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Although numerous pathologies are associated with abnormal skin deposits, these remain poorly described, as accurate characterization continues to present a challenge for dermatologists. Their submicrometer size as well as their diverse chemistry require various characterization tools. We aim to exemplify characterization of endogenous and exogenous skin deposits in some selected skin diseases using different physico-chemical techniques. We begin with a presentation of selected diseases associated with skin deposits. We then present those of our results which show their variety of structure, location and chemical composition, obtained with various tools: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, vibrational spectroscopies, as well as techniques specific to synchrotron radiation. Our results constitute a real opportunity to improve diagnosis, and to understand the pathogenesis of many skin diseases, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

This publication highlights the strategic combination of the preservation of heritage and innovation for supporting the sustainability of traditional crafts in Europe. Demonstrating both challenges and opportunities faced by artisans, there is a need to balance cultural authenticity and the pressures of current markets and environmental imperatives. The research has explored interventions at three levels of craft practice, education, and training and recommends practical directions on short- and long-term bases. Key findings include new materials and technologies to revitalize crafts, the integration of digital tools in education, and cross-border collaboration, which are considered vital for enhancing the visibility and viability of traditional crafts. The circular economy principles and eco-certifications emerge as key to aligning traditional crafts with global sustainability goals. The analysis also highlights cultural policies and funding mechanisms as a means of encouraging innovation and promoting the resilience of the craft sector. The publication, by weaving together case studies, policy analysis, and strategic recommendations, provides a comprehensive roadmap for stakeholders—from artisans and educators to policymakers and researchers—to ensure that the legacy and relevance of Europe's rich craft heritage continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) is an imaging modality based on a combination of time-domain optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy. LC-OCT provides three-dimensional images of semi-transparent samples with a spatial resolution of ∼1 μm. The technique is primarily applied to in vivo skin imaging. The image contrast in LC-OCT arises from the backscattering of incident light by the sample microstructures, which is determined by the optical scattering properties of the sample, characterized by the scattering coefficient μs and the scattering anisotropy factor g. In biological tissues, the scattering properties are determined by the organization, structure and refractive indexes of the sample. The measurement of these properties using LC-OCT would therefore allow a quantitative characterization of tissues in vivo. We present a method for extracting the two scattering properties μs and g of tissue-mimicking phantoms from 3D LC-OCT images. The method provides the mean values of μs and g over a lateral field of view of 1.2 mm × 0.5 mm (x × y). It can be applied to monolayered and bilayered samples, where it allows extraction of μs and g of each layer. Our approach is based on a calibration using a phantom with known optical scattering properties and on the application of a theoretical model to the intensity depth profiles acquired by LC-OCT. It was experimentally tested against integrating spheres and collimated transmission measurements for a set of monolayered and bilayered scattering phantoms.

Les auteurs proposent une réflexion sur la notion de « figure inspirante » et sa pertinence à propos de Fernand Oury, cofondateur de la pédagogie institutionnelle. S'inscrivant dans une approche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique, ils proposent de considérer ce pédagogue davantage comme une « figure identificatoire ». Plutôt que de se focaliser sur une figure individuelle, ils suggèrent que les monographies de la pédagogie institutionnelle sont « inspirantes ». L'analyse d'un texte publié par F. Oury permet de montrer que dès les origines, la pédagogie institutionnelle est porteuse d'une forme de « socialisation démocratique » susceptible de remettre en cause la « forme scolaire ». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of systematizing the authoring of digital dictionaries for craft education from ethnographic studies and recordings. First, we present guidelines for the collection of ethnographic data using digital audio and video and identify terms that are central in the description of crafting actions, products, tools, and materials. Second, we present a classification scheme for craft terms and a way to semantically annotate them, using a multilingual and hierarchical thesaurus, which provides term definitions and a semantic hierarchy of these terms. Third, we link ethnographic resources and open-access data to the identified terms using an online platform for the representation of traditional crafts, associating their definition with illustrations, examples of use, and 3D models. We validate the efficacy of the approach by creating multimedia vocabularies for an online eLearning platform for introductory courses to nine traditional crafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]