1,044 results on '"Dureza"'
Search Results
2. Efecto del peróxido de carbamida a diferentes concentraciones sobre la microdureza del esmalte bovino.
- Author
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Casma Becerra, Juan Raul
- Subjects
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CARBAMIDE peroxide , *MICROHARDNESS testing , *MICROHARDNESS , *DENTAL enamel , *ENAMEL & enameling - Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effect of bleaching agents based on carbamide peroxide in different concentrations on the microhardness of bovine enamel. Material and Methods: In vitro study. 60 samples of bovine enamel were used, divided into two groups according to the assigned agent: carbamide peroxide (Opaslescense PF, Ultradent), at 35% and 15%. Next, the bleaching agent was applied to the samples, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The surface microhardness of enamel was evaluated by Vickers microhardness test, before and after application of the bleaching agent. The relationship between variables was evaluated using Student's t-test. Results: The study found no significant differences between the microhardness groups treated with 15% and 35% carbamide peroxide, both at the beginning and after the application of the bleaching agent (p:0.160 and p:0.584 respectively). However, when considering the concentrations separately, both bleaching agents caused a decrease in the microhardness of the enamel (p<0.001 in both cases). Conclusions: Both bleaching agents caused a decrease in the superficial microhardness of the enamel, the effect was similar for both concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTRUTURAS E DUREZA DAS LIGAS Al-2,5%Ni, Al-4%Cu-2,5%Ni, Al-4%Ni e Al-9%Ni SOLIDIFICADAS EM REGIME TRANSIENTE DE EXTRAÇÃO CALOR.
- Author
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da Silva Nascimento, Luiz Gabriel, Silva da Costa, Deibson, and Gomes Souza, Esaú
- Subjects
TERNARY alloys ,ALUMINUM alloys ,COLUMNAR structure (Metallurgy) ,ALUMINUM construction ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Effect of cold plasma technique on the quality of stored fruits - A case study on apples.
- Author
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Jihad, Ghaith H., Al-Sammarraie, Mustafa A. J., and Al-Aani, Firas
- Subjects
LOW temperature plasmas ,FRUIT quality ,WATER hardness ,PLASMA jets ,PLASMA pressure ,WATER immersion ,FRUIT storage ,APPLES - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. CAD/CAM Materials for Endocrown Restorations: Evaluation of Microhardness, Flexural Strength, and Surface Characterization.
- Author
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Martins Raimundo, Ágatha Christie, Luiz Silva, Clarisse Maria, da Silva Souza, Taynara Franciele, Tôrres Neto, Antonio José, Vieira Grangeiro, Manassés Tércio, and Gonçalves de Figueiredo, Viviane Maria
- Subjects
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ENDODONTICS , *MATERIALS testing , *IN vitro studies , *COMPUTER-aided design , *SURFACE properties , *DENTAL materials , *SYNTHETIC gums & resins , *DENTAL crowns , *DENTAL metallurgy , *SILICATES , *LITHIUM , *TENSILE strength , *PHYSIOLOGIC strain , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *SPECTRUM analysis , *TOOTH fractures , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Endocrowns have emerged as a promising option for restoring endodontically treated teeth, offeringa restorable fracture scenario. However, regarding the choice of material and its fracture resistance, there are gaps in the literature regarding the best indication. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the effect of restorative materials for CAD-CAM in the manufacture of endocrown restorations, through an in Vitro study on hardness and fracture resistance. For the study, CAD-CAM blocks were transformed into discs 12 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick (specimens). Three restorative materials were evaluated and distributed into experimental groups (N=12 specimens): Leucita-Reinforced Ceramic/IPS Empress CAD (MRleu), Lithium Disilicate/IPS Emax CAD (MRdis) and Nanoceramic Resin/Lava Ultimate (MRres). These restorative materials were evaluated for morphology (N=1) by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface chemistry (N=1) by dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). The specimens were evaluated when the Vikers micro hardness (N=1) with a load of 1kg and 10 indentations, as well as the resistance to biaxial flexion (N=10) at a test speed of 0.5 mm/min. After the fracture occurred, the fragments were examined under a stereomicroscope. The results were tabulated and analyzed using the Minitab statistical program. The results showed that the MRdis material demonstrated superior results in relation to hardness (P=0.000) and biaxial bending resistance (P=0.000), followed by MRleu andfinally the MRres. The presence of inorganic particles on an organic matrix and the presence of Zirconium (Zr) stands out in Lava Ultimate. It was concluded that restorative materials for CAD-CAM in the manufacture of Endocrowns restorations have a significant effect on hardness and mechanical strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Integridad superficial en superficies cortadas por distintos métodos de corte
- Author
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Milton Fabian Coba-Salcedo, Francisco Jose Sorzano-Jimenez, and Edwin Enrique Peralta-Hernández
- Subjects
integridad superficial ,canal de corte ,dureza ,rugosidad superficial ,microestructura ,metalografía ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Al momento de seleccionar materiales se deben tomar diferentes decisiones para elegir el material adecuado según la aplicación, las propiedades del material determinan su uso final, en este contexto cuando se selecciona un material se debe considerar los diferentes procesos a los que será sometido antes de llegar a su aplicación final, porque estos procesos pueden provocar transformaciones en las diferentes propiedades. En el caso de los aceros se debe tener en cuenta si el elemento será sometido a algún tratamiento térmico, o el método con el que será cortado, ya que hay evidencia que este influye en las propiedades superficiales y microestructura del material. Este artículo describe el estudio que se realizó para analizar la dureza, la rugosidad y la microestructura del canal de corte en un acero ASTM-A36, en estado de suministro para tomar estos valores como referencia para los procedimientos posteriores. Se plantea cortar el material con métodos de corte usados convencionalmente en la industria metalmecánica y de la construcción, y también se cortan con otros procesos no convencionales usados en menor proporción en la industria. Se realizan cortes similares para mantener la homogeneidad de la prueba y analizar las caras del corte en cada probeta de manera similar. Se realizan los cortes a las probetas con los métodos de corte convencionales (fresadora, oxicorte y tronzadora) y los no convencionales (hilo por electroerosión y plasma), manteniendo en lo posible parámetros de corte y de trabajo similares. Posteriormente se analiza la superficie cortada –canal de corte- de cada una de las probetas midiendo dureza, rugosidad y tomando imagen microscópica de su microestructura. Estos ensayos permiten cuantificar los cambios que se presentan en el material dependiendo del método de corte usado y definir según cada método que tanto puede afectar la aplicación final del material. Al obtener los resultados se realizan graficas comparativas entre todos los métodos usados y se establecen las diferencias encontradas entre ellos. A partir de estos resultados y comparaciones se generan las conclusiones del estudio.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Influencia de las condiciones de mecanizado en la microdureza y la microestructura del Hastelloy C-276
- Author
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Bruno Cuevas Lozano and Jimmy E. Sosa Vargas
- Subjects
aleación ,superaleaciones ,torneado ,maquinabilidad ,dureza ,Social Sciences ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Se analizó la influencia de las condiciones de mecanizado en la microdureza, la dureza superficial y la microestructura durante el torneado del Hastelloy C-276, de aplicación en la producción de piezas para la industria del níquel. Para ello se realizó un estudio de la variación de la dureza superficial de la pieza en función del tiempo principal de corte y de la microdureza en función del radio de la herramienta. Los resultados arrojaron que durante el torneado de la aleación Hastelloy C-276 existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la dureza HRC media y el tiempo principal de corte. Se comprueba a partir del análisis de la microestructura que el incremento de la microdureza Vickers es ocasionado por el efecto de la acritud que origina un endurecimiento de la capa de material inmediatamente inferior a la superficie cortada y por tanto una disminución de la vida de la herramienta y de la maquinabilidad del material.
- Published
- 2023
8. Corrosion resistance of nitrogenated high-carbon martensitic stainless steel designed and produced at nitrogen low pressures.
