes phaC1 and phaC2 of Pseudomonas mendocina NK-01 were cloned and inserted into expression plasmid pBBR1MCS-2 to form pBBR1MCS-C1 and pBBR1MCS-C2 which were expressed respectively in the PHAMCL-negative strain P. mendocina C7 whose PHAMCL synthesis operon was defined knock out. P. mendocina C7 derivatives P. mendocina C7C1 and C7C2 carrying pBBR1MCS-C1 and pBBR1MCS-C2 respectively were constructed. Fermentation and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed that P. mendocina C7C1 had higher PHAMCL production rate but its PHAMCL had lower molecular weight than that of P. mendocina C7C2. Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the two PHAMCL had similarity in monomer composition with 3HD as the favorite monomer i.e. PhaC1 and PhaC2 had the same substrate specificity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) also revealed that the two PHAMCL had the same physical properties. P. mendocina NK-01was the first reported strain whose PHAMCL synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 had the same substrate specificity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe inherited disorder with an incidence of 1/20 000 live births. Mutations of PKHD1 (polycystic kidney and hepatic disease gene 1) gene were identified to be responsible for ARPKD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small RNAs with global effect on gene expression. Up to 30% of human protein coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs. However, to date, nothing is known regarding the role of miRNAs in PKHD1. In this study, we exploited bioinformatics to analyse the 3'UTR of PKHD1 gene and illustrated that the 3'UTR region of the gene is highly conserved in evolution. We identified about 35 candidate miRNAs within a 3738 bp window of the 3'UTR region. Of the 35 potential miRNAs, miR-365-1 emerged to post-transcriptionally modulate the expression of PKHD1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-365-1 modulated PKHD1 suppressed cell-cell adhesion in part through E-cadherin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and are significant components in foods. It has been reported that treatment with sphingolipids prevents colon cancer, improves skin barrier function and suppresses inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms for those effects of dietary sphingolipids are not well understood. In this study, to investigate the effects of dietary glucosylceramide (GluCer) and sphingomyelin (SM) on skin function, we characterized the recovery of skin barrier function and the change in sphingolipid metabolism-related enzymes in the epidermis using a special Mg-deficient diet-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin and tape-stripping damaged skin murine models. Our results show that dietary GluCer and SM accelerate the recoveries of damaged skin barrier functions. Correspondingly, dietary sphingolipids significantly upregulated the expression of ceramide synthases 3 and 4 in the epidermis of the atopic dermatitis-like skin model ( P < 0.05). In the case of cultured cells, the expression of ceramide synthases 2-4 in normal human foreskin keratinocytes was significantly upregulated by treatment with 0.001-0.1 μ m sphingoid bases (sphinganine, sphingosine and trans-4, cis-8-sphingadienine) ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the effects of dietary sphingolipids might be due to the activation of ceramide synthesis in the skin, rather than the direct reutilization of dietary sphingolipids. Our findings provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of the skin barrier improving effect and a more comprehensive understanding of dietary sphingolipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: ZnO films with three different microstructures including hexagonal prisms, plates and rose-like twinned crystals were fabricated using chemical bath deposition with different concentration of gelatin. The growth mechanisms of ZnO films were discussed, and the gelatin played a vital role as a polyelectrolyte capping the formation of microstructures. The photoluminescence and Raman properties were found sensitive to the crystal morphologies of ZnO films. Significantly, the photodegradation efficiencies of methylene blue under UV light irradiation in the presence of ZnO films consisted of hexagonal prisms and rose-like twinned crystals were 95% and 96%, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic activities can be ascribed to the high oxygen vacancies concentration and high percentage of polar planes, and this result was important in addressing the origin of high photocatalytic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aqueous Zn–CO2 batteries can not only convert CO2 into high‐value chemicals but also store/output electric energy for external use. However, their performance is limited by sluggish and complicated CO2 electroreduction at the cathode. Herein, a dual‐anion regulated Bi electrocatalyst is developed to selectively reduce CO2 to formate with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 97% at a large current density of 250 mA cm−2. With O and/or F, the rate‐determine step of CO2 electroreduction has been manipulated (from the first hydrogenation to *HCOOH desorption step) with a reduced energy barrier. Significantly, the fabricated Zn–CO2 battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of 1.2 V, optimal power density of 4.51 mW cm−2, remarkable energy density of 802 Wh kg−1, and energy‐conversion efficiency of 70.74%, stability up to 200 cycles and 68 h. This study provides possible strategies to fabricate reversible and energetic aqueous Zn–CO2 batteries by addressing cathodic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional framework promoter of graphene–MnO2 was fabricated to enhance the catalytic properties of NiCo2O4. The as-resultant graphene–MnO2–NiCo2O4 hybrid material features a number of remarkable structural properties such as well-developed pores, 3D conductive networks and strong coupling synergistic effects, rendering it an outstanding catalyst for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid material composed of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene was prepared via a solvothermal process and investigated for the first time as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Its high ORR activity, excellent durability