Search

Il progetto River Frames. Fluvial territories and riverscapes in Geography and Cartography si propone di studiare e rappresentare i paesaggi fluviali attraverso un modello complesso di analisi che vuole restituire la realtà storica, culturale e ambientale di quei territori. La ricerca ha un approccio multidisciplinare che, grazie anche all’uso delle nuove tecnologie, vuole riunire i diversi elementi ricavati dall’indagine: cartografia e rilievi, immagini, documenti, progetti, dati socio-economici. La fotogrammetria, il telerilevamento e i sistemi informativi geografici (GIS) permettono di analizzare, rappresentare e monitorare diversi fenomeni, sia relativi agli aspetti fisico naturali che sociali. L’evoluzione storica del territorio non viene interpretata nella sua semplice progressione lineare, come singola narrativa, ma all’intersezione di diversi fenomeni ed elementi. La dimensione soggettiva riveste, perciò, un ruolo centrale come mediazione tra i dati quantitativi, qualitativi e la riflessione critica. Lo studio di tre corsi d’acqua nell’Italia Settentrionale (i fiumi Secchia, Savio e Adige) permetterà di realizzare monografie digitali che, grazie all’uso delle nuove tecnologie, riuniscano i diversi elementi ricavati dalla ricerca: cartografia e rilievi, immagini, documenti, progetti, dati socio-economici. I prodotti finali potranno migliorare la conoscenza del territorio italiano e contribuire alla tutela del paesaggio.

L’attività di ricerca affronta il tema della documentazione e della conoscenza approfondita dello stato di fatto di complessi storici monumentali finalizzata alla loro tutela e conservazione. Il caso in esame è la Basilica di Santo Stefano a Bologna (BO), conosciuta anche come “Complesso Delle Sette Chiese”, la quale rappresenta un complesso storico di edifici di culto di grande pregio con età che vanno dal V al XI secolo. Agli occhi dei tecnici, il complesso rappresenta un insieme di strutture modificatisi nel tempo e integratesi l’una con l’altra fino a creare l’attuale bellezza e allo stesso tempo l’attuale complessità strutturale. Considerando la prospettiva di coloro che sono deputati alla tutela e conservazione dei beni culturali, Santo Stefano esemplifica, quindi, molto bene la necessità di conoscere in modo accurato e completo la geometria dello stato di fatto con tutte le variazioni architettonico/strutturali che ha subito il complesso nel tempo con il fine di monitorare l’evoluzione del monumento, progettare interventi di consolidamento e restauro nonché programmare e gestire correttamente la manutenzione. L’approccio che fin da subito è stato ritenuto necessario ed efficace per tutti questi scopi è la creazione di un modello geometrico BIM, Building Information Model.

An apparatus (1) for detecting reflectance by means of images, which apparatus (1) comprises: a vehicle (2) carrying a multi-spectral camera (5) mounted on it, provided with multiple first selective filters (6) optically coupled with corresponding first optical sensors (7); and an optical detection device (10) of the incident radiation mounted on the vehicle (2). The optical detection device (10) comprises: multiple second selective filters (11); a second optical sensor (12) optically coupled with second selective filters (11); and a focusing lenticular optical system (14), which is interposed between the second selective filters (11) and the second optical sensor (12), and is arranged to project the radiations coming from the second selective filters (11) onto the sensitive surface (13) of the second optical sensor (12).

Gli autori descrivono la metodologia utilizzata per la ricostruzione della geografia storica della Versilia, parte del più ampio progetto per la realizzazione del WebGis VisualVersilia, analizzando nello specifico il lavoro volto alla creazione dei layer GIS relativi ai secoli XVIII e XIX da importare nel WebGIS finale. Il metodo utilizzato può essere diviso in più fasi: ricerca e studio analitico della cartografia storica e attuale; analisi della bibliografia inerente la zona esaminata; digitalizzazione e georeferenziazione della cartografia selezionata; creazione degli shapefile in formato vettoriale, frutto dell’osservazione e dell’analisi delle carte, in grado di rappresentare gli elementi geografici caratteristici dell’area di interesse. Il saggio è corredato da un’esaustiva appendice contenente schede dettagliate circa la cartografia storica utilizzata per le ricostruzioni territoriali del XVIII e XIX secolo.