- Author
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Miguel Coha-Vesga, Pablo, Yuuki-Koga, Guilherme, Emilio Mendoza-Oliveros, Martin, Gil-Coury, Francisco, and Mujica-Roncery, Lais
- Subjects
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MARTENSITIC stainless steel , *CORROSION resistance , *STAINLESS steel , *HARD materials , *TOOL-steel , *SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
A new martensitic stainless steel with high nitrogen and carbon content at low pressures was designed using the CALPHAD method. The chemical composition of the steel was checked by optical emission spectrometry, obtaining 0.17 wt%-N and 1.33 wt%-C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were carried out for microstructural characterization. The properties of the steel were assessed by Rockwell hardness and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.6M NaCl. The steel showed maximum hardness values of 60 HRC, regarded as a hard material. However, the passive film formation was prevented by the high carbon content promoting excessive Cr-rich carbides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Controlling the hardness and wear resistance of opaque white glaze by addition of halloysite clay in the composition
- Author
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Neslihan Tamsu Selli and Neslihan Basaran
- Subjects
Halloysita ,Esmalte opaco brillante ,Dureza ,Tenacidad a la fractura ,Viscosidad de la fase vítrea ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
The effect of adding 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 2.0 wt.% halloysite clay, which calcined and uncalcined form, was studied on the glossy opaque glaze hardness and mechanical properties. Since the most significant disadvantage of opaque glazes is low hardness, halloysite particles with higher toughness were added to glazes to increase this property. Since more stable halloysite tubes were obtained after the calcination process, both calcined and uncalcined halloysite additions were made to see the effect of calcination, and the obtained results were examined. Detailed technological, mechanical and microstructural characterization studies were done on glazed samples. In addition, the change in the melting behavior of the glaze and the glassy phase viscosity of the addition of halloysite was also examined and interpreted considering hot stage microscope analyses. Compared to standard glossy opaque glaze, almost all the halloysite added samples displayed similar optical properties but higher hardness, surface wear resistance, and fracture toughness values. Among the case studies, the 2% halloysite addition by weight (uncalcined and calcined form) showed the highest mechanical properties. Resumen: Se estudió el efecto de la adición de 0,1, 0,3, 0,6, 1,0 y 2,0% en peso de arcilla de haloisita, en forma calcinada y sin calcinar, sobre la dureza y las propiedades mecánicas del esmalte opaco brillante. Dado que la desventaja más significativa de los vidriados opacos es la baja dureza, se agregaron partículas de haloisita con mayor dureza a los vidriados para aumentar esta propiedad. Dado que se obtuvieron tubos de haloisita más estables después del proceso de calcinación, se hicieron adiciones de haloisita tanto calcinada como sin calcinar para ver el efecto de la calcinación, y se examinaron los resultados obtenidos. Se realizaron estudios detallados de caracterización tecnológica, mecánica y microestructural sobre muestras vidriadas. Además, el cambio en el comportamiento de fusión del vidriado y la viscosidad de la fase vítrea de la adición de haloisita también se examinó e interpretó considerando análisis microscópicos de platina caliente. En comparación con el esmalte opaco brillante estándar, casi todas las muestras añadidas de haloisita mostraron propiedades ópticas similares pero valores más altos de dureza, resistencia al desgaste superficial y tenacidad a la fractura. Entre los estudios de caso, la adición de 2% de haloisita en peso (forma calcinada y sin calcinar) mostró las propiedades mecánicas más altas.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Influencia de tres modelos agroforestales sobre la calidad del agua en el municipio Mutiscua, Colombia.
- Author
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Villamizar Valencia, Cristian J., Castellanos González, Leónides, and Ramón Valencia, Jarol
- Subjects
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CROPS , *TREE crops , *PLUM , *WATER quality , *WATER supply , *AGROFORESTRY - Abstract
The research aimed to evaluate the influence of three agroforestry models on water quality in the municipality of Mutiscua, Norte de Santander. The three models consisted of an alder forest, a blackberry or plum tree fruit tree and a short-cycle crop of maize, carrot and tree tomato. The physicochemical variables of the irrigation water of five farms in each model were determined before implementing the crops and 10 months after planting. An ANOVA was performed between the models before planting and a comparison by Student's t-test with the results before and after, with a confidence level of 5 %. The results of the initial sampling did not prevent the use of water from the farms for irrigation of the crops of the agroforestry models planned in the municipality. The intervention of the project with the implemented crops provoked changes in the physicochemical variables of the water supply sources to the farms. The highest number of influenced variables was registered in the alder-blackberry-tomato tree model, although the variations did not modify the quality of irrigation water, they constitute a warning to counteract the increase in sodium concentrations and hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Physicochemical characteristics and textural properties of the casabe.
- Author
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FuentesBedoya, Eliana Andrea, González Hernández, Joana Paola, Simanca Sotelo, Mónica María, Andrade Pizarro, Ricardo David, and Denise De Paula, Claudia
- Subjects
FAMILY-owned business enterprises ,MANUFACTURING processes ,PRODUCT attributes ,SMALL business ,HARDNESS - Abstract
Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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12. Propriedades mecânicas das resinas bulk-fill: revisão de literatura.
- Author
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de Oliveira Silva, Gabriela, França de Freitas, Nathalia, Dias Nogueira, Ruchele, Penazzo Lepri, Cesar, and Geraldo-Martins, Vinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel Geraldo-MartinsVinícius Rangel
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,OPERATIVE dentistry ,MANUFACTURING industries ,POLYMERIZATION ,HARDNESS - Abstract
Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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13. Characterization of water quality during freshwater culture of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in southern Ecuador.
- Author
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Velásquez López, Patricio Colón, Solorzano Reyes, Juana Fúlvia, Ochoa Pereira, Patricia Migdalia, Solano Motoche, Galo Wilfrido, Quizhpe Cordero, Patricio, and Guillen Añasco, Roy Manuel
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER ,WATER quality ,FRESH water ,SHRIMPS ,WELL water ,WATER hardness ,WHITELEG shrimp ,AMMONIUM - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science is the property of Fundacion Selva Andina Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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14. Propiedades fisicoquímicas, texturales y sensoriales en galletas elaboradas con trigo, avena y quinua.
- Author
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Rodríguez-González, Ibeth, Mary Benavides-Guevara, Ruth, Jurado, Brenda K., Marulanda, Melissa, and Zuluaga-Domínguez, Carlos M.
- Subjects
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COOKIES , *BAKED products , *FLOUR , *NUTRITIONAL value , *OATS , *SENSORY evaluation , *QUINOA - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of quinoa flour (HQ) in wheat flour (HT) cookies with oats, its effect on physicochemical, textural and sensory properties. The properties such as water absorption (CAA) and oil (CAAc) of the flour mixtures for the preparation of cookies were also analyzed. Three treatments with different levels of Oat flakes and HQ were evaluated, T0: 15% and 0%, T1: 10% and 5% and T2: 5% and 10%. It was found that the HQ and Oats affect the CAA of the flours, since T1 (186.62 ± 3.25%) and T2 (184.71 ± 3.62%) decrease with respect to the control sample (194.23 ± 3.57%), while the CAAc benefits, T2 presented the maximum value (169.05 ± 7.84%) with respect to the control sample (147.79 ± 4.68%), and the humidity of the mixtures presented significant differences (5.36 ± 0.38%, 6.42 ± 0.24% and 6.13 ± 0.07%). In the biscuits, differences were found in the moisture content of T0 (0.47 ± 0.03%) and T1 (0.42 ± 0.02%) compared to T2 (0.62 ± 0.05%). evidenced significant differences in water activity for all treatments; No differences were found in the extension ratio and the evaluated textural properties are affected by the addition of HQ, mainly hardness. Significant differences were also found in color, mainly the L* and a* parameters for the T1 and T2 treatments. Finally, in the sensory evaluation carried out by a panel of 56 people, the accepted treatment was T1 (73% preference). The nutritional composition of the cookies demonstrated a high protein content compared to other products, generating possibilities for the development of baked products with high nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ozone gas therapy for tooth bleaching preserves enamel microhardness, roughness and surface micromorphology.
- Author
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Carvalho, Rafael R., Carlos, Natália R., de Campos, Francisco U. F., Turssi, Cecilia P., Vieira Júnior, Waldemir F., do Amaral, Flávia L. B., and Basting, Roberta T.
- Subjects
OZONE therapy ,TOOTH whitening ,SURFACE roughness ,DENTAL enamel ,ENAMEL & enameling - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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16. Influence of pigment solutions on color stability and surface properties in low-shrinkage and conventional composites.
- Author
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Meneghel, Luciana L., Fugolin, Ana PP, Berger, Sandrine B., Correr, Américo B., Pellizzaro, Delise, Fernandes, Karen BP, Genovez-Júnior, Guilherme, Piauilino, Allan IF, and Guiraldo, Ricardo D.
