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2. Leveraging Community-Based Innovations during COVID-19 to Strengthen the Haitian School System

Author

Boothby, N., Hart, A., Chandler, H., and Dupuy, D.

Abstract

War, natural disasters, and other emergencies regularly disrupt children's education in developing countries. The digital divide has long since affected low-resource and rural schools' responses to crises that necessitate distance learning, often excluding children in remote and rural parts of countries from internet-dependent online learning programmes. In no place is this truer than in Haiti where, prior to August 2020, political unrest combined with the COVID-19 pandemic caused learners to miss 60% of their scheduled days in the 2019-2020 school year with only 45% of Haitian households having access to a power source, let alone internet or a smart device, that would enable them to participate in online learning. This study presents findings from exploratory research on the readiness of the Haitian education system to withstand crises and the impact of COVID-19 on the system and its learners. Through analyses of secondary data and semi-structured interviews with a variety of education stakeholders, the research reveals gaps in the system's readiness; identifies key challenges prompted by school closures in Haiti and shares a handful of innovative responses developed to respond to these challenges. Findings indicate that the COVID-19 health crisis has not created the need for educational reform in Haiti, but rather, by exacerbating pre-existing gaps and frailties within the system, the pandemic has heightened the urgency with which educational reform must be pursued. Salient gaps include a significant digital divide, financial instability and inattention to learning adjacent needs such as nutrition and psychosocial health for parents and children alike. While this initial research has exposed a series of significant gaps and inequalities in the Haitian education system, moving forward, more comprehensive research is needed to determine how such inequalities can be most effectively addressed. Although the Haitian government has a key role to play in addressing these inequalities, findings from this study reveal that governmental responses to COVID-19 school closures and broader digital learning inequalities, were ineffective in their reach and did not reflect the majority of Haitian learners and their families' realities. Findings also identify numerous innovations and assets on the part of non-governmental actors striving to address these gaps. However, these mechanisms were limited in scope and lacked the coordination among one another and the government that would be required to have scalable or measurable impact. Therefore, more research is needed to determine what the most successful mechanisms for addressing inequalities in the Haitian education system are and how they can be most effectively leveraged and scaled to create a more resilient education system moving forward.

Published
2021
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15. Changes in distal sedimentation regime oft the Rhone delat system controlled by subaquatic channels

Author

Kremer K., Corella J.P., Hilbe M., Marillier F., Dupuy D., Zenhäuser G., and Girardclos S.

Abstract

Seismic reflection profiles combined with sediment cores reveal centennial changes in the proximal and distal sedimentation regime in the Rhone River delta system (Lake Geneva) which is dominated by sublacustrine channels. From detailed analyses of the thickness distribution of depositional units and the occurrence of turbidites at least two shifts of the primarily active sublacustrine channels are inferred for the past 1500 years. The first northward shift is dated at 1480 ± 20 cal AD and was likely linked to a centennial flood in the Swiss Rhone Valley that occurred in 1469 AD and acted either as a direct cause or as a preconditioning factor favoring the shifting. A shift back southward in 1720 ± 90 cal AD may have been caused either by long term human impact related to the first embankment constructions on the Rhone River or by a natural event such as the 1755 AD Brig earthquake or the centennial flood of 1640 AD. Another important change in the sedimentation regime occurs in 1775 ± 125 cal AD when the onset of Rhone turbidite deposition is recorded in the distal sediments. This relative “progradation” of the Rhone turbidites is certainly due to the disconnection of the Vieux Rhone branch before 1826 and the subsequent first Rhone River correction starting in 1863 that led to the present single active Rhone subaquatic channel.

Published
2015
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16. Development of a System for 3D High-resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling on Lakes

Author

Scheidhauer, M., Marillier, F., Dupuy, D., Scheidhauer, M., Marillier, F., and Dupuy, D.

