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45. Les Potentiels Cerebraux Lents en Psychiatrie*

Author

Dongier, M., Dubrovsky, B., and Garcia-Rill, E.

Abstract

Classical electroencephalography has brought no major contribution to psychiatric diagnosis over the last 40 years. However, new hopes have recently arisen with the introduction of new methods — the use of long-time constants together with averagers and/or computers. Cerebral electrogenesis is explored during a more or less complex task, for instance pushing a button following a visual or auditory stimulus. The amplitude and duration of potentials preceding and following the decision and the motor activity are recorded.Many of the workers have attempted to establish psychological correlations of phenomena such as the CNV (contingent negative variation or expectancy wave) (8) and RP (readiness potential, pre-motor potential) (5). The cerebral events immediately following the decision and motor action PINV, (post imperative negative variations) are studied. These are considered to be of special interest in psychiatric patients. A minority of normal subjects (16 percent) show what is described as abnormalities of these potentials, whereas the majority of psychotics (75 percent) show these abnormalities. Neurotic patients show an intermediary percentage of abnormalities (37 percent).In early schizophrenia, abnormal PINV are present in 94 percent of the cases, which makes the test of practical significance in doubtful cases. Studies of event-related slow potentials in more complex situations, with discriminative decisions requested from the subjests, are underway.

Published
1974
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46. Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias

Author

Dubrovsky B, Solyom L, and Helen Barbas

Subjects
Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Psychological Tests, Time Factors, Contingent Negative Variation, Fear, Middle Aged, Electrophysiology, Phobic Disorders, Imagination, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Humans, Female, Desensitization, Psychologic
Abstract

The essential clinical feature of phobic neurosis is the anticipatory fear of certain objects and situations. Since an important factor in the generation of the contingent negative variation (CNV) is the anticipation of the imperative stimulus, records of CNVs were used as an indicator of electrocortical activity in a group of 14 patients suffering from specific phobias. After clinical evaluation, a CNV to a picture of a nondisturbing object was obtained. The amplitude of the CNV and duration of the PINV (postimperative negative variation) were taken as reference values against which response to the phobic objects were evaluated. Reaction time was automatically measured between the period of S2 and the button press. Significant differences, viz., larger CNV amplitude, longer PINV duration, and shorter reaction time, were found with phobogenic than with nondisturbing stimuli. After behavioral recovery with behavior therapy, no differences were noted in the CNVs obtained with the presentation of non-disturbing and the ones that were phobogenic stimuli. The significance of the results for an understanding of phobic neurosis and behavior therapy are discussed.

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