- Subjects
SURFACE properties ,SURFACE stability ,PIGMENTS ,TOMATO sauces ,HARDNESS testing - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. Cuantificación in vitro de microdureza del esmalte con y sin fluorosis
- Author
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Yamile Tamuch, Paula Traverso, Guadalupe Vicente Galan, and Gabriela Figallo
- Subjects
Fluorosis ,Dureza ,esmalte dental humano ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Objetivo. Estudiar la correlación entre indentación/fuerza (F) y de resistencia/dureza (D) al momento de la fractura, ajustando por grupo (con y sin fluorosis). Métodos. Estudio del tipo caso-control, in vitro en dientes permanentes de humanos adultos. Se denominará “caso” a todos los dientes con diagnóstico de fluorosis dental. Se denominará “control” al diente de igual orden diagnosticado sin fluorosis dental. Se evaluará el grado de dureza de los dientes incluidos en ambos grupos con una prueba que el Comité E-4 sobre Metalografía de la ASTM denomina ensayo de dureza por microindentación. De cada muestra se obtuvieron los 4 bloques paralelos a las respectivas superficies del diente. Se contabilizaron 4 x 12= 48 muestras en cada grupo, sometidas a las mediciones de F y D. Resultados. La F y D se mostraron significativamente asociadas en el grupo sin fluorosis (Sp= 0.405, P=0.006), pero no en el grupo con fluorosis (Sp= 0.087, P=0.574) y los pares F-D del grupo sin fluorosis toleraron mayores valores de dureza. Conclusiones. La evidencia mostró que indentación/fuerza y resistencia/dureza se correlacionaron de manera estadísticamente significativa solo entre las muestras sin fluorosis.
- Published
- 2023
18. Influência na microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas da liga de alumínio A380 fundida sob pressão pela variação nas velocidades de injeção.
- Author
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Alberto Marchioli, Carlos, Costa Almeida, Gisele Fabiane, Prazeres Gonçalves, Rodolfo Luiz, Domingos Xavier, Marcos, Alves dos Santos, Givanildo, and Augusto Couto, Antonio
- Subjects
- *
ALUMINUM alloys , *DIE-casting , *YIELD strength (Engineering) , *HARDNESS , *LIQUID metals , *HARDNESS testing - Abstract
In pressure die casting, due to the high speed of the liquid metal injection into the mold, a microstructure with refined grains is obtained and defects such as microporosity and microshrinkage, cold shut, and misrun can occur. These defects can occur due to deficiencies in the tooling design (injection mold), in the definition of calculation parameters, or even in the control of the injection parameters. The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of injection phase velocities (first and second phases) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Aluminum A380 alloy. Standard test samples were cast under die pressure in a cold chamber injection machine. The range injection speeds of the process were 0.10 m/s, 0.25 m/s and 0.50 m/s for the of the first phase, and 0.6 m/s, 1.5 m/s 3.0 m/s of the second phase. The mechanical properties characterization was performed by tensile and hardness tests and the microstructural characterization by optical microscopy. The results indicated that the injection speed does not influence the strength limit of both the first and the second injection phases. However, the level of porosity and misruns changed as a function of the speed variations, factors that affect the result of the elongation and yield point of the die-casting products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Effect of thermocycling on internal microhardness of high and low viscosity bulk fill composite resins in class I cavities.
- Author
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de Andrade LIMA, Sâmara Luciana, Lemos CABRAL, Lais, Russo CARLOS, Natália, de Andrade LIMA, Saulo André, KANTOVITZ, Kamila Rosamilia, and Botelho do AMARAL, Flávia Lucisano
- Subjects
BULK viscosity ,THERMOCYCLING ,MICROHARDNESS ,CONTROLLED low-strength materials (Cement) ,THIRD molars - Abstract
Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. Analysis of Modified Mechanical Properties in the Repair by SMAW Welding of Plow Discs in Andean Agricultural Areas.
- Author
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Calderón Freire, E., Tenicota García, A., González Riofrío, D. D., and Parra Hernández, K. R.
- Subjects
ELECTRIC welding ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,HARDNESS ,HARDENABILITY of metals - Abstract
Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Mechanical and sandblasting erosion resistance characterization of chemical strengthened float glass
- Author
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Oumessad Gridi, Zahra Malou Hamidouche, Christine Kermel, and Anne Leriche
- Subjects
Temple químico ,Intercambio iónico ,Dureza ,Arenado ,Alúmina abrasiva ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the immersion temperature and the treatment time of the ion exchange of soda-lime glass in molten KNO3 bath on its mechanical properties, and in particular the erosion resistance using Sahara sand and alumina abrasives. EDS analysis showed that the depth of penetration of K+ into glass increases as temperature and treatment time increase. The effect of ion exchange temperature and time on mechanical reinforcement was studied by micro-indentation, scratch test, wear and erosion test. All of these mechanical properties are improved after ion exchange treatments; erosion and wear resistance behave the same, either by using natural abrasives such as Sahara sand or by using an aggressive abrasive as alumina grits.The increase in the ion exchange time induces an increase in Vickers hardness of about 15–40% compared to annealed glass. Samples processed at 520 °C for a short period of 2 h show better mechanical properties compared to samples processed at 480 °C for longer times. In this case, the sample has a higher surface density which made the glass in compression not only because the potassium ions occupy the ionic substitution spaces but also the free spaces. Resumen: El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de la temperatura y el tiempo de inmersión en un baño de nitrato de potasio (KNO3) fundido en el comportamiento mecánico de un vidrio sodocálcico.La extensión del proceso de intercambio iónico se ha caracterizado mediante microanálisis por dispersión de energías de rayos X (EDX). El comportamiento mecánico, por su parte, se ha caracterizado mediante ensayos de microindentación Vickers y de resistencia al rayado, al desgaste y a la erosión. Como partículas abrasivas se han utilizado arena del Sahara y alúmina, obteniendo resultados equivalentes.La penetración del K en el material durante la inmersión aumenta con la temperatura y el tiempo de tratamiento. La incorporación del K da lugar a un aumento de la densidad superficial, generándose una matriz vítrea en compresión. El aumento del tiempo del intercambio iónico se traduce en un incremento de 15-40% de la micro-dureza Vickers. Las muestras tratadas a 520 °C durante tiempos cortos (2 h) presentan mejores propiedades mecánicas que las tratadas a 480 °C durante tiempos más largos.En este caso, la muestra tiene una mayor densidad superficial lo que hizo que la celosía de vidrio se comprimiera no solo porque los iones de potasio ocupan los espacios de sustitución iónica, sino también los espacios libres.
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- 2022
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22. EFECTO DEL PRECALENTAMIENTO SOBRE LA MICROSTRUCTURA Y DUREZA DEL RECARGUE DE MARTILLOS DESMENUZADORES CON ELECTRODOS AWS E FeCr-A1
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Manuel Rodríguez Pérez, Amado Cruz Crespo, and Antonio Lázaro Mesa Álvarez
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dureza ,martillos desmenuzadores ,microestructura ,precalentamiento ,recargue ,soldadura manual ,Special industries and trades ,HD9000-9999 - Abstract
Introducción: El electrodo AWS E FeCr-A1 no garantiza una aleación en la primera capa que pueda contrarrestar el desgaste de los martillos desmenuzadores. La microestructura en la primera capa es la austenita primaria (ɣ- Fe) y una red eutéctica interdendrítica (ɣ- Fe + M7C3). La dureza es de 50 HRC. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del precalentamiento sobre la dureza y microestructura de depósitos obtenidos con el electrodo AWS E FeCr-A1. Materiales y Métodos: Los depósitos se obtuvieron sobre placas de acero S275JR, utilizando una y dos capas a temperatura ambiente y a 200°C, con el proceso manual por arco eléctrico y electrodo revestido (SMAW). Las muestras fueron desbastadas, pulidas y atacadas con el reactivo Murakami. La microestructura fue observada por microscopía óptica (MO). Para la determinación de la dureza se utilizó un durómetro Shimatsu. Resultados y Discusión: La microestructura de los depósitos obtenidos a temperatura ambiente con una y dos capas consiste en austenita primaria (ɣ- Fe) y un eutéctico (ɣ- Fe y M7C3). El valor máximo de dureza fue obtenido en los depósitos con dos capas (723 HV). La microestructura del depósito, realizado a temperatura de 200° C, contiene austenita (ɣ-Fe) y menor cantidad de eutéctico (ɣ- Fe y M7C3). Conclusiones: Con el aumento de la temperatura (200°C), la microestructura predominante es la austenita (ɣ- Fe), y el depósito alcanza solo una dureza de 572 HV, por debajo de la indicada para el consumible AWS E FeCr-A1 que es 650 HV.