Abstract

A high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) seismic reflection system for small-scale targets in lacustrine settings has been developed. Its main characteristics include navigation and shot-triggering software that fires the seismic source at regular distance intervals (max. error of 0.25m) with real-time control on navigation using differential GPS (Global Positioning System). Receiver positions are accurately calculated (error<0.20m) with the aid of GPS antennas attached to the end of each of three 24-channel streamers. Two telescopic booms hold the streamers at a distance of 7.5m from each other. With a receiver spacing of 2.5m, the bin dimension is 1.25m in inline and 3.75m in crossline direction. To test the system, we conducted a 3D survey of about 1km2 in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, over a complex fault zone. A 5-m shot spacing resulted in a nominal fold of 6. A double-chamber bubble-cancelling 15/15in3 air gun (40-650Hz) operated at 80 bars and 1m depth gave a signal penetration of 300m below water bottom and a best vertical resolution of 1.1m. Processing followed a conventional scheme, but had to be adapted to the high sampling rates, and our unconventional navigation data needed conversion to industry standards. The high-quality data enabled us to construct maps of seismic horizons and fault surfaces in three dimensions. The system proves to be well adapted to investigate complex structures by providing non-aliased images of reflectors with dips up to 30°

Published
2018

17. LEVERAGING COMMUNITYBASED INNOVATIONS DURING COVID-19 TO STRENGTHEN THE HAITIAN SCHOOL SYSTEM.

Author

Boothby, N., Hart, A., Chandler, H., and Dupuy, D.

Subjects
COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, EDUCATIONAL equalization, EDUCATIONAL change, POLITICAL stability, SOCIAL unrest, CLASSROOM environment
Abstract

War, natural disasters, and other emergencies regularly disrupt children's education in developing countries. The digital divide has long since affected low-resource and rural schools' responses to crises that necessitate distance learning, often excluding children in remote and rural parts of countries from internet-dependent online learning programmes. In no place is this truer than in Haiti where, prior to August 2020, political unrest combined with the COVID-19 pandemic caused learners to miss 60% of their scheduled days in the 2019--2020 school year with only 45% of Haitian households having access to a power source, let alone internet or a smart device, that would enable them to participate in online learning. This study presents findings from exploratory research on the readiness of the Haitian education system to withstand crises and the impact of COVID-19 on the system and its learners. Through analyses of secondary data and semi-structured interviews with a variety of education stakeholders, the research reveals gaps in the system's readiness; identifies key challenges prompted by school closures in Haiti and shares a handful of innovative responses developed to respond to these challenges. Findings indicate that the COVID-19 health crisis has not created the need for educational reform in Haiti, but rather, by exacerbating pre-existing gaps and frailties within the system, the pandemic has heightened the urgency with which educational reform must be pursued. Salient gaps include a significant digital divide, financial instability and inattention to learning adjacent needs such as nutrition and psychosocial health for parents and children alike. While this initial research has exposed a series of significant gaps and inequalities in the Haitian education system, moving forward, more comprehensive research is needed to determine how such inequalities can be most effectively addressed. Although the Haitian government has a key role to play in addressing these inequalities, findings from this study reveal that governmental responses to COVID-19 school closures and broader digital learning inequalities, were ineffective in their reach and did not reflect the majority of Haitian learners and their families' realities. Findings also identify numerous innovations and assets on the part of non-governmental actors striving to address these gaps. However, these mechanisms were limited in scope and lacked the coordination among one another and the government that would be required to have scalable or measurable impact. Therefore, more research is needed to determine what the most successful mechanisms for addressing inequalities in the Haitian education system are and how they can be most effectively leveraged and scaled to create a more resilient education system moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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21. Computation of Source for Non-Meshed Coils in a Reduced Domain With A-V Formulation

Author

Ferrouillat, P., Guerin, C., Meunier, G., Ramdane, B., Dular, P., Labie, P., Dupuy, D., Department of Economics, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, 91128, France, affiliation inconnue, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Published
2016
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25. Carbon bonded refractory composites

Author

Mazerat, S., Guillo, P., DeBastiani, D., Martelli, S., Dupuy, D., Huger, Marc, Chotard, Thierry, Axe 1 : procédés céramiques, Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (SPCTS-AXE1), and DERORY, BEATRICE

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

28. Changes in distal sedimentation regime of the Rhone delta system controlled by subaquatic channels (Lake Geneva, Switzerland/France)

Author

Kremer, K., Corella, Juan Pablo, Hilbe, M., Marillier, F., Dupuy, D., Zenhäusern, G., Girardclos, S., Kremer, K., Corella, Juan Pablo, Hilbe, M., Marillier, F., Dupuy, D., Zenhäusern, G., and Girardclos, S.

