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Neural machine translation (NMT) is a sophisticated technique that employs a large, singular neural network to learn and execute automatic translation tasks. Unlike statistical machine translation systems, NMT handles the entire translation process in an end-to-end manner, removing the need for additional components. This approach has shown significant promise in translation quality and has become the prevalent method. In this study, we apply sparsely factored NMT to English and several Indo-Aryan (Hindi, Bengali) and Dravidian (Tamil, Malayalam) language pairs. Specifically, we develop the machine translation system using an attention-based mechanism. A significant problem with traditional transformers is the huge memory requirement. Therefore, a sparsely factored NMT (SFNMT) is used to reduce the memory requirement but also improves the training time, thereby, reducing the computing time. In this paper, take inspiration from Vaswani transformer and modify it to get the best results. The system's performance was evaluated using the BLEU metric. The proposed model indtrl achieves a BLUE score of 32.13 (en→hi), 29.31 (en→be), 31.21 (en→ta), 21.12 (en→ml) and 32.67 (en→hi), 29.38 (en→be), 31.75 (en→ta), 21.17 (en→ml) without backtranslation and with backtranslation. To evaluate the performance of the system, we compared the results with those of existing systems. The developed system demonstrated a marginally higher BLEU score than both AnglaMT and Google translate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perplexity associated with the relevant practical application of the nanofluid lies with the alteration of the surface morphology. In the context of a heat pipe, it is established that the nanofluids, when used for a longer duration, are prone to agglomerate, and using them as working fluid can influence the heat pipe's performance. The current work aims to examine the heat pipe performance deviation charged with Al2O3/de-ionized water nanofluid for extended operation periods of 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. The fabricated heat pipes charged with 40% of evaporator volume with various concentrations of Al2O3 base nanofluid (0.1%, 0.5%, and 0.8% volume fraction) were tested for various heat inputs (10, 30, and 60 W). The temporal effect of nanofluid on heat pipe performance was analyzed after successive intervals. The results propose that the heat pipe charged with nanofluid exhibits superior thermal performance in lieu of de-ionized water. Also, the performance characteristics of the heat pipe were more consistent and reliable for higher heat input of 60 W compared to 10 W when tested after a longer duration. The nanoparticles' sedimentation and accumulation on the mesh clog adversely affect the contact angle and thus help in increasing the boiling limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive numerical simulations are made to examine the combined effect of three distinct passive techniques: partial porous insert, corrugated walls, and hybrid nanofluid on thermo-hydraulic properties and entropy generation of three different wavy channels (triangular, sinusoidal, and trapezoidal) for the first time. The finite element method is used, and the simulations are performed considering Ag-TiO2-Water hybrid nanofluid (0 to 4%) as a coolant for Reynolds number range from 5 to 500 and Darcy number, 10-6. The present study will be helpful in designing and establishing a viable heat exchanging device from both the first law and second law of thermodynamics perspectives with maximum performance. It is demonstrated that the insertion of porous media between the corrugated walls enhances the thermal performance with simultaneous increment in pressure losses. It is observed that the trapezoidal channel is founded to be viable with a performance factor higher than 1 for a given range of Reynolds number, unlike the other two channels, which are viable only for higher Reynolds number. Therefore, the trapezoidal channel performs best with maximum enhancement in thermal performance by 90%. Also, from entropy generation analysis, it is shown that all three channels are thermodynamically advantageous from a second law perspective but only for low values of Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work provides essential insight on the evaporation process of the thin film in an extended evaporating meniscus through a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates the effect of nanofluid and the electrostatic interactions arising due to the nanoparticles (Al2O3) with polar liquid (water). A lubrication theory-based model comprised of the Young-Laplace equation and kinetic-theory-based mass transport equations have been employed to reveal the different facets and the characteristics of the evaporating thin film meniscus. Results obtained show the comparison of the base liquid and the nanofluid first with the dispersion interactions alone and then with electrostatic interactions. It is revealed that the introduction of the nanoparticles in the thin film evaporation can increase the heat transfer; however, for polar liquids, the electrostatic interactions can increase the total disjoining pressure and reduce the capillary pressure for a given pressure difference. Also, neglecting the electrostatic interactions with enhanced thermophysical properties and dispersion interactions alone can exaggerate the thickness increment and understate the heat transfer from the evaporating nanofluid meniscus. Moreover, incorporating the electrostatic interactions cannot be overlooked while unveiling the underlying physics of the evaporating nanofluid meniscus for polar liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss about just-non-CLT groups and we give a characterization of solvable just-non-CLT groups which have no subgroup of index p, where p is the smallest prime dividing |G|. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study numerically investigates the impact of different Prandtl numbers on thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics of partial porous wavy channel for a laminar flow. The series of simulations are performed for various thicknesses (S = 0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) of the porous slab at different Prandtl numbers (0.72 ≤ Pr ≤ 100), Darcy numbers (10−6≤Da ≤ 10−2), and Reynolds number (Re = 5, 50, 200). Firstly, the variation of the average Nusselt number Nuavg, Enhancement Ratio ER, and Performance Factor PF has been delineated at constant Da for all the geometry configurations, Re, and range of Pr. The result shows a significant increment in the Nuavg and ER with increasing Pr and Re for all geometry configurations. However, the performance factor deteriorates with increasing slab thickness (S = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) compared to S = 0. Later, the effect of the various Da is evaluated, which revealed that the Nuavg decreases with increasing Da values, while the ER almost becomes double for Da values between 10−2 to 10−6 at S = 0.4. Streamline contours and temperature field distribution contours are also shown to visualize the physical phenomenon governing fluid flow and heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The communication style of an organization plays a significant role in achieving the goal. In the healthcare industry aspects of communication among co-workers and management play a very sensitive role. Nicobar health private limited (NHPL) (imaginary) is a large organization. This case study present issues on versions of the communication gap between higher authorities and subordinate employees that lead to traumatized lifetime experience of an employee within the organization while rendering her duties. The differences between two individuals (senior and subordinate) turned into workplace harassment. Communication barriers promoted harassment at workplace, therefore this case study tries to touch these issues and it will also provide suggestions for further improvement in employee communication with reference to a safe workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case describes the vision of a founding person who has spent 15 years in the fields and wanted a change in lives of women and girls who were having the second status within their own families. The result of his vision has shaped very well into a movement spread across in many villages discussed thoroughly in the case study. The case's objective is to review the unique empowerment model of SAMARTH through skill development program (free of cost sewing training and handholding) and find how it is developing the skill and confidence of the underprivileged girls and women. Ironically, even today, there is no targeted approach of connecting each and every family with some skills which can support their livelihoods. This experiment of doing the same in the SAMARTH intervention area has actually reflected great socio-economic results. This case shows how beneficiaries have developed a sense of ownership about the intervention and attained an initial level of entrepreneurship. The case is based upon observation, informal discussion with community members, and interviews of ten young women from the field area, and lots of reports made available from the agency's office. Indeed, SAMARTH experiment with unique empowerment model based on skill training and confidence-building has given rich dividends and also created a positive impact in lives of hundreds of marginalized and downtrodden girls and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]