- Published
- 2022
23. Geomechanical characterization of samples in the pilot zone of Bogotá, Colombia, to determine its potential as aggregates for construction
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Juan Ricardo Troncoso Rivera, Nelly Páez Fonseca, Óscar René Másmela Rodríguez, Leonardo Fuentes Aldana, and Roberto Terraza Melo
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Zona piloto de Bogotá ,dureza ,limpieza ,materiales de construcción ,ensayos geomecánicos ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Este proyecto tiene como propósito evaluar y determinar zonas potenciales para la explotación de este tipo de recurso mineral, considerando que los materiales aptos para la construcción son un renglón estratégico para el desarrollo del país. En ese sentido, se evaluó la zona piloto de Bogotá definida por un radio de 200 km alrededor de Bogotá, en la cual se estudiaron las unidades litoestratigráficas con potencial para agregados pétreos en áreas libres de licenciamiento minero, mediante muestreos para ensayos geotécnicos. Se recolectaron 198 muestras, a las cuales se les realizó el proceso de reducción de tamaño o trituración; posteriormente se ejecutó el ensayo de granulometría para clasificar las muestras por tamaños, y finalmente se realizó el ensayo de desgaste (dureza) y ensayo de equivalente de arena (limpieza). Una vez realizados los ensayos, se interpretaron los resultados para definir el uso potencial como agregados gruesos (tamaños en el rango de 75 a 4,75 mm) y agregados finos (tamaños en el rango de 4,75 a 0,075 mm), de acuerdo con las Especificaciones generales de construcción del Instituto Nacional de Vías de Colombia (Invías). En términos de dureza y limpieza, el 60 % de las muestras recolectadas en la zona piloto de Bogotá se puede usar para la producción de agregados. Se definieron 118 sitios potenciales para explotación de agregados gruesos y 19 sitios potenciales para explotación de agregados finos.
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- 2022
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24. Homogenización de la Dureza en Lámina de Acrílico mediante la Optimización del Proceso de Post-curado.
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Moreno Serna, Claudio Arian and Chavero Navarrete, Ernesto
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
25. Integridad superficial en superficies cortadas por distintos métodos de corte
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Coba Salcedo, Milton Fabián, Sorzano Jimenez, Francisco Jose, Peralta Hernández, Edwin Enrique, Coba Salcedo, Milton Fabián, Sorzano Jimenez, Francisco Jose, and Peralta Hernández, Edwin Enrique
- Abstract
When selecting materials, different decisions must be made to choose the appropriate material according to the application, the properties of the material determine its final use, in this context, when selecting a material, the different processes to which it will be subjected before reaching its final application must be considered, because these processes can cause transformations in the different properties. In the case of steels, it must be taken into account whether the element will be subjected to any heat treatment or the method with which it will be cut, since it influences the surface properties and microstructure of the material. This article describes the study that was carried out to analyze the hardness, roughness and microstructure of the cutting channel in an ASTM-A36 steel, in a state of supply to take these values as a reference for subsequent procedures. It is proposed to cut the material with cutting methods conventionally used in the metalworking and construction industry, and also cut with other non-conventional processes used to a lesser extent in the industry. Similar cuts are made to maintain the homogeneity of the test and to analyze the cut faces in each specimen in a similar way. The specimens are cut with conventional cutting methods (milling, oxyfuel and cutting machine) and non-conventional methods (wire EDM and plasma), maintaining similar cutting and working parameters as far as possible. Subsequently, the cut surface - cutting channel - of each of the specimens is analyzed by measuring hardness, roughness and taking microscopic images of its microstructure. These tests allow quantifying the changes that occur in the material depending on the cutting method used and defining, according to each method, how much it can affect the final application of the material. When the results are obtained, comparative graphs are made between all the methods used and the differences found between them are established. From these results and comparis, Al momento de seleccionar materiales se deben tomar diferentes decisiones para elegir el material adecuado según la aplicación, las propiedades del material determinan su uso final, en este contexto cuando se selecciona un material se debe considerar los diferentes procesos a los que será sometido antes de llegar a su aplicación final, porque estos procesos pueden provocar transformaciones en las diferentes propiedades. En el caso de los aceros se debe tener en cuenta si el elemento será sometido a algún tratamiento térmico, o el método con el que será cortado, ya que hay evidencia que este influye en las propiedades superficiales y microestructura del material. Este artículo describe el estudio que se realizó para analizar la dureza, la rugosidad y la microestructura del canal de corte en un acero ASTM-A36, en estado de suministro para tomar estos valores como referencia para los procedimientos posteriores. Se plantea cortar el material con métodos de corte usados convencionalmente en la industria metalmecánica y de la construcción, y también se cortan con otros procesos no convencionales usados en menor proporción en la industria. Se realizan cortes similares para mantener la homogeneidad de la prueba y analizar las caras del corte en cada probeta de manera similar. Se realizan los cortes a las probetas con los métodos de corte convencionales (fresadora, oxicorte y tronzadora) y los no convencionales (hilo por electroerosión y plasma), manteniendo en lo posible parámetros de corte y de trabajo similares. Posteriormente se analiza la superficie cortada –canal de corte- de cada una de las probetas midiendo dureza, rugosidad y tomando imagen microscópica de su microestructura. Estos ensayos permiten cuantificar los cambios que se presentan en el material dependiendo del método de corte usado y definir según cada método que tanto puede afectar la aplicación final del material. Al obtener los resultados se realizan graficas comparativas entre todos los métodos usados y
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- 2024
26. Ensayos físico-mecánicos
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Facultad de Bellas Artes - Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales - Departament de Conservació i Restauració de Béns Culturals, Osete Cortina, Laura, Universitat Politècnica de València. Facultad de Bellas Artes - Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales - Departament de Conservació i Restauració de Béns Culturals, and Osete Cortina, Laura
- Abstract
En este VIDEO INTERPLAY se explica las principales tipologías de ensayos para evaluar las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los materiales, el equipamiento que requieren y sus principales aplicaciones en el campo de la Conservación-Restauración. El video, además, contiene una serie de preguntas insertadas para que el alumno vaya respondiendo a lo largo de su desarrollo y está diseñado de manera que, si no se responden correctamente, no se puede avanzar en la visualización del video y se remite nuevamente al visionado de determinadas partes hasta que se responde la pregunta adecuadamente. De esta manera, se favorece la integración de los conceptos más relevantes.
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- 2024
27. Influence of plasma spraying current on the microstructural characteristics and tribological behaviour of plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating
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Odhiambo John Gerald, Li Wenge, Zhao Yuan Tao, Li Cheng Long, and Li Qiang
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Recubrimiento de plasma rociado Cr2O3 ,Porosidad ,Parámetros de pulverización ,Dureza ,Tribología ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
In this study, the impact of varying spraying current on tribological performance and microstructural properties for coating was investigated. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) was used as the technique of depositing coatings on Q235 grade steel (equivalent to ASTM A36 mild steel). The coated samples were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), adhesion testers and microhardness tester. Scratch tests were carried out under ambient and dry environments using a pin-on-plate configuration against Tungsten Carbide (WC) body (pin/stylus) for a constant load. It was found that samples sprayed under higher current had better adhesive bond and erosion wear resistance, they also had the lowest wear loss and least percentage porosity. Additionally, hardness was improved almost 10 times of the base material in comparison to lower current samples. Resumen: En este estudio se investigó el impacto de la corriente de pulverización variable sobre el rendimiento tribológico y las propiedades microestructurales para el recubrimiento del Cr2O3. La pulverización con plasma atmosférico (PPA) se usó como la técnica para depositar recubrimientos de Cr2O3 sobre acero de grado Q235 (equivalente al acero dulce ASTM A36). Las muestras recubiertas se caracterizaron usando microscopía óptica (MO), microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), espectroscopia de energía dispersiva (EED), probadores de adherencia y probadores de microdureza. Las pruebas se llevaron a cabo en medios ambientales y secos utilizando una configuración de pin en placa contra el cuerpo de carburo de tungsteno (WC) (pin/stylus) para una carga constante. Se encontró que las muestras rociadas con una corriente más alta tenían un mejor enlace adhesivo y una mejor resistencia al desgaste por erosión, también tenían menor pérdida de desgaste y menor porcentaje de porosidad. Además, se mejoró la dureza casi 10 veces del material base en comparación con muestras de corriente más baja.
