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This research aims to identify and describe cultural appropriation that were found in Moana. Cultural appropriation is one of the negative actions that can harm one culture. This action generally occurs due to a lack of understanding and appreciation of a culture. Based on Rogers[6] cultural appropriation as the use of a culture's symbols, artifacts, genres, rituals, or technologies by members of another culture, is inescapable when cultures come into contact, including virtual or representational contact. Rogers also divided cultural appropriation into four types, there are cultural exchange, cultural dominance, cultural exploitation, and transculturation. Based on Rogers theory above, cultural appropriation that were found in Moana is cultural exploitation. This research was used Qualitative descriptive method. The source data of this research are from “Moana” by Ron Clements and John Musker. This movie was released in 2016 with 113 minutes duration. This analysis shows there are four points of cultural appropriation that were found in “Moana”. Firstly, depiction figure of “Maui”, a demigod figure illustrated very different from the original form in the movie Moana. Secondly, depiction of Kakamora people. Thirdly, depiction of the cliché coconuts. Fourthly, Disney removing Maui’s family out of the tale. This leads to deviations in views towards the representatives of the population and Polynesian beliefs.

Digital libraries in the XXI century have become the most important sources of information in all branches of science and technology, the main direction of development of world librarianship, any information activities. The first electronic library was Project Gutenberg, founded by Michael Hart exactly 50 years ago. It became world famous only in the 90s, after the appearance of Internet and the first browsers. Hart dreamed of 10,000 digitized books, and by his admission, he achieved all the goals that he set for himself. In Russia, one of the first and most significant is Maxim Moshkov’s library (1994). This paper traces the stages of creation of these libraries and the biographies of their creators; the difficulties in their work are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the issues of copyright duration legislation.

Short films are often underestimated for their lack of duration. People think that the short duration will affect to how the messages are conveyed. However, short films are now very popular. There is even a category of best short film in Academy Awards, or well-known as Oscars. The Neighbors’ Window is one of many Oscars’ winners for best short film. This research aims to find out how jealousy is represented in the short film The Neighbors’ Window by Marshall Curry. This method of this research uses a theory from Saussure called semiotics. This research also uses an approach of Representation theory by Mary Beltran and Stuart Hall. Most of the data in this article is taken from scenes in the short film which later are connected with the theories. This result of this research shows that the important scenes presented in this movie are representation of Jealousy towards each character. This research shows that the movie is about jealousy presented by the symbols in the movie using some analytical research by applying the two theories.

In the meditative state time appears to slow down and in the present moment it expands. However, to date, there is no investigation of the effect of meditative state on the structure of the “psychological moment”; this is the measurable, minimal duration of the moment “now.” In this study, we examined the effect on the psychological moment of a mindfulness intervention against an intervention in which participants listened to classical music. The psychological moment was measured using a simultaneity-detection paradigm from which the threshold between reports that two targets changed luminance simultaneously or with an asynchrony is normally taken as the duration of the moment. In line with previous research, this paradigm allowed for examination of the effects of the subthreshold synchronized, or asynchronized target onsets, which occurred prior to the luminance change of the targets. While there was no overall difference in the psychological moment pre- and post-, and as a function of the type of intervention, a bias against reporting simultaneity following presentation of a subthreshold asynchrony, which lowered thresholds and so shortened the psychological moment, was reduced after the mindfulness intervention. From this we conclude that even brief mindfulness meditation can encourage a more focalized attentional response, which can in turn be used to normalize psychological time.

In public discourse trauma is predominantly framed as an overwhelming event undergone by the individual. In this article I first provide a brief genealogy to trace the emergence of what is now the dominant temporal framework of psychological catastrophe. I supplement this evental nosology with a durational consideration of trauma by drawing on the works of Henri Bergson and his articulation of duration, memory, and lived experience. Durational trauma accommodates liminal and ongoing experiences of the catastrophic that are equally devastating to the paradigmatic exemplars of PTSD. This alternate account entails different modalities of reparation and responsibility to the systemic traumatization of others. For this I draw on Levinas and his intersubjective ethics drawing out the relevancy his work has for this concept of durational trauma. Levinas’s emphasis on expiation avoids the reification of the trauma of the other as spectacle and draws into focus one’s own participation in the circulation and continuation of ongoing traumatic networks. This contributes to the emergent alchemy of reading Bergson and Levinas together, but likewise, to philosophy of trauma and the ethical responsibility and temporality of ongoing systemic harm.

The article provides proof that the concept of time articulated in Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century was very close to the understanding of time in the philosophy of Henri Bergson. This explains the close attention of Russian culture to the philosophical system of the French thinker at the beginning of the twentieth century. It also allows us to hypothesize about the possible influence of the ideas of Russian philosophers of the late nineteenth century on Bergson (more specifically, the influence of the ideas of Leo Tolstoy is justified). Bergson’s most original idea is the recognition of the metaphysical primacy of the subjective, inner time of the human in relation to physical time. In physical time, only the moment of the present has real existence; in internal time, designated by Bergson as duration, all moments of the past are preserved as real, and this is expressed by memory. Internal time turns out to be the spiritual Absolute from which the entire material world originates. A very similar metaphysical concept is presented in Pyotr Chaadaev’s Philosophical Letters. According to Chaadaev, each person is directly involved in the spiritual Absolute (God), which has the characteristic of integral time. In this time, all moments are in unity, and there is no division into the past, present, and future; this division arises only in the time intrinsic to the material reality that originates from the spiritual Absolute. In the religious teaching of Leo Tolstoy, personality is defined as the appearance of God within the limits of material existence, so a person is simultaneously involved in the earthly physical time and absolute time, which manifests itself through memory. The article concludes that Bergson’s ideas determined the most important features of Russian avant-garde culture of the twentieth century; in particular, thanks to them, the opposite trends of Russian thought were brought to unity: metaphysics of pan-unity and personalism.

