1. Raney Transducers and the Lowest Point of the $p$-Lagrange spectrum
- Author
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Dong, Brandon, Dupont, Soren, O'Dorney, Evan M., and Waitkus, W. Theo
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory - Abstract
It is well known that the golden ratio $\phi$ is the ''most irrational'' number in the sense that its best rational approximations $s/t$ have error $\sim 1/(\sqrt{5} t^2)$ and this constant $\sqrt{5}$ is as low as possible. Given a prime $p$, how can we characterize the reals $x$ such that $x$ and $p x$ are both ''very irrational''? This is tantamount to finding the lowest point of the $p$-Lagrange spectrum $\mathcal{L}_p$ as previously defined by the third author. We describe an algorithm using Raney transducers that computes $\min \mathcal{L}_p$ if it terminates, which we conjecture it always does. We verify that $\min \mathcal{L}_p$ is the square root of a rational number for primes $p < 2000$. Mysteriously, the highest values of $\min \mathcal{L}_p$ occur for the Heegner primes $67$, $3$, and $163$, and for all $p$, the continued fractions of the corresponding very irrational numbers $x$ and $p x$ are in one of three symmetric relations.
- Published
- 2024