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- 2021
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28. Microstructure, thermal expansion, hardness and thermodynamic parameters of cordierite materials synthesized from Algerian natural clay minerals and magnesia
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Smail Lamara, Djaida Redaoui, Foudil Sahnoune, Menad Heraiz, and Nouari Saheb
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Materiales de cordierita ,Microestructura ,Dureza ,Expansión térmica ,Parámetros termodinámicos ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
Low-cost, dimensionally stable, and hard cordierite ceramic materials were prepared by reaction sintering two Algerian natural clay minerals and synthetic magnesia. The microstructure and hardness of the developed materials were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and a hardness tester, respectively. Differential thermal analysis, dilatometry, and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the transformation of phases and sintering behavior. The coefficient of thermal expansion (α) was determined from dilatometry experiments. The microstructure of DT00M sample synthesized from stoichiometric powder mixture (clay minerals and synthetic magnesia) consisted of cordierite only. Whereas cordierite, magnesium silicate, and sapphirine phases were present in DT04M and DT08M samples prepared from non-stoichiometric powder mixtures containing excess magnesia of 16 and 20 wt.%, respectively. The values of the activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A), for cordierite crystals, varied from 577 to 951 kJ/mol, and 1.54 × 1018 to 1.98 × 1030 S−1, respectively. The kinetic parameter n for the formation of cordierite had values between 2 and 3. While the Gibbs free energy (ΔG#), enthalpy (ΔH#), and entropy (ΔS#) values were found to be in the range 431–483 kJ/mol, 564–938 kJ/mol, and 70–313 J/mol, respectively. Samples sintered at 1300 °C for 2 h showed higher values of hardness compared with those sintered at 1250 °C. The DT04M sample had the highest hardness value of 9.45 GPa, demonstrating an increase of 12.5% with respect to monolithic cordierite (DT00M). In the temperature range 100–1300 °C, DT04M and DT08M samples showed better dimensional stability compared to monolithic cordierite. The DT08M sample showed the lowest thermal expansion (α = 2.32 × 10−6/°C), demonstrating a decrease of 31.3% with respect to monolithic cordierite. Resumen: Se prepararon materiales cerámicos de cordierita duras, de bajo costo y dimensionalmente estables mediante reacción sinterizando dos minerales arcillosos naturales de arcilla y magnesia sintética. La microestructura y la dureza de los materiales desarrollados se caracterizaron por un microscopio electrónico de barrido y un probador de dureza, respectivamente. Se utilizaron análisis térmicos diferenciales, dilatometría y espectroscopía Raman para analizar la transformación de fases y el comportamiento de sinterización. El coeficiente de expansión térmica (α) se determinó a partir de experimentos de dilatometría. La microestructura de la muestra DT00M sintetizada a partir de una mezcla de polvo estequiométrico (minerales arcillosos y magnesia sintética) consistió únicamente en cordierita. Mientras que las fases cordierita silicato de magnesio y safirina estaban presentes en las muestras DT04M y DT08M preparadas a partir de mezclas de polvo no estequiométricas que contenían un exceso de magnesia del 16 y 20% en peso, respectivamente. Los valores de la energía de activación (Ea) y el factor de frecuencia (A), para cristales de cordierita, variaron de 577 a 951 kJ/mol, y 1,54 × 1018 a 1,98 × 1030 S-1, respectivamente. El parámetro cinético n para la formación de cordierita tenía valores entre 2 y 3. Mientras que los valores de energía libre de Gibbs (ΔG#), entalpía (ΔH#) y entropía (ΔS#) se encontraron en el rango 431-483 kJ/mol, 564-938 kJ/mol y 70-313 J/mol, respectivamente. Las muestras sinterizadas a 1.300 °C durante 2 h mostraron mayores valores de dureza en comparación con las sinterizadas a 1.250 °C. La muestra DT04M tuvo el mayor valor de dureza de 9,45 GPa, lo que demuestra un aumento del 12,5% con respecto a la cordierita monolítica (DT00M). En el rango de temperatura de 100-1.300 °C, las muestras DT04M y DT08M mostraron una mejor estabilidad dimensional en comparación con la cordierita monolítica. La muestra DT08M mostró la expansión térmica más baja (α = 2,32 × 10-6 °C-1), lo que demuestra una disminución del 31,3% con respecto a la cordierita monolítica.
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- 2021
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29. Análisis mecánico y microestructural en soldaduras de fundición dúctil GJS 400-15 con Fe-Ni como metal de aporte realizadas mediante soldeo SMAW y TIG con diferentes tratamientos térmicos.
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Martínez-Alcón, Jorge, Guillamón, Manuel-Pascual, Solano-García, Lorenzo, Cárcel-Carrasco, Francisco-Javier, and Salas-Vicente, Fidel
- Subjects
NODULAR iron ,MANUFACTURING processes ,GAS tungsten arc welding ,FILLER materials ,HEAT treatment ,SPARE parts ,TENSILE tests ,ULTRASONIC welding - Abstract
Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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30. Piso laminado de bambu-MDF com tratamento termomecânico
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Divino Eterno Teixeira, Jaime Gonçalves de Almeida, Sergio Alberto de Oliveira Almeida, Maírla Julia Freitas Baia, Joyce Gonçalves Rocha, Laís Ferreira Lopes, and Cristhian Kelvin Amaro de Melo
- Subjects
Resistência à abrasão ,Piso engenheirado ,Dureza ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Os pisos com revestimento de madeira são produtos engenheirados, geralmente produzidos com lâminas coladas sobre chapa de compensado ou painéis de madeira reconstituída, os quais possuem larga aceitação no mercado brasileiro. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se desenvolver um piso composto de bambu e MDF, com uso de tratamento termomecânico, e determinar as suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas em comparação com um piso laminado comercial. As amostras de piso bambu-MDF produzidas foram divididas em: uma parte submetida a pós-tratamento termomecânico (temperatura de 160 oC e pressão de 1 MPa por 15 min) e outra sem tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que o bambu pode ser associado ao MDF para produção de pisos. O piso de bambu-MDF é igual ou superior ao piso comercial em quase todas as propriedades estudadas, exceto na resistência à umidade, como observado pelos testes de absorção e inchamento. O piso de bambu-MDF é superior ao comercial nos principais requisitos de dureza Janka e resistência à abrasão.
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- 2022
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31. Design of mixture experiments for the analysis of viscosity behavior of sulfonated polyacrylamide solutions (ATBS) with changes in salinity, hardness, and polymer concentration.
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Herrera, Julia, Quintero, Henderson, Maya, Gustavo, Castro, Rubén, Carlos Prada, Luis, Maldonado, Laura, Villar, Álvaro, and Pérez, Eduar
- Subjects
- *
BEHAVIORAL assessment , *WATER hardness , *SALINITY , *VISCOSITY solutions , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *HARDNESS , *POLYACRYLAMIDE , *POLYMER solutions - Abstract
A simple centroid mixture design (SCMD) method was used to determine the effect of the salinity and hardness of preparation water on final viscosity of a polymer solution with Acrylamide-Tert-butyl-Sulfonated units (ATBS). The experimental results of SCMD were used to build a special quadratic model and a numerical model was implemented for determining the polymer concentration necessary to reach the desired viscosity, depending on the salinity and hardness of the preparation water. Furthermore, the numerical model developed was validated with experimental data from the literature. It can predict the required concentration of a modified polymer (ATBS) to achieve the desired injection viscosity of the polymeric solution, with 95% reliability in the ranges evaluated. The Newton-Raphson numerical model developed using an SMCD is the first reported in the literature that allows determining the ATBS polymer concentration necessary to define the viscosity range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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32. Uso de materiales litológicos oxídicos para la reducción de la dureza en aguas naturales.
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Prato, José G., Millán, Fernando, Ríos, Anita, and González-Ramírez, Luisa C.