Some find it plausible that a sufficiently long duration of torture is worse than any duration of mild headaches. Similarly, it has been claimed that a million humans living great lives is better than any number of worm-like creatures feeling a few seconds of pleasure each. Some have related bad things to good things along the same lines. For example, one may hold that a future in which a sufficient number of beings experience a lifetime of torture is bad, regardless of what else that future contains, while minor bad things, such as slight unpleasantness, can always be counterbalanced by enough good things. Among the most common objections to such ideas are sequence arguments. But sequence arguments are usually formulated in classical logic. One might therefore wonder if they work if we instead adopt many-valued logic. I show that, in a common many-valued logical framework, the answer depends on which versions of transitivity are used as premises. We get valid sequence arguments if we grant any of several strong forms of transitivity of ‘is at least as bad as’ and a notion of completeness. Other, weaker forms of transitivity lead to invalid sequence arguments. The plausibility of the premises is largely set aside here, but I tentatively note that almost all of the forms of transitivity that lead to valid sequence arguments seem intuitively problematic. Still, a few moderately strong forms of transitivity that might be acceptable lead to valid sequence arguments, although weaker statements of the initial value claims avoid these arguments at least to some extent.

Reconfigurando linguagens desde as experimentações híbridas das décadas de 1960 e 1970, a arte vem empreendendo ampla variedade de trabalhos com as mídias, a exemplo das instalações audiovisuais. A partir de uma estética não-essencialista e que considera a tecnologia, esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar o dispositivo “Suspense”, de Katia Maciel. Ele forma um campo imagético envolvendo o cinema, o vídeo, a fotografia e a literatura. Um espaço virtual que, à luz de Bergson, valoriza o tempo como duração, matéria, percepção, memória e invenção, a potencialização do corpo e o rompimento com a narrativa linear. Entre a ética pautada nas relações da natureza com o meio urbano e a estética, “Suspense" deseja forçar o pensamento e a mudança nos modos de ver e viver no mundo.

The ‘I’ fractured by time – if Deleuze returns repeatedly to this seemingly minor moment in Kant's system, it is not simply to sound anew the theme of ‘difference’ (this time, with an a priori accent). No, Deleuze turns to this ‘interior drama’ for the same reason that Kant, in the Opus Postumum, returns to it: it presents the most direct passage from ‘interior’ (self) to ‘exterior’ (Nature). But Kant's late complication of the transcendental field undermines several of his most cherished theses – in particular, the fixity of the table of categories, the homogeneity of the forms of intuition (Space and Time) and the rights of logical determinacy. It is left to Deleuze to radicalise Kant's critique along the lines of time. In contending with this fissure, Deleuze inaugurates nothing less than a truly genetic philosophy of Nature – one that would think with Nature rather than of it. Only one caught in this labyrinthine flow could inquire into the possibility of radical metamorphosis.

The paper analyses Aleksei F. Losev’s position in respect to the notion of time, which he considers in a dialectical perspective. The Russian philosopher proceeds from the Platonic interpretation of the relationship between the one and the many, according to which each plurality carries in itself a unifying principle, as its ontological grounding. This anti-modern perspective represents a rejection of the positivist “objectification” of the world, which introduced the “metaphysical” notions of absolute space and time. According to Losev, time as an indefinite continued progress of events that occur in an apparently irreversible succession (from the past, through the present, into the future) does not exist as such and cannot be considered other than within the framework of the overall unity of temporal fragments, so that they acquire a common background. By placing the interpretation of time on the ontological plan, in its dialectical connection with its opposite (eternity), Losev manages to overcome the problem of the measurability of time, raised in Aristotle’s definition of time as a “measure of motion.” Losev also rejects modern subjectivist ideas about time as an experience of the present (Husserl) or as pure duration (Bergson), both conceptions inevitably leading to the problem of identifying in the continuous flow of time a stable (extratemporal) ground that serves as the basis for any temporal change. Besides that, Losev’s approach to the interpretation of time leads to criticism of the modern idea of progress, understood as an endless striving for the future, which always remains unattainable. The main task then is to find “mobile rest,” a unifying principle that can give meaning to human existence through the combination of past, present and future.

This article proposes that of all the different ways that social connections are formed the most important factor is time. Given how central it is to the development of relationships, the article argues that projects aiming to improve community relations should extend their duration rather than truncate it for the sake of cost-efficiency or quick and apparent success. The project of specific focus is the making of community murals which is laden with potential but only when it is conceived in the entirety of the process rather than simply as an end product. This potential is based on the idea that more time, if used carefully and critically, can play a greater role in fostering positive relations in contexts where civic engagement is strained. Several case studies will be referenced from the United States of America and Northern Ireland, two societies that share both a tradition of mural making and social division, in terms of race relations and ethnonational/religious sectarianism respectively. Practical insights from these cases substantiate the central argument that the mural process affords moments for valuable cross-community contact, critical discussion, and meaningful reflection. When this approach is adopted, time can be best served in repairing social connections, creating new bonds and even mitigating further tension.

