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523 results on '"Durrant, S"'

1. Diamond Mirrors for High-Power Lasers

Author

Atikian, H., Sinclair, N., Latawiec, P., Xiong, X., Meesala, S., Gauthier, S., Wintz, D., Randi, J., Bernot, D., DeFrances, S., Thomas, J., Roman, M., Durrant, S., Capasso, F., and Loncar, M.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

High-power lasers have numerous scientific and industrial applications. Some key areas include laser cutting and welding in manufacturing, directed energy in fusion reactors or defense applications, laser surgery in medicine, and advanced photolithography in the semiconductor industry. These applications require optical components, in particular mirrors, that withstand high optical powers for directing light from the laser to the target. Ordinarily, mirrors are comprised of multilayer coatings of different refractive index and thickness. At high powers, imperfections in these layers lead to absorption of light, resulting in thermal stress and permanent damage to the mirror. Here we design, simulate, fabricate, and demonstrate monolithic and highly reflective dielectric mirrors which operate under high laser powers without damage. The mirrors are realized by etching nanostructures into the surface of single-crystal diamond, a material with exceptional optical and thermal properties. We measure reflectivities of greater than 98% and demonstrate damage-free operation using 10 kW of continuous-wave laser light at 1070 nm, with intensities up to 4.6 MW/cm2. In contrast, at these laser powers, we observe damage to a standard dielectric mirror based on optical coatings. Our results initiate a new category of broadband optics that operate in extreme conditions.

Published
2019
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2. Nuclear Transparency in 90 Degree c.m. Quasielastic A(p,2p) Reactions

Author

Aclander, J., Alster, J., Asryan, G., Averiche, Y., Barton, D. S., Baturin, V., Buktoyarova, N., Bunce, G., Carroll, A. S., Christensen, N., Courant, H., Durrant, S., Fang, G., Gabriel, K., Gushue, S., Heller, K. J., Heppelmann, S., Kosonovsky, I., Leksanov, A., Makdisi, Y. I., Malki, A., Mardor, I., Mardor, Y., Marshak, M. L., Martel, D., Minina, E., Minor, E., Navon, I., Nicholson, H., Ogawa, A., Panebratsev, Y., Piasetzky, E., Roser, T., Russell, J. J., Schetkovsky, A., Shimanskiy, S., Shupe, M. A., Sutton, S., Tanaka, M., Tang, A., Tsetkov, I., Watson, J., White, C., Wu, J-Y., and Zhalov, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p,2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90 Deg .in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c, corresponding to 4.8 < Q^2 < 12.7 (GeV/c)^2. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90 Deg. c.m., and the nuclear transparency for deuterons was studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the Carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for Li, Al, Cu, and Pb nuclei as well as for C. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p,2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e'p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p,2p) nuclear transparency for C and Al increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p,2p) nuclear transparency is about 80% of the constant A(e,e'p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects., Comment: 24 pages and 22 figures submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Published
2004
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3. A direct measurement of short range NN correlations in nuclei via the reaction C(p,2p+n)

Author

Aclander, J., Alster, J., Barton, D., Bunce, G., Carroll, A., Christensen, N., Courant, H., Durrant, S., Gushue, S., Heppelmann, S., Kosonovsky, E., Mardor, I., Mardor, Y., Marshak, M., Makdisi, Y., Minor, E. D., Navon, I., Nicholson, H., Piasetzky, E., Roser, T., Russell, J., Sutton, C. S., Tanaka, M., White, C., and Wu, J-Y

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The reaction 12C(p,2p+n) was measured at beam momenta of 5.9 and 7.5 GeV/c.. We established the quasi-elastic character of the reaction C(p,2p) at $\theta_{cm}\simeq 90^o$, in a kinematically complete measurement. The neutron momentum was measured in triple coincidence with the two emerging high momentum protons. We present the correlation between the momenta of the struck target proton and the neutron. The events are associated with the high momentum components of the nuclear wave function. We conclude that two-nucleon short range correlations have been seen experimentally. The conclusion is based on kinematical correlations and is not based on specific theoretical models., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
1998

4. Measurement of quasi-elastic 12C(p,2p) scattering at high momentum transfer

Author

Mardor, Y., Aclander, J., Alster, J., Barton, D., Bunce, G., Carroll, A., Christensen, N., Courant, H., Durrant, S., Gushue, S., Heppelmann, S., Kosonovsky, E., Mardor, I., Marshak, M., Makdisi, Y., Minor, E. D., Navon, I., Nicholson, H., Piasetzky, E., Roser, T., Russell, J., Sutton, C. S., Tanaka, M., White, C., and Wu, J-Y