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WATER hardness , *ALUMINUM construction , *SURFACE charges , *IRON , *WATER use , *SURFACE charging , *ALUMINUM oxide films - Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess hardness reduction of natural water by using variable load substrates from two oxidic lithological materials (OLM), namely “C Material” and “L Material,” that were collected from natural deposits in Venezuela. Adsorption tests were performed with natural substrates that were activated with NaOH. The results revealed the presence of amphoteric iron, silicon, and aluminium oxides in their structures. Column experiments show a retention capacity of 12.51 and 11.02 mgCaCO3/kg for Materials L and C, respectively. Activation increased 2.5 times the yield of the process, 29.28 mgCa2+/kg for Material L and 26.94 mgCa2+ /kg for Material C, due to increases in the density of surface negative charges. The adsorption was non-specific and the data conformed to the Freundlich model. It is concluded that the materials examined are excellent options for treating water hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
33. Determination of microhardness of bulk-fill resins at different depths.
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Garrofé, Analía B., Picca, Mariana, and Kaplan, Andrea E.
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MICROHARDNESS ,TUKEY'S test ,TWO-way analysis of variance ,MULTIPLE comparisons (Statistics) - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Design of mixture experiments for the analysis of viscosity behavior of sulfonated polyacrylamide solutions (ATBS) with changes in salinity, hardness, and polymer concentration.
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Julia Herrera, Henderson Quintero, Gustavo Maya, Ruben Castro, Luis Carlos Prada, Laura Maldonado, Alvaro Villar, and Eduar Perez
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ATBS ,poliacrilamidas sulfonadas ,salinidad ,dureza ,SCMD. ,Technology ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Un diseño de experimentos de mezcla (SCMD) fue usado para determinar el efecto de la dureza y salinidad del agua de preparación en la viscosidad final de una solución polimérica con modificaciones con unidades ATBS (Acrilamidas-Terbutil Sulfonadas). Con los resultados experimentales del SCMD se construyó un modelo cuadrático especial, y se implementó un modelo numérico que permite determinar la concentración de polímero necesaria para alcanzar la viscosidad deseada, dependiendo de la salinidad y dureza del agua de preparación. Adicionalmente, el modelo numérico desarrollado fue validado con datos experimentales de la literatura. Este puede predecir la concentración requerida de un polímero modificado con ATBS para alcanzar la viscosidad deseada con un 95% de confiabilidad en los rangos evaluados. El modelo numérico de Newton-Raphson desarrollado usando un SCMD es el primero reportado en la literatura que permite determinar la concentración de polímeros ATBS necesaria para conocer un rango de viscosidad.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Resistencia al desgaste y rendimiento durante procesos de extrusión a escala industrial de los aceros 100Cr6 y 21NiCrMo2 sometidos a tratamientos criogénicos
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Bahadır Karaca and Levent Cenk Kumruoğlu
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Acero ,Austenita retenida ,Desgaste ,Dureza ,Moldes de extrusión ,Tratamiento criogénico ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Se ha investigado los efectos de diferentes parámetros de tratamiento térmico y criogénico como la temperatura y el tiempo de mantenimiento sobre la microestructura (cantidad de austenita retenida) y la dureza de moldes de extrusión producidos a partir de los aceros 21NiCrMo2 y 100Cr6. La matriz de extrusión del acero 21NiCrMo2 se cementó durante 22,5 h en una atmósfera de gas (25% CO, 35% N2, 40% H2) a 920 °C. Al final del proceso de cementación, la temperatura se mantuvo a 850 °C, que es la temperatura de austenización, durante 2 h, seguido de enfriamiento en aceite a 80 °C, permaneciendo en aceite durante 45 minutos. No se realizó este proceso de cementación para los moldes de extrusión fabricados con el acero 100Cr6. En este acero solo se llevó a cabo el tratamiento de austenización a la temperatura de 850 °C (manteniendo durante 2 h). Los moldes de acero que se fabricaron con aceros los 21NiCrMo2 y 100Cr6 se trataron posteriormente de manera criogénica a -120 °C durante 2 h y, posteriormente, se templaron a 150 °C durante 1,5 h. Como resultado del tratamiento criogénico, la dureza del acero 21NiCrMo2 aumentó hasta los 840 Hv y mejoró la resistencia al desgaste de la superficie de la matriz de extrusión. La cantidad de austenita residual disminuyó del 20% al 6% después del tratamiento criogénico. Por efecto del proceso criogénico, la dureza superficial de la muestra de acero 100Cr6 aumentó a ~870 Hv, lo que supone un incremento del 4,5%, debido a la transformación de la austenita residual a martensita. La pérdida de masa durante el ensayo de desgaste de las matrices de extrusión endurecidas se redujo de 0,1420 mg a 0,0221 mg. El valor de resistencia al impacto medido en esta condición fue de 20 J. El acero 100Cr6 después del tratamiento criogénico se usó para extruir 12 toneladas de aleación de Al en una prensa industrial. Esta cantidad de material es un 30% inferior a la del acero para herramientas para trabajo en caliente. Por otro lado, el acero 100Cr6 es más económico y el tratamiento térmico es más práctico. El rendimiento durante el proceso de extrusión del acero 21NiCrMo2 fue un 50% inferior al del acero para herramientas de trabajo en caliente.
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- 2022
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36. Textural and rheological properties of soybean oil organogels structured with polyglycerol and propylene glycol esters during storage.
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Buitimea-Cantúa, N. E., Serna-Saldívar, S. O., Pérez-Carrillo, E., Jordânia-Silva, T., Barrera-Arrellano, D., and Buitimea-Cantúa, G. V.
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SOY oil , *PROPYLENE glycols , *RHEOLOGY , *SOYBEAN yield , *ESTERS , *SATURATED fatty acids , *THERMAL stability , *THIXOTROPY , *FOOD industry - Abstract
Organogels have emerged as an alternative to the intake of saturated fats. Organogels of soybean oil (SBO) structured with polyglycerol esters (PGE) or propylene glycol esters (PPGE) at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0%) were formulated. Both emulsifiers at 4% (w/w) concentrations were able to form solid-like organogels and showed thixotropy and low mechanical resistance when compression forces were applied. However, the SBO/PGE (4%) organogels presented lower values for flow curves and micrographs showed a more organized network compared to the SBO/PPGE at 4%. However, higher flow curve values, larger crystals, and mechanical resistance on compression were observed after a two-month storage period of SBO/PPGE compared to SBO/PGE organogels. Both organogels have the potential to be used for diverse food applications although the SBO/PGE was more stable throughout storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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37. EFECTO DEL PRECALENTAMIENTO SOBRE LA MICROSTRUCTURA Y DUREZA DEL RECARGUE DE MARTILLOS DESMENUZADORES CON ELECTRODOS AWS E FeCr-A1.