More than the recognition, perception, and interpretation of written materials, reading has been dubbed as our bridge to other skills that are necessary for academic success. Subsequently, one way for teachers to monitor both the quantity and quality of output of the students is through Classroom discourse analysis, which is an aspect of classroom process research (Jiang, 2012). This paper, therefore, aimed to determine teacher’s questioning vis-à-vis students’ reading strategies in the case of an ESL reading class in one of the private schools in Zamboanga City, Philipenese through classroom discourse analysis. As a qualitative endeavor, it made use of classroom observations with the aid of an audio recorder to enable the analysis. A total of 131 exchanges were generated in a 45-minute discussion, with roughly 25 minutes allotted to the said discourse, and the rest for other activities. Teacher-Pupil-Teacher (TPT) captured as Teacher-Student-Teacher (TST) in the case of this paper, is the recurring sequence during the whole duration of the discourse. Discourse analysis that was done to an audio recording transcript of a reading class observation revealed patterns that are primarily present in some, if not most, discourse analysis (DA) research literature. Interestingly, it, however, uncovered the following: for teacher’s way of questioning (in this case, echoice and epistemic), epistemic questions (mostly, rhetorical for this matter), were made reference(s) by the students in answering questions. Consequently, the lesson or activity became, to some extent, communicative, because of the above mentioned points.

Time is an important element in modern literature, has always been one of the most important themes of Virginia Woolf’s novels. The purpose of this paper is to look at Woolf treatment of the movement of time within the conscious mind in the novel in title of To the Light House by Virginia Woolf. One conclusion drawn from this study is that Woolf began to use time as a literary element, thereby decreasing her development of plot and characterization. A second conclusion is that she was greatly influenced by the philosophy of Henri Bergson and that consequently her writing increasingly reflects the fluid movement of time within consciousness. This paper demonstrates that Virginia Woolf used time as a formal element of narrative to show the relationship of time to human consciousness; and she never overlooked the fact that time moves human beings toward death. For Woolf, life is characterized by endless variety and movement. Its exquisite beauty is enhanced by knowing that we humans live short lives and lose everything when we die.

Entre 1925 et 1939, l’artiste canadienne Pegi Nicol MacLeod a réalisé un certain nombre d’autoportraits modernistes, intimes et introspectifs. Les critiques et les collègues de MacLeod ont souvent décrit ses peintures comme inachevées, précipitées, bâclées et manquant d’organisation, ce qui vaut pour l’ensemble de son oeuvre. Cet essai est une tentative pour lever le silence dans lequel MacLeod est plongée depuis sa mort, et ce, malgré la grande considération dont jouissait son art de son vivant. Je soutiens que la qualité ouverte, expressionniste et expérimentale des peintures de MacLeod va à l’encontre de la conception masculine du chef-d’oeuvre comme création entièrement aboutie. De plus, la lecture de ses oeuvres comme inachevées témoigne des préjugés liés aux genres dans la réception de son travail. En m’éloignant d’une interprétation psycho-biographique de ses peintures, je soutiens que les autoportraits de MacLeod sont profondément ambigus et incitent à une observation prolongée.

The ‘Goodwin pattern’ — an anti-clockwise rotation in real activity × wage share space recurring at intervals that correspond roughly to the duration of business cycles — is an enduring feature of ...

This article proposes that the temporality of Jonathan Edwards’s aesthetic projection of himself as simultaneously godly and depraved provides an alternative model of early American selfhood from the secular capitalist paradigm of Benjamin Franklin, championed by Max Weber and perpetuated by Charles Taylor’s account of secular time-consciousness in A Secular Age.

The purpose of this study is to describe the meaning of wabi-sabi that contained in the Tai-an tea room at Myokian Shrine, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The research of data is a video from the television program produced by NHK television station with a duration of five minutes named Hyouge Mono: Meihin Meiseki episode 7. The program features three sections of the tea room, there are nijiriguchi (the door), chashitsu (the tea room) and tokonoma (the alcove). This research used John Fiske's television semiotics theory which consists of three levels, the reality level, the representation level and the ideology level to find the codes that seen in the three sections. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The analysis of the reality and representation levels produces an ideology level in the form of a wabi-sabi philosophy represented by the zen aesthetic by Shinichi Hisamatsu. The results of this study indicate that in the Tai-an tea room contain several zen characteristics, there are kanso (simple), datsuzoku (free), fukinsei (asymmetric) and yugen (subtle). These characteristics represent simplicity, resignation, humility and tranquility in wabi-sabi and help to realize the concept of ichi go ichi e that aimed by Sen no Rikyu

This paper studies the causes and duration of conflicts with a war of attrition game featuring overconfident players. We find that overconfidence is neither necessary, nor sufficient to have conflict. Overconfident decision makers are nevertheless more likely to initiate conflict, and to also remain active longer in a conflict. Our main results are that (i) the degree of overconfidence and conflict duration may have an inverted U‐shaped relationship, and (ii) the outcome of the war of attrition may be in favor of a weaker, yet overconfident player. We argue that this simple model helps understanding a host of real‐world conflictive situations.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the “Kriegsgefangenschaft” / “War Captivity” frame, the identification of its slots and their filling based on the headings of German-language memoir and autobiographical texts written by prisoners of war of the First World War. It is noted that these materials did not become the subject of a wide study of Russian-speaking researchers. The author draws attention to the fact that headings, being a strong position of the text, are aimed at attracting the attention of a potential recipient. It has been established that in the course of the author’s semantization, the concept of “captivity” is subject to rethinking: places of stay in captivity (Russia, Siberia) are described as disastrous: the camps become a prison for prisoners of war who, despite the existence of conventions protecting their rights, turn into convicts. It is shown that the slot “time” implies either an exact indication of the historical period (the years of the First World War), or the duration of being in captivity; in isolated cases, we are talking about the age and period of a person’s life. It has been established that the “agent” slot is filled with anthroponyms, indicating nationality, position, rank, profession. The author comes to the conclusion that the identified slots get their further implementation at the text level.