Abstract

Seismic reflection profiles combined with sediment cores reveal centennial changes in the proximal and distal sedimentation regime in the Rhone River delta system (Lake Geneva), which is dominated by sublacustrine channels. From detailed analyses of the thickness distribution of depositional units and the occurrence of turbidites, at least two shifts of the primarily active sublacustrine channels are inferred for the past 1500. years. The first northward shift is dated at 1480 ± 20. cal. AD and was likely linked to a centennial flood in the Swiss Rhone Valley that occurred in 1469. AD and acted either as a direct cause or as a preconditioning factor favoring the shifting. A shift back southward in 1720 ± 90. cal. AD may have been caused either by long-term human impact related to the first embankment constructions on the Rhone River or by a natural event such as the 1755. AD Brig earthquake or the centennial flood of 1640. AD. Another important change in the sedimentation regime occurs in 1775 ± 125. cal. AD when the onset of Rhone turbidite deposition is recorded in the distal sediments. This relative >progradation> of the Rhone turbidites is certainly due to the disconnection of the Vieux Rhone branch before 1826 and the subsequent first Rhone River correction, starting in 1863 that led to the present single active Rhone subaquatic channel.

Published
2015

29. Influence of Mo back contact porosity on co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film properties and related solar cell

Author

Bommersbach, P., Arzel, Ludovic, Tomassini, M., Gautron, E., Leyder, C., Urien, M., Dupuy, D., Barreau, Nicolas, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Saint-Gobain Recherche (SGR), and SAINT-GOBAIN

Subjects
molybdenum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], CIGSe, sodium
Abstract

International audience; The present study aims at investigating the influence of Ar sputtering gas pressure on the properties of molybdenum back contact (deposited on soda-lime glass) and consequences on co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layer and related solar cell. Films 300nm thick have been grown with argon pressure between 0 center dot 75 and 11 center dot 25mTorr; these films have been characterized by several techniques showing that the increase of the sputtering pressure yields wider amorphous areas, containing oxygen and sodium, between the molybdenum grains, thus higher sheet resistance. The volume ratio of these amorphous areas is referenced to as porosity. The structural and morphological properties of co-evaporated CIGSe have not been reliably observed influenced by the molybdenum porosity; the only noticeable change is the sodium content of the absorber, which increases with the porosity of the back contact. The impact of the amount of sodium on the device performance has been observed to be very important. On the one hand, as already reported, sodium is beneficial for the open-circuit voltage. On the other hand, a too high amount of sodium is detrimental for the fill factor (hindered shunt resistance), thus the cell efficiency; this latter observation is interpreted as a change in the grain boundary electrical properties.

Published
2013
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30. Influence of TiO2 nano-objects characteristics on Caernorhabditis elegans development