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Rodríguez Pérez, Manuel, Cruz Crespo, Amado, and Mesa Álvarez, Antonio Lázaro
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HAMMERS , *ETCHING reagents , *MICROSTRUCTURE , *IRON & steel plates , *METAL hardness , *HAMMER design & construction , *OPTICAL microscopes , *AUSTENITE , *SHIELDED metal arc welding , *IRON mining , *MICROHARDNESS , *WELDING - Abstract
Introduction: The AWS E FeCr-A1 electrode does not guarantee deposits in a single layer that can counteract the wear of the shredder hammers. Microstructure in the first layer is primary austenite (ɣ- Fe) and an interdendritic eutectic network (austenite and carbide). The hardness is 50 HRC. Objective: To evaluate the preheat effect on the hardness and microstructure of deposits obtained with the AWS E FeCr-A1 electrode. Materials and Methods: The deposits were obtained on S275JR steel plates, using single and double layer of recharge at room temperature and at 200°C, with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). The samples were trimmed, polished and etched with Murakami reagent. The microestructure was observed by optical microscope (OM). The Vickers microhardness was determined using a Shimatsu microdurometer. Results and Discussion: Microstructure of deposits obtained at room temperature using simple and double layer consist of primary grain of austenite (ɣ- Fe) and eutectic (ɣ- Fe and M7C3). The highest hardness was obtained in the sample with double layer (723 HV). Microstructure of deposit performed at 200°C is composed by large amount of austenite (ɣ- Fe) and lower fraction of eutectic (ɣ- Fe and M7C3). Conclusions: With a temperature increase (200°C), predominant microstructure is austenite (ɣ- Fe), and deposit reaches only a hardness of 572 HV, below that indicated for the consumable AWS EFeCr-A1 which is 650 HV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
38. O efeito do tratamento térmico sobre a microdureza e cristalinidade de uma vitrocerâmica obtida da reciclagem de resíduos vítreos
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Suzane Thais dos Reis Barbosa, Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais, Milena Heloísa Araújo Silva, and Isis Tatiane Macêdo Veloso
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vidro ,reciclagem ,dureza ,vitrocerâmica ,tratamentotérmico ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Science ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
O crescimento do consumo de produtos industrializados tem implicado em um considerável aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, dentre estes, destacam-se os resíduos de vidro. A grande vantagem tecnológica do vidro diz respeito ao seu alto potencial de reciclagem, além da possibilidade de ser moldado na forma desejada, o que contribui para diversas aplicações. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivoanalisar a eficiência dos tratamentos térmicos aplicados em amostras vítreas de composição sódica-cálcicas de cor verde, provenientes da reciclagem de garrafas de envase, e comparar com a dureza do vidro base. Inicialmente as garrafas foram beneficiadas, trituradas e peneiradas. Em seguida, os resíduos vítreos foram acomodados em molde de concreto celular autoclavado (CCA) e submetidos a tratamentos térmicos, que resultaram na sinterização e no recozimento das pastilhas. Foram testados quatro tratamentos térmicos distintos, com temperaturas de sinterização de 800ºC (20 min.), 820ºC (20 min.), 840ºC (15 min.) e 840ºC (30 min.). As amostras obtidas foram analisadas por meio do ensaio de difração de raios-X (DRX) e microdureza Vickers. Os resultados indicaram que o quarto tratamento térmico(840ºC - 30min.)conferiu a maior dureza em relação ao vidro base e maior grau de cristalinidade.
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- 2020
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39. Propiedades tribológicas de recubrimientos de carbono depositados por haz de electrones
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Freddy Fernández-Rojas, Arturo González, Carlos J. Fernández-Rojas, Keyffer Salas, and Eduardo Rondon
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aceros ,carbono ,dureza ,haz de electrones ,tribología ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 - Abstract
En este trabajo se produjeron películas de Carbono (C) sobre sustratos de acero D01 y acero D03. Las mismas fueron depositadas utilizando la técnica por haz de electrones empleando argón (Ar) como gas precursor y fueron caracterizadas a través de sus propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas. Se realizaron pruebas de: dureza, rugosidad y desgaste usando una punta piramidal tipo Berkovich para evaluar la dureza y una máquina tribológica de configuración pin sobre disco (pin-on-disc) para medir el desgaste. Se obtuvo la dureza de los recubrimientos, la cual varío respecto al sustrato utilizado, lo que originó un cambio en el coeficiente de fricción y desgaste. Un aumento considerable en la dureza permitió la disminución del coeficiente de fricción.
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- 2020
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40. Determinación de las propiedades metalúrgicas del acero fundido AISI 1545
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Ariana Rodríguez-Suárez, Tomás Fernández-Columbié, Anabael Ruiz-Padilla, and Eider Sánchez-Olivero
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microestructuras ,perlita ,ferrita ,dureza ,proceso de fundición. ,Social Sciences ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Se determinaron las propiedades metalúrgicas del acero AISI 1545, obtenido por el proceso de fundición para ser empleado en la fabricación de las llantas y los rodillos del transportador rotatorio Jacoby. Se analizaron tres muestras obtenidas en el proceso de fundición. Las microestructuras presentan estructuras perlítica, austenítica, ferrítica y de sulfuro de manganeso, en las cuales la perlita se encuentra entre un 42,6 y un 46,63 % en las muestras 2 y 3, como fase predominante, precedida por la fase ferrita, las cuales están asociadas a los elementos químicos carbono, cromo y molibdeno que son elementos alfágenos; el sulfuro de manganeso (MnS) es el más notorio en la muestra 1, con un valor de 36,77 %. La dureza determinada es de 179,6 HV para la muestra 1, de 286,3 HV en la muestra 2 y de 281,3 HV para la muestra 3.
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- 2022
41. FUNGUS DAMAGE EFFECT ON PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN GRAINS.
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Carvalho Leal, Paula, Massuquetto, Andréia, Conceição dos Santos, Marley, Giusti Bruno, Luis Daniel, Luis Krabbe, Everton, Portella Felix, Ananda, and Maiorka, Alex
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REGRESSION analysis , *GRAIN , *FUNGI , *HARDNESS ,CORN disease & pest control - Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the physical-chemical characteristics of corn lots with different ratios of damaged to intact grains, considering the interaction between them. Recently harvested corn grains were selected, and grains attacked by fungi (fermented and moldy) and intact grains were separated to establish the following grain mixtures (treatments): 1 - 0% fermented/moldy and 100% intact grains; 2 - 10% fermented/moldy and 90% intact grains; 3 - 20% fermented/moldy and 80% intact grains; 4 - 30% fermented/moldy and 70% intact grains; and 5 - 40% fermented/moldy and 60% intact grains. Samples from each treatment were analyzed for dry matter (DM), ash (A), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and gross energy (GE) contents, water activity (aw), density, and hardness. Chemical composition and density data were submitted to analysis of regression, hardness values were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05), and Pearson's correlations (P<0.05) between chemical and physical parameters were calculated. Increasing ratios of moldy corn relative to intact corn reduced DM, CF, EE, and GE contents, increased A, CP, Wa values, and reduced the density of the lot. Moldy grains presented lower hardness values compared with intact corn. This study shows that fungus damage affects corn grain physical-chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Mejora superficial del acero AISI 316L mediante depósitos de nitruro de titanio amorfo por técnica de erosión catódica.
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Santaella-González, Jorge Bertín, Orozco-Cruz, Ricardo, Hernández-Torres, Julián, and García-González, Leandro
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TITANIUM nitride , *ELECTRICAL resistivity , *SURGICAL instruments , *CORROSION resistance , *HIGH temperatures , *STAINLESS steel - Abstract
AISI 316L stainless steel, due to its characteristics of corrosion resistance in alkaline environments, mechanical stability at high temperatures is attractive for various industries such as aeronautics, automotive, petrochemical, food, and even surgical instruments. However, when it is found in acidic environments rich in chlorides, it does not have sufficient protection against corrosion, which is detrimental to its mechanical properties. Therefore, amorphous titanium nitride coatings with low thicknesses have been used to improve its surface characteristics, such as increased surface hardness and electrical resistivity. The cathodic erosion synthesis method being a physical technique ensures high homogeneity, high adhesion to the substrate, and thickness control. Consequently, a hardness with values of 7.17 GPa was achieved, with a resistivity of 2.20E+09 ohm-square for T4, with a maximum thickness of ~1.7 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Low- and high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites: a comparison of microhardness, microtensile bond strength, and fracture strength in restored molars.
- Author
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França, Fabiana M. G., Tenuti, Jonathan G. B., Broglio, Isabela P., Paiva, Lara E. J., Basting, Roberta T., Turssi, Cecília P., do Amaral, Flávia L. B., Reis, André F., and Vieira-Junior, Waldemir F.