Le misure periodiche e permanenti di osservatorio geodetico, in continuita' con una serie più che ventennale di dati, hanno avuto lo scopo di determinare l’infrastruttura geodetica e di rilevare e monitorare la Terra Vittoria settentrionale. Viene presentata una sintesi delle principali attività condotte recentemente nell’ambito del Progetto di Geodesia del PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide) e vengono presentati i risultati raggiunti nelle ultime campagne di misura pubblicati negli ultimi anni

Identifying the overhang, progressive changes of inclination, differential movements of the structure and detailing the study of structural elements are just some examples of the many fundamental information for structural engineers. Those data are required to study and analyze the behavior of a structure with the purpose to assess the stability . Laser scanning appears to be the best technology to provide an effective solution to those requirements. Surveying by means of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), allows to detect a huge number of information with relatively short time and high accuracy. Those data, then, do not necessarily need to be used to reconstruct the three dimensional surface model. Just analyzing the point clouds, interesting information along with useful products can be obtained in order to draw some considerations about the investigated structure. This research aims to suggest a new philosophy for using TLS in a diagnostic perspective in order to study structures along with their actual dimensions, their stability and so on. This new approach, characterized by a welladvanced vision, is really different from the traditional one because of the engineering point of view with respect to the usual application of TLS. Traditionally, indeed, laser scanning is chosen for artistic and architectural studies and the resulting three-dimensional model represents what often is of concern. The research focuses on the Cathedral of Modena, one of the most important pieces of Romanesque culture in Europe (UNESCO World Heritage List since 1997). The overall motivation of this research is to preserve the cultural heritage we are responsible for, as long as spectators. Thus, the final purpose is to illustrate the methodology to compute anomalies in structural geometry by means of TLS in order to provide an accurate description of the structure that is particularly useful for structural engineers, architects and art historians. Both outdoor as well as indoor TLS surveys were performed. The geometry of the structure was properly described by analyzing point clouds; specific measurements were focused on constituent elements with the aim of detecting anomalies of the geometric configuration. Geometric anomalies might be read as the result of deformations occurred in the past or as future deformations due to an abnormal geometric configuration. Investigations about the identified anomalies will be presented together with differential movements obtained by high precision leveling focused on a network of benchmarks that were installed along the outside perimeter. The integration of independent techniques allows to check for consistency of results.

We had the opportunity to make surveying of some middle age towers located in Emilia Romagna region (Italy): Ghirlandina tower (Modena), “Della Sagra” tower (Carpi, Modena) , Asinelli tower (Bologna). Those towers are very interesting by architectural and artistic point of view; Ghirlandina and Asinelli are Cultural Heritage site of UNESCO. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) instrument has been used with an accuracy at 1 cm level in order to obtain good restitution in absolute coordinates, even with a precise topographic determination of GCP (Ground Control Points). Tridimensional restitution of the towers is here presented; we would like to point out the attention on the way that we use the TLS for enhancing the geometrical characteristics, particularly the height of the towers and the axis development that were determined through the trajectory of barycenter of transversal sections. The determination of actual geometry is essential for the study of the buildings and it is a first fundamental step for monitoring the towers.

The research object is the study and prevention of landslide risk through the utilization of integrated surveying systems like GPS and Automatic Total Stati on (Robotic station). The measurements have been applied to Boschi di Valoria landslide, located on Appennines of Modena in the Northern Italy, which relatively large size, about 1.6 square km, required the use of both techniques. The system is made by Automatic Total Station, looking at 45 reflectors and a GPS master station, reference for three rovers on the landslide. In order to monitor "local" disturbing effects, a bi-dimensional clinometer has been applied on the pilaster where the total station is located. In a first periodically measurements were collected, while the system is now performing continuously. The system permitted to evaluate movements from few millimeter till some meters per day in most dangerous areas; the entity of the movements obliged to plan an alert system that was activated after a first phase of phenomenon study. Topographic measurements have been integrated with geotechnical sensors (inclinometers and piezometers) in a GIS for landslide risk management.