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We measured the high-momentum quasi-elastic 12C(p,2p) reaction (at center of mass angle near 90 degrees) for 6 and 7.5 GeV/c incident protons. The three-momentum components of both final state protons were measured and the missing energy and momentum of the target proton in the nucleus were determined. The validity of the quasi-elastic picture was verified up to Fermi momenta of about 450 MeV/c, where it might be questionable. Transverse and longitudinal Fermi momentum distributions of the target proton were measured and compared to independent particle models which do not reproduce the large momentum tails. We also observed that the transverse Fermi distribution gets wider as the longitudinal component increases in the beam direction, in contrast to a simple Fermi gas model., Comment: 4 pages including 3 figures

Published
1997
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5. Second Cancer Risk and Late Mortality in Adult Australians Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Author

Ashton, L., Le Marsney, R., Dodds, A., Tan, J., Bilmon, I., Wilcox, L., Nivison-Smith, I., Aarons, D., Tran, S., Vajdic, C., Gibson, J., Johnston, A., Greenwood, M., Forbes, M., Hertzberg, M., Huang, G., Spencer, A., Muirhead, J., Szer, J., Mason, K., Lewis, I., To, C., Durrant, S., Western, R., Cannell, P., Buffery, S., O'Brien, T., Oswald, C., Nelson, A., Shaw, P., Pearson, L., Tiedemann, K., Scoyne, M., Fraser, C., Seljak, J., Cole, C., Rowland, K., Gough, H., Tapp, H., Green, N., Vajdic, Claire M., Mayson, Eleni, Dodds, Anthony J., O'Brien, Tracey, Wilcox, Leonie, Nivison-Smith, Ian, Le Marsney, Renate, Daniels, Benjamin, and Ashton, Lesley J.

Published
2016
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6. The PHENIX experiment at RHIC

Author

Morrison, DP, Akiba, Y, Alford, O, Allen, M, Allen, W, Alley, G, Arai, Y, Archuleta, JB, Archuleta, JR, Aronson, SH, Statekin, I, Autrey, D, Awes, TC, Barlag, C, Barrette, J, Bassalleck, B, Bathe, S, Batygin, Y, Baublis, V, Bazilevsky, A, Begay, R, Behrendt, J, Belikov, S, Bellavia, S, Belyaev, S, Bennett, MJ, Berdnikov, Y, Bernardin, J, Bluhm, DD, Blume, C, Bohne, EM, Boissevain, JG, Bosze, E, Bowers, J, Branning, J, Britton, CL, Brooks, ML, Bryan, WL, Bucher, D, Buesching, H, Bumazhnov, V, Bunce, G, Butsyk, S, Cafferty, M, Carey, TA, Chand, P, Chang, J, Chang, W-C, Chappell, R, Charagi, SK, Chavez, LL, Chernichenko, S, Chi, C-Y, Chiba, J, Chikanian, A, Choudhury, RK, Chung, MS, Cianciolo, V, Clark, D, Claussen, A, Coe, S, Cole, B, Conway, R, Cope, L, Crook, D, Cunitz, H, Cunningham, R, Daniel, SQ, David, G, Denisov, A, Desmond, EJ, Dietzsch, O, Dinesh, BV, Durrant, S, Durum, A, Dutta, D, Efremenko, YV, Eiseman, S, Emery, MS, Enosawa, K, En'yo, H, Ericson, MN, Evseev, V, Ferriera, J, Fields, DE, Filimonov, K, Fokin, S, Fong, D, Fraenkel, Z, Frank, SS, Frawley, AD, Fried, J, Fung, SY, Gan, D, Gannon, J, Gavin, S, Gee, TF, Gim, B, Goto, Y, and Greene, SV

Subjects
hep-ex, nucl-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and currentstatus of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration formaking the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years ofRHIC operation is also presented.