- Subjects
FRACTURE strength ,BOND strengths ,MOLARS ,MICROHARDNESS ,TUKEY'S test - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Obtención de la misma dureza por balanceo de fases en las aleaciones Al-Cu-Zn
- Author
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José D. Villegas-Cárdenas, Víctor M. López-Hirata, Maribel Saucedo-Muñoz, Elizabeth Garfias García, Rosa M. Luna-Sánchez, and Miguel Morales Rodriguez
- Subjects
Aleación ternaria ,Diagrama de equilibrio ,Dureza ,Fases ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Se prepararon 5 muestras de las aleaciones Al-Cu-Zn con diferentes porcentajes químicos, utilizando una metodología que pronostica la dureza en este tipo de aleaciones con la finalidad de que todas las muestras tengan la misma dureza (67 RB). Cada una de estas muestras fueron caracterizadas por DRX, Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) y un durómetro, se observó el cambio en la estructura. Las muestras utilizadas en condición de equilibrio constan de tres fases que son η, α y τ’, sin embargo, en estas muestras se presentan otras fases como son las fases ε, β y θ. Este trabajo demuestra que es posible aun con los cambios en los porcentajes químicos que son drásticos, es posible tener la misma dureza. La principal causa que se encontró en este trabajo para mantener la misma dureza es el área de contacto de una zona blanca (compuesta por las fases η y ε) con respecto a las otras fases. Si el perímetro de contacto de la zona blanca está dentro de un cierto rango, la dureza de todas las muestras será la misma con un margen de error menor al 3%, esto es importante para desarrollo de nuevas aleaciones con las características mecánicas deseadas.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Comportamiento al desgaste y propiedades de corrosión de la aleación de aluminio AA2010 endurecida por envejecimiento
- Author
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Nilay Çömez
- Subjects
Aluminio ,Corrosión ,Desgaste ,Dureza ,Envejecimiento ,Tafel ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la resistencia al desgaste y las propiedades de corrosión de la aleación AA2010 tratada térmicamente. La aleación se disolvió a 500 ºC durante 1 h y luego se inactivó en agua a temperatura ambiente. El tratamiento en solución fue seguido por un tratamiento de envejecimiento a 160 °C durante 16, 18 y 22 h. La dureza máxima se alcanzó a las 18 h. La prueba de desgaste utilizando un disco de bola provocó una deformación en frío y, por tanto, aumentó localmente la dureza de la superficie desgastada. La velocidad de corrosión de la aleación AA2010 tratada térmicamente se determinó mediante el método de extrapolación de Tafel. Los ensayos de corrosión se llevaron a cabo en NaCl al 3,5% a temperatura ambiente. La velocidad mínima de corrosión se obtuvo con la aleación envejecida 18 h. Así, para una resistencia moderada al desgaste y buenas propiedades frente a la corrosión, se recomienda un envejecimiento de 18 h. Finalmente, se observó corrosión intergranular y corrosión por picadura en la superficie de la aleación.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. COMPARACIÓN DEL ACV DE 2 ESTIBAS CONSTRUIDAS CON MADERA NATURAL Y MADERA PLÁSTICA EN SIMAPRO 8.4.0.
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Fuentes Fuentes, Karen Dayana, Vanegas Padilla, Angélica Patricia, and Torres Cervera, Karina Paola
- Subjects
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BIODIVERSITY conservation , *FLEXURAL strength , *PLASTICS , *MOISTURE , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
The objective of the study reflects a comparison of the conceptual life cycle analysis for 2.00 pallets built with natural wood (melinna) and plastic wood (100% PET), using the SIMAPRO 8.4.0 software in its DEMO 2017 version under the UNE standard -EN ISO 14040. The methodology used was experimental and descriptive where there was manipulation of variables such as: flexural strength, moisture content and natural durability to degrading agents for the determination of social, economic and environmental aspects. The results of the comparative analysis affirmed that the pallets of natural wood affect human health by 100%, unlike the pallets of plastic wood, which affect life in ecosystems by 2%. For the conservation of Biodiversity, natural pallets affect 100% and plastic pallets 47%. Plastic wood, compared to natural wood, has several benefits such as greater impermeability, easy cleaning, greater safety (due to chipping), low moisture absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. DUREZA Y PROPIEDADES ESTRUCTURALES DE COMPUESTOS BASADOS EN NANOTUBOS DE CARBONO Y ALUMINIO.
- Author
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Plaza, E., Villalonga, M., Arévalo, J., Atencio, R., Corredor, L., Morales, R., Ramos, M., and Briceño, A.
- Subjects
- *
FIELD emission electron microscopes , *CHEMICAL vapor deposition , *X-ray powder diffraction , *ALUMINUM powder , *VICKERS hardness , *POWDER metallurgy , *ALUMINUM composites - Abstract
Powder Metallurgy was used for the preparation of aluminum composite reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNTs were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), using C2H2 as precursor gas, Ar as a carrier gas, and Fe-Co/CaCO3 as a catalyst. The powder aluminum was mixed with MWCNTs in a planetary ball milling device for different weight ratios, from 0% to 2%, and different times stages in the mixing process (3 min and 60 min). The powders compounds were doubled hot-pressed and sintering and analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, and Vickers Hardness. A total of 80 samples were examined to evaluate the effect of the MWCNTs on the hardness. Results showed a hardness-increasing for the compounds from ~15 % to 24 %. The standard deviation of hardness measures was considered to evaluate the dispersion of MWCNTs in the composites. We applied a linear fit to the hardness data to assess the influence of temperature in the grain consolidation process and variance analysis of data. Results exhibited a substantial dispersion of hardness from 13.13% to 24.57% of error. The analysis of the results obtained at several conditions suggested an optimal setting involving a mixing time of 3 min and a sintering temperature of 760 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
48. RED NEURONAL (RNA) PROGRAMADA EN VBA DE EXCEL PARA PREDECIR DUREZA, ULTIMA TENSIÓN Y ELONGACIÓN DE UN ACERO ESTRUCTURAL TERMOTRATADO.
- Author
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García Yregoi, Manuel, de Leon, Ernesto Rodriguez, Rosales Sosa, Gloria, de León Amaya, Nubia E., Ramos Cano, Juan, Rangel Hernández, Yadira Marlen, Rosales Sosa, Blanca. I., and Facundo Arzola, Isabel A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
49. Propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera plástica para uso en estructura de atención y prevención de desastres de la 'ESMIC
- Author
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Johanna C Ruiz and Diego A. Lozano O
- Subjects
plástico reciclado ,madera plástica ,dureza ,resistencia a compresión ,resistencia ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
En el año 2017, el semillero de investigación INGEMIL de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes (ESMIC) propuso un prototipo físico modular para la prevención y atención de emergencias que atiende el ejército Nacional que es capaz de proveer la energía necesaria para servir como centro de acopio para los ingenieros militares rescatistas. Este prototipo fue construido con madera plástica, que es un material compuesto por plástico reciclado con residuos de madera, que ofrece ventajas en términos de costos, durabilidad, resistencia a los agentes degradativos, facilidad de moldeado y no requiere mantenimiento. Según lo anteriormente dicho, se caracterizó física y mecánicamente la madera plástica, con el fin de promover y aprobar su uso en el prototipo construido en años anteriores y empezar a implementarlo en materiales de construcción para observar su comportamiento. Se realizaron ensayos de caracterización física como densidad y dureza, y de caracterización mecánica tales como compresión y flexión.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mechanical and surface properties of a 3D-printed dental resin reinforced with graphene
- Subjects
Flexural strength ,Polimetilmetacrilato ,Three-dimensional printing ,Óxido de grafeno ,Dureza ,Hardness ,Polymethylmethacrylate ,Impressão 3D ,Resistência à flexão ,Graphene oxide - Abstract
Objetivos: As resinas para impressão 3D em Medicina Dentária apresentam ainda limitações mecânicas. A adição de grafeno pode colmatar esse problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o efeito do grafeno numa resina de polimetilmetacrilato para impressão 3D ao nível da rugosidade de superfície, propriedades de flexão e dureza. Métodos: Uma resina para impressão 3D foi aditivada com quatro concentrações de grafeno: 0,01wt%, 0,1wt%, 0,25wt% e 0,5wt%. A resina pura foi usada como controlo. A rugosidade de superfície foi medida com um profilómetro de contacto em provetes retangulares (50x10x4mm). A resistência à flexão dos provetes (80x10x4mm) foi calculada usando o teste de flexão em 3 pontos numa máquina de teste universal. A dureza shore D foi medida em provetes circulares (12x6mm) com um durómetro manual. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando o teste de Kruskal Wallis seguido do teste post-hoc de Bonferroni para comparações entre grupos. Valores de p, Objectives: Commercial photocurable polymers used in dental additive manufacturing still have mechanical limitations. The incorporation of graphene may provide interesting advantages in this field. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect of adding graphene nanoparticles to a 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate dental resin in terms of surface roughness, flexural properties, and hardness. Methods: A 3D-printed dental resin (Dental Sand, Harz Lab) was loaded with four different graphene nanoplatelet (Graphenest) concentrations: 0.01wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.25wt%, and 0.5wt%. The neat resin was used as the control group. The surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer using bar-shaped specimens (50x10x4mm). The flexural strength of specimens (80x10x4mm) from each group was calculated using the 3-point bending test in a Universal Test Machine. Hardness shore D was measured using a manual durometer on round-shaped specimens (12x6mm). Data were evaluated using the Kruskall-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Bonferroni corrected pairwise inter-group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p
- Published
- 2023
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