Author: "Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

41 results on '"Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses"'

1. Tumor-intrinsic sensitivity to the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell antitumor activity

Author: Morgane Boulch, Marine Cazaux, Alexis Cuffel, Marion V. Guerin, Zacarias Garcia, Ruby Alonso, Fabrice Lemaître, Alexander Beer, Béatrice Corre, Laurie Menger, Capucine L. Grandjean, Florence Morin, Catherine Thieblemont, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Philippe Bousso, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis - Hématologie Immunologie Oncologie (Département de recherche de l’UFR de médecine, ex- Institut Universitaire Hématologie-IUH) (IRSL), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, INCa (PLBIO21-104) and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B.)., We thank members of the Bousso laboratory for critical review of the paper. We are grateful to F. Sepulveda for providing Prf1−/− mice. We acknowledge the mouse facility and CB UTechS at Institut Pasteur for support in conducting the present study, European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers (ITIC), and Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: CD4+ T cells and CD4+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells display highly variable antitumor activity in preclinical models and in patients; however, the mechanisms dictating how and when CD4+ T cells promote tumor regression are incompletely understood. With the help of functional intravital imaging, we report that interferon (IFN)-γ production but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for tumor elimination by anti-CD19 CD4+ CAR T cells. Mechanistically, mouse or human CD4+ CAR T-cell-derived IFN-γ diffused extensively to act on tumor cells at distance selectively killing tumors sensitive to cytokine-induced apoptosis, including antigen-negative variants. In anti-CD19 CAR T-cell-treated patients exhibiting elevated CAR CD4:CD8 ratios, strong induction of serum IFN-γ was associated with increased survival. We propose that the sensitivity of tumor cells to the pro-apoptotic activity of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell efficacy and may be considered to guide the use of CD4+ T cells during immunotherapy.
Published: 2023

2. Immunomodulation under the lens of real‐time in vivo imaging

Author: Bousso, Philippe, Grandjean, Capucine, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, La Ligue contre le Cancer (P.B.), ANR JCJC (C.L.G) and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B.)., and European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018)
Subjects: multiphoton microscopy, Immunology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, intravital imaging, fluorescent reporters, immunotherapies, immunomodulation
Abstract: International audience; Modulation of cells and molecules of the immune system not only represents a major opportunity to treat a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders but could also help understand the intricacies of immune responses. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how a specific immune intervention may provide clinical benefit is essential for the rational design of efficient immunomodulators. Visualizing the impact of immunomodulation in real-time and in vivo has emerged as an important approach to achieve this goal. In this review, we aim to illustrate how multiphoton intravital imaging has helped clarify the mode of action of immunomodulatory strategies such as antibodies or cell therapies. We also discuss how optogenetics combined with imaging will further help manipulate and precisely understand immunomodulatory pathways. Combined with other single-cell technologies, in vivo dynamic imaging has therefore a major potential for guiding preclinical development of immunomodulatory drugs.
Published: 2023

3. SPICE‐Met : profiling and imaging energy metabolism at the single‐cell level using a fluorescent reporter mouse

Author: Erica Russo, Fabrice Lemaître, Béatrice Corre, Aleksandra S Chikina, Francina Langa‐Vives, Philippe Bousso, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'Ingénierie génétique murine - Mouse Genetics Engineering Center (CIGM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, the Vaccine Research Institute in Créteil, France, and an advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council. E.R. was supported by fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Vaccine Research Institute., We thank members of the Bousso laboratory for the critical review of the manuscript. We thank CB_UTechS at Institut Pasteur for support in conducting the present study., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, immunometabolism, imaging, Mice, Transgenic, glycolysis, OXPHOS, Oxidative Phosphorylation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Adenosine Diphosphate, Mice, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Energy Metabolism, Molecular Biology, energy
Abstract: International audience; The regulation of cellular energy metabolism is central to most physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, most current methods have limited ability to functionally probe metabolic pathways in individual cells. Here, we describe SPICE-Met (Single-cell Profiling and Imaging of Cell Energy Metabolism), a method for profiling energy metabolism in single cells using flow cytometry or imaging. We generated a transgenic mouse expressing PercevalHR, a fluorescent reporter for cellular ATP:ADP ratio. Modulation of PercevalHR fluorescence with metabolic inhibitors was used to infer the dependence of energy metabolism on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in defined cell populations identified by flow cytometry. We applied SPICE-Met to analyze T-cell memory development during vaccination. Finally, we used SPICE-Met in combination with real-time imaging to dissect the heterogeneity and plasticity of energy metabolism in single macrophages ex vivo and identify three distinct metabolic patterns. Functional probing of energy metabolism with single-cell resolution should greatly facilitate the study of immunometabolism at a steady state, during disease pathogenesis or in response to therapy.
Published: 2022

4. Spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signals during neutrophil cluster formation

Author: Roxana Khazen, Béatrice Corre, Zacarias Garcia, Fabrice Lemaître, Sophie Bachellier-Bassi, Christophe d’Enfert, Philippe Bousso, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm (France), and an advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council. R.K. was supported by fellowships from the Canceropole and Fondation ARC., We thank members of the P.B. laboratory and M. Sarris for critical review of the manuscript. We thank CB_UTechS at Institut Pasteur for support in conducting the present study., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), HUGOT, Bérengère, and INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, calcium, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Neutrophils, Zymosan, imaging, neutrophil, Leukotriene B4, swarming, Mice, Candida albicans, Animals, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Calcium Signaling, clustering
Abstract: Neutrophils form cellular clusters or swarms in response to injury or pathogen intrusion. Yet, intracellular signaling events favoring this coordinated response remain to be fully characterized. Here, we show that calcium signals play a critical role during mouse neutrophil clustering around particles of zymosan, a structural fungal component. Pioneer neutrophils recognizing zymosan or live Candida albicans displayed elevated calcium levels. Subsequently, a transient wave of calcium signals in neighboring cells was observed followed by the attraction of neutrophils that exhibited more persistent calcium signals as they reached zymosan particles. Calcium signals promoted LTB4 production while the blocking of extracellular calcium entry or LTB4 signaling abrogated cluster formation. Finally, using optogenetics to manipulate calcium influx in primary neutrophils, we show that calcium signals could initiate recruitment of neighboring neutrophils in an LTB4-dependent manner. Thus, sustained calcium responses at the center of the cluster are necessary and sufficient for the generation of chemoattractive gradients that attract neutrophils in a self-reinforcing process.
Published: 2022

5. Time 2EVOLVE

Author: Sonia Guedan, Maik Luu, Delphine Ammar, Paula Barbao, Chiara Bonini, Philippe Bousso, Christian J Buchholz, Monica Casucci, Biagio De Angelis, Emmanuel Donnadieu, David Espie, Beatrice Greco, Richard Groen, Johannes B Huppa, Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun, Bruno Laugel, Mary Mantock, Janet L Markman, Emma Morris, Concetta Quintarelli, Michael Rade, Kristin Reiche, Alba Rodriguez-Garcia, Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz, Eliana Ruggiero, Maria Themeli, Michael Hudecek, Ibtissam Marchiq, Publica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University Hospital of Würzburg, Astellas Pharma B.V. [Leiden, the Netherlands], IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paul-Ehrlich-Institute - Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines (EPI), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital [Rome, Italy], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Invectys [Paris], Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier [Suresnes] (IRIS), Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., University College of London [London] (UCL), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (Fraunhofer IZI), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), and This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 116026. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and EFPIA
Subjects: Cancer Research, MESH: Immunotherapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Adoptive, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Adoptive immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Receptors, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, Preclinical drug evaluation, Cell engineering, Chimeric Antigen, Preclinical, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Oncology, MESH: Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Chimeric antigen receptors, Molecular Medicine, Drug Evaluation, Immunotherapy
Abstract: International audience; Immunotherapy with gene engineered CAR and TCR transgenic T-cells is a transformative treatment in cancer medicine. There is a rich pipeline with target antigens and sophisticated technologies that will enable establishing this novel treatment not only in rare hematological malignancies, but also in common solid tumors. The T2EVOLVE consortium is a public private partnership directed at accelerating the preclinical development of and increasing access to engineered T-cell immunotherapies for cancer patients. A key ambition in T2EVOLVE is to assess the currently available preclinical models for evaluating safety and efficacy of engineered T cell therapy and developing new models and test parameters with higher predictive value for clinical safety and efficacy in order to improve and accelerate the selection of lead T-cell products for clinical translation. Here, we review existing and emerging preclinical models that permit assessing CAR and TCR signaling and antigen binding, the access and function of engineered T-cells to primary and metastatic tumor ligands, as well as the impact of endogenous factors such as the host immune system and microbiome. Collectively, this review article presents a perspective on an accelerated translational development path that is based on innovative standardized preclinical test systems for CAR and TCR transgenic T-cell products.
Published: 2022

6. Group 1 ILCs regulate T cell–mediated liver immunopathology by controlling local IL-2 availability

Author: Valeria Fumagalli, Valentina Venzin, Pietro Di Lucia, Federica Moalli, Xenia Ficht, Gioia Ambrosi, Leonardo Giustini, Francesco Andreata, Marta Grillo, Diletta Magini, Micol Ravà, Christin Friedrich, Jason D. Fontenot, Philippe Bousso, Sarah A. Gilmore, Shahzada Khan, Manuel Baca, Eric Vivier, Georg Gasteiger, Mirela Kuka, Luca G. Guidotti, Matteo Iannacone, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Max Planck Research Group - The Julius-Maximiliams-Universität Würzburg, Sangamo Therapeutics brisbane, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Gilead Sciences, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innate Pharma, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), ANR-17-RHUS-0007,PIONEER,Precision Immuno-Oncology for advanced Non small cell lung cancer patients with PD-1 ICI Resistance(2017), Fumagalli, V, Venzin, V, Di Lucia, P, Moalli, F, Ficht, X, Ambrosi, G, Giustini, L, Andreata, F, Grillo, M, Magini, D, Rava, M, Friedrich, C, Fontenot, J, Bousso, P, Gilmore, S, Khan, S, Baca, M, Vivier, E, Gasteiger, G, Kuka, M, Guidotti, L, Iannacone, M, Fumagalli, V., Venzin, V., Di Lucia, P., Moalli, F., Ficht, X., Ambrosi, G., Giustini, L., Andreata, F., Grillo, M., Magini, D., Rava, M., Friedrich, C., Fontenot, J. D., Bousso, P., Gilmore, S. A., Khan, S., Baca, M., Vivier, E., Gasteiger, G., Kuka, M., Guidotti, L. G., and Iannacone, M.
Subjects: Mice, Inbred BALB C, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Mice, Transgenic, General Medicine, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunity, Innate, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Killer Cells, Natural, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mice, Congenic, Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), Animals, Interleukin-2, Lymphocytes
Abstract: Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which comprise both natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are important innate effectors that can also positively and negatively influence adaptive immune responses. The latter function is generally ascribed to the ability of NK cells to recognize and kill activated T cells. Here, we used multiphoton intravital microscopy in mouse models of hepatitis B to study the intrahepatic behavior of group 1 ILCs and their cross-talk with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–specific CD8+T cells. We found that hepatocellular antigen recognition by effector CD8+T cells triggered a prominent increase in the number of hepatic NK cells and ILC1s. Group 1 ILCs colocalized and engaged in prolonged interactions with effector CD8+T cells undergoing hepatocellular antigen recognition; however, they did not induce T cell apoptosis. Rather, group 1 ILCs constrained CD8+T cell proliferation by controlling local interleukin-2 (IL-2) availability. Accordingly, group 1 ILC depletion, or genetic removal of their IL-2 receptor a chain, considerably increased the number of intrahepatic HBV-specific effector CD8+T cells and the attendant immunopathology. Together, these results reveal a role for group 1 ILCs in controlling T cell–mediated liver immunopathology by limiting local IL-2 concentration and have implications for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Published: 2022

7. Integration of intermittent calcium signals in T cells revealed by temporally patterned optogenetics

Author: Béatrice Corre, Yassine El Janati Elidrissi, Justine Duval, Mailys Quilhot, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Solène Ecomard, Fabrice Lemaître, Zacarias Garcia, Armelle Bohineust, Erica Russo, Philippe Bousso, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B.)., and European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018)
Subjects: Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Immunological methods, Biochemistry
Abstract: International audience; T cells become activated following one or multiple contacts with antigen-presenting cells. Calcium influx is a key signaling event elicited during these cellular interactions; however, it is unclear whether T cells recall and integrate calcium signals elicited during temporally separated contacts. To study the integration of calcium signals, we designed a programmable, multiplex illumination strategy for temporally patterned optogenetics (TEMPO). We found that a single round of calcium elevation was insufficient to promote nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity and cytokine production in a T cell line. However, robust responses were detected after a second identical stimulation even when signals were separated by several hours. Our results suggest the existence of a biochemical memory of calcium signals in T cells that favors signal integration during temporally separated contacts and promote cytokine production. As illustrated here, TEMPO is a versatile approach for dissecting temporal integration in defined signaling pathways.
Published: 2023

8. Functional heterogeneity of cytotoxic T cells and tumor resistance to cytotoxic hits limit anti‐tumor activity in vivo

Author: Roxana Khazen, Marine Cazaux, Fabrice Lemaître, Zacarias Garcia, Béatrice Corre, Philippe Bousso, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM and an advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council. R.K. was supported by fellowships from the Canceropole and Fondation ARC., We thank the mouse facility and Technology Core of the Center for Translational Science (CRT) at Institut Pasteur for support in conducting the present study., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Paris (UP), HUGOT, Bérengère, and INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID
Subjects: Immunological Synapses, Lymphoma, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antigens, CD19, Immunology, Apoptosis, sublethal hit, Biology, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Cytotoxic T cell, lethal hit, sublethal hit Subject Categories Cancer, Molecular Biology, Cell damage, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, B-Lymphocytes, 0303 health sciences, Tumor microenvironment, CAR T cells, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, General Immunology and Microbiology, Immunological synapse formation, General Neuroscience, Cell Membrane, Articles, medicine.disease, In vitro, Mice, Inbred C57BL, CTL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cancer research, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Calcium, intravital imaging, Bone marrow, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract: International audience; Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) can eliminate tumor cells through the delivery of lethal hits, but the actual efficiency of this process in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. Here, we visualized the capacity of single CTLs to attack tumor cells in vitro and in vivo using genetically encoded reporters that monitor cell damage and apoptosis. Using two distinct malignant B-cell lines, we found that the majority of cytotoxic hits delivered by CTLs in vitro were sublethal despite proper immunological synapse formation, and associated with reversible calcium elevation and membrane damage in the targets. Through intravital imaging in the bone marrow, we established that the majority of CTL interactions with lymphoma B cells were either unproductive or sublethal. Functional heterogeneity of CTLs contributed to diverse outcomes during CTL-tumor contacts in vivo. In the therapeutic settings of anti-CD19 CAR T cells, the majority of CAR T cell-tumor interactions were also not associated with lethal hit delivery. Thus, differences in CTL lytic potential together with tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic hits represent two important bottlenecks for antitumor responses in vivo.
Published: 2021

9. Is there a place for CAR‐T cells in the treatment of chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases?

Author: Orvain, Cindy, Boulch, Morgane, Bousso, Philippe, Allanore, Yannick, Avouac, Jérôme, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Paris (UP), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: CAAR-T cells, CAR-T cells, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CAR-Tregs, autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Abstract: International audience; Article type : Review Is there a place for CART cells in the treatment of chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Cindy Orvain (PhD) (1), Morgane Boulch (PhD) (2), Philippe Bousso (PhD) (2), Yannick Allanore (MD, PhD) (1, 3, 4), Jérôme Avouac (MD, PhD) (1, 3, 4)
Published: 2021

10. Quorum sensing governs collective dendritic cell activation in vivo

Author: Gustave Ronteix, Clémence Loaec, Zacarias Garcia, Jérémy Postat, Philippe Bousso, Fabrice Lemaître, Margot Bardou, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Paris (UP), Microfluidique Physique et Bio-ingénierie - Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7 Ideas). Grant Number: ERC Ad-Gran-ENLIGHTEN Institut Pasteur Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-École polytechnique (X), HUGOT, Bérengère, and INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.medical_treatment, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Cell Count, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Paracrine signalling, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Autocrine signalling, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Quorum Sensing, Dendritic cell, Dendritic Cells, Articles, Acquired immune system, Immunity, Innate, Mice, Mutant Strains, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Quorum sensing, Cytokine, Poly I-C, TLR3, Interferon Type I, dendritic cell activation, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, cytokine signaling, Lymph Nodes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, type I IFN
Abstract: We thank M. Guerin for help in image acquisition and the mouse facility and Technology Core of the Center for Translational Science (CRT) at Institut Pasteur for support in conducting the present study; International audience; Dendritic cell (DC) activation by viral RNA sensors such as TLR3 and MDA-5 is critical for initiating antiviral immunity. Optimal DC activation is promoted by type I interferon (IFN) signaling which is believed to occur in either autocrine or paracrine fashion. Here, we show that neither autocrine nor paracrine type I IFN signaling can fully account for DC activation by poly(I:C) in vitro and in vivo. By controlling the density of type I IFN-producing cells in vivo, we establish that instead a quorum of type I IFN-producing cells is required for optimal DC activation and that this process proceeds at the level of an entire lymph node. This collective behavior, governed by type I IFN diffusion, is favored by the requirement for prolonged cytokine exposure to achieve DC activation. Furthermore, collective DC activation was found essential for the development of innate and adaptive immunity in lymph nodes. Our results establish how collective rather than cell-autonomous processes can govern the initiation of immune responses.
Published: 2021