Published
1998

7. How executive functioning, sentence processing, and vocabulary are related at 3 years of age

Author

Lee, C., Jessop, A., Bidgood, A., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., Rowland, C.F., Durrant, S., Lee, C., Jessop, A., Bidgood, A., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., Rowland, C.F., and Durrant, S.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, There is a wealth of evidence demonstrating that executive function (EF) abilities are positively associated with language development during the preschool years, such that children with good executive functions also have larger vocabularies. However, why this is the case remains to be discovered. In this study, we focused on the hypothesis that sentence processing abilities mediate the association between EF skills and receptive vocabulary knowledge, in that the speed of language acquisition is at least partially dependent on a child’s processing ability, which is itself dependent on executive control. We tested this hypothesis in longitudinal data from a cohort of 3- and 4-year-old children at three age points (37, 43, and 49 months). We found evidence, consistent with previous research, for a significant association between three EF skills (cognitive flexibility, working memory [as measured by the Backward Digit Span], and inhibition) and receptive vocabulary knowledge across this age range. However, only one of the tested sentence processing abilities (the ability to maintain multiple possible referents in mind) significantly mediated this relationship and only for one of the tested EFs (inhibition). The results suggest that children who are better able to inhibit incorrect responses are also better able to maintain multiple possible referents in mind while a sentence unfolds, a sophisticated sentence processing ability that may facilitate vocabulary learning from complex input.

Published
2023

8. Learning to generalise but not segment an artificial language at 17 months predicts children's language skills 3 years later

Author

Monaghan, P., Donnelly, S., Alcock, K., Bidgood, A., Cain, K., Durrant, S., Frost, R.L.A., Jago, L.S., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., Turnbull, H., Rowland, C.F., Monaghan, P., Donnelly, S., Alcock, K., Bidgood, A., Cain, K., Durrant, S., Frost, R.L.A., Jago, L.S., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., Turnbull, H., and Rowland, C.F.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, We investigated whether learning an artificial language at 17 months was predictive of children's natural language vocabulary and grammar skills at 54 months. Children at 17 months listened to an artificial language containing non-adjacent dependencies, and were then tested on their learning to segment and to generalise the structure of the language. At 54 months, children were then tested on a range of standardised natural language tasks that assessed receptive and expressive vocabulary and grammar. A structural equation model demonstrated that learning the artificial language generalisation at 17 months predicted language abilities - a composite of vocabulary and grammar skills - at 54 months, whereas artificial language segmentation at 17 months did not predict language abilities at this age. Artificial language learning tasks - especially those that probe grammar learning - provide a valuable tool for uncovering the mechanisms driving children's early language development, 13 p.

Published
2023

17. Individual differences in first language acquisition and their theoretical implications

Author

Kidd, E., Bidgood, A., Donnelly, S., Durrant, S., Peter, M.S., Rowland, C.F., Theakston, A.L., Ambridge, B., Twomey, K.E., Rowland, CF, Theakston, AL, Ambridge, B, Twomey, KE, Rowland, C.F., Theakston, A.L., Ambridge, B., and Twomey, K.E.

Subjects
Vocabulary, Psycholinguistics, Deep linguistic processing, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Language acquisition, Psychology, Lexicon, Vocabulary development, media_common, Diversity (politics), Cognitive psychology, Gesture
Abstract

Much of Lieven’s pioneering work has helped move the study of individual differences to the centre of child language research. The goal of the present chapter is to illustrate how the study of individual differences provides crucial insights into the language acquisition process. In part one, we summarise some of the evidence showing how pervasive individual differences are across the whole of the language system; from gestures to morphosyntax. In part two, we describe three causal factors implicated in explaining individual differences, which, we argue, must be built into any theory of language acquisition (intrinsic differences in the neurocognitive learning mechanisms, the child’s communicative environment, and developmental cascades in which each new linguistic skill that the child has to acquire depends critically on the prior acquisition of foundational abilities). In part three, we present an example study on the role of the speed of linguistic processing on vocabulary development, which illustrates our approach to individual differences. The results suggest a key role for the input in vocabulary acquisition, not only directly, by providing children with more opportunities for learning a greater diversity of words, but also indirectly, by increasing processing capacity, and thus speeding up the learning of new words. The results also show evidence of a changing relationship between lexical processing speed and vocabulary over developmental time, perhaps as a result of the changing nature of the structure of the lexicon. The study thus highlights the benefits of an individual differences approach in building, testing, and constraining theories of language acquisition.