and tolerance to methanol make this hybrid material a promising candidate for highly efficient ORR in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Domestic sewage tail water (DSTW) irrigation on rice growth and N loss was explored. • DSTW irrigation with 15 %–45 % N substitution ratio had little effect on grain yield. • DSTW irrigation can minimize NH 3 emissions compared to chemical fertilization. • The optimum N substitution ratio for DSTW irrigation was 30 %–45 %. Reuse of treated wastewater effluent for crop irrigation can be a promising strategy to substitute/reduce chemical fertilizers and mitigate contamination of water environment. The effect of the effluent irrigation strategies on crop yield and nitrogen (N) loss to the environment have not been yet well explored. In the present study, a soil column monitoring experiment was conducted for over two years (2016–2017) to assess the effect of domestic sewage tail water (DSTW) irrigation on rice growth and N-loss. DSTW irrigation was established substituting N fertilizer at percentages of 15 %, 30 % and 45 % (namely N3S1, N2S2 and N1S3) with a total nitrogen (TN) input of 210 kg·hm−2; controls with conventional fertilizer (N210) and no fertilizer (N0) but tap water irrigation were also set up. A field plot experiment was also conducted using the same treatments in 2017. The results of the soil column experiment showed that the grain yield from treatments with different proportions of DSTW and N fertilizer were no lower than those subjected to conventional fertilizer in both years. The NH 3 volatilization from the treatments using reclaimed DSTW accounted for 20.9 %–34.4 % TN in 2016, but this fell to 6.9 %–16.1 % in 2017. Compared with N210, the DSTW irrigation treatment (N1S3) significantly reduced NH 3 emissions by 32.8 %–61.3 % over the two years (p < 0.05). The field plot experiment also indicated that DSTW reclamation could not significantly affect the rice growth and yield, and treatments with a higher proportion of N substituting by DSTW tended to have lower NH 3 volatilization. With respect to the rice yield and N-loss, the recommended ratio of N fertilizer substitution is 30 %–45 %; however, long-term trials would be required to further evaluate of any adverse environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the energy‐conversion efficiency and adaptability between a CO2 electroreduction system and intermittent renewable energy, small onset potentials, and wide working windows are highly important. Here, three indium metal–organic frameworks (In‐MOFs) have been projected using different ligands to adjust the local steric hindrance and electronic structure of In nodes, manipulating the whole workflow of CO2 during electroreduction including local CO2 transport, adsorption, activation, hydrogenation, and product desorption. Significantly, a CO2 electroreduction to formate process promoted by 2,5‐TDC In‐MOF shows an onset potential of −0.1 V versus RHE around the therymodynamic potential, over 90% FEforamte in a wide current‐density window from 0.1 to 0.9 A cm−2. Driven by solar cells, the system displays a high solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of 17.39%. In depth mechanism study indicates that the local CO2 transport and adsorption of all In‐MOFs are thermodynamically and kinetically favorable, while the energy barrier of potential‐determine step (*HCOOH desorption) is the lowest for 2,5‐TDC In‐MOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing evidence has showed that inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and fibrinogen can be used as predictors in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to explore prognostic value of these biomarkers and evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of combined score based on plasma fibrinogen and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (F-PLR score). Methods: A total of 506 patients with ESCC were enrolled in this study. Harrell’s concordance index (c-index) was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of these markers and evaluate their prognostic significance. The relationship between factors with survival rates (including overall survival [OS] and disease-free survival [DFS]) was explored by Kaplan-Meier curve, univariate analysis and multivariate cox hazard analysis. Results: Our result indicated that high F-PLR score was significantly associated with longer tumor length and deeper depth of tumor invasion (p < 0.01). The result of Cox multivariable analysis showed that F-PLR score was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.002) and DFS (p = 0.003). In addition, F-PLR score presented the greater c-index values for OS and DFS compared with NLR, PLR and fibrinogen level. Our result also showed that the c-index values for OS and DFS were both greater in TNM + F-PLR than those in TNM stage alone. Conclusions: In conclusion, F-PLR score is a predictive biomarker for prognosis in patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immunoscore, as a prognostic tool defined to quantify in situ immune cell infiltrates, appears to be superior to the TNM staging system. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), no immunoscore has been established; however, in situ tumor immunology is recognized as highly important. Our study aimed to construct a comprehensive immunoprofile for ESCC. Methods: The infiltration of four immune cell types (CD8+/CD4+/Foxp3+/CD33+ cells), the expression of both inhibitory (PD-1/PD-L1/Tim-3/LAG-3) and stimulatory checkpoints (OX-40/ICOS), and IDO1 were evaluated by IHC staining and multi-color immunofluorescence in two independent cohorts (95 patients in the primary cohort and 55 patients in the validation cohort). The association with patients' overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model. Nomogram-based immunoprofile was established using the independent prognostic variables. To determine its predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity, the C-index and calibration curve were calculated. Results: Significant correlation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells with PD-1+ T cell infiltration was found (P = 0.035), indicating the activation of the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ESCC cases. More PD-L1+ ICs, Tim-3+ ICs and LAG-3+ ICs were found in the CD8-rich tumor microenvironment, which