11. High resolution microfluidic assay and probabilistic modeling reveal cooperation between T cells in tumor killing

Author: Gustave Ronteix, Shreyansh Jain, Christelle Angely, Marine Cazaux, Roxana Khazen, Philippe Bousso, Charles N. Baroud, Microfluidique Physique et Bio-ingénierie - Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), P.B. is funded by Institut Pasteur, Inserm and an advanced grant from the European Research Council (ENLIGHTEN). G.R. is funded by the Direction Générale de l’Armement. The authors acknowledge the support of the Biomaterials and Microfluidics platform and the FabLab at Institut Pasteur., The authors acknowledge enlightening discussions with Clément Roussel, Andrey Aristov, Raphael Tomasi, Gabriel Amselem and all members of the Baroud team. Raphael Voituriez is gratefully acknowledged for his comments on the probabilistic descriptions., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), HUGOT, Bérengère, and INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Neoplasms, Microfluidics, Tumor Microenvironment, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, General Physics and Astronomy, Humans, General Chemistry, Immunotherapy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract: Cytotoxic T cells are important components of natural anti-tumor immunity and are harnessed in tumor immunotherapies. Immune responses to tumors and immune therapy outcomes largely vary among individuals, but very few studies examine the contribution of intrinsic behavior of the T cells to this heterogeneity. Here we show the development of a microfluidic-based in vitro method to track the outcome of antigen-specific T cell activity on many individual cancer spheroids simultaneously at high spatiotemporal resolution, which we call Multiscale Immuno-Oncology on-Chip System (MIOCS). By combining parallel measurements of T cell behaviors and tumor fates with probabilistic modeling, we establish that the first recruited T cells initiate a positive feedback loop to accelerate further recruitment to the spheroid. We also provide evidence that cooperation between T cells on the spheroid during the killing phase facilitates tumor destruction. Thus, we propose that both T cell accumulation and killing function rely on collective behaviors rather than simply reflecting the sum of individual T cell activities, and the possibility to track many replicates of immune cell-tumor interactions with the level of detail our system provides may contribute to our understanding of immune response heterogeneity.
Published: 2021

12. A crosstalk between CAR T cell subsets and the tumor microenvironment is essential for sustained cytotoxic activity

Author: Yann Loe-Mie, Philippe Bousso, Marine Cazaux, Zacarias Garcia, Fabrice Lemaître, Béatrice Corre, Capucine L. Grandjean, Ronan Thibaut, Morgane Boulch, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur,Inserm and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B). M. Cazaux received financial support from ITMO Cancer ‘Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé’ within the framework of the Cancer Plan., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), HUGOT, Bérengère, INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Lymphoma, B-Cell, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antigens, CD19, Immunology, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Cell Communication, Biology, Lymphocyte Activation, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Interferon-gamma, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Antigens, Neoplasm, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Tumor Microenvironment, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Cytotoxicity, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Tumor microenvironment, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, Gene Expression Profiling, Computational Biology, General Medicine, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Chimeric antigen receptor, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Cytokines, human activities, CD8
Abstract: International audience; Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy relies on the activity of a large pool of tumor-targeting cytotoxic effectors. Whether CAR T cells act autonomously or require interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains incompletely understood. Here, we report an essential cross-talk between CAR T cell subsets and the TME for tumor control in an immunocompetent mouse B cell lymphoma model of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed substantial modification of the TME during CAR T cell therapy. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) produced by CAR T cells not only enhanced endogenous T and natural killer cell activity but was also essential for sustaining CAR T cell cytotoxicity, as revealed by intravital imaging. CAR T cell-derived IFN-γ facilitated host interleukin-12 production that supported host immune and CAR T cell responses. Compared with CD8+ CAR T cells, CD4+ CAR T cells were more efficient at host immune activation but less capable of direct tumor killing. In summary, CAR T cells do not act independently in vivo but rely instead on cytokine-mediated cross-talk with the TME for optimal activity. Invigorating CAR T cell interplay with the host represents an attractive strategy to prevent relapses after therapy.
Published: 2021

13. Imaging the mechanisms of anti-CD20 therapy in vivo uncovers spatiotemporal bottlenecks in antibody-dependent phagocytosis

Author: Grandjean, Capucine L., Garcia, Zacarias, Lemaître, Fabrice, Bréart, Béatrice, Bousso, Philippe, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), HUGOT, Bérengère, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, SciAdv r-articles, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Research Articles, Research Article, Cancer
Abstract: The mechanism and limitations of anti-CD20 therapy, a major treatment for B cell lymphomas, were uncovered using in vivo imaging., Anti-CD20 antibody (mAb) represents an effective strategy for the treatment of B cell malignancies, possibly involving complement activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (ADP). While ADP by Kupffer cells deplete circulating tumors, mechanisms targeting non-circulating tumors remain unclear. Using intravital imaging in a model of B cell lymphoma, we establish here the dominance and limitations of ADP in the bone marrow (BM). We found that tumor cells were stably residing in the BM with little evidence for recirculation. To elucidate the mechanism of depletion, we designed a dual fluorescent reporter to visualize phagocytosis and apoptosis. ADP by BM-associated macrophages was the primary mode of tumor elimination but was no longer active after one hour, resulting in partial depletion. Moreover, macrophages were present at low density in tumor-rich regions, targeting only neighboring tumors. Overcoming spatiotemporal bottlenecks in tumor-targeting Ab therapy thus represents a critical path towards the design of optimized therapies.
Published: 2021

14. Nitric oxide controls proliferation of Leishmania major by inhibiting the recruitment of permissive host cells

Author: Patricia Gintschel, Pauline Formaglio, Michael Meyer-Hermann, Andreas Müller, Burkhart Schraven, Philippe Robert, Anne Dudeck, Anna Krone, Juliane Mohr, Sascha Kahlfuß, Sahamoddin Khailaie, Juliane Handschuh, Sandrina Heyde, Yan Fu, Anja Schröder, Gang Zhao, Sebastian Binder, Jochen Huehn, Lars Philipsen, Gerald F. Späth, Anastasios Siokis, Ina Sauerland, Juliane Stettin, Philippe Bousso, Jessica Bertrand, Mohamad Alabdullah, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg = Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg] (OVGU), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), University of Oslo (UiO), Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation / Molecular Parasitology and Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (StG ImmProDynamics, grant agreement 714233 to A.J.M.), the German Research Foundation (DFG) (SFB854-Z01, SFB854-B31, MU 3744/2-1, MU3744/4-1, and SPP2225 [MU3744/5-1] to A.J.M. and KA 4514/2-1 to S. Kahlfuß), and the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt and the European Regional Development Fund (project NeutrEat to A.J.M.)., Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg] (OVGU), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ricard Andraos, Christel, and BRICS, Braunschweiger Zentrum für Systembiologie, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
Subjects: Phagocyte, Intravital Microscopy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, Immunology and Allergy, Leishmania major, Pathogen, Leishmaniasis, Leishmania, 0303 health sciences, biology, Effector, intracellular pathogen, phagocyte, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], iNOS, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Host-Pathogen Interactions, monocyte, medicine.symptom, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunology, Inflammation, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cell Growth Processes, Nitric Oxide, biosensor, Article, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, nitric oxide, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, 2-photon microscopy, Monocyte, Intracellular parasite, Macrophages, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, chemistry, inflammation, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Summary Nitric oxide (NO) is an important antimicrobial effector but also prevents unnecessary tissue damage by shutting down the recruitment of monocyte-derived phagocytes. Intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major can hijack these cells as a niche for replication. Thus, NO might exert containment by restricting the availability of the cellular niche required for efficient pathogen proliferation. However, such indirect modes of action remain to be established. By combining mathematical modeling with intravital 2-photon biosensors of pathogen viability and proliferation, we show that low L. major proliferation results not from direct NO impact on the pathogen but from reduced availability of proliferation-permissive host cells. Although inhibiting NO production increases recruitment of these cells, and thus pathogen proliferation, blocking cell recruitment uncouples the NO effect from pathogen proliferation. Therefore, NO fulfills two distinct functions for L. major containment: permitting direct killing and restricting the supply of proliferation-permissive host cells., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Direct killing of L. major by NO occurs only during the peak of the immune response • Efficient L. major proliferation requires newly recruited monocyte-derived cells • Loss of NO production increases both pathogen proliferation and monocyte recruitment • NO dampens L. major proliferation indirectly, limiting the pathogen’s cellular niche, Besides direct antimicrobial activity, nitric oxide (NO) can inhibit the entry of inflammatory cells into infected tissues. Intracellular pathogens can hijack such cells as niches for proliferation. Formaglio et al. show that restriction of proliferation-permissive host cell recruitment by NO represents a mechanism that controls Leishmania major infection.
Published: 2020

15. Les nouveaux enjeux de l’hépatite C : la dépister pour l’éradiquer

Author: P. Sogni, Université de Paris (UP), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hépatite C, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Medicine, Mass screening, Hepatitis C, Dépistage de masse
Abstract: The WHO organization calls for elimination of hepatitis B and C by 2030. In France, the deadline for hepatitis C has been announced for 2025. In relation to therapeutic progress, improved screening is essential to achieve this goal. Data from the literature and expert opinions converge to recommend the strategy which combines targeted and mass testing of combined HIV, HBV and HCV., L’OMS a fixé comme but l’élimination des hépatites B et C en 2030. En France, l’échéance a été annoncée pour l’hépatite C pour 2025. En raison des progrès des traitements, l’amélioration du dépistage est indispensable pour atteindre ce but. Les données de la littérature et les avis d’experts convergent pour recommander la stratégie associant au dépistage ciblé sur les personnes à risque, un dépistage généralisé à l’ensemble de la population et testant les trois virus VIH, VHB et VHC.
Published: 2020

16. Optogenetic manipulation of calcium signals in single T cells in vivo

Author: Bohineust, Armelle, Garcia, Zacarias, Corre, Béatrice, Lemaître, Fabrice, Bousso, Philippe, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, a Starting (Lymphocytecontact) and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council and by Canceropole Ile-de-France (Emergence grant). A.B. received financial support from la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and a Roux fellowship., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), HUGOT, Bérengère, INTEGRATION AND PROPAGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNALS DURING CANCER AND INFECTION - ENLIGHTEN - 2018-01-01 - 2022-12-31 - 741167 - VALID, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Transgenic, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Article, Cell Movement, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Calcium Signaling, Stromal Interaction Molecule 1, Lymphocytes, lcsh:Science, Sensors and probes, Photons, Arabidopsis Proteins, Calcium signalling, Recombinant Proteins, Cryptochromes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Optogenetics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], HEK293 Cells, Imaging the immune system, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:Q, Chemokines, Single-Cell Analysis
Abstract: By offering the possibility to manipulate cellular functions with spatiotemporal control, optogenetics represents an attractive tool for dissecting immune responses. However, applying these approaches to single cells in vivo remains particularly challenging for immune cells that are typically located in scattering tissues. Here, we introduce an improved calcium actuator with sensitivity allowing for two-photon photoactivation. Furthermore, we identify an actuator/reporter combination that permits the simultaneous manipulation and visualization of calcium signals in individual T cells in vivo. With this strategy, we document the consequences of defined patterns of calcium signals on T cell migration, adhesion, and chemokine release. Manipulation of individual immune cells in vivo should open new avenues for establishing the functional contribution of single immune cells engaged in complex reactions., The ability to manipulate and monitor calcium signaling in cells in vivo would provide insights into signaling in an endogenous context. Here the authors develop a two-photon-responsive calcium actuator and reporter combination to monitor the effect of calcium actuation on T cell migration, adhesion and chemokine release in vivo.
Published: 2020

17. Bystander IFN-γ activity promotes widespread and sustained cytokine signaling altering the tumor microenvironment

Author: Benno Schwikowski, Marine Cazaux, Zacarias Garcia, Philippe Bousso, Ronan Thibaut, Pierre Bost, Béatrice Breart, Ido Amit, Clémence Cornuot, Fabrice Lemaître, Idan Milo, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Biologie systémique - Systems Biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, a Starting (Lymphocytecontact) and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B) and by the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation for Research in Immuno-Oncology., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités]
Subjects: Cancer Research, T-Lymphocytes, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Interferon-gamma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Interferon, Tumor Microenvironment, Bystander effect, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Tumor microenvironment, Effector, Melanoma, medicine.disease, Cytokine, Oncology, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Cytokines, medicine.drug
Abstract: The cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ produced by tumor-reactive T cells is a key effector molecule with pleiotropic effects during anti-tumor immune responses. Although IFN-γ production is targeted at the immunologic synapse, its spatiotemporal activity within the tumor remains elusive. In the present study, we report that, although IFN-γ secretion requires local antigen recognition, IFN-γ diffuses extensively to alter the tumor microenvironment in distant areas. Using intravital imaging and a reporter for STAT1 translocation, we provide evidence that T cells mediate sustained IFN-γ signaling in remote tumor cells. Furthermore, tumor phenotypic alterations required several hours of exposure to IFN-γ, a feature that disfavored local IFN-γ activity over diffusion and bystander activity. Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing data from melanoma patients also suggested bystander IFN-γ activity in human tumors. Thus, tumor-reactive T cells act collectively to create large cytokine fields that profoundly modify the tumor microenvironment. Two papers by Schumacher and colleagues and Bousso and colleagues show that sensing of IFN-γ by a small number of tumor cells leads to propagation of IFN-γ sensing and response across a larger fraction of the tumor.
Published: 2020

18. Cystic Fibrosis-related Liver Disease

Author: Henkjan J. Verkade, Frank A J A Bodewes, Philippe Sogni, Carla Colombo, Thierry Poynard, Chantal Housset, Simon C. Ling, Dominique Debray, Michael Wilschanski, Deirdre Kelly, Johan W. Jonker, Michael R. Narkewicz, Peter Witters, Michael Trauner, Ulrich Baumann, Hugo R. de Jonge, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Science Faculty / Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Dept Pediat, Univ Hosp Ctr Rebro, Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine [Groningen, The Netherlands], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), and Lifestyle Medicine (LM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cystic Fibrosis, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, PORTAL-HYPERTENSION, BILIARY EPITHELIUM, CHILDREN, Disease, Liver transplantation, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Gastrointestinal Agents, INFLAMMATION, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, CFTR, Intensive care medicine, ULTRASOUND, bile acids, Gastrointestinal agent, therapy, business.industry, TRANSPLANTATION, Liver Diseases, cirrhosis, TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY, Hepatobiliary disease, biomarkers, portal hypertension, HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE, Hepatology, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Liver Transplantation, Transplantation, MICE, 030104 developmental biology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Pancreas Transplantation, business
Abstract: Objectives: Hepatobiliary complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Knowledge of the underlying pathological aspects and optimal clinical management is, however, sorely lacking.Methods: We provide a summary of the lectures given by international speakers at the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) monothematic conference on cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) held in Paris in January 2016, to discuss the status of our current knowledge of liver disease in CF patients, to define the critical areas that need to be addressed, and to resolve actions to elucidate relevant mechanisms of disease to optimise future therapeutic options.Conclusions: The need for a universal consensus on the definition of CFLD to clarify disease stage and to identify relevant biomarkers to assess disease severity was highlighted. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology and prognostic factors for the long-term evolution of CFLD is fundamental to move forward and has a strong bearing on identifying potential treatments. Novel experimental models and new treatment options under investigation are discussed and offer hope for the near future of CFLD.
Published: 2017

19. Tumor immunosurveillance and immunotherapies: a fresh look from intravital imaging

Author: Morgane Boulch, Capucine L. Grandjean, Philippe Bousso, Marine Cazaux, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council (P.B.)., We thank Mikael Pittet, Thorsten Mempel, and Thomas Gebhardt for kindly providing images., European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Intravital Microscopy, Computer science, MESH: Immunotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, immunosurveillance, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, Neoplasms, MESH: Tumor Microenvironment, Tumor Microenvironment, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Monitoring, Immunologic, MESH: Animals, MESH: Neoplasms, Immunologic Surveillance, MESH: Cell Movement, Cell migration, Intravital Imaging, 3. Good health, Immunosurveillance, MESH: Tumor Escape, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, immunotherapy, MESH: Immune Tolerance, Immunology, Tumor immunity, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Intravital Microscopy, Immune system, Monitoring, Immunologic, Immune Tolerance, medicine, Animals, Humans, two-photon microscopy, MESH: Immunologic Surveillance, Tumor microenvironment, two- photon microscopy, MESH: Humans, Tumor immunosurveillance, Immunotherapy, tumor immunity, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Tumor Escape, intravital imaging, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, Neuroscience, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding complex interactions between the immune system and the tumor microenvironment is an essential step towards the rational development and optimization of immunotherapies. Several experimental approaches are available to tackle this complexity but most are not designed to address the dynamic features of immune reactions, including cell migration, cellular interactions, and transient signaling events. By providing a unique means to access these precious parameters, intravital imaging offers a fresh look at intratumoral immune responses at the single-cell level. Here, we discuss how in vivo imaging sheds light on fundamental aspects of tumor immunity and helps elucidate modes of action of immunotherapies. We conclude by discussing future developments that may consolidate the unique contribution of intravital imaging for our understanding of tumor immunity.
Published: 2019