In “Reconstructing Bergson’s Critique of Intensive Magnitude” (abbreviated as “JB”) John Bagby defends Bergson against the criticism that I develop in “Bergson and Intensive Magnitude: Dismantling ...

The article talks about the “heterotopias” and “heterochronias” based on studies of ethnography of duration (Eckert & Rocha, 2013b) in the context of large Brazilian metropolises. We propose a reflection especially in relation to the work Des espaces autres (1967) by Michel Foucault (1984) in which the author criticizes the cumulative conception of time for the understanding of the contemporary world. According to the author, the current epoch is more related to space than to the accumulation of time, because the experiences of juxtaposition and simultaneity are opposed to the experiences of linear and progressive time proposed by the modern epistème. In opposition to the use of heterotopias as a way of neglecting the importance of “heterochronias”, this writing proposes a critical incorporation of Foucault's heterotopology into the studies of the ethnography of duration in contemporary urban spaces.

Widespread belief in economic liberalism in the second half of the nineteenth century, combined with the development of safer, faster, and cheaper transportation, paved the way for huge migration to occur. Between 1850 and 1914, 55 million people departed Europe, with the vast majority heading to the Americas during what Hatton and Williamson term “the age of mass migration”. According to McKeown, something similar in scale and duration took place at approximately the same time – albeit enduring for slightly longer – involving Indians and southern Chinese moving to Southeast Asia and people from north-eastern Asia and Russia to North Asia. However, “the booming of the guns of August 1914 brought to a sudden close the era during which foreigners were relatively free to traverse borders”, according to John Torpey. States in Europe and North America, in particular, reintroduced passport controls with vigour during World War I and instead of lifting these bellicose measures at the end of the conflict, they generally reinforced them. The United States led the way in introducing such restrictions. Following on from the imposition of the 1917 Literacy Act came the 1921 and 1924 US Immigration Acts, which limited arrivals by introducing quotas for countries. The development in much of Europe of the modern welfare state in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century simultaneously gave rise to more restrictive immigration policies in Europe, thereby leading to an even greater distinction between citizens and non-citizens.

In this paper, I use a debate between Albert Einstein and Henri Bergson about the nature of time as a heuristic tool to understand the nature of teacher subjectivity. This debate outlines notions of time as measurable and time as duration or flow. These two interpretations of reality, one from a physicist and one from a philosopher, are used to examine the bi-Discoursal nature of the teacher identity An ethnographic participatory action research project in a preschool class in England finds that teachers operate as both physicist and philosopher, sometimes simultaneously. At times, the teacher is a physicist, measuring the geometry of child development and comparing it to a fixed point of normative expectations. At other times, the teacher is a philosopher, existing in the moment with children and focusing on the lived experience of being. The simultaneous existence of these two identities is a cause of anguish, forming a conflicted and contested self. This, however, is necessary to function in the current educational context and forms an aspect of the care of the self.

To be a priest, a candidate should study philosophy and theology for more or less seven years of duration which is called Initial Formation, which emphasize four dimensions, which are human being, spiritual, intellectual and pastoral. These dimensions are built up at formation house and college. If Initial Formation is passed through, the candidate is anointed to be a priest and he is ready as in persona Christi for pastoral service who has responsibility and duty in the church and the world. For this service, the priest needs a formation for long his priesthood which is called Ongoing Formation. The dimension which is emphasized at Initial Formation is also given in his priesthood with contents combined by pastoral service and stages of priest, which are junior, middle ages, advanced years and retired or sick. The intention of Ongoing Formation is to support the priesthood for the long life of a priest in order to always embody him with the Great Pastor in life and pastoral service.

Mankind has experienced numerous disasters throughout history. Especially events with uncertain effects and duration, such as outbreaks, have been much more devastating. The current COVID 19 pandemic is one of the most striking examples of these disasters. However, the pandemic significantly changes social life behaviors. This change has different dimensions such as psychology, economy, society and environment. The concept of behavior with sociological andpsychological depth is also an important starting point for fields that are not independent of sociallife dynamics such as tourism. As a matter of fact, it is possible that changing behavior patternsdepending on the pandemic conditions will also affect tourism behavior. In this study, firstly, theresults of the research in the literature on pandemic and behavioral changes were examined.Secondly, research results on changes in tourism behavior were evaluated. Finally, a comparisonwas made between the results and inferences were made regarding current tourism behavior. Inthis context, the results of relevant studies show that the changes in social life behavior causedby the pandemic are also reflected in tourism behavior. While the negative consequences of thepandemic will be more effective on the psychological dimension, it is predicted that this situationwill cause a change in holiday, transportation and accommodation preferences.