Published
2020

18. Does the understanding of complex dynamic events at 10 months predict vocabulary development?

Author

Durrant, S., Jessop, A., Chang, F., Bidgood, A., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., Rowland, C.F., Durrant, S., Jessop, A., Chang, F., Bidgood, A., Peter, M.S., Pine, J.M., and Rowland, C.F.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 221876.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), By the end of their first year, infants can interpret many different types of complex dynamic visual events, such as caused-motion, chasing, and goal-directed action. Infants of this age are also in the early stages of vocabulary development, producing their first words at around 12 months. The present work examined whether there are meaningful individual differences in infants' ability to represent dynamic causal events in visual scenes, and whether these differences influence vocabulary development. As part of the longitudinal Language 0-5 Project, 78 10-month-old infants were tested on their ability to interpret three dynamic motion events, involving (a) caused-motion, (b) chasing behaviour, and (c) goal-directed movement. Planned analyses found that infants showed evidence of understanding the first two event types, but not the third. Looking behaviour in each task was not meaningfully related to vocabulary development, nor were there any correlations between the tasks. The results of additional exploratory analyses and simulations suggested that the infants’ understanding of each event may not be predictive of their vocabulary development, and that looking times in these tasks may not be reliably capturing any meaningful individual differences in their knowledge. This raises questions about how to convert experimental group designs to individual differences measures, and how to interpret infant looking time behaviour.

Published
2021

19. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Can Achieve Durable Remissions: An Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry Study

Author

Di Ciaccio, PR, Greenwood, M, Kennedy, G, Milliken, S, Gottlieb, D, Ritchie, DS, Purtill, D, Larsen, SR, Spencer, A, Perera, T, Yeung, DT, Durrant, S, Butler, A, Watson, A-M, Lai, HC, Doocey, RT, Goodman, HJ, Kerridge, IH, Arthur, C, Curley, C, Stewart, C, Micklethwaite, K, Collins, J, Cooney, JP, Hamad, N, Di Ciaccio, PR, Greenwood, M, Kennedy, G, Milliken, S, Gottlieb, D, Ritchie, DS, Purtill, D, Larsen, SR, Spencer, A, Perera, T, Yeung, DT, Durrant, S, Butler, A, Watson, A-M, Lai, HC, Doocey, RT, Goodman, HJ, Kerridge, IH, Arthur, C, Curley, C, Stewart, C, Micklethwaite, K, Collins, J, Cooney, JP, and Hamad, N

Published
2021

20. Improvement in Non-Relapse Mortality Following Allogeneic Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in Australia and New Zealand: An Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry Study

Author

Barge, L, Tran, S, Kennedy, G, Ritchie, DS, Gottlieb, D, Milliken, S, Spencer, A, Purtill, D, Perera, T, Doocey, RT, Larsen, S, Butler, A, Bardy, P, Greenwood, M, Durrant, S, Curley, C, Stewart, C, Tam, CS, Collins, J, Balendran, S, Di Ciaccio, PR, Patil, S, Han, M-H, Hamad, N, Barge, L, Tran, S, Kennedy, G, Ritchie, DS, Gottlieb, D, Milliken, S, Spencer, A, Purtill, D, Perera, T, Doocey, RT, Larsen, S, Butler, A, Bardy, P, Greenwood, M, Durrant, S, Curley, C, Stewart, C, Tam, CS, Collins, J, Balendran, S, Di Ciaccio, PR, Patil, S, Han, M-H, and Hamad, N

Published
2021

21. Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Mantle Cell Lymphoma Can Achieve Durable Remission and Myeloablative Conditioning Is Associated with Inferior Survival: An Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry Study

Author

Di Ciaccio, PR, Ritchie, DS, Kennedy, G, Milliken, S, Purtill, D, Gottlieb, D, Perera, T, Yeung, DT, Larsen, SR, Doocey, RT, Greenwood, M, Durrant, S, Watson, A-M, Butler, A, Khot, A, Curley, C, Hamad, N, Di Ciaccio, PR, Ritchie, DS, Kennedy, G, Milliken, S, Purtill, D, Gottlieb, D, Perera, T, Yeung, DT, Larsen, SR, Doocey, RT, Greenwood, M, Durrant, S, Watson, A-M, Butler, A, Khot, A, Curley, C, and Hamad, N

Published
2021

38. Sexual and Gender-based Asylum and the Queering of Global Space: Reading Desire, Writing Identity and the Unconventionality of the Law

Author

Dasgupta, S., Cox, E., Durrant, S., Farrier, D., Stonebridge, L., Woolley, A., and ASCA (FGw)

