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The preparation of novel structures of light-diffusing particles is currently a research focus in the field of light-diffusing materials. This study, conducted by the common melt-blending process, controlled thermodynamic and kinetic factors to distribute smaller-sized organic silica bead (OSB) particles at the interface between a polycarbonate (PC) matrix and spherical island-phase styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) for the in situ formation of compound eye-like microspheres with SAN as "large eyes" and OSBs as "small eyes". Through the multiple-scattering effects of these compound eye-like microspheres, these light-diffusing materials significantly improved the haze, scattering range, and light-shielding capabilities while maintaining high transmittance. Specifically, the PC/SAN-OSB light-scattering materials achieved a haze of 100% with an OSB content of only 0.17%, maintaining a transmittance of 88%. Compared with the PC/OSB system with the same level of haze, the addition of OSB was reduced by 88%. Therefore, this study achieved exceptionally effective light-diffusing materials through a simple, environmentally friendly, and low-cost preparation method, suitable for the scalable production of light-diffusing materials in new display and lighting fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a key anode reaction in chlor‐alkali electrolysis. Although non‐precious metals have been widely used as CER catalysts, their low catalytic activity has been a major constraint on their development. Herein, 1D Co3O4 coupled with 2D Ti3C2 MXene on carbon cloth for highly efficient CER is reported by constructing two different heterojunctions (1D Co3O4 tip to 2D Ti3C2 face and 1D face to 2D face) through electronic coupling and strong interfacial interaction. The decreased electron density around O atoms in Co─O and Ti─O at two heterojunctions is more conducive to the adsorption of Cl−, thereby reducing the free energy of the reaction and jointly promoting CER. Consequently, the MXene@Co3O4/CC (carbon cloth) exhibits a low overpotential of 86 mV at 10 mA cm−1, low tafel slope of 47.9 mV dec−1, which is superior to commercial DSA and other non‐precious metal materials. This work provides new insights into the rational design of multiple heterojunctions, which leads to a new path for non‐precious metal catalysts in CER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a crucial step in the production of chlorine gas and active chlorine by chlor-alkali electrolysis. Currently, the endeavor to fabricate electrodes capable of yielding high current density at minimal overpotential remains a central challenge in advancing the realm of chlorine evolution reactions. Here, we grow TiO2 and RuO2 on MXene@carbon cloth (CC) through the favorable affinity and induced deposition effect between the surface functional groups of MXene and the metal. A self-supported electrode (RuTiO2/MXene@CC) with strong binding at the electrocatalyst–support interface and weak adhesion at electrocatalyst–bubble interface is constructed. The RuTiO2/MXene@CC can reduce the electron density of RuO2 by regulating the electron redistribution at the heterogeneous interface, thus enhancing the adsorption of Cl−. RuTiO2/MXene@CC could achieve a high current density of 1000 mA·cm−2 at a small overpotential of 220 mV, superior to commercial dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). This study provides a new strategy for constructing efficient CER catalysts at high current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring the interaction between metal nanoparticles and the support is of great significance in the development of efficient and economical non-platinum catalysts for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we report ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on N, C modified mesoporous TiO2 (N-TiO2/C) composites with enhanced interfacial interaction for the electrocatalytic HER. The N, C modified TiO2 can make Ru easier to be oxidized compared to non-modified TiO2. Consequently, the interaction can be tailored through the electron transfer from Ru to N, C modified mesoporous TiO2. The obtained Ru@N-TiO2/C catalysts exhibit excellent HER performance over a wide pH range, especially in 1 M KOH with a low overpotential of 39 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1 even surpassing that of Pt/C. Meanwhile, the Ru@N-TiO2/C catalysts also possess low overpotentials of only 82 mV and 116 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M PBS and 0.5 M H2SO4, which are comparable to that of Pt/C. This work provides a new perspective for tailoring the interaction between the metal and support for enhancing electro-catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection history refers to the notion that previous allocations of attention or suppression have the potential to elicit lingering and enduring selection biases that are isolated from goal-driven or stimulus-driven attention. However, in the singleton detection mode task, manipulating the selection history of distractors cannot give rise to pure proactive inhibition. Therefore, we employed a combination of a working memory task and a feature search mode task, simultaneously recording cortical activity using EEG, to investigate the mechanisms of suppression guided by selection history. The results from event-related potential and reaction times showed an enhanced inhibitory performance when the distractor was presented at the high-probability location, along with instances where the target appeared at the high-probability location of distractors. These findings demonstrate that a generalized proactive inhibition bias is learned and processed independent of cognitive resources, which is supported by selection history. In contrast, reactive rejection toward the low-probability location was evident through the Pd component under varying cognitive resource conditions. Taken together, our findings indicated that participants learned proactive inhibition when the distractor was at the high-probability location, whereas reactive rejection was involved at low-probability location., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)