This article is devoted to the study of the topical issue of the temporal element of the existence of matter. Since time is a form of coordination of changes in objects and their state, it is important to scientifically design the process of cognition of the temporal form of existence, which is manifested in the duration of existence and the sequence of changes in states of all material systems and processes in the world. The paper focuses on the study of proportions in the perception of such states of real phenomena, which are covered by the concepts of “present”, “past” and “future”. After all, the theoretical relationship of these three temporal superpositions has always been one of the relevant aspects, which guaranteed scientific interest in the process of perception of temporal properties. Various doctrinal approaches to the temporal mediation of being are analyzed, which are aimed at certain aspects of the phenomenality of temporal awareness of the nature of events, their delimitation into past, present and future. An interesting philosophical idea has been studied, according to which not only the properties and state of objects can influence time as a characteristic of matter. According to a similar thesis, feedback is possible in nature: time as a relatively independent phenomenon, endowed with its own energy, can influence certain processes and objects that exist in nature. Also considered is the concept of opponents of this theory, who define time exclusively as a form of existence of matter, which, based on the meaning of materialism, is nothing more than a manifestation of content, ie matter itself. As a result, these scientists categorically reject the substantialization of time, that is, giving it the qualities of a special objective substance, an object. The question of the order of change of certain temporal states of a certain phenomenon is also investigated. It has been established that time is an interacting ongoing process directed from the past to the future through the present. In this case, the last category is the starting point from which we learn previous or subsequent events. Attention is paid to the properties of time in relation to its movement from the past to the future in the order of causal interaction. There are always certain positions in space that can be characterized as “before something” or “after something”. When you record a specific moment of events, all other phenomena in relation to them will be on different sides of this section: the past on the one hand, the future – on the other.

In the history of mankind, there has never been a case where, in a brief episode of the life of one generation, mutual economic relations have changed on such a large scale for so many people as they did in China and Russia in 1989-2020. Both countries are undergoing profound structural and institutional changes, but while the former recorded impressive results in terms of developing and catching up with advanced economies, the latter’s achievements have been very modest. This happened due to many factors – from the traditional cultural heritage to geopolitical conditions, from the legacy from the previous state socialism to different natural resources bases – however, the nature and duration of the political leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China and Mikhail Gorbachev in Russia were of fundamental importance. Without taking into account the influence of the thoughts and actions of these two statesmen, it is impossible to understand the essence of tectonic changes that have occurred in the world economy recently.

This is an explorative work on teaching. The understanding of teaching that I use in my work is that teaching is action, it happens in the present – here and now. So, while teaching refers to shorter timespans, education in this understanding refers to timespans that are of a longer duration, meaning education is communication between generations (Hoveid and Hoveid 2019). The notion of teaching I explore draw from experiences, for my own part between nature, dog and human. These are experiences of sensing where one flows through and interconnects with others, so that boundaries are difficult to discern, and hence boundaries are not the point, but rather how sensing bodies and ‘movements between’ create experiences that are constitutive of who we become both as dog and human, in/with nature. Here I am not referring this to learning, as is usual in the equation “teaching and learning”. This does not mean learning is irrelevant, but rather that it is such an encompassing concept I cannot deal with it satisfactorily in this article. Also, I go beyond what is commonly understood as learning, in terms of making a change in someone’s cognitive or emotional structures. This article explores the kind of experiences our sensing body furnish us with and how these transfer to memory, in the here and now bodies sense, and how this creates memories. I argue this is especially important to recognize in teaching, but seldom addressed. I suggest we pay more attention to these experiences of sensing and how it becomes part of individual and collective memories. To me this is a vital and integral part in all teaching, in the present.

This research investigates whether students’ level of domain expertise can be detected during authentic learning activities by analyzing their physical activity patterns. More expert students reduced their manual activity by a substantial 50%, which was evident in fine-grained signal analyses and total rate of gesturing. The quality of experts’ discrete hand movements also averaged shorter in distance, briefer in duration, and slower in velocity than those of non-experts. Interestingly, experts adapted by nearly eliminating gestures on easier problems, while selectively increasing them on harder ones. They also strategically produced 62% more iconic gestures, which serve to retain spatial information in working memory while extracting inferences required to solve problems correctly. These findings highlight the close relation between hand movements and mental state and, more specifically, that hand movements provide an unusually clear window on students’ level of domain expertise. Embodied Cognition and Limited Resource theories only partially account for the present findings, which specify future directions for theoretical work.

The various possibilities of scanning and enacting some Latin metres imply that modern poets or translators trying to reshape them in their own language have first and foremost to choose what to reshape. Though Latin metres govern syllabic duration, verse ictus and word accent, their modern equivalents tend to stick to ictuses or accents alone. The most prominent feature in the few exceptions to this rule is attention to counterpoint. Having translated Odi Barbare into Portuguese, keeping the original metre and style, I argue that Hill is one of these exceptions, study his debts to Carducci, Sidney, and Horace, and show how he deals with counterpoint in one programmatic ode (whose Portuguese translation is given in an appendix).

Since the end of the expansionary period after the Second War, the world economy went through a long period of mediocre growth with a major recession in 2009 and another in 2020. This period is examined following As Time Goes By, the last contribution by Chris Freeman, with the cooperation of this co-author. As a long period of readjustment after the beginning of a structural crisis is imposed by the mismatch between the capabilities of the emerging techno-economic paradigm and the socioinstitutional framework, my argument is that the duration of this transition is explained by the difficult process of replacing a successful institutional setting, that which supported the post-War expansion, by the new accumulation regime that is being constituted. Instead of most of the literature on long waves, which tries to uncover some mechanics of succession of radical technological innovations, this paper addresses different questions: how does the socio-institutional adaptation proceed, and how relevant is this process to explain the length of the downswing since the turning point of the 1970s. In order to investigate such process of readjustment, the conditions for the new rule of financial accumulation are discussed, including the forms and duration of the process of selection, reproduction, and education of the elite, and changes in institutions, norms, and social networks. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study examines the second language (L2) development of variable /s/-weakening in the spontaneous speech of L2 learners of Spanish who studied abroad in either Dominican Republic, where /s/-weakening is widespread, or central Spain, where /s/-weakening is much less common. Learners’ realizations of /s/ were coded impressionistically and acoustically by measuring voicing, center of gravity, and duration. The results show that regardless of the study abroad location, students did not change the amount of sibilance they produced over time. However, they became more nativelike with respect to /s/-voicing and duration. Additionally, whereas some linguistic factors were found to significantly constrain /s/-weakening across groups, learners did not gain sensitivity to all factors that constrain native-speaker /s/-weakening. Findings suggest that exposure to /s/-weakening during a semester abroad is insufficient for learners to adopt this sociolinguistic variable and other social and cognitive factors likely mitigate its integration into the L2 learners’ phonological systems.