20. Single-cell imaging of CAR T cell activity in vivo reveals extensive functional and anatomical heterogeneity

Author: Philippe Bousso, Richard J Beck, Idan Milo, Joost B. Beltman, Capucine L. Grandjean, Jérémy Postat, Fabrice Lemaître, Zacarias Garcia, Marine Cazaux, Eleanor J. Cheadle, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], University of Manchester [Manchester], This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, the European Research Council (starting [Lymphocytecontact] and advanced grants [ENLIGHTEN] to P. Bousso), and the NWO (Vidi grant 864.12.013 to J.B. Beltman). M. Cazaux received financial support from ITMO Cancer Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé within the framework of the Cancer Plan., HUGOT, Bérengère, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Universiteit Leiden
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Intravital Microscopy, T-Lymphocytes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Apoptosis, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Lung, Research Articles, Mice, Knockout, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, hemic and immune systems, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Lymphatic system, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Models, Animal, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.IMM.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, Single-Cell Analysis, Lymphoma, B-Cell, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, T cell, Immunology, Antigens, CD19, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, In vivo, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, B cell, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Brief Definitive Report, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, Models, Theoretical, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Cancer research, Bone marrow, human activities
Abstract: Cazaux et al. use intravital imaging to dissect anti-CD19 CAR T cell activity. This study uncovers both anatomical and functional diversity in the outcome of anti-CD19 CAR T cell interactions with tumor cells impacting engraftment, killing dynamics, and tumor immunoediting., CAR T cells represent a potentially curative strategy for B cell malignancies. However, the outcome and dynamics of CAR T cell interactions in distinct anatomical sites are poorly understood. Using intravital imaging, we tracked interactions established by anti-CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphoma–bearing mice. Circulating targets trapped CAR T cells in the lungs, reducing their access to lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, tumor apoptosis was largely due to CAR T cells that engaged, killed, and detached from their targets within 25 min. Notably, not all CAR T cell contacts elicited calcium signaling or killing while interacting with tumors, uncovering extensive functional heterogeneity. Mathematical modeling revealed that direct killing was sufficient for tumor regression. Finally, antigen-loss variants emerged in the bone marrow, but not in lymph nodes, where CAR T cell cytotoxic activity was reduced. Our results identify a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the outcomes of CAR T cell interactions in vivo, with important clinical implications., Graphical Abstract
Published: 2019

21. Quorum Sensing by Monocyte-Derived Populations

Author: Postat, Jérémy, Bousso, Philippe, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM and an Advanced grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and HUGOT, Bérengère
Subjects: [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, monocyte-derived cell, Mini Review, Immunology, quorum sensing (QS), Cell Communication, macrophage, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Monocytes, nitric oxide, monocyte, Animals, Humans, bacteria, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Quorum sensing is a type of cellular communication that was first described in bacteria, consisting of gene expression regulation in response to changes in cell-population density. Bacteria synthesize and secrete diffusive molecules called autoinducers, which concentration varies accordingly with cell density and can be detected by the producing cells themselves. Once autoinducer concentration reaches a critical threshold, all bacteria within the autoinducer-rich environment react by modifying their genetic expression and adopt a coordinated behavior (e.g., biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, or swarming motility). Recent advances highlight the possibility that such type of communication is not restricted to bacteria, but can exist among other cell types, including immune cells and more specifically monocyte-derived cells (1). For such cells, quorum sensing mechanisms may not only regulate their population size and synchronize their behavior at homeostasis but also alter their activity and function in unexpected ways during immune reactions. Although the nature of immune autoinducers and cellular mechanisms remains to be fully characterized, quorum sensing mechanisms in the immune system challenge our traditional conception of immune cell interactions and likely represent an important mode of communication at homeostasis or during an immune response. In this mini-review, we briefly present the prototypic features of quorum sensing in bacteria and discuss the existing evidence for quorum sensing within the immune system. Mainly, we review quorum sensing mechanisms among monocyte-derived cells, such as the regulation of inflammation by the density of monocyte-derived cells that produce nitric oxide and discuss the relevance of such models in the context of immune-related pathologies.
Published: 2019