Abstract

The politics of sexual asylum expands, and displaces the queer critique of the human subject and its purported sexual identity, while offering a queer reappraisal of the Humanities-based critique of sexual regulation (Foucault). The essay first analyzes the writing in of the asylum-seeker through law which produces a queer subject shuttling between the poles of normalization and critical destabilization. This dialectic of sexual normalization and deregulation Building on crucial work around the global traffic in women and the rights of child asylum-seekers (Bhabha), the essay argues that the politics of sexual asylum is a potential operator for rethinking sexual identity. Secondly, the queer figurations of the sexual subject in asylum cases are analyzed in relation to the anti-normative critiques of sexual identity offered by queer theory. The essay argues that the vantage point of contemporary globalization, in particular forced migration and asylum advocacy, provides a powerful supplement to queer theory's critique of sexual normativity. The displacement of sexual identity from biology to performance, and from self-understanding to social perception in sexual asylum cases provide a far queerer and more interruptive reformulation of sexual identity than the "good homosexual" (Stychin) produced for example by laws governing same-sex marriage in the context of migration.

Published
2020

44. Non-adjacent dependency learning in infancy, and its link to language development

Author

Frost, R.L.A., Jessop, A., Durrant, S., Peter, M.S., Bidgood, A., Pine, J.M., Rowland, C.F., Monaghan, P., Frost, R.L.A., Jessop, A., Durrant, S., Peter, M.S., Bidgood, A., Pine, J.M., Rowland, C.F., and Monaghan, P.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 217740.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), To acquire language, infants must learn how to identify words and linguistic structure in speech. Statistical learning has been suggested to assist both of these tasks. However, infants' capacity to use statistics to discover words and structure together remains unclear. Further, it is not yet known how infants' statistical learning ability relates to their language development. We trained 17-month-old infants on an artificial language comprising non-adjacent dependencies, and examined their looking times on tasks assessing sensitivity to words and structure using an eye-tracked head-turn-preference paradigm. We measured infants' vocabulary size using a Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) concurrently and at 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, and 30 months to relate performance to language development. Infants could segment the words from speech, demonstrated by a significant difference in looking times to words versus part-words. Infants' segmentation performance was significantly related to their vocabulary size (receptive and expressive) both currently, and over time (receptive until 24 months, expressive until 30 months), but was not related to the rate of vocabulary growth. The data also suggest infants may have developed sensitivity to generalised structure, indicating similar statistical learning mechanisms may contribute to the discovery of words and structure in speech, but this was not related to vocabulary size.

Published
2020

45. Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the Infant-Directed-Speech preference