The novel corona is keeping people indoors due to the increasing fear and mass confusion, it indeed has affected both the physical as well as mental health. We have been in the lockdown for over 4 months now and majority of us are knackered with the prolonged countrywide lockdown. Life has changed in months and beyond recognition. The virus has not only taken lives globally but also has given an unprecedented shock to the Indian economy. The magnitude of the economic impact depends on the duration of the lockdown, severity of the health issues and the manner in which the situation unfolds once the lockdown is lifted.The above mentioned reasons are sufficient enough for a mental breakdown but if look closely, Despite all the obvious hardships, we’ve shown incredible resilience. During this period of lockdown everybody has started to live a different lifestyle which we could not imagine doing if given a choice.From doing all the household work at one side and balancing work life on other hand.We all come to know how to balance a personal and professional live on a lever of work from home.A new concept of ONLINE STUDIES has become familiar to each and everyone.Even though the pandemic has taken lives of thousands but it has also taught us a more broad spectrum way of looking at world and a way of living also.So in a nutshell there are a lots of things which happened for betterment of human lives and for mother earth as well. As it is said in course of time only the best will survive, this period of pandemic and lockdown was a very demanding and challenging time so only the best will survive.This apparent immortal pandemic has affected mental health to a level that all of us have actually ghosted the brighter side of it ,like the most obvious rationale for a lockdown is that the lockdown will contain and hopefully reduce the number of Covid-19 infections, and possibly give enough time to infected patients to recuperate ,Besides this there are various other positive effects that we as humans haven’t paid attention towards Following are a few unseen positive effects of the Covid 19.

This master thesis is dedicated to the research of space and state that can be determined by the phrase somewhere in between. This phenomenon is understood as an event that is determined by duration, spatial framework and atmosphere, and in which an altered state of consciousness reigns. By staging and arousing this experience, through the elements of scene design, an experience is built which becomes an experience. The starting point of the research is a work of art of stage design called Exhale, inhale – somewhere in between, in the form of an intimate performance, documented by a video, in which I record a dive into the stated second state.

Based on the doctrine of criminal law and law enforcement practice, the article analyzes the concept of suffering as a key characteristic of the particular cruelty manifested in the commission of a crime. It is determined that pain is the main characteristic of suffering, and individual indicators of pain characterize particular suffering as a result of particular cruelty. In conclusion, the author concludes that the medical criterion of particular cruelty should be determined by establishing and clearly fixing the fact of causing pain to the victim, which can be measured and established from the standpoint of the current state and level of development of medicine. Signs of pain constitutively necessary and legally significant for establishing the desired criterion are its intensity and (or) duration, the question of determining which seems logical to relate to the competence of medical science.

El presente trabajo aborda la recepción de la obra de Agustín Espinosa después de la reedición de 1974 de Lancelot, 28°-7° (1929), Media hora jugando a los dados (1933) y Crimen (1934). Se muestran las aportaciones más importantes y las perspectivas críticas adoptadas. Se abor- da, también, la peculiar adopción que hace Espinosa de las estéticas y posiciones cubistas y surrealistas. Este trabajo tiene como perspectiva básica la concepción de durée de Henri Bergson, también readaptada por estudiosos como Vladimir Jankélévitch y, especialmente, por Georges Sebbag en el ámbito de surrealismo y filosofía. La analogía, la duración, la memoria constituyen para Espinosa una manera de interpretar la cultura del pasado y del presente. La durée de Agustín Espinosa desde 1974 hasta la actualidad tiene que ver con sus elecciones y con lo que estaba inscrito en sus palabras como continuidad de una obra y una posición ante la cultura. La «apertura bergsoniana» de su recepción muestra la incidencia de sus elecciones durante las últimas décadas del siglo xx y las primeras del siglo xxi. This article studies the reception of Agustín Espinosa’s work after the 1974 reissue of Lan- celot, 28°-7° (1929), Media hora jugando a los dados (1933) and Crimen (1934). The most important contributions and the critical perspectives adopted are shown. The peculiar adoption by Espinosa of cubist and surrealist aesthetics and positions is also dealt with. The basic perspective of this work is Henri Bergson’s conception of durée, also readapted by scholars such as Vladimir Jankélévitch and, especially, by Georges Sebbag in the field of surrealism and philosophy. For Espinosa, analogy, duration and memory constitute a way of interpreting the culture of the past and the present. Agustín Espinosa’s durée from 1974 to the present has to do with his choices and with what was inscribed in his words as continuity of a work and a position before culture. The “Bergsonian opening” of his recep- tion shows the incidence of his choices during the last decades of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21th century.