Scientific investigations in Antarctica are, for many different reasons, a challenging and fascinating task. Measurements, observations and field operations must be carefully planned well in advance and the capacity of successfully meeting the goals of a scientific project is often related to the capacity of forecasting and anticipating the many different potential mishaps. In order to do that, experience and logistic support are crucial. On the scientific side, the team must be aware of its tasks and be prepared to carry out observations in a hostile environment: both technology and human resources have to be suitably selected, prepared, tested and trained. On the logistic side, nations, institutions and any other organisation involved in the expeditions must ensure the proper amount of competence and practical support. The history of modern Italian Antarctic expeditions dates back to the middle 80’s when the first infrastructures of “Mario Zucchelli Station”, formerly Terra Nova Bay Station, were settled at Terra Nova Bay, Northern Victoria Land. Only a few years later, the first geodetic infrastructures were planned and built. Italian geodetic facilities and activities were, ever since, being constantly maintained and developed. Nowadays, the most remarkable geodetic infrastructures are the permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) station (TNB1) installed at Mario Zucchelli and the GPS geodetic network Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) entirely deployed on an area extending between 71◦S and 76◦S and 160◦E and 170◦E. These facilities do not only allow carrying out utmost geodetic investigations but also posses interesting capacities on the international multidisciplinary scientific scenario. In order to fully exploit their potentiality, management and maintenance of the infrastructure are crucial; nevertheless, in order to perform high quality scientific research, these abilities must be coupled with the knowledge concerning a proper use and a correct processing of the information that these infrastructures can provide. This work focuses on the different methods that can be applied to process the observations that are performed with GPS technique in Northern Victoria Land, aiming at reaching the highest accuracy of results and assuring the larger significance and versatility of the processing outcomes. Three software were used for the analysis, namely: Bernese v.5.0, Gipsy/Oasis II and Gamit/Globk. The working data sets are: (i) the permanent GPS station TNB1 observations continuously performed since 1998 and (ii) the five episodic campaigns performed on the sites of VLNDEF. The two infrastructures can be regarded as neat examples of standard geodetic installation in Antarctica. Therefore, the technological solutions that were adopted and applied for establishing the GPS permanent station and the VLNDEF geodetic network as well as the data processing strategies and the data analysis procedures that were tested on their observation will be illustrated in detail. The results will be presented, compared and discussed. Furthermore, their potentials and role in geodetic research will be carefully described; their versatility will also be highlighted in the foreground of a multidisciplinary Antarctic international scientific activity.

The development of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) method for the generation of DTMs has made great progresses in objects measuring, reaching high resolutions and completeness in models reconstruction. Nowadays it is an essential tool that can be used to detect, better classify and monitoring landslides, although it's not always clear the internal precision that characterise the DTMs generated. Moreover there are some open problems concerning data processing and procedures used to generate DTM from Digital Surface Models (DSMs), extracting artificial objects and vegetation. Remarkable is the option, available in specialized software, of co-registration of DTMs realized in different periods, even in absence of classical ground control points. This option is developed to reduce to a unique reference system the acquired clouds of points. Nevertheless, when feasible, it is advisable to use the standard and more accurate geo-referencing methods based on a 3D similarity transformation applied on sets of common unchanged points. The paper refers to DTMs derived from TLS surveys for a landslide located near Bologna (Italy), and particularly shows the comparison between DTMs obtained from TSL and digital aerial photogrammetry. Selected aspects of data processing and representation are reported, in order to evaluate the accuracy and the reliability in restitution of the terrain shape.