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This study addresses the economic challenges faced by traditional and small fish farmers due to the limited availability and rising costs of conventional fish feed protein sources. The focus is on exploring the potential of non-conventional plant protein sources to reduce the overall cost of fish feed. Specifically, Cassia tora leaf meal is investigated as an alternative protein source for the growth, feed utilization, and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Labeo rohita fingerlings were subjected to experimental diets with varying concentrations of Cassia tora leaf meal, while a control group received only the basal diet as a protein source. The study evaluated key parameters such as FCR, SGR, PER and weight gain. Results indicated that the effect of Cassia tora on the growth and survivability of Labeo rohita is concentration-dependent. While higher inclusion levels led to fluctuations in FCR and PER. The study indicates that incorporating Cassia tora leaf meal, with partial replacement of fish meal, holds promise for enhancing growth, size and weight gain in Rohu fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to assess the contamination of heavy metals in different six sites of Narmada River in Jabalpur region. The study was conducted during September, 2022 to February, 2023. Water samples were collected from different sites: Site A (Near Mangeli village, opposite site of Gwarighat), Site B (Khirnighat), Site C (Khandarinala), Site D (Gwarighat), Site E (Tilwaraghat) and Site F (Bhedhaghat) for the analysis of water chemical parameters viz., dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and total ammonia. Level of DO was found lower in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Site D to F and Site A. Levels of CO2 and total ammonia were observed higher in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Sites D to F and Site A, indicating more heavy metal contamination in sites B and C as compared to the site D, E and F. Water samples of different Sites A to F were also assessed for presence of heavy metals by spot test. The results indicated the presence of heavy metals (lead, copper and mercury) in the sites B and C. Results showed poor water quality of these sites due to the different anthropogenic activities. Twenty-four fishes (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different sites for histopathological study. Gill tissues were collected from all fishes. The gills tissues of fishes showed normal structure in control group (Site A). In the fishes of Site B, the gill section showed necrosis of epithelial cells of secondary gill lamellae. In the fishes of Site C, the gill section showed degeneration of gill lamellae and hyperplasia of chloride cells. In the fishes of Site D, the gill sections showed degenerative changes and disruption of primary gill lamellae. However, the gill tissues showed degeneration of gill lamellae and secondary gill lamellae in the fishes of Site E. Similarly, the gill tissues showed degeneration and disruption in the fishes of Site F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of dandelion plant leaves including qualitative and quantitative assessments. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), a member of Asteraceae family, is widely distributed and utilized for its various pharmacological properties. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of dandelion leaves confirmed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the dandelion leaf extract was quantitatively analysed using standard methods. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the medicinal potential of dandelion plant leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]