Between the potential to and the potential not to, according to Giorgio Agamben, there is a process of a creative (poetic) act, as an act of resistance towards the end of one's own completion, in this context analyzed through the work of feminist artist Ana Mendieta. Regarding the (in)completeness, Mendieta’s oeuvre exemplifies a perfect illustration that the disappearance of her art work is a way of communication that resists production of any formal finality, as a process within which the traces of the media used (her own body) also disappear because of the time and circumstances left to nature. The dematerialization of artwork in Mendieta’s case epitomized one of possible aspects of exposing the act of resistance as a realization of a quantum of potential through the event, appearing as a poetics of inoperativity as defined by Agamben and erasing boundaries between the inception and the performativity of the poetic time, a duration that is not limited to one existence or aesthetic phenomenon. In the intersection between early feminist art practices (based on essentialism) and the second wave that relied on anti-essentialism as a new conception, Mendieta's work positioned its own dialectic among the separated feminist views about the use of the female body as a medium. Key words: potential, poetic act, act of resistance, event, dematerialization, inoperativity, female body

The article consists of three among them thematically independent sections, which deal with A) the meaning ofhierochomium in a letter (XI 2) of Gregory the Great, a hapax legomenon due to his meagre knowledge of Greek, B) the fate ofthe Orobiotae (a group of migrants from Argos, who—according to the Chronicle of Monemvasia—had left the Peloponnese inthe late 6th or early 7th century), mentioned in the Annales regni Francorum ad annum 809, and C) the duration of a journeyundertaken by Liutprand, bishop of Cremona and western ambassador to the Byzantine court, according to his Antapodosis VI4. The sea-voyage is said to have lasted 24 days, which cannot be true. A possible explanation of this error is offered.

The study aims to identify the level of authentic happiness among couples and the differences in authentic happiness between spouses concerning the marriage duration. The study relies on the descriptive approach whereas the sample consisted of (70) educated husbands and wives whose ages range between (25-47) years. The study utilizes the authentic happiness scale by “Martin Seligman translated by Safaa Al-Asr”. The study shows that the level of authentic happiness among spouses is higher than the average. Also, there are statistically significant differences in authentic happiness among spouses according to the marriage duration, where the differences are in favor of the marriage duration exceeding (8) years.

In this paper the author presents several main elements of the celebration of Đuren among the Gorani in Prizrenska Gora, an event which, according to the date of the event, coincides with the celebration of Ortodox St. George's Day. The elements of Đuren's celebration the author tries to present taking into account its actors, and the clear spatial and temporal frameworks in which they take place. With this approach, the aim of the paper is to offer a concrete, precise presentation of the main elements of Đuren's celebration, which could be used as an ethnographic material for repeated research of the same phenomenon and comparative monitoring of its duration and possible changes within its structure. The results presented in the paper were obtained from the field research conducted in Gorani village of Vraništa at the end of 2018 and during the celebration of Đuren in 2019. The results achieved by the research showed that the main elements of Đuren's celebration include phenomena of a public, collective character, which imply a mass gathering of members of the Gorani community, and which the Gorani in Prizrenska Gora perceive as a feature of their culture and part of their tradition. Viewed chronologically, the elements of a collective character on the occasion of the celebration of Đuren, recorded in the village of Vraništa, include muzika, tupani and korzo. The content of these elements indicates the solemn character of Đuren's celebration, by which it can be described as a festivity, composed of music and dance segments. Based on ethnographic material collected in 2018-2019, it can be seen that the characteristics of the celebration of Đuren, mentioned by researchers who have dealt with this phenomenon in previous years and decades, are noticeable even today, which testifies of the importance that this event still has for the Gorani. The results presented in the paper point to the conclusion about the continuity of the researched phenomena, which importance is reflected especially from the aspect of their role as a factor by which the Gorani express their belonging to their community. The presented material also indicates the importance of the elements of Đuren's celebration from the aspect of maintaining and establishing ties among the Gorani (especially among youth), but it also raises the question of the role of these elements as a way of expressing gender and generational structure within the Gorani community. The results of the research, finally, point out all the complexity of celebrating Đuren as an event. The elements of this event, the dynamics of their duration, the structure and the role they play in the life of the Gorani, not only in the village of Vraništa, but also in other villages in Prizrenska Gora, have yet to be researched in more detail.

Classroom Capsules are short (1–3 pages) notes that contain new mathematical insights on a topic from undergraduate mathematics, preferably something that can be directly introduced into a college ...

In recent years, scholars of civil wars have increasingly focused on their intractability, leading to two main lines of research. Whilst one focuses on the duration of civil wars, the other concent...

Even though meteorologists have been aware of atmospheric blocking for more than 100 years, it is a phenomenon still not well forecast or completely understood. Also, while there is not one standard accepted definition, there are some commonalities known about the understanding of blocking behavior. Blocking occurs less often than other destructive phenomena, but globally their occurrence has increased since the beginning of the century. The longevity of blocking means it can negatively impact agricultural and economic activity and human comfort by bringing extreme conditions not only to the areas where they occur but also to locations well upstream and downstream. Additionally, while it is known where blocking occurs and their general character has been well described, operational models still struggle to replicate the intensity and duration even though improvement has been noted in the timing and location of onset. Climatologically, models still underestimate their occurrence. In the last 40 years, investigators have used case study analysis and numerical and theoretical models to understand the onset and maintenance of blocking. Comparatively few have examined block decay. This review endeavors to cover the highlights of the history of blocking investigations, especially in the last few decades, in order to provide an understanding for a more general scientific audience.

