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Organic pollution of agricultural land will cause environmental problems and agricultural economic effects. To explore the reliable effect of remediation of organic pollution in agricultural land, wheat straw biochar was prepared in this paper. Moreover, this paper uses experimental research and comparison methods to study the difference in the adsorption performance of biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the effect of pyrolysis biochar on the availability of phenanthrene and pyrene microorganisms in the soil at the same temperature. Additionally, statistical methods are utilised in this research to do analytics and data processing on test data, and test findings are visually displayed using a combination of graphs and tables. Finally, to understand the experimental research findings, this system employs analytical approaches. The results of the experiment show that wheat straw biochar can effectively reduce soil organic pollution, which can expand the research on the restoration of other crop straw biochar on agricultural land.

Different pollutants induce distinct toxic responses in earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ). Here, we used proteomics techniques to compare the responses of E. fetida to exposure to the 10% lethal concentration (14d-LC 10 ) of benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) or cadmium (Cd) in natural red soil (China). BaP exposure markedly induced the expression of oxidation-reduction proteins, whereas Cd exposure mainly induced the expression of proteins involved in transcription- and translation-related processes. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding proteins were differentially expressed upon exposure to different pollutants. The calcium (Ca 2 + )-binding cytoskeletal element myosin was down-regulated upon BaP treatment, whereas the Ca 2 + -binding cytoskeletal element tropomyosin-1 was up-regulated upon Cd treatment. Some proteins exhibited opposite responses to the two pollutants. For instance, catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein 70 were up-regulated upon BaP treatment and down-regulated upon Cd treatment. A significant ( p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with least-significant difference (LSD) test) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity further showed that BaP mainly induces oxidative stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression often did not correlate well with protein expression in earthworms subjected to Cd or BaP treatment. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding the protein metallothionein, which was not detected in the protein analysis, was induced upon Cd treatment, but slightly reduced upon BaP treatment. Therefore, BaP and Cd have distinct effects on the protein profile of E. Fetida with BaP markedly inducing ROS activity, and Cd mainly triggering genotoxicity. Capsule summary Distinct patterns of protein expression are induced in earthworms upon exposure to different pollutants; BaP markedly induces high levels of ROS, while Cd resultes in genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the present study were to compare the toxic effects of benzo[ a]pyrene (B aP) and to screen for rapid and sensitive biomarkers that can be used to assess the environmental risks of B aP in earthworms in different natural soil types. The authors exposed Eisenia fetida to 2 types of soil (red soil and fluvo-aquic soil) spiked with different concentrations (0 mg kg−1, 1 mg kg−1, 10 mg kg−1, 100 mg kg−1, and 500 mg kg−1) of B aP for 7 d or 14 d. Benzo[ a]pyrene-induced weight variation altered the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD]; catalase [CAT]; and guaiacol peroxidase [POD]) and changed the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, using the comet assay, the authors determined the DNA damage in earthworms. The results revealed that the comet assay was suitable for evaluating the genotoxicity of B aP in the soil, even at the lowest examined concentration. The MDA content was the least sensitive indicator of B aP toxicity. A 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether the soil type, exposure concentration, and duration affected the B aP toxicity. The antioxidant enzyme activities and the MDA content were shown to be significantly correlated with the exposure concentration. The percentage of weight variation ( p < 0.001), CAT activity ( p < 0.05), and SOD activity ( p < 0.01) were significantly affected by the soil type, and the POD activity ( p < 0.01), CAT activity ( p < 0.001), and SOD activity ( p < 0.001) were significantly affected by the exposure duration. Therefore, measuring DNA damage in earthworms is a simple and efficient means of assessing B aP genotoxicity in a terrestrial environment, and the effects of the soil type and exposure time on the other parameters that were investigated in E. fetida, which were used as responsive biomarkers, should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1-8. © 2014 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]