22. French Intensive Care Society, International congress – Réanimation 2016

Author: Jaillette, Emmanuelle, Girault, Christophe, Brunin, Guillaume, Zerimech, Farid, Chiche, Arnaud, Broucqsault-Dedrie, Céline, Fayolle, Cyril, Minacori, Franck, Alves, Isabelle, Barrailler, Stephanie, Robriquet, Laurent, Delaporte, Emmanuel, Thellier, Damien, Delcourte, Claire, Duhamel, Alain, Nseir, Saad, Valette, Xavier, Desmeulles, Isabelle, Savary, Benoit, Masson, Romain, Seguin, Amélie, Daubin, Cédric, Sauneuf, Bertrand, Verrier, Pierre, Pottier, Véronique, Orabona, Marie, Samba, Désiré, Viquesnel, Gérald, Lermuzeaux, Mathilde, Hazera, Pascal, Hanouz, Jean-Luc, Parienti, Jean-Jacques, Du Cheyron, Damien, Demoule, Alexandre, Clavel, Marc, Rolland-Debord, Camille, Perbet, Sébastien, Terzi, Nicolas, Kouatchet, Achille, Wallet, Florent, Roze, Hadrien, Vargas, Frédéric, Guérin, Claude, Dellamonica, Jean, Jaber, Samir, Similowski, Thomas, Quenot, Jean-Pierre, Binquet, Christine, Vinsonneau, Christophe, Barbar, Saber-Davide, Vinault, Sandrine, Deckert, Valérie, Lemaire, Stephanie, Hssain, Ali Ait, Bruyère, Rémi, Souweine, Bertrand, Lagrost, Laurent, Adrie, Christophe, Jung, Boris, Daurat, Aurelien, De Jong, Audrey, Chanques, Gérald, Mahul, Martin, Monnin, Marion, Molinari, Nicolas, Lheureux, Olivier, Trepo, Eric, Hites, Maya, Cotton, Frederic, Wolff, Fleur, Surin, Rudy, Créteur, Jacques, Vincent, Jean-Louis, Gustot, Thierry, Jacobs, Frederique, Taccone, Fabio Silvio, Neuville, Mathilde, Timsit, Jean-François, El-Helali, Najoua, Le Monnier, Alban, Magalhaes, Eric, Radjou, Aguila, Smonig, Roland, Soubirou, Jean-François, Voiriot, Guillaume, Sonneville, Romain, Bouadma, Lila, Mourvillier, Bruno, Gélisse, Elodie, Brasseur, Alexandre, Roisin, Sandrine, De Backer, Daniel, Van Ruychevelt, Valerie, Carlier, Eric, Piagnerelli, Michael, Vanhaeverbeek, Michel, Danguy, Christine, Biston, Patrick, Au, Siu-Ming, Begot, Emmanuelle, Dalmay, François, Repessé, Xavier, Prat, Gwenael, Bouferrache, Koceila, Slama, Michel, Vieillard-Baron, Antoine, Monnet, Xavier, Marik, Paul, Teboul, Jean-Louis, Jozwiak, Mathieu, Richard, Christian, Chauvet, Jean-Louis, El-Dash, Shari, Delastre, Olivier, Bouffandeau, Bernard, Jusserand, Dominique, Michot, Jean-Baptiste, Bauer, Fabrice, Brazier, François, Mercado, Pablo, Kontar, Loay, Titeca, Dimitri, De Cagny, Bertand, Bacari-Risal, Gaelle, Riviere, Antoine, Maizel, Julien, Guillot, Camille, Le Reun, Claire, Lampin, Marie, Sadik, Ahmed, Botte, Astrid, Leteurtre, Stéphane, Collins, Aurélie, Kempeneers, Céline, Cajgfinger, Nathalie, Ohlmann, Camille, Pouyau, Robin, Subtil, Fabien, Baudin, Florent, Massenavette, Bruno, Javouhey, Etienne, Milesi, Christophe, Essouri, Sandrine, Liet, Jean-Michel, Afanetti, Mickael, Durand, Sabine, Durand, Philippe, Roze, Jean Christophe, Dupont, Didier, Cambonie, Gilles, Soyer, Benjamin, Rusca, Marco, Lukaszewicz, Anne-Claire, Crassard, Isabelle, Guichard, Jean-Pierre, Bresson, Damien, de la Garanderie, Didier Payen, Cantier, Marie, Sabben, Candice, Louedec, Liliane, Delbosc, Sandrine, Journé, Clément, Ou, Phalla, Klein, Isabelle, Chau, Françoise, Lefort, Agnes, Desilles, Jean-Philippe, Michel, Jean-Baptiste, Mazighi, Mikaël, Salem, Omar Ben Hadj, Demeret, Sophie, Bolgert, Francis, Sharshar, Tarek, Grabli, David, Arib, Safa, Crippa, Ilaria Alice, Soummer, Alexis, Engrand, Nicolas, Guedin, Pierre, Aldea, Sorin, Cerf, Charles, Desailly, Victoire, Pasquier, Pierre, Brun, Patrick, Roux, Damien, Latournerie, Gwendoline, Kasprzyk, Laetitia, Grosjean, Vincent, Latreche, Amine, Habert, Pierre, Huot, Stephane, Jobin, Timon, Tesnière, Antoine, Dreyfuss, Didier, Ricard, Jean-Damien, Mignon, Alexandre, Gaudry, Stéphane, Laithier, François-Xavier, Kimmoun, Antoine, Chouihed, Tahar, Albizzati, Stéphane, Camenzind, Edoardo, Vanhuyse, Fabrice, Levy, Bruno, Cour, Martin, Venet, Fabienne, Hernu, Romain, Demaret, Julie, Monneret, Guillaume, Argaud, Laurent, Dumas, Florence, Lamhaut, Lionel, Rosencher, Julien, Pène, Frédéric, Varenne, Olivier, Carli, Pierre, Jouven, Xavier, Spaulding, Christian, Cariou, Alain, Geri, Guillaume, Bonnetain, Franck, Marijon, Eloi, Empana, Jean Philippe, Mirouse, Adrien, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Mayaux, Julien, Rabbat, Antoine, Meert, Anne Pascale, Benoit, Dominique, Bruneel, Fabrice, Azoulay, Elie, Dupuis, Claire, Schwebel, Carole, Ruckly, Stéphane, Goldgran-Toledano, Dany, Marcotte, Guillaume, Lafarge, Antoine, Pichereau, Claire, Theodose, Igor, Scotto, Marion, Kemlin, Delphine, Ghrenassia, Etienne, Schlemmer, Benoît, Vimpere, Damien, Galicier, Lionel, Contou, Damien, Guérot, Emmanuel, Grimaldi, David, Ricome, Sylvie, Maury, Eric, Plantefève, Gaëtan, Dessap, Armand Mekontso, Brun-Buisson, Christian, de Prost, Nicolas, Dubé, Bruno-Pierre, Delemazure, Julie, Dres, Martin, Rousseau, Ludivine, Drouot, Xavier, Diaz, Véronique, Rebollar, Yohann, Frat, Jean-Pierre, Thille, Arnaud W., Aissa, Dalinda Ait, Coquet, Pierre, Ruiz, Jean, Ferre, Fabrice, Hoarau, Lucille, Riu-Poulenc, Béatrice, Bataille, Benoit, Silva, Stein, Baudel, Jean-Luc, Bigé, Naïke, Tahiri, Jalel, Dubée, Vincent, Guidet, Bertrand, Ait-Oufella, Hafid, Jinglun, Liu, Shen, Feng, Bailly, Sébastien, Leroy, Olivier, Montravers, Philippe, Constantin, Jean-Michel, Dupont, Hervé, Guillemot, Didier, Lortholary, Olivier, Perrigault, Pierre-François, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Razazi, Keyvan, Mekontso-Dessap, Armand, Jansen, Chloe, Lecronier, Marie, Sandrine, Valade, Mira, Jean-Paul, Blein, Sophie, Marin, Nathalie, Rousseau, Christophe, Charpentier, Julien, Pachot, Alexandre, Hraiech, Sami, Bordes, Julien, De, Lamballerie Xavier, Mège, Jean-Louis, Forel, Jean-Marie, Guervilly, Christophe, Adda, Mélanie, Raoult, Didier, Papazian, Laurent, Kentish-Barnes, Nancy, Cohen-Solal, Zoé, Souppart, Virginie, Kerhuel, Lionel, Haubertin, Carole, Exbrayat, Isabelle, Rozières, Elodie, Argain, Audrey, Suc, Agnès, Vignes, Michel, Cougot, Pierre, Fourcade, Olivier, Brunel, Elodie, Messika, Jonathan, Tubach, Florence, Dubief, Emeline, Pasquet, Blandine, Guillo, Sylvie, Pierron, Charlotte, Grimaud, Marion, Farnoux, Caroline, Maillard, Amélie, Decavèle, Maxens, Prodanovic, Hélène, Idbaih, Ahmed, Alentorn, Agusti, Delattre, Jean-Yves, De Montmollin, Etienne, Brule, Noelle, Conrad, Marie, Dailler, Frédéric, Navellou, Jean-Christophe, Alves, Mikael, Tonnelier, Jean-Marie, Ruckly, Stephane, Picard, Géraldine, Rogemond, Véronique, Honnorat, Jérôme, Marzorati, Chiara, Lebert, Christine, Perez, Pierre, Citerio, Giuseppe, Legriel, Stéphane, Tripon, Simona, Mallet, Maxime, Rudler, Marika, Imbert-Bismut, Francoise, Thabut, Dominique, Canet, Emmanuel, Faguer, Stanislas, Moreau, Anne-Sophie, Barbier, François, Merceron, Sybille, Guitton, Christophe, Labadie, Francois, Lemiale, Virginie, Faucher, Etienne, Klouche, Kada, Chevret, Sylvie, Ragot, Stéphanie, Coudroy, Remi, Boulain, Thierry, Jamet, Angéline, Mercat, Alain, Brochard, Laurent, Roux, Antoine, Franchineau, Guillaume, Brechot, Nicolas, Lebreton, Guillaume, Hekimian, Guillaume, Nieszkowska, Ania, Leprince, Pascal, Trouillet, Jean Louis, Combes, Alain, Schmidt, Matthieu, Barrot, Loïc, Piton, Gaël, Bailey, Michael, Panwar, Rakshit, Belin, Nicolas, Belon, François, Patry, Cyrille, Grandperrin, Mathilde, Chaignat, Claire, Labro, Guylaine, Vivet, Bérengère, Capellier, Gilles, Daix, Thomas, Guérin, Estelle, Tavernier, Elsa, Mercier, Emmanuelle, Gissot, Valérie, Vallejo, Christine, François, Bruno, Ravry, Céline, Pichon, Nicolas, Chapellas, Catherine, Fedou, Anne-Laure, Galy, Antoine, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Barraud, Olivier, Vignon, Philippe, Thooft, Aurelie, Conotte, Raphael, Colet, Jean-Marie, Le Dorze, Matthieu, Tarazona, Virginie, Brumpt, Caren, Moins-Teisserenc, Hélène, Uhel, Fabrice, Azzaoui, Imane, Gregoire, Murielle, Pangault, Céline, Dulong, Joëlle, Cynober, Luc, Roussel, Mikaël, Le Tulzo, Yves, Tarte, Karin, Demiselle, Julien, Auchabie, Johann, Dequin, Pierre François, Chudeau, Nicolas, Fourrier, François, Grange, Steven, Piquilloud, Lise, Lautrette, Alexandre, Boyer, Sonia, Letheulle, Julien, Lerolle, Nicolas, Truche, Anne Sophie, Clec’h, Christophe, Zaoui, Philippe, Laurent, Virginie, Toledano, Dany Goldgran, Ragey, Sophie Perinel, Gros, Antoine, Dumenil, Anne Sylvie, Jamali, Samir, Darmon, Michaël, Chouraqui, Mikhael, Dewitte, Antoine, Chastel, Brigitte, Carles, Pauline, Fleureau, Catherine, Joannes-Boyau, Olivier, Ouattara, Alexandre, Joseph, Adrien, Garrouste-Orgeas, Maïté, Max, Adeline, Lerin, Talia, Grégoire, Charles, Kloeckner, Martin, Bruel, Cédric, Brochon, Sandie, Philippart, Francois, Pichot, Emmanuelle, Simons, Clara, Flint, Andrew, Aubron, Cécile, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Pilcher, David, Cheng, Allen, Hegarty, Colin, Martinelli, Anthony, Howden, Benjamin, Reade, Michael, Mcquilten, Zoe, Bretonnière, Cédric, Villers, Daniel, Soares, M., Gonzalez, Frédéric, Vincent, François, Fauché, Clémence, Gay, Samuel, Skowron, Olivier, Levrat, Albrice, Dorez, Didier, Foucrier, Arnaud, Pease, Sebastian, Gauss, Tobias, Paugam, Catherine, Gorham, Julie, Ameye, Lieveke, Paesmans, Marianne, Berghmans, Thierry, Sculier, Jean-Paul, Meert, Anne-Pascale, Deras, Pauline, Martinez, Orianne, Latry, Pascal, Capdevila, Xavier, Charbit, Jonathan, Jaubert, J., Etiennar, Celia, Ginoux, Lucie, Sebbah, Jean-Luc, Haouache, Hakim, Dhonneur, Gilles, Cheikh, Chaigar Mohammed, Moussaid, I., Ghazaoui, O., Belkadi, Kamal, El Youssoufi, S., Salmi, S., Pajot, Laure, Zuber, Benjamin, Darmon, Michael, Bedos, Jean Pierre, Dupont, Benoit, Eugène, Axelle, Galateau-Sallé, Françoise, Michard, Baptiste, Lebas, Benjamin, Boivin, Alexandra, Guillot, Max, Harlay, Marie-Line, Janssen-Langenstein, Ralf, Schenck, Maleka, Ellero, Bernard, Woehl-Jaegle, Marie-Lorraine, Besch, Camille, Castelain, Vincent, Bachellier, Philippe, Schneider, Francis, Camus, Christophe, Saliba, Fawzi, Goubaux, Bernard, Bonadona, Agnès, Lavayssiere, Laurence, Quinart, Alice, Barbot, Olivier, Dharancy, Sebastien, Delafosse, Bertrand, Barraud, Helene, Galbois, Arnaud, Veber, Benoit, Cayot, Sophie, Souche, Bruno, Locher, Clara, Roux, Olivier, Figorilli, Francesco, Putignano, Antonella, Houssel, Pauline, Francoz, Claire, Weiss, Emmanuel, Agarwal, Banwari, Jalan, Rajiv, Durand, François, Ghezala, Hassen Ben, Daoudi, Rebeh, Kaddour, Moez, Ghadhoune, Hatem, Rachedi, E., Guissouma, J., Ben Slimene, A., Azzeza, W., Brahmi, H., Elghord, H., Kada, Ahmed Youssef, Chikh, Radia, Slimani, Roza, a Bouyoucef, Kheireddine., Regaieg, Kais, Kamilia, Chtara, Baccouche, Najeh, Turki, Olfa, Chaari, Anis, Ben, Hmida Chokri, Bouaziz, Mounir, Medhioub, Fatma Kaaniche, Zekri, Manel, Rgieg, Kais, Bhimada, Chokri, Mounir, Bouaziz, Lang, Elodie, Welschbillig, Stephane, Perrin, Mathilde, Devys, Jean-Michel, Benbernou, Soumia, Mokhtari-Djebli, Houria, Ilies, Sofiane, Bouyacoub, Khalida, Azza, Abdelkader, Zogheib, Elie, Nader, Joseph, Villeret, Léonie, Guilbart, Mathieu, Besserve, Patricia, Caus, Thierry, Mastroianni, Ciro, Santi, Francesca, Hékimian, Guillaume, Pascal, Leprince, Chastre, Jean, Perrier, Virginie, Deniau, Benjamin, Klasen, Fanny, Ponthus, Jean Pierre, Ngasseu, Polysie, Amilien, Virginie, Barsam, Elise, Lehericey, Pierre, Tchir, Martial, Georger, Jean Francois, Puech, Bérénice, Vandroux, David, Roussiaux, Arnaud, Belcour, Dominique, Ferdynus, Cyril, Martinet, Olivier, Jabot, Julien, Fresco, Marion, Demeilliers-Pfister, Gaëlle, Merle, Véronique, Brunel, Valéry, Dureuil, Bertrand, Leydier, Sébastien, Clerc-Urmes, Isabelle, Lemarie, Jérémie, Maigrat, Charles-Henri, Cravoisy-Popovic, Aurélie, Barraud, Damien, Nace, Lionel, Gibot, Sébastien, Agrinier, Nelly, Bollaert, Pierre-Edouard, Daban, Jean-Louis, Boutonnet, Mathieu, Dumas, Guillaume, Falzone, Elisabeth, Jault, Patrick, Lenoir, Bernard, Makunza, Joseph Nsiala, Mejeni, Nathalie, Mazaud, Amélie, Béague, Sébastien, Rousselle, Anne-Flore, Durocher, Alain, Perez, Pauline, Grinea, Alexandra, Bedoui, Naoures, Stoian, Alina, Baboi, Loredana, Gobert, Florent, Yonis, Hodane, Tapponier, Romain, Bruyneel, Arnaud, Bonus, Thierry, Cuvelier, Grégory, Machayeckhi, Sharam, Olieuz, Sandra, Legrand, Alexandre, Feki, Fatma, Jamoussi, Amira, Merhebene, Takoua, Braham, Emna, Ghariani, Asma, Mezni, Faouzi El, Slim, Leila, Khelil, Jalila Ben, Besbes, Mohamed, Marchalot, Antoine, Beduneau, Gaetan, Carpentier, Dorothée, Besnier, Emmanuel, Gastaldi, Gioia, Abily, Julien, Beuzelin, Marion, Nay, Mai-Anh, Mankikian, Julie, Hervé, Virginie, Soulie, Marie, Cronier, Pierrick, Kantor, Elie, Federici, Laura, Gilbert, Marion, Mezhari, Ilham, Choukroun, Gérald, Marque, Sophie, Coppere, Z., Fulgencio, Jean-Pierre, Blayau, Clarisse, Pham, Tai, Djibre, Michel, Reffienna, Matthieu, Lefort, Sébastien, Debue, Anne-Sophie, Daviaud, Fabrice, Cabon, Sarah, Addou, Zakaria, Douah, Ali, Moussati, Mohamed, Belhabiche, Kamel, Aouffen, Nabil, Soulier, Sylvie, Mauriat, Philippe, Tafer, Nadir, Mortamet, Guillaume, Amaddeo, Alessandro, Khirani, Sonia, Fauroux, Brigitte, Khanes, Gennadiy, Liutko, Olga, Bidnenko, Svitlana, Doye, Emilie, Voirin, Nicolas, Maucort-Boulch, Delphine, Kolev-Descamp, Karine, Aouane, Imane El, Essid, Aben, Hammami, Wallid, Haegy, Isabelle, Bataille, Jacques, Bergounioux, Jean, Morin, Luc, Ray, Samiran, Maclaren, Graeme, Nadel, Simon, Kneyber, Martin, Peters, Mark, Jansen, Koos, De Luca, Daniele, Wilson, Clare, Schlapbach, Luregn, Tissières, Pierre, Girard, Anne-Claire, Savajols, Elodie, Burguet, Antoine, Semama, Denis, Litzler-Renault, Stephanie, Fredj, Hana, Hassouna, Malek, Hechmi, Youssef Zied El, Cherif, Mohamed Ali, Zouheir, Jerbi, Dernane, Ahmed, Bouakkaz, Fouad, Taleb, Lhoucine Ben, Zeddine Mouhsen, A., Lyazidi, Aissam, Richard, Jean-Christophe Marie, Mouhsen, Ahmed, Harmouchi, Mohammed, Rattal, Mourad, Huck, Matthias, Leclerc, Thomas, Donat, Nicolas, Cirodde, Audrey, Schaal, Jean-Vivien, Masson, Yannick, Hoffmann, Clément, Cerland, Laura, Valentino, Ruddy, Chabartier, C., Villain-Coquet, Laurent, Ferge, Jean-Louis, Brouste, Y., Mehdaoui, Hossein, Louriz, Maha, Madani, Naoufal, Amlaiky, Fatiha, Dendane, Tarek, Abidi, Khalid, Zekraoui, Aicha, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Abouqal, Redouane, Brahim, Affra, Ferhi, Fehmi, Bouslama, Mohamed Amine, Benjazia, Khaled, Zeineb, Abid, Mahassen, Dhaouadi, Cadiet, Julien, Ferron, Marine, Prat, Valentine, Erraud, Angelique, Aillerie, Virginie, Mevel, Mathieu, Grabherr, Amandine, Chatham, John C., Gauthier, Chantal, Lauzier, Benjamin, Rozec, Bertrand, Joffre, Jeremie, Loyer, Xavier, Lavillegrand, Jean-Rémi, Zeboudj, Lynda, Laurans, Ludivine, Esposito, Bruno, Tedgui, Alain, Mallat, Ziad, Wei, Chaojie, Kattani, Narimane Al, Louis, Huguette, Orlowski, Sophie, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Burban, Mélanie, Meyer, Grégory, Olland, Anne, Yver, Blandine, Toti, Florence, Schini-Kerth, Valérie, Monnier, Alexandra, Leborgne, Pierrick, Meziani, Ferhat, Clavier, Thomas, Paulus, Mulder, Castel, Hélène, Richard, Vincent, Pons, Stéphanie, Skurnik, David, Six, Sophie, Jaffal, Karim, Vigneron, Clara, Large, Audrey, Bador, Julien, Aho, Serge, Prin, Sebastien, Touil, Yosr, Ayed, Soufia, Ali, Habiba Sik, Tilouch, Najla, Mateur, Houda, Talik, I., Gharbi, Rim, Hassen, Mohamed Fekih, Elatrous, Souheil, Patry, Isabelle, Bertrand, Xavier, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Essaied, Wafa, Wolkewitz, Martin, Soued, Mickaël, Cook, Fabrice, Lobo, David, Mounier, Roman, Emirian, Aurélie, Decousser, Jean Winoc, Slaoui, Mohamed Toufik, Benslama, Abdellatif, Valance, Dorothée, Allou, Nicolas, Allyn, Jérôme, Jean-Bart, Elodie, Bel., Floriane, Morey, Fabienne, Sedillot, Nicholas, Biard, Lucie, Galliot, Richard, Zunarelli, Romain, Gauzere, Bernard-Alex, Cartier, Jean-Charles, Jouve, Thomas, Hilleret, Marie-Noëlle, Hamidfar-Roy, Rebecca, Ara-Somohano, Claire, Minet, Clémence, Pourcelet, Aline, Hougardy, Jean-Michel, Defrance, Pierre, De Laforcade, Louis, Boyer, Alexandre, Gruson, Didier, Clouzeau, Benjamin, Hajjam, Najah, Nasri, Houda, Doghri, Hamdi, Mongardon, Nicolas, Levesque, Eric, Bastide, Marie-Anaïs, Richecoeur, Jack, Frenoy, Eric, Lemaire, Christian, Schortgen, Frédérique, Preau, Sebastien, Ehooman, Franck, Montlahuc, Claire, Bardon, Jean, Postel-Vinay, Nicolas, Lafi, Mehdi, Jacobs, Frédéric, Prat, Dominique, Le Meur, Matthieu, Moneger, Guy, Demars, Nadège, Trouiller, Pierre, Tencé, Noémie, Zaien, Inès, Wolf, Martine, Allardet-Servent, Jérôme, Lebsir, Melissa, Dubroca, Christian, Portugal, Mireille, Castanier, Matthias, Signouret, Thomas, Soundaravelou, Rettinavelou, Lepidi, Anne, Halfon, Philippe, Seghboyan, Jean-Marie, Gamblin, Camille, Benturquia, Nadia, Roussel, Olivier, Chevillard, Lucie, Risede, Patricia, Callebert, Jacques, Khelfa, Messaouda, Blel, Youssef, Thabet, H., Brahmi, Nozha, Amamou, M., Le Louët, A. Lillo, Baud, F., Le Beller, C., Vivien, B., Soufir, L., Carli, P., Le Louët, H., Essafi, Fatma, Foudhaili, Nasreddine, Slimen, Abdelaziz Ben, Jabla, Rami, Hammed, Hedia, Marzouk, Mahdi, Boujelbene, Nesrine, Dachraoui, Fahmi, Hachani, Asma, Abdallah, Saousen Ben, Lakhal, Hend Ben, Ghribi, Chaima, Ali, Imen Ben, Abdellaoui, Imen, Ouanes-Besbes, Lamia, Abroug, Fekri, Demiri, Suela, Lorut, Christine, Van Lang, Daniel Luu, Lefebvre, Aurélie, Alifano, Marco, Reignard, Jean-Francois, Samama, Marc, Dusser, Daniel, Roche, Nicolas, Réminiac, François, Landel, Cassandre, Gensburger, Samuel, Bocar, Thomas, Mordier, Lydiane, Philippe, Marion, Le Pennec, Déborah, Vecellio, Laurent, Ehrmann, Stephan, Poiroux, Laurent, Thevoz, David, Simons, Julien, Roeseler, Jean, Loiez, Anthéa, Gérard, Stéphanie, Dousse, Nicolas, L’hotellier, Sylvie, Baumgarten, Elodie, Borschneck, Stéphanie, Kharcha, Fatima, Ghander, Cécile, Tresallet, Christophe, Puymirat, Etienne, Fagon, Jean-Yves, Aegerter, Philippe, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline, Chatellier, Gilles, Danchin, Nicolas, Aissaoui, Nadia, Aissat, Nadia, Bernard, R., Amour, Julien, Bouglé, Adrien, Vidal, Charles, Nima, Djavidi, Shaida, Varnous, Dorget, Amandine, Bréchot, Nicolas, Toufiki, Rabi, Mouaffak, Youssef, Adib, Ahmed Rhassan El, Amine, M., Moumine, S., Jonard, Marie, Ducloy-Bouthors, Anne Sophie, Bouju, Pierre, Barbarot, Nicolas, Gacouin, Arnaud, Fillatre, Pierre, Grillet, Guillaume, Goepp, Angélique, Clairet, Anne-Laure, Limat, Samuel, Cornette, Christian, Fatnassi, Amira, Romdhani, Chiheb, Sammoud, Walid, Labbene, Iheb, Ferjani, Mustapha, Taibi, Hind, Elatiqi, Ijlal, Iraqui, A., Cherkab, Rachid, Haddad, Wafae, Elkettani, Chafik, Barrou, Lahoucine, Cave, Fabien, Doutrellot, Pierre Louis, Vaysse, Benoit, Inan, M., Khelfoun, K., Nasserallah, M., Legrand-Monteil, C., Tasseel-Ponche, S., Kowalski, Benjamin, Guaguere, Anne, Boulle-Geronimi, Claire, Masse, Juliette, Vanbaelinghem, Clément, Herbecq, Patrick, Mokline, Amel, Draief, Syrine, Gharsallah, Lazhari, Rahmani, Imen, Gasri, Bahija, Tlaili, Sofiene, Hammouda, Rym, Messadi, Amen Allah, Michel, Philippe, Gelée, Bruno, Fadel, Fouad, Thuong, Marie, Ait-Aoudia, Sandra, Laddi, Salima, Sahraoui, Mohamed-Mohcen, Muller, Michel, Faucher, Anna, Hermann, Bertrand, Berlemont, Caroline Hauw, Arnaout, Michel, Busson, Julie, Dhumeaux, Julie, Ericher, Nicole, Lucas, Pierre, Dumas, Magalie, Chapelle, Celine, Philippon-Jouve, Benedicte, Morel, Jerome, Beuret, Pascal, Bureau, Côme, Poitou, Tymothée, Petua, Philippe, Prades, Albert, Basty, Marion, Monet, Clément, Mounet, Benjamin, Futier, Emmanuel, Leroux, Audrey, Oudinot, Xavier, Laurent, Marc, Ouanes, Islem, Jochmans, Sebastien, Alphonsine, Jean-Emmanuel, Van