Dalam ajaran Islam, Allah memerintahkan hamba-Nya untu memanfaatkan waktu dengan sebaik-baiknya, karena waktu merupakan hal yang sangat urgen sehingga memanfaatkan waktu merupakan amanat Allah kepada makhluk-Nya. Karena demikian urgenya peranan waktu, maka Allah berkali-kali bersumpah dengan menggunakan kata yang menunjukkan waktu-waktu tertentu. Al-Qur‟an juga menggunakan term yang menunjukkan waktu yang berbeda-beda. Didalam al-Qur‟an pengungkapan waktu terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu term yang menunjukkan durasi yang jelas batasanya seperti ghada>h, ‘ashr, bukrah, ashi>la, ‘asyiyya’, ‘isya’, layl, naha>r, yawm, syahr, ‘am, sanah.sedangkan term yang menunjukkan durasi yang tidak jelas batasanya seperti waqt, dahr, ajal, hin dan sa‟ah. Term yang menunjukkan durasi yang jelas batasanya berisi tentang waktu-waktu tertentu atau momentum kebajikan, waktu untuk beribadah dan juga menunjukkan perjalanan waktu atau perputaran matahari dan bulan dimana semua kejadian tersebut dapat dikatahui oleh manusia. Sedangkan term yang menunjukkan durasi yang tidak jelas batasanya berisi tentang keniscayaan, kebangkitan, penguasaan ruh dan maut, penentuan kematian, dan kebangkitan dan hari kiamat dimana hal tersebut tidak dapat diketahui oleh siapapun, seperti dahr digunakan untuk saat berkepanjangan yang dilalui alam raya dalam kehidupan dunia ini yaitu sejak diciptakan-Nya sampai punahnya alam, ajal menunjukkan waktu berakhirnya sesuatu seperti berakhirnya usia manusia, sa‟ah menunjukkan akhir masa kehidupan duniawi serta kepunahan alam dan lain-lain.

Contemporary sociology has significantly changed the concept of space and time. According to Wallerstein, time and space represent a reality that sociology has long neglected. The situation is different in historical sciences, in which, as White states, the narrative approach prevails, and in historical sociology. The authors focus on time and space as frames for the historically oriented explanation. Thus, time can be understood in different ways - as passing, duration, measure, moment appropriate for an action or change. Different forms of time represent different frames for interpreting social events. Space is often interpreted in the relational perspective - as an order of relations formed by interacting subjects. The frame, in which we place an event, determines how we see and think about space and time. Reflections on time were significantly influenced by Braudel, who distinguished three levels of historical time. Today, the issue of space and time-space is considered by social geography, which provides some insights for sociology, as Giddens shows, especially when examining modernization and globalization. The sociological concept of time-space was developed by Wallerstein, who distinguished five types of space-time: episodic-geopolitical, conjunctural-ideological, structural, eternal, and transformative. These types of space-time provide different perspectives for the analysis of specific historical events. One of the reasons why Wallerstein places such an emphasis on space-time is that he believes that we are in the transformative time-space, which marks the end of the long structural space-time of the world system. Therefore, we face opposing historical choices and have no certainty, except that every step we take will have serious consequences.

Retomamos o processo criativo e conceitual proposto para o minicurso Corpo e duração, realizado no IV Seminário de Estética e Crítica da Arte: políticas da recepção, ocorrido em setembro de 2019, na Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP. São apresentados os eixos disparadores e mobilizadores da conexão corpo e duração, vinculados aos movimentos e à persistência do vivo, em sua relação com a cultura, os afetos e os modos de existir. O acontecimento agenciou temporalidades distintas: uma corporal, com suas mobilizações e variações estéticas e clínicas, entretecida ao trabalho conceitual, instaurando aberturas críticas. Considerou-se a experiência clínica, a partir da terapia ocupacional, que situa a proposta oferecida num território de efetuação do pensamento filosófico, manejo de conceitos e orientação às circunstâncias exigidas no trato direto com a vida das pessoas atendidas nesse campo. Trabalhou-se performativamente, destacando que a constituição de algo (do corpo, da subjetividade, do gênero) se dá por atos, gestos, experiências e jogos de linguagem, – em diálogo com experimentos artísticos dos anos 60, e prosseguindo nas performances e práticas artísticas contemporâneas que entretecem questionamentos estéticos, sociais e políticos. Essas práticas, ligadas às formulações e reflexões filosóficas pós-estruturalistas e contemporâneas e às inserções no campo clínico, problematizam a produção do conhecimento coletivo.

The article focuses on two lecture courses - The Idea of time and The History of the Idea of Time - delivered by the French philosopher Henri Bergson at Collge de France in 1901-1903. While these courses cannot replace Bergsons published works for understanding his philosophy, they can shed new light on Bergsons popularity. Due to the requirements of the genre, Bergson presents his views in a most succinct and convincing manner and showcases his most original ideas. In these lectures Bergson reinterprets traditional philosophical categories such as the absolute and the relative, the infinite and the finite, and explores two major modes of cognition - conceptual and intuitive knowledge. Major thrust of Bergsons arguments is targeted at conceptual cognition because it is incapable of grasping the duration. Conceptual cognition relies on signs to operate representations of reality. Bergson demonstrates that signs, including concepts, are general, fixating and they appeal to action. Conceptual cognition, therefore, is based on fragmenting continuous processes in reality. However, when discussing intuitive cognition Bergson provides but an outline by referring to intellectual sympathy, plunging into the thing in itself. Despite this apophatic description of the alternative - intuitive - mode of cognition Bergson insists on fundamental transformation of philosophy. We conclude that already in the early 1900s Bergson has in mind an entire project of reconstituting metaphysics and reorienting it towards the problem of time, what might be described as temporal turn in philosophy of the twentieth century.