Author

Saez, G., Le Trequesser, Q., Devès Guillaume, Barberet, Ph, Habchi, C., Dupuy, D., Delville, M. -H, Seznec, H., Martin, Nathalie, Interface Physique et Chimie pour le Vivant (IPCV), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, technology, industry, and agriculture, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) are in the center of attention, because of their outstanding properties and relatively low cost of production. However, synthesis and utilization of NPs potentially also involve release and accumulation in the environment. Few data are available concerning the potential toxicity of NPs on ecosystems. In this context, we study the ecotoxicological effects of both native and fluorescently-tagged TiO2 nano-objects with different morphologies (P25 Evonik, nanotubes, nanoneedles) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans population. This worm is commonly used in ecotoxicological assays because of its convenient handling in the laboratory, and its sensitivity to different stresses. NPs ingestion by L1 and L4 larvae was studied by fluorescence microscopy and ion beam analysis. NPs were found in the pharynx and in the intestine lumen whatever the larvae stage. The quantity of ingested and detected NPs was dependent of the presence of food during exposure in the medium. Without feeding, an increased NPs ingestion was found in association with a strong intestine anterior dilatation. This phenomenon was also generally observed following starvation and in a longer delay of experiment. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs in C. elegans was evaluated using three different endpoints: lethality, worm length and reproduction. Whatever the NPs and larvae stage, the resulting data obtained showed only mortality in L1 exposed with nanotubes. A significant decrease of worm length was observed for L1 and L4 exposed whatever the morphology of NPs as compared to untreated group. The reproduction of C. elegans was clearly affected with a decrease of the eggs number per worm. Our findings suggest that the NPs toxicity depends very much on their physico-chemical characteristics (size, morphology) and has a different impact on the larvae stage exposed.

Published
2013

31. Internalisation Mechanisms of Modified Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Skin Cells and Multicellular Living Specimens : Resulting Toxicity

Author

Delville, M.H., Simon, M., Girard, A., Barberet, P., Moretto, P., Seznec, H., Dupuy, D., Mas, Virginie, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Interface Physique et Chimie pour le Vivant (IPCV), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph]
Published
2011

32. Toxicity and internalisation mechanisms of modified titanium oxide nanoparticles in skin cells and multicellular living specimens

Author

Delville, M.H., Simon, M., Girard, A., Barberet, P., Moretto, P., Seznec, H., Dupuy, D., Mas, Virginie, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Interface Physique et Chimie pour le Vivant (IPCV), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph]
Published
2011

35. Assessment of uncertainty in computer experiments: from universal kriging to bayesian kriging

Author

Helbert, C., Dupuy, D., Carraro, L., Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, and Six, Grégory

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

36. Strauss Processes: A New Space-filling Design for Computer Experiments (Planification d'expériences numériques à partir du processus ponctuel de Strauss)

Author

Franco, J., Bay, Xavier, Corre, B., Dupuy, D., Six, Grégory, Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

37. Comparaison de différentes méthodes de criblage

Author

Sergent, M., Corre, B., Dupuy, D., Six, Grégory, Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2007

42. La gioia dell'influenzamento: 'jam session' come metafora per la formazione autobiografica

Author

Cappa, F, Negro, C, Gamelli, I, Formenti, L, Carmagnola, F, Serra, C, Senaldi, M, Ferrari, S, Lorrai, M, Dupuy, D, Catalano, A, Arnaud, M, Phillips, B, Hamilton, J, Cassinotti, A, Lorenzi, C, Braida, A., Cappa, Francesco, Negro, Cristina, FORMENTI, LAURA, Cappa, F, Negro, C, Gamelli, I, Formenti, L, Carmagnola, F, Serra, C, Senaldi, M, Ferrari, S, Lorrai, M, Dupuy, D, Catalano, A, Arnaud, M, Phillips, B, Hamilton, J, Cassinotti, A, Lorenzi, C, Braida, A., Cappa, Francesco, Negro, Cristina, and FORMENTI, LAURA

Abstract

Prendendo come spunto una monografia del sociologo ed epistemologo Davide Sparti, dal titolo "Suoni inauditi", l'autrice si interroga sulla possibilità di usare la metafora della musica jazz, e dell'improvvisazione che la caratterizza, per parlare del lavoro autobiografico in educazione. La risposta è positiva, se si intende l'autobiografia come il partecipare a una con-versazione nella quale si com-pone un'identità provvisoria, costruita sul filo del raccontarsi e dell'ascoltarsi/influenzarsi reciproco.

Published
2006

45. Are breast cancer quality metrics being met?

Author

Murphy, A. M., primary, Rauscher, G., additional, Dupuy, D., additional, Alvarez, R., additional, Macarol, T., additional, Knightly, E., additional, Ansell, D., additional, Grabler, P., additional, Robinson, P. A., additional, and Marcus, E. A., additional

Published
2011
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