is in accordance with the feedback nature of immune system. After adjustment by TNM stage, four immune variables including the infiltration of CD8+/Foxp3+/CD33+ cells and the PD-L1 expression by tumor cells were selected to construct a prognostic nomogram. The calibration curves showed good accuracy of the nomogram for survival prediction. To overcome the complexity of applying a nomogram in a clinical setting, a simple immunoprofile was then established according to the points of each factor from the nomogram. Our immunoprofile model could separate same-stage patients into different risk subgroups, and showed superior accuracy for survival prediction than the TNM staging system based on the C-index calculation and ROC analysis. Conclusions: Our nomogram-based immunoprofile can provide more accurate prognosis prediction and is an important complement to the TNM staging system for operable ESCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction for ‘Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction’ by Jingjing Duan et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 7705–7707. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The community of electrochemical CO 2 reduction is almost exclusively focused on gaseous CO 2 -fed electrolyzers. Here, we proposed a pressurized C O 2 - C aptured solution electrolyzer to produce solar F uel of CO (abbreviated "CCF") without the need to regenerate gaseous CO 2. Specifically, we developed an experimentally validated multiscale model to quantitatively investigate the effect of pressure-induced chemical environment and to resolve the complex relationship between this effect and the activity and selectivity of CO production. Our results show that the pressure-induced variation of the cathode pH has a negative effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction, whereas the species coverage variation positively affects CO 2 reduction. These effects are more pronounced at pressures below 15 bar (1 bar = 101 kPa). Consequently, a mild increase in the pressure of the CO 2 -captured solution from 1 to 10 bar leads to a dramatic enhancement in selectivity. Using a commercial Ag nanoparticle catalyst, our pressurized CCF prototype achieved CO selectivity higher than 95% at a low cathode potential of −0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to that under the gaseous CO 2 -fed condition. This enables the demonstration of a solar-to-CO efficiency of 16.8%, superior to any known devices with an aqueous feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is now well-accepted as standard for high-risk stage II and stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, however the optimal time to initiate AC remains elusive. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. The Hazard ratio (HR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as an effect measure to evaluate primary endpoints. All analyses were conducted using Stata software version 12.0 with the Random-effects model. Results: A total of 30 studies were included in our study. Upon comparison on overall survival (OS), we identified that delaying the initiation of AC for > 8 weeks after operation was significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.27—1.48; P < 0.01). The poor prognostic value of AC delay for > 8 weeks was not undermined by subgroup analysis based on region, tumor site, sample size and study quality. No obvious differences were observed in survival between AC within 5–8 weeks and ≤ 4 weeks (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96 -1.10; P = 0.46). Moreover, two studies both highlighted that the survival benefit of AC was still statistically significant when AC was applied 5–6 months after surgery compared with the non-chemotherapy group. Conclusions: Delaying the initiation of AC for > 8 weeks after surgery was significantly associated with poor OS. AC started within 8 weeks after surgery brought more benefits to CRC patients. There were no obvious differences in survival benefits between AC within 5–8 weeks and ≤ 4 weeks. Compared to patients not receiving AC after surgery, a delay of approximately 5–6 months was still useful to improve prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Correction: Applied Physics A (2023) 129:151 b https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06379-y In this article the affiliation details for affiliations 1 and 3 incorrectly given. School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia The original article has been corrected. [Extracted from the article]

Changes in the duration of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the embedded large‐scale environment along with TC tracks have a substantial impact on basin‐wide TC intensity. However, their relative importance in changes of basin‐wide TC intensity remains unclear. This study focuses on their contributions to change in TC intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) basin using a TC intensity model. First, simulations using a TC intensity model with inputs of TC tracks and the embedded environment adequately capture the climate variability of the observed basin‐wide WNP TC intensity. It suggests that the climate variability of basin‐wide TC intensity largely depends on the synergistic changes in large‐scale environment and TC tracks. Sensitivity tests indicated that changes in TC tracks generally appear to be the most important factor affecting basin‐wide TC intensity on the interannual and interdecadal timescales. Changes in large‐scale environment play a limited role especially for weak‐to‐moderate TCs (i.e., tropical storms and Cat.1–3 TCs), while comparable impacts of change in TC tracks and large‐scale environment are found for intense TCs (i.e., Cat.4–5 TCs). Given that TC tracks remain unchanged, sensitivity simulations further show that TC duration plays a more crucial role in controlling basin‐wide TC intensity than the environmental fields. Moreover, weak‐to‐moderate TCs appear to be more sensitive to duration than intense TCs, in consistent with the dramatic changes in basin‐wide TC intensity for westward TCs that form in the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea with short TC duration. Results of this study would be helpful for climate prediction of basin‐wide TC intensity over the WNP basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]