Author

ManyBabies Consortium, T, Frank, M, Jane Alcock, K, Arias-Trejo, N, Aschersleben, G, Baldwin, D, Barbu, S, Bergelson, E, Bergmann, C, Black, A, Blything, R, Böhland, M, Bolitho, P, Borovsky, A, Brady, S, Braun, B, Brown, A, Byers-Heinlein, K, Campbell, L, Cashon, C, Choi, M, Christodoulou, J, Cirelli, L, Conte, S, Cordes, S, Cox, C, Cristia, A, Cusack, R, Davies, C, de Klerk, M, Delle Luche, C, de Ruiter, L, Dinakar, D, Dixon, K, Durier, V, Durrant, S, Fennell, C, Ferguson, B, Ferry, A, Fikkert, P, Flanagan, T, Floccia, C, Foley, M, Fritzsche, T, Frost, R, Gampe, A, Gervain, J, Gonzalez-Gomez, N, Gupta, A, Hahn, L, Kiley Hamlin, J, Hannon, E, Havron, N, Hay, J, Hernik, M, Höhle, B, Houston, D, Howard, L, Ishikawa, M, Itakura, S, Jackson, I, Jakobsen, K, Jarto, M, Johnson, S, Junge, C, Karadag, D, Kartushina, N, Kellier, D, Keren-Portnoy, T, Klassen, K, Kline, M, Ko, E, Kominsky, J, Kosie, J, Kragness, H, Krieger, A, Krieger, F, Lany, J, Lazo, R, Lee, M, Leservoisier, C, Levelt, C, Lew-Williams, C, Lippold, M, Liszkowski, U, Liu, L, Luke, S, Lundwall, R, MACCHI CASSIA, V, Mani, N, Marino, C, Martin, A, Mastroberardino, M, Mateu, V, Mayor, J, Menn, K, Michel, C, Moriguchi, Y, Morris, B, Nave, K, Nazzi, T, Noble, C, Novack, M, Olesen, N, John Orena, A, Ota, M, Panneton, R, Parvanezadeh Esfahani, S, Paulus, M, Pletti, C, Polka, L, Potter, C, Rabagliati, H, Ramachandran, S, Rennels, J, Reynolds, G, Roth, K, Rothwell, C, Rubez, D, Ryjova, Y, Saffran, J, Sato, A, Savelkouls, S, Schachner, A, Schafer, G, Schreiner, M, Seidl, A, Shukla, M, Simpson, E, Singh, L, Skarabela, B, Soley, G, Sundara, M, Theakston, A, Thompson, A, Trainor, L, Trehub, S, Trøan, A, Sin-Mei Tsui, A, Twomey, K, Von Holzen, K, Wang, Y, Waxman, S, Werker, J, Wermelinger, S, Woolard, A, Yurovsky, D, Zahner, K, Zettersten, M, Soderstrom, M, The ManyBabies Consortium, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Maartje de Klerk, Claire Delle Luche, Laura de Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L. A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, J. Kiley Hamlin, Erin E. Hannon, Naomi Havron, Jessica Hay, Mikołaj Hernik, Barbara Höhle, Derek M. Houston, Lauren H. Howard, Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Shoji Itakura, Iain Jackson, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Marianna Jarto, Scott P. Johnson, Caroline Junge, Didar Karadag, Natalia Kartushina, Danielle J. Kellier, Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Kelsey Klassen, Melissa Kline, Eon-Suk Ko, Jonathan F. Kominsky, Jessica E. Kosie, Haley E. Kragness, Andrea A. R. Krieger, Florian Krieger, Jill Lany, Roberto J. Lazo, Michelle Lee, Chloé Leservoisier, Claartje Levelt, Casey Lew-Williams, Matthias Lippold, Ulf Liszkowski, Liquan Liu, Steven G. Luke, Rebecca A. Lundwall, Viola Macchi Cassia, Nivedita Mani, Caterina Marino, Alia Martin, Meghan Mastroberardino, Victoria Mateu, Julien Mayor, Katharina Menn, Christine Michel, Yusuke Moriguchi, Benjamin Morris, Karli M. Nave, Thierry Nazzi, Claire Noble, Miriam A. Novack, Nonah M. Olesen, Adriel John Orena, Mitsuhiko Ota, Robin Panneton, Sara Parvanezadeh Esfahani, Markus Paulus, Carolina Pletti, Linda Polka, Christine Potter, Hugh Rabagliati, Shruthilaya Ramachandran, Jennifer L. Rennels, Greg D. Reynolds, Kelly C. Roth, Charlotte Rothwell, Doroteja Rubez, Yana Ryjova, Jenny Saffran, Ayumi Sato, Sophie Savelkouls, Adena Schachner, Graham Schafer, Melanie S. Schreiner, Amanda Seidl, Mohinish Shukla, Elizabeth A. Simpson, Leher Singh, Barbora Skarabela, Gaye Soley, Megha Sundara, Anna Theakston, Abbie Thompson, Laurel J. Trainor, Sandra E. Trehub, Anna S. Trøan, Angeline Sin-Mei Tsui, Katherine Twomey, Katie Von Holzen, Yuanyuan Wang, Sandra Waxman, Janet F. Werker, Stephanie Wermelinger, Alix Woolard, Daniel Yurovsky, Katharina Zahner, Martin Zettersten, Melanie Soderstrom, ManyBabies Consortium, T, Frank, M, Jane