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50. Preference for salt contributes to sympathovagal imbalance in the genesis of prehypertension

Author

Pal, G.K., Adithan, C., Dutta, T.K., Pal, P., Nanda, N., Kiran, Syamsundara A.N., Lalitha, V., and Amudharaj, D.

Subjects
Salts -- Health aspects, Heart beat -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Body mass index -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Hypertension -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As salt preference is known to cause hypertension (HTN), the present study was conducted to assess the impact of preference for salt on sympathovagal imbalance in prehypertensives by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), basal heart rate, blood pressure (BP), rate pressure product and spectral indices of HRV such as total power (TP), normalized low frequency power (LFnu), normalized high frequency power (HFnu), ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power (LF-HF ratio), mean heart rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal (NN) intervals, the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals >50ms (NN50) and the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals were assessed in 555 subjects divided into four groups: Group 1, normotensives no-salt-preference subjects (n = 260); Group 2, normotensives salt-preference subjects (n = 185);Group 3, prehypertensives no-salt-preference subjects (n = 25); and Group 4, prehypertensives salt-preference subjects (n = 89). Sympathovagal balance was analyzed and contribution of individual factor to sympathovagal imbalance was assessed by regression analysis. RESULTS: LFnu was significantly increased (P = 0.009), whereas TP and HFnu were significantly decreased (P = 0.024 and 0.007, respectively) in the salt-preference groups compared with the no-salt-preference groups. LF-HF ratio, the sensitive indicator of sympathovagal balance, was significantly increased (P CONCLUSIONS: Salt preference is associated with sympathovagal imbalance caused by sympathetic overactivity and vagal withdrawal. Sympathovagal imbalance is more intense in salt-preferring prehypertensives compared with salt-preferring normotensives. Sympathovagal imbalance in salt-preferring subjects is independent of BMI. Thus, salt-preferring subjects should be encouraged to restrict salt intake to maintain their sympathovagal balance and BP homeostasis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 586-591; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.64; published online 20 March 2013 Keywords: salt preference; prehypertension; heart rate variability; body mass index; sympathovagal imbalance; LF-HF ratio, INTRODUCTION The contribution of salt preference to essential hypertension (HTN) in human beings (1,2) and experimental HTN in animal models (3) has been well established long before. Several studies on [...]

Published
2013
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