Vong, Ly, Rolin, Nathalie, Sy, Oumar, Serbource-Goguel, Jean, Ellrodt, Olivier, Monchi, Mehran, Bahloul, Mabrouk, Olfa, Turki, Chokri, Benhamida, Chelly, Hedi, Trichot, Amélie, Colin, Gwenhaël, Vinatier, Isabelle, Bachoumas, Konstantinos, Lacherade, Jean-Claude, Fiancette, Maud, Joret, Aurélie, Yehia, Aihem, Henry-Laguarrigue, Matthieu, Martin-Lefèvre, Laurent, Surenaud, Mathieu, Bedet, Alexandre, Seemann, Aurelien, Hüe, Sophie, Clere-Jehl, Raphaël, Charles, Anne-Laure, Geny, Bernard, Bilbault, Pascal, Bourcier, Simon, Lejour, Gabriel, Boêlle, Pierre Yves, Safaa, Nemlaghi, Paulus, Sylvie, Flamens, Claire, Neidecker, Jean, Rambaud, Jerome, Allioux, Cecile, Guedj, Romain, Guellec, Isabelle, Guilbert, Julia, Leger, Pierre-Louis, Demoulin, Maryne, Durandy, Amélie, Jean, Sandrine, Carbajal, Ricardo, Morand, Aurélie, Zieleskiewicz, Laurent, Brissaud, Olivier, Le Bel, Stéphane, Meresse, Zoé, Panuel, Michel, Thomachot, Laurent, Leone, Marc, Michel, Fabrice, Deho’, Anna, Sadozai, Laïly, Dauger, Stéphane, Prot-Labarthe, Sonia, Genuini, Mathieu, Florence, Moulin, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, Renolleau, Sylvain, Chalavon, Emmanuelle, Dessein, Rodrigue, Grandbastien, Bruno, Pesin, Sarah, Dubos, François, Puel, Marie-Aude, Szulc, Marie, Philippe, 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Didier, Denamur, Erick, Simonet, Justine, Vest, Philippe, Peigne, Vincent, Couffin, Severine, Cheikh Bouhlel, M., Khedher, Ahmed, Meddeb, Kaoula, Azouzi, A., Hamdaoui, Y., Ayachi, Jihene, Brahim, W., Bouneb, Rania, Boussarsar, Mohamed, Florens, Nans, Varéon, Julie, Malatray, Arnaud, Dupland, Pierre, Vergier, Romain, Issaurat, Pauline, Estagnasié, Philippe, Squara, Pierre, Brusset, Alain, Génin, Vincent, Jendoubi, Ali, Jlassi, Rifka, Hamrouni, Bassem, Marzougui, Yahia, Kouka, Jihen, Ghedira, Salma, Houissa, Mohamed, Dhifaoui, Kaouther, Hajjej, Zied, Oziel, Johanna, Dinh, Alexy Tran, Neulier, Caroline, Amara, Marlène, Nebot, Nicaise, Troché, Gilles, Breton, Nelly, Cavelot, Sébastien, Pangon, Béatrice, Merrer, Jacques, Labaste, François, Conil, Jean-Marie, Grossac, Julia, Ruiz, Stéphanie, Grare, Marion, Minville, Vincent, Georges, Bernard, Van Der Meersch, Guillaume, Karoubi, Philippe, Huang, Christophe, Carbonne, Helene, Amarsy, Rishma, Mateo, Joaquim, Von Edelsberg, Sophie Leloup, Vercheval, Christelle, Damas, Pierre, Bouguerra, Chaker, Naas, Noura, Muller, Joris, Schaeffer, Mickael, Loc, Pierre Tran Ba, Deboscker, Stéphanie, Harley, Marie-Line, Lavigne, Thierry, Brunet, Jennifer, Canoville, Bertrand, Lellouche, François, L’her, Erwan, Bouchard, Pierre Alexandre, Delorme, Mathieu, Elfaramawy, Tamer, Gosselin, Benoit, Guegan, Sarah, Michotte, Jean-Bernard, Staderini, Enrico, Dugernier, Jonathan, Rusu, Rares, Liistro, Giuseppe, Reychler, Gregory, Simon, Mathieu, Essoukaki, Elmaati, Duprez, Frédéric, Michotte, Jean Bernard, Contal, Olivier, Trabelsi, Becem, Garsallah, Hedi, Harira, Khaoula, Rafat, Cédric, Mariotte, Eric, Le Jeune, Caroline, Roy, Pascal, Michallet, Mauricette, Zerbib, Yoann, Baudin, François, Blot, François, Bornstain, Caroline, Gelinotte, Stéphanie, Rigaud, Jean-Philippe, Tamion, Fabienne, Bouteloup, Marie, Nouira, H., Boisramé-Helms, Julie, Degirmenci, Su, Kummerlen, Christine, Delile, Eugénie, Thiébaut, Pierre-Alain, Do Rego, Jean-Claude, Coquerel, David, Nevière, Rémi, Ichou, Laure, Carbonell, Nicolas, Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel, Nousbaum, Jean-Baptiste, Renou, Christophe, Anty, Rodolphe, Landraud, Luce, Lecron, Jean-Claude, Helary, Michael, Paillot, Jonathan, Pili-Floury, Sebastien, Khedher, Sana, Maoui, Amira, Ezzamouri, Asma, Salem, Mohamed, Kerdjana, Lamia, Dumitrescu, Mihaela, Mimoz, Olivier, Debaene, Bertrand, Migeot, Virginie, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, maoui, Amira A., Champigneulle, Benoit, Zafrani, Lara, Lascarrou, Jean-Baptiste, Lissonde, Floriane, Le Thuaut, Aurélie, Reignier, Jean, Platon, Laura, Lambert, Jerôme, Lagier, David, Brun, Jeanpaul, Sannini, Antoine, Chow-Chine, Laurent, Bisbal, Magali, Faucher, Marion, Mokart, Djamel, la Mourtada, Leï, Virgnie, Lemiale, Gaudet, Alexandre, Parmentier-Decrucq, Erika, De Freitas Caires, Nathalie, Dubucquoi, Sylvain, Lassalle, Philippe, Mathieu, Daniel, Richard, Jean-Christophe, Tapponnier, Romain, Quintin, Luc, Pichot, C., Petitjeans, F., Guillon, Antoine, Jouan, Youenn, Breah, Daborah, Gueugnon, Fabien, Dalloneau, Emilie, Baranek, Thomas, Henry, Clemence, Morello, Eric, Renauld, Jc, Pichavant, M., Gosset, Philippe, Courty, Y., Diot, Patrice, Si-Tahar, Mustapha, Tadié, Jean-Marc, Vuillard, Constance, La Combe, Béatrice, Ponsin, Pauline, Boddaert, Guillaume, Grand, Bertrand, Baudoin, Yohan, Bonnet, Stéphane, Snouda, Salah, Abbes, Mohamed Fehmi, Benchiekh, Imen, Sedghiani, Ines, Maaroufi, Neila, Belayachi, Jihane, Debono, Leila, Auvet, Adrien, Nadal-Desbarats, Lydie, Tankovic, Jacques, Dahoumane, Redouane, Oufella, Hafid Ait, Offenstadt, Georges, Filali, Amel, Faure, Emmanuel, Van Grunderbeeck, Nicolas, Nigeon, Olivier, Bazus, H., Mallat, Jihad, Thevenin, Didier, Lempereur-Legros, Sophie, Ledoux, Didier, Nys, Monique, Clermont, Olivier, Aubry, Alexandra, Fernandes, Romain, Venot, Marion, Garnaud, Cécile, Cornet, Muriel, Pavese, Patricia, Foroni, Luc, Boisset, Sandrine, le Maubon, Daniè, Abid, Maha, Ezzouine, Hanane, Edith, Constant Aniolo, 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Koceila, Ragot, Claire, Corradi, Laure, Maurice, Laure, Julliand, S., Deho, Anna, Le Bourgeois, Fleur, Jacquot, Aurelien, Valla, Frederic, Letois, Flavie, Salvadori, Alexandre, Ottonello, Gaia, Blanot, Stéphane, Montmayeur, Juliette, Orliaguet, Gilles, Tarmiz, Khalil, Habas, Flora, Baleine, Julien, Lebouhellec, Julia, Combes, Clementine, Chomton, Maryline, Jouvet, Philippe, Ranchin, Bruno, Macher, Marie Alice, Gaillot, Théophile, Moine, Murielle, Ageron, François Xavier, Jannel, Claire, Debillon, Thierry, Wroblewski, Isabelle, Duprey, Matthieu, Jarlier, Vincent, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Longval, Thomas, Schnell, David, Padoin, Christophe, Cohen, Yves, Gaies, Emna, Triki, Sameh, Klouz, Anis, Moussa, Mouhamed, Desrumaux, Flavie, May, Faten, Perrin, Marion, Nguyen, Jean-Claude, Tiercelet, Kelly, Fournier, Julien, Cherin, Mélanie, Kitzis, Marie Dominique, Misset, Benoit, Mathien, Cyrille, Poidevin, Antoine, Donatti, Luis, Mootien, Joy, Pinto, Luis, Egard, Mathieu, Bodur, Gokhan, Barberet, 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Biologie Moléculaire [CHRU Lille] (Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Hôpital Victor Provo, Biologie et physiologie des états septiques, IFR114-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Hôpital Claude Huriez, Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 (CERIM), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), TIBOT Technologies SAS, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Soins Intensifs [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service d'Anesthésie - Réanimation Chirurgicale [CHU Caen], Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Limoges, Hôpital Charles Foix - Jean Rostand, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Charles Foix - Jean Rostand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de réanimation médicale - Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Lyon University Hospital, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bron, France, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier Marc Jacquet (Melun), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France, Service de réanimation - soins continus (Centre hospitalier de Bourg-en-Bresse), Centre Hospitalier de Bourg-en-Bresse, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COIITSS Study Investigators, Hôpital Delafontaine, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département d'anesthésie-réanimation[Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology [Brussels, Belgium], Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Intensive Care, Reanimation Médicale et Infectieuse [Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Unité de Soins Intensifs et de Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Groupe hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph - Hôpital, Centre Hospitalier Versailles, 78000 Le Chesnay, France, parent, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Service de réanimation médicale et infectieuse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service des Soins Intensifs, Service de cardiologie [CHU Limoges], Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], CHRU Brest - Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU - BREST - Réa Med), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de réanimation medico-chirurgicale [CHU Raymond-Poincaré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Unité de Soins Intensifs Médicaux, CHU Amiens-Picardie-Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Pharmacologie des Dysfonctionnements Endotheliaux et Myocardiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche, culture, éducation, formation, travail (CIRCEFT), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR_T9405), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Modélisation mathématique et numérique (M2N), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Service d'Anesthésie et Soins Intensifs, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hémostase, bio-ingénierie et remodelage cardiovasculaires (LBPC), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de radiologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine interne, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Service de Réanimation Neurologique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rotschild, Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Hôpital Louis Mourier], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Computing tools to empower users (MJOLNIR), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille, Laboratoire Universitaire Médical d’Enseignement basé sur les technologies Numériques et de Simulation (iLumens - site Paris 5), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Service des soins intensifs [Hôpital Louis Mourier], Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy], Continental Automotive France [Toulouse], Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques - EA 7426 (PI3), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier - Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Unité de Soins Intensifs [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Service de Cardiologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD, CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service de Réanimation Médicale [Grenoble], CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Medical-Surgical ICU, Hôpital Gonesse, Service des Soins Intensifs [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'Immunopathologie [Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de réanimation médicale [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], CH Argenteuil, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de physiologie, explorations fonctionnelles [Mondor], CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation [Toulouse], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de Réanimation polyvalente [Toulouse], Service de neurologie [Poitiers], CHU Tenon [APHP], ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Pharmacoepidemiologie et évaluation de l'impact des produits de santé sur les populations, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Montpellier, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140, [Institut Cochin] Departement Infection, immunité, inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BIOMERIEUX, Service de réanimation médicale polyvalente [CHU Cochin], Service de réanimation-Détresses Respiratoires et Infections Sévères [Hôpital Nord - APHM] (DRIS), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM]-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Neurobiologie de l'audition-plasticité synaptique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Anesthésie - Réanimation, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], CIC epidémiologie clinique/ essais cliniques, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Dpt néonatalogie [CHU Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université - Département de neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service de Réanimation Médicale (BREST - Réa Med), Epidémiologie pronostique des cancers et affections graves, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuro-oncologie et neuro-inflammation, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, CH Départemental Vendée, Neurointensive Care Unit, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Unité de Soins Intensifs [CH Versailles], Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hubert Curien / Eris, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Médecine Intensive [CHU Nantes], Hôpital de Rangueil, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Somfy, Service de soins intensifs, Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Biostatistique et épidemiologie clinique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunologie antivirale systémique et cérébrale, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IFR93-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de gastro-entérologie, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service de Néphrologie et Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Réanimation Médicale CHRU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Service d'Hématologie biologique [CHU Limoges], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), CIC - Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges (CIC1435), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service d'Accompagnement et Soins Palliatifs [CHU Limoges], Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit [Limoges], Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire des microorganismes (EA3175), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Hygiène [CHU Limoges], Hématologie -Immunologie -Cibles thérapeutiques, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - INSERM U1019 - UMR 9017 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Microenvironnement et cancer (MiCa), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris (UPD5 Pharmacie), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU d'Angers, France, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Service de soins intensifs [CHU Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation [Avicenne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Modèles et simulations pour l'Architecture et le Patrimoine (MAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital de Dourdan, Bioingénierie tissulaire (BIOTIS), Service Anesthésie - Réanimation [Bordeaux], Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Service de Reanimation Polyvalente, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Saint-Joseph, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Austin Hospital [Melbourne], Austin Health, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Service de Réanimation Médicale Polyvalente, Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine [ ?-2019] (UGA UFRM [ ?-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service de chirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois [Saint-Julien-en-Genevois], Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux Paris, hôpital Beaujon, servie d'anesthésie-réanimation, réanimation chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Département de Radiologie [Brussels, Belgium] (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet [Bruxelles], De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'anesthésie-réanimation SAMU94-SMUR94 [Mondor], Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Enterologie et Nutrition [CHU Caen], Service d'anatomie pathologique, CHI Créteil, Les Hôptaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Strasbourg, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie (BB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d’Hépatogastroentérologie, NHC, CHU de Strasbourg, Centre de Chirurgie Viscérale et de Transplantation - Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpital de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Réanimation médicale, CHU Grenoble, Service de Néphrologie - Hypertension Artérielle Dialyse - Transplantation, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Claude Hurriez, Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie [CHRU Nancy], Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Polytech Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), Nokia Bell Labs [Paris-Saclay], ISG Tunis, Hopital Habib Bourguiba - Habib Bourguiba Hospital [Sfax], Linguistique, Langues et Parole (LILPA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon (UMR 6623) (LMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Mécanismes physiologiques et conséquences des calcifications cardiovasculaires: rôle des remodelages cardiovasculaires et osseux, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Anesthésie réanimation et Médecine d'urgence, Département de Chirurgie Cardiaque [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Reanimation Medicale, Unité médicale de soins intensifs, Oslo and Akershus University College (OAUC), NVH Medicinal Biotechnology (Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Centre d'épidémiologie des populations (CEP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Registre EPIMAD, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de biochimie générale [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, Service Anesthésie et soins intensifs [CHU Rouen], Service d'Epidémiologie et Evaluations Cliniques [CHRU Nancy] (Pôle S2R), Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire Gouvernance et Contrôle Organisationnel (LGCO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Radiopharmaceutical and Neurochemical Biomarkers Team (BioRaN), Université de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Abderrahmen Mami, Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires [Rouen], Service de Pneumologie [CHRU Tours], Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100. Equipe 2 (CEPR. Equipe 2), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [CHU Ambroise Paré], Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale [CHU Bichat], Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, CH Evry-Corbeil, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Service de réanimation et USC médico-chirurgicale [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Service d'anesthésie et réanimation [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [APHP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des soins intensifs [CHU Tenon], Service de Réanimation polyvalente, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service d'assistance respiratoire et sommeil de l'enfant [CHU Necker], INSERM U955, équipe 13, S2A Santé, S2A Santé-S2A Santé-Service de pneumologie pédiatrique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, South Paris University Hospitals,'Kremlin-Bicêtre' Medical center-APHP Paris, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSE), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Paris South University Hospitals, AP-HP, Clamart, Saint-Mary's