Alcock, K, Arias-Trejo, N, Aschersleben, G, Baldwin, D, Barbu, S, Bergelson, E, Bergmann, C, Black, A, Blything, R, Böhland, M, Bolitho, P, Borovsky, A, Brady, S, Braun, B, Brown, A, Byers-Heinlein, K, Campbell, L, Cashon, C, Choi, M, Christodoulou, J, Cirelli, L, Conte, S, Cordes, S, Cox, C, Cristia, A, Cusack, R, Davies, C, de Klerk, M, Delle Luche, C, de Ruiter, L, Dinakar, D, Dixon, K, Durier, V, Durrant, S, Fennell, C, Ferguson, B, Ferry, A, Fikkert, P, Flanagan, T, Floccia, C, Foley, M, Fritzsche, T, Frost, R, Gampe, A, Gervain, J, Gonzalez-Gomez, N, Gupta, A, Hahn, L, Kiley Hamlin, J, Hannon, E, Havron, N, Hay, J, Hernik, M, Höhle, B, Houston, D, Howard, L, Ishikawa, M, Itakura, S, Jackson, I, Jakobsen, K, Jarto, M, Johnson, S, Junge, C, Karadag, D, Kartushina, N, Kellier, D, Keren-Portnoy, T, Klassen, K, Kline, M, Ko, E, Kominsky, J, Kosie, J, Kragness, H, Krieger, A, Krieger, F, Lany, J, Lazo, R, Lee, M, Leservoisier, C, Levelt, C, Lew-Williams, C, Lippold, M, Liszkowski, U, Liu, L, Luke, S, Lundwall, R, MACCHI CASSIA, V, Mani, N, Marino, C, Martin, A, Mastroberardino, M, Mateu, V, Mayor, J, Menn, K, Michel, C, Moriguchi, Y, Morris, B, Nave, K, Nazzi, T, Noble, C, Novack, M, Olesen, N, John Orena, A, Ota, M, Panneton, R, Parvanezadeh Esfahani, S, Paulus, M, Pletti, C, Polka, L, Potter, C, Rabagliati, H, Ramachandran, S, Rennels, J, Reynolds, G, Roth, K, Rothwell, C, Rubez, D, Ryjova, Y, Saffran, J, Sato, A, Savelkouls, S, Schachner, A, Schafer, G, Schreiner, M, Seidl, A, Shukla, M, Simpson, E, Singh, L, Skarabela, B, Soley, G, Sundara, M, Theakston, A, Thompson, A, Trainor, L, Trehub, S, Trøan, A, Sin-Mei Tsui, A, Twomey, K, Von Holzen, K, Wang, Y, Waxman, S, Werker, J, Wermelinger, S, Woolard, A, Yurovsky, D, Zahner, K, Zettersten, M, Soderstrom, M, The ManyBabies Consortium, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Maartje de Klerk, Claire Delle Luche, Laura de Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L. A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, J. Kiley Hamlin, Erin E. Hannon, Naomi Havron, Jessica Hay, Mikołaj Hernik, Barbara Höhle, Derek M. Houston, Lauren H. Howard, Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Shoji Itakura, Iain Jackson, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Marianna Jarto, Scott P. Johnson, Caroline Junge, Didar Karadag, Natalia Kartushina, Danielle J. Kellier, Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Kelsey Klassen, Melissa Kline, Eon-Suk Ko, Jonathan F. Kominsky, Jessica E. Kosie, Haley E. Kragness, Andrea A. R. Krieger, Florian Krieger, Jill Lany, Roberto J. Lazo, Michelle Lee, Chloé Leservoisier, Claartje Levelt, Casey Lew-Williams, Matthias Lippold, Ulf Liszkowski, Liquan Liu, Steven G. Luke, Rebecca A. Lundwall, Viola Macchi Cassia, Nivedita Mani, Caterina Marino, Alia Martin, Meghan Mastroberardino, Victoria Mateu, Julien Mayor, Katharina Menn, Christine Michel, Yusuke Moriguchi, Benjamin Morris, Karli M. Nave, Thierry Nazzi, Claire Noble, Miriam A. Novack, Nonah M. Olesen, Adriel John Orena, Mitsuhiko Ota, Robin Panneton, Sara Parvanezadeh Esfahani, Markus Paulus, Carolina Pletti, Linda Polka, Christine Potter, Hugh Rabagliati, Shruthilaya Ramachandran, Jennifer L. Rennels, Greg D. Reynolds, Kelly C. Roth, Charlotte Rothwell, Doroteja Rubez, Yana Ryjova, Jenny Saffran, Ayumi Sato, Sophie Savelkouls, Adena Schachner, Graham Schafer, Melanie S. Schreiner, Amanda Seidl, Mohinish Shukla, Elizabeth A. Simpson, Leher Singh, Barbora Skarabela, Gaye Soley, Megha Sundara, Anna Theakston, Abbie Thompson, Laurel J. Trainor, Sandra E. Trehub, Anna S. Trøan, Angeline Sin-Mei Tsui, Katherine Twomey, Katie Von Holzen, Yuanyuan Wang, Sandra Waxman, Janet F. Werker, Stephanie Wermelinger, Alix Woolard, Daniel Yurovsky, Katharina Zahner, Martin Zettersten, and Melanie Soderstrom

Abstract

Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using seminaturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.

Published
2020

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