Hospital, London, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Université de La Réunion (UR), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), Department of Neonatal Pediatrics [Dijon], Faculté des Sciences et Techniques [Settat] (FSTS), Université Hassan 1er [Settat], Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Centre de Recherche et de Documentation Européennes et Internationales (CRDEI), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Burn Center, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, BP 406, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92141, Clamart, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Unité de soins intensifs [CHU Martinique], Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de Thérapie Génique Translationnelle des Maladies Génétiques (Inserm UMR 1089), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes (UN), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology [Birmingham], Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Biochimie – Biologie moléculaire et Nutrition [CHRU Nancy], Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie - UMR 7213 (LBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), EA4278 Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire (LaPEC), Avignon Université (AU), Nanomédecine Régénérative (NanoRegMed), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecologie et Evolution des Microorganismes (EEM), Laboratoire de Bactériologie (CHU Dijon), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques (CHU de Dijon), Montpellier Research in Management (MRM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Decision Sciences in Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Care (Team DeSCID), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics [Freiburg, Germany], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Service de Soins Intensifs [Mondor], Hôpital Henri Mondor, Medical ICU, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Réanimation Polyvalente [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), CHU Saint Louis [APHP]-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de microbiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Sud-CHR La réunion, Hôpital Michallon, Département de Gastroentérologie et hépatologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Clinique de réanimation médicale, Unité de pneumologie, ACTeon, Équipe Énergie et Systèmes Embarqués (LAAS-ESE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Département d'Endocrinologie et Nutrition (LOUVAIN - Endocrino), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service médical des soins intensifs [CHU Raymond Poincaré], Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], CHU Marseille, Service de Réanimation, détresses respiratoires et infections sévères, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital nord, Hôpital Européen de Marseille (HEM), Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, European Hospital and Alphabio Laboratory, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriomics) (UMR-S 1269 INSERM - Sorbonne Université), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions. Vulnérabilité et variabilité expérimentale et clinique (NAVVEC - UM 81 (UMR 8206/ U705)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut des sciences du Médicament -Toxicologie - Chimie - Environnement (IFR71), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Biochimie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-IFR6, SUPELEC-Campus Gif, SUPELEC, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, ICU, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM)-Hôpital Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Hôpital Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Service de Pneumologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Hôpital Sud Francilien Corbeil-Essonnes, Service de Chirurgie thoracique [CHU Paris Centre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (CHU Paris Centre), Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathologies Respiratoires : Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Analyse Comparée des Pouvoirs (ACP), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), DTF-Aerodrug, DTF, Soins intensifs-Unité médico-chirurgicale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Service d'endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de chirurgie générale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Réanimation Médicale, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs [CHU HEGHP], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Informatique Médicale (SPIM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d'anesthésiologie et soins intensifs [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Hôpital de St Brieuc, Départment de pharmacie [CHRU Besançon], Département de pharmacie, Service de Soins Intensifs [Angers], PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre hospitalier universitaire d'Amiens (CHU Amiens-Picardie), Equipe Universitaire de Recherche en Economie Quantitative (EUREQUA), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Samu 74, Hôpital Annecy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Saint-Etienne, Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département anesthésie et réanimation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Hôpital d'Estaing, Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, 270 avenue Marc Jacquet, 77000, Melun, Patrimoines et Territoires de l'eau (LMI PATEO), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Service de Médecine intensive [CH de Melun], Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Laboratoire CERBA, Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], CHU La Roche sur Yon, Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] (CIC), INSERM U955, équipe 3, Pharmacie-Toxicologie, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation [Strasbourg], Nouvel Hôpital Civil [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-CHU Strasbourg, Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire (MSP), Service des urgences [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), DMI, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anesthésie et Réanimation [Hôpital Nord - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies (PROTECT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de recherche clinique / Centre d'investigation clinique [CHU Necker], Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives (LINC), Faculté de Psychologie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation[Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé [2016-2019] (TIMC-ThEMAS [2016-2019]), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 [2016-2019] (TIMC [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-IMAG-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-IMAG-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service of Infectious Diseases - Genomic Research Laboratory, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Real time and interoperability (TRIO), INRIA Lorraine, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Health Regional Agency [Cayenne], Medical ICU, Avenue Albert Raymond, Saint-Priest en Jarez 42270, France, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Laboratoire de neurobiologie et pharmacologie cardiovasculaire (LNPCV), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne Stress et Environnement - EA 4707 (URVVC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Hospital of Geneva, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Universidad Politecnica, Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital Raymond Poincaré, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French Military Health Service Academy, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie [Chambéry], Early detection of Colon Cancer using Molecular Markers and Microbiota (EA 7375) (EC2M3), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinique Ambroise Paré, Hôpital avicenne, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, National reference laboratory for clostridium difficile, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Casselardit - Junod, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan (CHU Purpan), Pôle d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre National de Référence Virus des hépatites B, C et Delta, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Serious Game Research Network (SGRN), Institut national universitaire Champollion [Albi] (INUC), Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation SMUR [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Equipe Opérationnelle d'Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce : fonctions cellulaires et contrôle de l'infection aigüe et subaigüe, University of Ottawa [Ottawa] (uOttawa), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale (LaTIM), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Polystim, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Service Pneumologie Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Department of Renal Emergencies and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Laboratoire Biostatistique-Santé (LBS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'hématologie [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Centre hospitalier de Dieppe, Endothélium, valvulopathies et insuffisance cardiaque (EnVI), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM (LCM), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE )-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Neuropsycho-pharmacologie expérimentale, Service d'hépatologie [Saint-Antoine], Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service d'hépatologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Service de gastroenterologie, Hôpital de Jour, Centre Hospitalier d’Hyères, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Systèmes et Réseaux Intelligents (XLIM-SRI), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Institute of Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Service d'anesthésie réanimation [Poitiers], Chimie de l'eau et traitement de l'eau, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale [Poitiers], Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France, Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Nantes], Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique (LIC), Groupe de Physique des Solides (GPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Département d'anesthésiologie et de soins intensifs [Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille], Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire d'Immunologie (EA 2686), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Biomolécules et inflammation pulmonaire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), ENSITM-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Imagerie et modélisation Vasculaires, Thoraciques et Cérébrales (MOTIVATE), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Réanimation, Maladies Infectieuses, CH Belfort-Montbéliard, Physiologie intégrative, cellulaire et moléculaire (PICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences Agronomiques Appliquées à l'Horticulture (SAGAH), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, U618, Chirurgie thoracique et cardio-vasculaire, Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours), Centre de recherche en épistémologie appliquée (CREA), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Hôpital militaire de Tunis, département d'anesthésie réanimation, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale [2016-2019] (TIMC-TheREx [2016-2019]), TheREx, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 [2011-2015] (TIMC [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hypertension arterielle pulmonaire physiopathologie et innovation thérapeutique, Centre chirurgical Marie Lannelongue-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Medical intensive care unit, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Brest (UBO), NeckerEnfant Malades, Service de Réanimation polyvalente et des Maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron, École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles (ENSA-V), Recherche en Psychopathologie Clinique - Clinique de l’Acte et Psychosexualité (CRPC-CAPS EA 4050), Recherches en Psychopathologie, nouveaux symptômes et lien social (EA 4050), Université de Poitiers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Poitiers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire Lorrain de Sciences Sociales (2L2S), Université de Lorraine (UL), Urgences médicales, Service de Réanimation Médicale (POITIERS - Réa), Centre Hospitalier de Meaux, Bioinformatique (LRI) (BioInfo - LRI), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CH de Saint-Malo [Broussais], Unité de soins Continus (USC), Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême (CH Angoulême), Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique (EA_7323), Intensive Care Unit, Cannes general hospital, Cannes, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'hématologie, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (HOTE GREFFON), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Unité de Biostatistiques, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Etablissement français du sang [Pyrénées-Méditerranée] (EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée), University of Guelph, CIC - Biotherapie - GHU Ouest APHP (CIC-BT 502), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation (A2T), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département d'Oncologie Médicale [Institut Curie, Paris], Institut Curie [Paris], Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Prague University Hospital, Service d'hématologie [Angers], Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 7), Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique (Hémato - ANGERS), Service des Explorations des Pathologies du Sommeil [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Emergency Department, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Hôpital Pellegrin - Bordeaux, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intensive Care Unit [Monastir], CIC Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, CIC Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-CHU Saint-Eloi-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hospices Civil de Lyon, Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal Isère, RHEOP, Département de pédiatrie, Unité de Méthodologie et de Qualité de Vie en Cancérologie (UMQVC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Pôle cancérologie (CHU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Institut Régional Fédératif du Cancer (IRFC), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universität Regensburg (UR), Laboratoire de toxicologie - Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] (CH E.Muller Mulhouse), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA), University of Minho [Braga], Centre Hospitalier de Charleville-Mezières, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapeutique (I3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Maputo Heart Institute, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomarqueurs CArdioNeuroVASCulaires (BioCANVAS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Stress vasculaire et tissulaire en transplantation : microparticules et environnement, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, Dysfonction endothéliale et remodelage vasculaire pulmonaire dans les pathologies bronchiques obstructives (EA 4068), Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INOTREM SA, Faculté de Médecine [Nancy], Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Département de Pédiatrie et maladies infectieuses [CHU Necker], Centre National de Référence pour la maladie de Wilson (CNR wilson), CNR Wilson, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, service de neuroradiologie [Paris], Hôpital Sainte-Anne, SAMU 92-SMUR, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Service d'immunologie [HEGP, Paris], Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et de Catalyse pour l'Energie (ex LCCEF) (LCMCE), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU de Lille), Service de Pneumologie, Immunologie et Allergologie [Lille], Centre de compétences des maladies pulmonaires rares de l'adulte [CHU Lille] (CRMPR), Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie [CHU LIlle], Pole Cardio-vasculaire et pulmonaire [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pole Cardio-vasculaire et pulmonaire [CHU Lille], Service d'imagerie médicale [Rouen], Service de soins intensifs neurochirurgicaux, Service d’Anesthésie Réanimation, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de neuroradiologie [Suresnes], Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale [CHU Tenon], Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA)-EA 7365 (GRITA), Unité de soins intensifs [Brest], Service d'anesthesiologie, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital E. Herriot, Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, Critical care center [CHU Lille], Service d'Hépato-Gastro Entérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Service d'oncologie médicale [CHU HEGP], Service de réanimation pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France, Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique [Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de référence des épilepsies rares [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Service de Réanimation Médicale [Strasbourg], Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, Service de Réanimation Médicale Sud, Department of Intensive Care [Bruxelles, Belgique], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles [Bruxelles, Belgique], CHU Henri Mondor, Des Maladies Rénales Rares aux Maladies Fréquentes, Remodelage et Réparation, Unité Médicale de Soins Intensifs, Centre Hospitalier Chalon-sur-Saône William Morey, Laboratoire d'Hématologie [Strasbourg], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de soutien méthodologique [CHU Dijon], Délégation à la recherche clinique et à l'innovation [CHU Dijon] (DRCI), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Marqueurs pronostiques et facteurs de régulations des pathologies cardiaques et vasculaires - UFC ( EA 3920) (PCVP / CARDIO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service de Chirurgie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hospices Civiles de Marseille-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Centre chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Theranoscan, Service d'anatomie pathologique [CHU Tenon], Service de radiologie [Saint-Louis], Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires (BIC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies [CHU Trousseau], Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gériatrie, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des enfants Reine Fabiola, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola [Bruxelles, Belgique] (HUDERF), Unité de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie [Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille], Hôpital Louis Pasteur [Chartres], Unité de soins intensifs, Hôpital pasteur [Colmar], Centre antipoison de Paris, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU Necker], Cellule Interrégionale d'Epidémiologie, INSERM U26, affiliation inconnue, CH La Rochelle, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Tenon], Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo (EA3964), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UR : Unité de recherche Physiologie de la reproduction des mammifères domestiques, Nouzilly, Unité de transplantation allogénique [CHU de Montpellier], Département d'Hématologie [CHU de Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Département de soins aigus [Gustave Roussy] (DSA), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département d’Hématologie Clinique [CHRU Montpellier], Microbiologie, Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cliniques universitaires St Luc [Bruxelles], Médecine intensive et réanimation - Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Paris, Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, University of Lisbon, Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 [METRICS], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] [CHRU Lille], Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse [LMSPC], CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers [CHU Angers], Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale [IMRB], Agroécologie [Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand [CHU Dijon], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) [LNC], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement [LMGE], Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] [PhyMedExp], Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck [IMAG], Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris], Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée [NETEC], CHRU Brest - Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU - BREST - Réa Med], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche, culture, éducation, formation, travail [CIRCEFT], Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] [HFME], Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement [UMRESTTE UMR T9405], Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement [UMRESTTE UMR_T9405], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes [CHU Nantes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice [CHU Nice], Modélisation mathématique et numérique [M2N], Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf [STLO], Biomécanique et Bioingénierie [BMBI], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle [LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)], Hémostase, bio-ingénierie et remodelage cardiovasculaires [LBPC], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution [IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière [CRICM], Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance UMR 7323 [CESR], Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier [LUPM], Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) [INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy)], Computing tools to empower users [MJOLNIR], Laboratoire Universitaire Médical d’Enseignement basé sur les technologies Numériques et de Simulation [iLumens - site Paris 5], Université de Lorraine [UL], Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] [CIC-P], Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique [DCAC], Geometry and Lighting [ALICE], Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques / Pathophysiology of Injury-induced Immunosuppression [PI3], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC - UMR-S U970], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot [CHV], Université de Bordeaux [UB], Institut Cochin [IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers [CHU Poitiers], Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 [CPT], Service de Réanimation polyvalente [CHU Toulouse], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], ATOMycA [CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6], Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille [CPPM], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 [UPD5], Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques [SeRAIC], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse [CRCT], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections [MEPHI], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes [URMITE], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] [AP-HP], Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 [MAP5 - UMR 8145], Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables [ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique [iPLESP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute [ICM], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy [CHRU Nancy], Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques [IVH], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne [EPFL], Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans [CHRO], Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques [HIFIH], Laboratoire Navier [navier umr 8205], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases [ICAN], Université de Franche-Comté [UFC], Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges [CIC1435], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) [FEMTO-ST], Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire des microorganismes [EA3175], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Microenvironnement et cancer [MiCa], Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] [EFS Bretagne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] [CHUV], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] [CHU], Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne [UMR EGFV], Bioingénierie tissulaire [BIOTIS], Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires [LPMA], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 [UP11], University of New South Wales [Sydney] [UNSW], Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie [SATIE], De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie [PACEA], Les Hôptaux universitaires de Strasbourg [HUS], Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie [BB], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] [CIC], Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux [NGERE], Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes [IRCCyN], Université Nancy 2, University College of London [London] [UCL], Linguistique, Langues et Parole [LILPA], Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon (UMR 6623) [LMB], Université de Picardie Jules Verne [UPJV], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion [CHU La Réunion], Centre d'épidémiologie des populations [CEP], Service d'Epidémiologie et Evaluations Cliniques [CHRU Nancy] [Pôle S2R], Laboratoire Gouvernance et Contrôle Organisationnel [LGCO], Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC [GREGH], Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications [CEDRIC], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 [LASIRE], Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems [LFI], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 [LBBE], Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 [CLERSÉ], Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule [I2BC], Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité [GEICO], Centre de Recherche et de Documentation Européennes et Internationales [CRDEI], Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique [CERMICS], Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax [ITX-lab], Laboratoire de Thérapie Génique Translationnelle des Maladies Génétiques [Inserm UMR 1089], Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie - UMR 7213 [LBP], EA4278 Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire [LaPEC], Nanomédecine Régénérative [NanoRegMed], Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine [DC2N], Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques / Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems [NISC], Ecologie et Evolution des Microorganismes [EEM], Montpellier Research in Management [MRM], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon [CHRU Besançon], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S 872)], Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] [PRC], Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) [SBIM], Équipe Énergie et Systèmes Embarqués [LAAS-ESE], Université Le Havre Normandie [ULH], Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 [LIRIC], Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (UMR-S 1269) [Nutriomics], Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions. Vulnérabilité et variabilité expérimentale et clinique [NAVVEC - UM 81 (UMR 8206/ U705)], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres [M2P2], Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes [VariaPsy - U1144], CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] [HFB], Institut Cochin [UMR_S567 / UMR 8104], Analyse Comparée des Pouvoirs [ACP], Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 [CEPR], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] [HEGP], Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique [VIMA], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations [CESP], Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée [DAPNIA], Equipe Universitaire de Recherche en Economie Quantitative [EUREQUA], Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne [UJM], Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon [CHD Vendée], Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire [MSP], Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique [CRESS - U1153], UMR 6578 : Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle [UAABC], Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies [PROTECT], Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs [NPA], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [IGBMC], Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse [IMFT], Interdisciplinarité dans les Etudes Anglophones - Interdisciplinarity in English Studies [IDEA], Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie [CORIA], Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé [TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS], Real time and interoperability [TRIO], Laboratoire de neurobiologie et pharmacologie cardiovasculaire [LNPCV], Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne Stress et Environnement - EA 4707 [URVVC], Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles [ICSN], Infection et inflammation [2I], Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg [FMTS], Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie [ICube], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 [UPD7], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique [INRA], Early detection of Colon Cancer using Molecular Markers and Microbiota (EA 7375) [EC2M3], Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition [CarMeN], Serious Game Research Network [SGRN], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège [CHU-Liège], Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale [LaTIM], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 [UPMC], Endothélium, valvulopathies et insuffisance cardiaque [EnVI], Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM [LCM], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] [TIMONE], Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines [LITEC], Systèmes et Réseaux Intelligents [XLIM-SRI], Centre de génétique moléculaire [CGM], Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique [LIC], Groupe de Physique des Solides [GPS], Laboratoire d'Immunologie [EA 2686], Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles [LPMT], Imagerie et modélisation Vasculaires, Thoraciques et Cérébrales [MOTIVATE], Physiologie intégrative, cellulaire et moléculaire [PICM], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes [L2S], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Sciences Agronomiques Appliquées à l'Horticulture [SAGAH], MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé [MICALIS], Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] [Heudiasyc], Centre de recherche en épistémologie appliquée [CREA], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses [CIMI], Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale [TIMC-IMAG-TheREx], Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] [LAPM], Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] [DMIP - Brest], École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles [ENSA-V], Recherche en Psychopathologie Clinique - Clinique de l’Acte et Psychosexualité [CRPC-CAPS EA 4050], Laboratoire Lorrain de Sciences Sociales [2L2S], Bioinformatique (LRI) [BioInfo - LRI], Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique [EA_7323], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité [CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)], Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 [UHP], Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) [RIGHT], Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) [API], CIC - Biotherapie - GHU Ouest APHP [CIC-BT 502], Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation [A2T], Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy [CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 7], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 [CIC ], Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau [FIZEAU], Université de Limoges [UNILIM], Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes [LIMOS], Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs [IRIT-SMAC], Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] [CH E.Muller Mulhouse], Université de Brest [UBO], Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique [LETG - Brest], Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapeutique [I3], Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique [LaBRI], Biomarqueurs CArdioNeuroVASCulaires [BioCANVAS], Dysfonction endothéliale et remodelage vasculaire pulmonaire dans les pathologies bronchiques obstructives [EA 4068], Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations [CRIBL], Service de neuroradiologie [Paris], Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et de Catalyse pour l'Energie (ex LCCEF) [LCMCE], Service d'imagerie médicale [CHU Rouen], Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques [ICHN], Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien [DéTROI], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail [Irset], Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol [ICPAL], Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées - ULR 7365 [GRITA], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] [CHLS], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information [CEA-LETI], Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques [INERIS], MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale [MITOVASC], CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Marqueurs pronostiques et facteurs de régulations des pathologies cardiaques et vasculaires - UFC ( UR 3920) [PCVP / CARDIO], Département Recherches Subatomiques [DRS-IPHC], Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection [IHU Marseille], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes [URMITE], Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires [PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)], Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville [CHR Metz-Thionville], Domaines Océaniques [LDO], Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer [NuMeCan], Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève [HUG], Unité de Nutrition Humaine [UNH], Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo [EA3964], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] [LPTENS], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain [UCL], Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Galilée, CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Institut Jules Bordet [Bruxelles], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10-Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (2020-....) (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université d'Ottawa, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (ICHN), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Hôpital Paul Brousse-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Pôle cancérologie (CHU Besançon), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Jaillette, E, Girault, C, Brunin, G, Zerimech, F, Chiche, A, Broucqsault Dedrie, C, Fayolle, C, Minacori, F, Alves, I, Barrailler, S, Robriquet, L, Delaporte, E, Thellier, D, Delcourte, C, Duhamel, A, Nseir, S, Valette, X, Desmeulles, I, Savary, B, Masson, R, Seguin, A, Daubin, C, Sauneuf, B, Verrier, P, Pottier, V, Orabona, M, Samba, D, Viquesnel, G, Lermuzeaux, M, Hazera, P, Hanouz, J, Parienti, J, Du Cheyron, D, Demoule, A, Clavel, M, Rolland Debord, C, Perbet, S, Terzi, N, Kouatchet, A, Wallet, F, Roze, H, Vargas, F, Guérin, C, Dellamonica, J, Jaber, S, Similowski, T, Quenot, J, Binquet, C, Vinsonneau, C, Barbar, S, Vinault, S, Deckert, V, Lemaire, S, Hssain, A, Bruyère, R, Souweine, B, Lagrost, L, Adrie, C, Jung, B, Daurat, A, De Jong, A, Chanques, G, Mahul, M, Monnin, M, Molinari, N, Lheureux, O, Trepo, E, Hites, M, Cotton, F, Wolff, F, Surin, R, Créteur, J, Vincent, J, Gustot, T, Jacobs, F, Taccone, F, Neuville, M, Timsit, J, El Helali, N, Le Monnier, A, Magalhaes, E, Radjou, A, Smonig, R, Soubirou, J, Voiriot, G, Sonneville, R, Bouadma, L, Mourvillier, B, Gélisse, E, Brasseur, A, Roisin, S, De Backer, D, Van Ruychevelt, V, Carlier, E, Piagnerelli, M, Vanhaeverbeek, M, Danguy, C, Biston, P, Au, S, Begot, E, Dalmay, F, Repessé, X, Prat, G, Bouferrache, K, Slama, M, Vieillard Baron, A, Monnet, X, Marik, P, Teboul, J, Jozwiak, M, Richard, C, Chauvet, J, El Dash, S, Delastre, O, Bouffandeau, B, Jusserand, D, Michot, J, Bauer, F, Brazier, F, Mercado, P, Kontar, L, Titeca, D, De Cagny, B, Bacari Risal, G, Riviere, A, Maizel, J, Guillot, C, Le Reun, C, Lampin, M, Sadik, A, Botte, A, Leteurtre, S, Collins, A, Kempeneers, C, Cajgfinger, N, Ohlmann, C, Pouyau, R, Subtil, F, Baudin, F, Massenavette, B, Javouhey, E, Milesi, C, Essouri, S, Liet, J, Afanetti, M, Durand, S, Durand, P, Roze, J, Dupont, D, Cambonie, G, Soyer, B, Rusca, M, Lukaszewicz, A, Crassard, I, Guichard, J, Bresson, D, de la Garanderie, D, Cantier, M, Sabben, C, Louedec, L, Delbosc, S, Journé, C, Ou, P, Klein, I, Chau, F, Lefort, A, Desilles, J, Michel, J, Mazighi, M, Salem, O, Demeret, S, Bolgert, F, Sharshar, T, Grabli, D, Arib, S, Crippa, I, Soummer, A, Engrand, N, Guedin, P, Aldea, S, Cerf, C, Desailly, V, Pasquier, P, Brun, P, Roux, D, Latournerie, G, Kasprzyk, L, Grosjean, V, Latreche, A, Habert, P, Huot, S, Jobin, T, Tesnière, A, Dreyfuss, D, Ricard, J, Mignon, A, Gaudry, S, Laithier, F, Kimmoun, A, Chouihed, T, Albizzati, S, Camenzind, E, Vanhuyse, F, Levy, B, Cour, M, Venet, F, Hernu, R, Demaret, J, Monneret, G, Argaud, L, Dumas, F, Lamhaut, L, Rosencher, J, Pène, F, Varenne, O, Carli, P, Jouven, X, Spaulding, C, Cariou, A, Geri, G, Bonnetain, F, Marijon, E, Empana, J, Mirouse, A, Resche Rigon, M, Mayaux, J, Rabbat, A, Meert, A, Benoit, D, Bruneel, F, Azoulay, E, Dupuis, C, Schwebel, C, Ruckly, S, Goldgran Toledano, D, Marcotte, G, Lafarge, A, Pichereau, C, Theodose, I, Scotto, M, Kemlin, D, Ghrenassia, E, Schlemmer, B, Vimpere, D, Galicier, L, Contou, D, Guérot, E, Grimaldi, D, Ricome, S, Maury, E, Plantefève, G, Dessap, A, Brun Buisson, C, de Prost, N, Dubé, B, Delemazure, J, Dres, M, Rousseau, L, Drouot, X, Diaz, V, Rebollar, Y, Frat, J, Thille, A, Aissa, D, Coquet, P, Ruiz, J, Ferre, F, Hoarau, L, Riu Poulenc, B, Bataille, B, Silva, S, Baudel, J, Bigé, N, Tahiri, J, Dubée, V, Guidet, B, Ait Oufella, H, Jinglun, L, Shen, F, Bailly, S, Leroy, O, Montravers, P, Constantin, J, Dupont, H, Guillemot, D, Lortholary, O, Perrigault, P, Gangneux, J, Razazi, K, Mekontso Dessap, A, Jansen, C, Lecronier, M, Sandrine, V, Mira, J, Blein, S, Marin, N, Rousseau, C, Charpentier, J, Pachot, A, Hraiech, S, Bordes, J, De, L, Mège, J, Forel, J, Guervilly, C, Adda, M, Raoult, D, Papazian, L, Kentish Barnes, N, Cohen Solal, Z, Souppart, V, Kerhuel, L, Haubertin, C, Exbrayat, I, Rozières, E, Argain, A, Suc, A, Vignes, M, Cougot, P, Fourcade, O, Brunel, E, Messika, J, Tubach, F, Dubief, E, Pasquet, B, Guillo, S, Pierron, C, Grimaud, M, Farnoux, C, Maillard, A, Decavèle, M, Prodanovic, H, Idbaih, A, Alentorn, A, Delattre, J, De Montmollin, E, Brule, N, Conrad, M, Dailler, F, Navellou, J, Alves, M, Tonnelier, J, Picard, G, Rogemond, V, Honnorat, J, Marzorati, C, Lebert, C, Perez, P, Citerio, G, Legriel, S, Tripon, S, Mallet, M, Rudler, M, Imbert Bismut, F, Thabut, D, Canet, E, Faguer, S, Moreau, A, Barbier, F, Merceron, S, Guitton, C, Labadie, F, Lemiale, V, Faucher, E, Klouche, K, Chevret, S, Ragot, S, Coudroy, R, Boulain, T, Jamet, A, Mercat, A, Brochard, L, Roux, A, Franchineau, G, Brechot, N, Lebreton, G, Hekimian, G, Nieszkowska, A, Leprince, P, Trouillet, J, Combes, A, Schmidt, M, Barrot, L, Piton, G, Bailey, M, Panwar, R, Belin, N, Belon, F, Patry, C, Grandperrin, M, Chaignat, C, Labro, G, Vivet, B, Capellier, G, Daix, T, Guérin, E, Tavernier, E, Mercier, E, Gissot, V, Vallejo, C, François, B, Ravry, C, Pichon, N, Chapellas, C, Fedou, A, Galy, A, Ploy, M, Barraud, O, Vignon, P, Thooft, A, Conotte, R, Colet, J, Le Dorze, M, Tarazona, V, Brumpt, C, Moins Teisserenc, H, Uhel, F, Azzaoui, I, Gregoire, M, Pangault, C, Dulong, J, Cynober, L, Roussel, M, Le Tulzo, Y, Tarte, K, Demiselle, J, Auchabie, J, Dequin, P, Chudeau, N, Fourrier, F, Grange, S, Piquilloud, L, Lautrette, A, Boyer, S, Letheulle, J, Lerolle, N, Truche, A, Clec'H, C, Zaoui, P, Laurent, V, Toledano, D, Ragey, S, Gros, A, Dumenil, A, Jamali, S, Darmon, M, Chouraqui, M, Dewitte, A, Chastel, B, Carles, P, Fleureau, C, Joannes Boyau, O, Ouattara, A, Joseph, A, Garrouste Orgeas, M, Max, A, Lerin, T, Grégoire, C, Kloeckner, M, Bruel, C, Brochon, S, Philippart, F, Pichot, E, Simons, C, Flint, A, Aubron, C, Bellomo, R, Pilcher, D, Cheng, A, Hegarty, C, Martinelli, A, Howden, B, Reade, M, Mcquilten, Z, Bretonnière, C, Villers, D, Soares, M, Gonzalez, F, Vincent, F, Fauché, C, Gay, S, Skowron, O, Levrat, A, Dorez, D, Foucrier, A, Pease, S, Gauss, T, Paugam, C, Gorham, J, Ameye, L, Paesmans, M, Berghmans, T, Sculier, J, Deras, P, Martinez, O, Latry, P, Capdevila, X, Charbit, J, Jaubert, J, Etiennar, C, Ginoux, L, Sebbah, J, Haouache, H, Dhonneur, G, Cheikh, C, Moussaid, I, Ghazaoui, O, Belkadi, K, El Youssoufi, S, Salmi, S, Pajot, L, Zuber, B, Bedos, J, Dupont, B, Eugène, A, Galateau Sallé, F, Michard, B, Lebas, B, Boivin, A, Guillot, M, Harlay, M, Janssen Langenstein, R, Schenck, M, Ellero, B, Woehl Jaegle, M, Besch, C, Castelain, V, Bachellier, P, Schneider, F, Camus, C, Saliba, F, Goubaux, B, Bonadona, A, Lavayssiere, L, Quinart, A, Barbot, O, Dharancy, S, Delafosse, B, Barraud, H, Galbois, A, Veber, B, Cayot, S, Souche, B, Locher, C, Roux, O, Figorilli, F, Putignano, A, Houssel, P, Francoz, C, Weiss, E, Agarwal, B, Jalan, R, Durand, F, Ghezala, H, Daoudi, R, Kaddour, M, Ghadhoune, H, Rachedi, E, Guissouma, J, Ben Slimene, A, Azzeza, W, Brahmi, H, Elghord, H, Kada, A, Chikh, R, Slimani, R, A. Bouyoucef, K, Regaieg, K, Kamilia, C, Baccouche, N, Turki, O, Chaari, A, Ben, H, Bouaziz, M, Medhioub, F, Zekri, M, Rgieg, K, Bhimada, C, Mounir, B, Lang, E, Welschbillig, S, Perrin, M, Devys, J, Benbernou, S, Mokhtari Djebli, H, Ilies, S, Bouyacoub, K, Azza, A, Zogheib, E, Nader, J, Villeret, L, Guilbart, M, Besserve, P, Caus, T, Mastroianni, C, Santi, F, Hékimian, G, Pascal, L, Chastre, J, Perrier, V, Deniau, B, Klasen, F, Ponthus, J, Ngasseu, P, Amilien, V, Barsam, E, Lehericey, P, Tchir, M, Georger, J, Puech, B, Vandroux, D, Roussiaux, A, Belcour, D, Ferdynus, C, Martinet, O, Jabot, J, Fresco, M, Demeilliers Pfister, G, Merle, V, Brunel, V, Dureuil, B, Leydier, S, Clerc Urmes, I, Lemarie, J, Maigrat, C, Cravoisy Popovic, A, Barraud, D, Nace, L, Gibot, S, Agrinier, N, Bollaert, P, Daban, J, Boutonnet, M, Dumas, G, Falzone, E, Jault, P, Lenoir, B, Makunza, J, Mejeni, N, Mazaud, A, Béague, S, Rousselle, A, Durocher, A, Grinea, A, Bedoui, N, Stoian, A, Baboi, L, Gobert, F, Yonis, H, Tapponier, R, Bruyneel, A, Bonus, T, Cuvelier, G, Machayeckhi, S, Olieuz, S, Legrand, A, Feki, F, Jamoussi, A, Merhebene, T, Braham, E, Ghariani, A, Mezni, F, Slim, L, Khelil, J, Besbes, M, Marchalot, A, Beduneau, G, Carpentier, D, Besnier, E, Gastaldi, G, Abily, J, Beuzelin, M, Nay, M, Mankikian, J, Hervé, V, Soulie, M, Cronier, P, Kantor, E, Federici, L, Gilbert, M, Mezhari, I, Choukroun, G, Marque, S, Coppere, Z, Fulgencio, J, Blayau, C, Pham, T, Djibre, M, Reffienna, M, Lefort, S, Debue, A, Daviaud, F, Cabon, S, Addou, Z, Douah, A, Moussati, M, Belhabiche, K, Aouffen, N, Soulier, S, Mauriat, P, Tafer, N, Mortamet, G, Amaddeo, A, Khirani, S, Fauroux, B, Khanes, G, Liutko, O, Bidnenko, S, Doye, E, Voirin, N, Maucort Boulch, D, Kolev Descamp, K, Aouane, I, Essid, A, Hammami, W, Haegy, I, Bataille, J, Bergounioux, J, Morin, L, Ray, S, Maclaren, G, Nadel, S, Kneyber, M, Peters, M, Jansen, K, De Luca, D, Wilson, C, Schlapbach, L, Tissières, P, Girard, A, Savajols, E, Burguet, A, Semama, D, Litzler Renault, S, Fredj, H, Hassouna, M, Hechmi, Y, Cherif, M, Zouheir, J, Dernane, A, Bouakkaz, F, Taleb, L, Zeddine Mouhsen, A, Lyazidi, A, Richard, J, Mouhsen, A, Harmouchi, M, Rattal, M, Huck, M, Leclerc, T, Donat, N, Cirodde, A, Schaal, J, Masson, Y, Hoffmann, C, Cerland, L, Valentino, R, Chabartier, C, Villain Coquet, L, Ferge, J, Brouste, Y, Mehdaoui, H, Louriz, M, Madani, N, Amlaiky, F, Dendane, T, Abidi, K, Zekraoui, A, Zeggwagh, A, Abouqal, R, Brahim, A, Ferhi, F, Bouslama, M, Benjazia, K, Zeineb, A, Mahassen, D, Cadiet, J, Ferron, M, Prat, V, Erraud, A, Aillerie, V, Mevel, M, Grabherr, A, Chatham, J, Gauthier, C, Lauzier, B, Rozec, B, Joffre, J, Loyer, X, Lavillegrand, J, Zeboudj, L, Laurans, L, Esposito, B, Tedgui, A, Mallat, Z, Wei, C, Kattani, N, Louis, H, Orlowski, S, Tharaux, P, Burban, M, Meyer, G, Olland, A, Yver, B, Toti, F, Schini Kerth, V, Monnier, A, Leborgne, P, Meziani, F, Clavier, T, Paulus, M, Castel, H, Richard, V, Pons, S, Skurnik, D, Six, S, Jaffal, K, Vigneron, C, Large, A, Bador, J, Aho, S, Prin, S, Touil, Y, Ayed, S, Ali, H, Tilouch, N, Mateur, H, Talik, I, Gharbi, R, Hassen, M, Elatrous, S, Patry, I, Bertrand, X, Zahar, J, Essaied, W, Wolkewitz, M, Soued, M, Cook, F, Lobo, D, Mounier, R, Emirian, A, Decousser, J, Slaoui, M, Benslama, A, Valance, D, Allou, N, Allyn, J, Jean Bart, E, Bel, F, Morey, F, Sedillot, N, Biard, L, Galliot, R, Zunarelli, R, Gauzere, B, Cartier, J, Jouve, T, Hilleret, M, Hamidfar Roy, R, Ara Somohano, C, Minet, C, Pourcelet, A, Hougardy, J, Defrance, P, De Laforcade, L, Boyer, A, Gruson, D, Clouzeau, B, Hajjam, N, Nasri, H, Doghri, H, Mongardon, N, Levesque, E, Bastide, M, Richecoeur, J, Frenoy, E, Lemaire, C, Schortgen, F, Preau, S, Ehooman, F, Montlahuc, C, Bardon, J, Postel Vinay, N, Lafi, M, Prat, D, Le Meur, M, Moneger, G, Demars, N, Trouiller, P, Tencé, N, Zaien, I, Wolf, M, Allardet Servent, J, Lebsir, M, Dubroca, C, Portugal, M, Castanier, M, Signouret, T, Soundaravelou, R, Lepidi, A, Halfon, P, Seghboyan, J, Gamblin, C, Benturquia, N, Roussel, O, Chevillard, L, Risede, P, Callebert, J, Khelfa, M, Blel, Y, Thabet, H, Brahmi, N, Amamou, M, Le Louët, A, Baud, F, Le Beller, C, Vivien, B, Soufir, L, Le Louët, H, Essafi, F, Foudhaili, N, Slimen, A, Jabla, R, Hammed, H, Marzouk, M, Boujelbene, N, Dachraoui, F, Hachani, A, Abdallah, S, Lakhal, H, Ghribi, C, Ali, I, Abdellaoui, I, Ouanes Besbes, L, Abroug, F, Demiri, S, Lorut, C, Van Lang, D, Lefebvre, A, Alifano, M, Reignard, J, Samama, M, Dusser, D, Roche, N, Réminiac, F, Landel, C, Gensburger, S, Bocar, T, Mordier, L, Philippe, M, Le Pennec, D, Vecellio, L, Ehrmann, S, Poiroux, L, Thevoz, D, Simons, J, Roeseler, J, Loiez, A, Gérard, S, Dousse, N, L'Hotellier, S, Baumgarten, E, Borschneck, S, Kharcha, F, Ghander, C, Tresallet, C, Puymirat, E, Fagon, J, Aegerter, P, Diehl, J, Hauw Berlemont, C, Chatellier, G, Danchin, N, Aissaoui, N, Aissat, N, Bernard, R, Amour, J, Bouglé, A, Vidal, C, Nima, D, Shaida, V, Dorget, A, Bréchot, N, Toufiki, R, Mouaffak, Y, Adib, A, Amine, M, Moumine, S, Jonard, M, Ducloy Bouthors, A, Bouju, P, Barbarot, N, Gacouin, A, Fillatre, P, Grillet, G, Goepp, A, Clairet, A, Limat, S, Cornette, C, Fatnassi, A, Romdhani, C, Sammoud, W, Labbene, I, Ferjani, M, Taibi, H, Elatiqi, I, Iraqui, A, Cherkab, R, Haddad, W, Elkettani, C, Barrou, L, Cave, F, Doutrellot, P, Vaysse, B, Inan, M, Khelfoun, K, Nasserallah, M, Legrand Monteil, C, Tasseel Ponche, S, Kowalski, B, Guaguere, A, Boulle Geronimi, C, Masse, J, Vanbaelinghem, C, Herbecq, P, Mokline, A, Draief, S, Gharsallah, L, Rahmani, I, Gasri, B, Tlaili, S, Hammouda, R, Messadi, A, Michel, P, Gelée, B, Fadel, F, Thuong, M, Ait Aoudia, S, Laddi, S, Sahraoui, M, Muller, M, Faucher, A, Hermann, B, Berlemont, C, Arnaout, M, Busson, J, Dhumeaux, J, Ericher, N, Lucas, P, Dumas, M, Chapelle, C, Philippon Jouve, B, Morel, J, Beuret, P, Bureau, C, Poitou, T, Petua, P, Prades, A, Basty, M, Monet, C, Mounet, B, Futier, E, Leroux, A, Oudinot, X, Laurent, M, 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Deboscker, S, Harley, M, Lavigne, T, Brunet, J, Canoville, B, Lellouche, F, L'Her, E, Bouchard, P, Delorme, M, Elfaramawy, T, Gosselin, B, Guegan, S, Michotte, J, Staderini, E, Dugernier, J, Rusu, R, Liistro, G, Reychler, G, Simon, M, Essoukaki, E, Duprez, F, Contal, O, Trabelsi, B, Garsallah, H, Harira, K, Rafat, C, Mariotte, E, Le Jeune, C, Roy, P, Michallet, M, Zerbib, Y, Blot, F, Bornstain, C, Gelinotte, S, Rigaud, J, Tamion, F, Bouteloup, M, Nouira, H, Boisramé Helms, J, Degirmenci, S, Kummerlen, C, Delile, E, Thiébaut, P, Do Rego, J, Coquerel, D, Nevière, R, Ichou, L, Carbonell, N, Rautou, P, Nousbaum, J, Renou, C, Anty, R, Landraud, L, Lecron, J, Helary, M, Paillot, J, Pili Floury, S, Khedher, S, Maoui, A, Ezzamouri, A, Salem, M, Kerdjana, L, Dumitrescu, M, Mimoz, O, Debaene, B, Migeot, V, Dahyot Fizelier, C, Champigneulle, B, Zafrani, L, Lascarrou, J, Lissonde, F, Le Thuaut, A, Reignier, J, Platon, L, Lambert, J, Lagier, D, Brun, J, Sannini, A, Chow Chine, L, Bisbal, M, Faucher, M, Mokart, D, la Mourtada, L, Virgnie, L, Gaudet, A, Parmentier Decrucq, E, De Freitas Caires, N, Dubucquoi, S, Lassalle, P, Mathieu, D, Tapponnier, R, Quintin, L, Pichot, C, Petitjeans, F, Guillon, A, Jouan, Y, Breah, D, Gueugnon, F, Dalloneau, E, Baranek, T, Henry, C, Morello, E, Renauld, J, Pichavant, M, Gosset, P, Courty, Y, Diot, P, Si Tahar, M, Tadié, J, Vuillard, C, La Combe, B, Ponsin, P, Boddaert, G, Grand, B, Baudoin, Y, Bonnet, S, Snouda, S, Abbes, M, Benchiekh, I, Sedghiani, I, Maaroufi, N, Belayachi, J, Debono, L, Auvet, A, Nadal Desbarats, L, Tankovic, J, Dahoumane, R, Oufella, H, Offenstadt, G, Filali, A, Faure, E, Van Grunderbeeck, N, Nigeon, O, Bazus, H, Mallat, J, Thevenin, D, Lempereur Legros, S, Ledoux, D, Nys, M, Clermont, O, Aubry, A, Fernandes, R, Venot, M, Garnaud, C, Cornet, M, Pavese, P, Foroni, L, Boisset, S, le Maubon, D, Abid, M, Ezzouine, H, Edith, C, Sztrymf, B, Brunot, V, Serre, J, Landreau, L, Jean Michel, V, Couturaud, F, Moore, E, Egreteau, P, Boles, J, Herbrecht, J, Kaeuffer, C, Meyer, A, Arfi, K, Lesage, F, Séguret, S, Dupic, L, De Saint Blanquat, L, Baptiste, A, Georges, H, Delannoy, P, Devos, P, Albarracin, D, Ducousso Lacaze, A, Dufour, J, Cabasson, S, Veinstein, A, Chatellier, D, Robert, R, Ha, V, Lau, N, Mimoun, L, Forceville, X, Maamar, A, Chevalier, S, Botoc, V, Rouleau, S, Desachy, A, Calvat, S, Lafon, C, Cracco, C, Temime, J, Molmy, P, Gasan, G, Béranger, A, Chappuy, H, Bertrand, P, Beurton, A, Bodet Contentin, L, Danin, P, Dubois, E, Karaca, Y, Mora, P, Vodovar, D, Desbrosses, Y, Chauchet, A, Daguindau, E, Deconinck, E, Chermak, A, Baron, M, Calvet, L, Sapin, A, Pereira, B, Vettoretti, L, Lacroix, J, Clayton, L, Sabri, E, Bardiaux, L, Tiberghien, P, Hebert, P, Lengliné, E, Socié, G, Borcoman, E, Rusinova, K, Del Galy, A, Mercier, M, Hamel, J, Raveau, T, Moles, M, Clavert, A, Hunault Berger, M, Ifrah, N, Schmidt Tanguy, A, Carreira, S, Lavault, S, Pallanca, O, Morawiec, E, Arnulf, I, D'Humières, T, Carrié, C, Gisbert Mora, C, Bonnardel, E, Biais, M, Hilbert, G, Joannon, T, Marincamp, A, Chiche, J, Ferre, A, Lichtenstein, D, Meziere, G, Gonzalez, C, Hamzaoui, O, Geffriaud, T, Leleu, F, Boissier, F, Cuquemelle, E, Lim, P, Amara, R, Léger, J, Jacob, C, Bouferache, K, Ragot, C, Corradi, L, Maurice, L, Julliand, S, Deho, A, Le Bourgeois, F, Jacquot, A, Valla, F, Letois, F, Salvadori, A, Ottonello, G, Blanot, S, Montmayeur, J, Orliaguet, G, Tarmiz, K, Habas, F, Baleine, J, Lebouhellec, J, Combes, C, Chomton, M, Jouvet, P, Ranchin, B, Macher, M, Gaillot, T, Moine, M, Ageron, F, Jannel, C, Debillon, T, Wroblewski, I, Duprey, M, Jarlier, V, Luyt, C, Longval, T, Schnell, D, Padoin, C, Cohen, Y, Gaies, E, Triki, S, Klouz, A, Moussa, M, Desrumaux, F, May, F, Nguyen, J, Tiercelet, K, Fournier, J, Cherin, M, Kitzis, M, Misset, B, Mathien, C, Poidevin, A, Donatti, L, Mootien, J, Pinto, L, Egard, M, Bodur, G, Barberet, G, Ionescu, C, Ganster, F, Guiot, P, Kuteifan, K, Mpela, A, Chelly, J, Guérin, L, Persichini, R, Hullin, T, Deye, N, Aubertein, P, Paul, M, Bougouin, W, Sandroni, C, Passouant, O, Llitjos, J, Chenevier Gobeaux, C, Batteux, F, Drouet, L, Voicu, S, Henry, P, Dillinger, J, Resiere, D, Dessoy, A, Faivre, V, Damoisel, C, Stiel, L, Galoisy, A, Mauvieux, L, Zobairi, F, Angles Cano, E, Piau, C, Jeannet, R, Feuillard, J, Jolly, L, Boufenzer, A, Carrasco, K, Derive, M, Merdji, H, Belaidouni, N, Toubiana, J, L'Hermitte, Y, Woimant, F, Oppenheim, C, Couvreur, C, Dolveck, F, Devriese, M, Dupeyrat, S, Ray, P, Lefevre, G, Fartoukh, M, Roothaer, N, Carpentier, A, Vaniet, F, Maisonneuve, A, Wiel, E, Canu, S, Hammad, E, Antonini, F, Poirier, M, Vigne, C, Haddam, M, Alingrin, J, Dangers, L, Mangiapan, G, Huet, I, Dhalluin, X, Bautin, N, Quiot, J, De Vecchi, C, Chenivesse, C, Smaoui, M, El Alami, E, Weiss, N, Mochel, F, Galanaud, D, Puybasset, L, Lodey, M, Guiller, E, Vuillaume, C, De Pasquale, F, Demonet, J, Sinnah, F, Dalloz, M, D'Ortho, M, Rouvel Tallec, A, Couret, D, Catan, A, Nativel, B, Planesse, C, Diotel, N, Meilhac, O, Roy Gash, F, Lebard, C, Larbi, A, Gaudin, V, Bonnin, F, Sultan, O, Hoc, C, Mathieu, E, Lapergue, B, Bourdain, F, Caron, M, Parrot, A, Labbe, V, Hafiani, E, Quesnel, C, Genay, S, Décaudin, B, Ethgen, S, Odou, P, Lebuffe, G, Mcquilte, Z, Allaouchiche, B, Verdière, B, Nyunga, M, Banaias, N, Colling, D, Kauv, M, Blondeau, E, Auclin, E, Haw Berlemont, C, Taieb, J, Oudard, S, Morissette, G, Kechaou, W, Litalien, C, Merouani, A, Phan, V, Bouchard, J, Starck, J, Briand, N, Sachs, P, Angoulvant, F, Sommet, J, Holvoet, L, Benkerrou, M, Dreyfus, L, Bordet, F, Touzet, S, Denis, A, Le Coz, J, Chéron, G, Nabbout, R, Patteau, G, Heilbronner, C, Hubert, P, Oualha, M, Crulli, B, Toledano, B, Poirier, N, Vobecky, S, Khouadja, H, Vinet, M, Vinclair, C, Beloncle, F, Radermacher, P, Asfar, P, Coupez, E, Bohé, J, Shinotsuka, C, Caironi, P, Villois, P, Fontana, V, Creteur, J, Pourcine, F, Vong, L, Weyer, C, Akando, B, Abdallah, R, Wetzstein, M, Antier, N, Serroukh, Y, Boudjeltia, K, Joosten, A, Rousseau, A, Delabranche, X, Grunebaum, L, Mootien, Y, Gaci, R, Garric, J, Delbove, A, Darreau, C, Dargent, A, Soudry Faure, A, De Chambrun, M, Demondion, P, Blanchard, J, Chocron, S, Meneveau, N, Corsi, F, Meynieu, P, Repusseau, B, Germain, A, Baudry, G, Hierle, L, Besch, G, Thomas, G, Cassir, N, Dizier, S, Roch, A, Trebbia, G, Govindaradjou, K, Devaquet, J, Picard, C, Parquin, F, Leguen, M, Felten, M, Sage, E, Chapelier, A, Duruisseaux, M, Fleury, J, Antoine, M, Carette, M, Wislez, M, Givel, C, De Margerie Mellon, C, De Kerviler, E, Tandjaoui Lambiotte, Y, Freynet, O, Baux, E, Das, V, Talec, P, Anguel, N, Louis, G, Girerd, N, Tallon, P, Hadchouel Duvergé, A, Salvi, N, Cairet, P, Delacourt, C, Blandine, B, Beraud, L, Lamaziere, A, Lionnet, F, Lehingue, S, D'Journo, X, Jean Marie, F, Thibault, R, Makhlouf, A, Mulliez, A, Dadet, S, Kekstas, G, Preiser, J, Rotovnik, K, Rozalen, I, Kupczyk, K, Krznaric, Z, Cano, N, Pichard, C, Le Roux, B, Jotterand, C, Rooze, S, Moullet, C, Henin, A, Ettori, F, Zemmour, C, Boher, J, Feltry, A, Ben, S, Audibert, J, Conia, A, Gontier, O, Hamrouni, M, Lherm, T, Ouchenir, A, Rétif, J, Proudhom, A, Lagardere, C, Tissot, S, Kalfon, P, Sacre, L, Villa, A, Khadija, A, Garnier, R, Vasset, B, Heinzelman, A, Jouffroy, R, Durand, E, Compagnon, P, Jebri, A, Legout, C, Castot Villepelet, A, Valade, S, Lesieur, O, Delmas, B, Visseaux, B, Cohen, J, Nguyen, L, Morbieu, C, Burdet, C, Lescure, F, Armand Lefevre, L, Yazdanpanah, Y, Houhou Fidouh, N, Cazaux, M, Goff Jérôme, L, Meignin, V, Boutboul, D, Rispail, P, Besnard, N, Ceballos, P, Stoclin, A, Rotolo, F, Wartelle, M, Hicheri, Y, Maillet, S, Chachaty, E, Pignon, J, Bialais, E, Julie, D, Paoloni, L, Wittebolle, X, Hickmann, C, Castanares Zapatero, D, Tordeur, A, Colmant, L, Wittebole, X, Tirone, G, Laterre, P, Ducroux, L, Kemlin, C, Moulton, E, Rosso, C, Le Neindre, A, Mongodi, S, Bouhemad, B, Rodrigues, J, Botteau, C, Waroquier, F, Christiaens, K, Vantrimpont, F, Elkhawand, C, Vermeesh, F, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Eloi, Clermont Université-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: outcome, critically ill patients with hematological malignancy and central neurological failure, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Meeting Abstracts, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Intensive care, Critical care nursing, Anesthesiology, International congress, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Table of contents PHYSICIANS ABSTRACTS O1 Impact of tracheal cuff shape on microaspiration of gastric contents in intubated critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled study (BEST CUFF) Emmanuelle Jaillette, Christophe Girault, Guillaume Brunin, Farid Zerimech, Arnaud Chiche, Céline Broucqsault-Dedrie, Cyril Fayolle, Franck Minacori, Isabelle Alves, Stephanie Barrailler, Laurent Robriquet, Fabienne Tamion, Emmanuel Delaporte, Damien Thellier, Claire Delcourte, Alain Duhamel, Saad Nseir O2 Bicarbonate versus saline for contrast-induced acute kidney injury prevention in critically ill patients Xavier Valette, Isabelle Desmeulles, Benoit Savary, Romain Masson, Amélie Seguin, Cédric Daubin, Bertrand Sauneuf, Jennifer Brunet, Pierre Verrier, Véronique Pottier, Marie Orabona, Désiré Samba, Gérald Viquesnel, Mathilde Lermuzeaux, Pascal Hazera, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Damien Du Cheyron O3 Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in the early phase of weaning from mechanical ventilation: a multicenter randomized study Alexandre Demoule, Marc Clavel, Camille Rolland-Debord, Sébastien Perbet, Nicolas Terzi, Achille Kouatchet, Florent Wallet, Hadrien Roze, Frédéric Vargas, Claude Guérin, Jean Dellamonica, Samir Jaber, Thomas Similowski O4 Very high volume hemofiltration with the Cascade system in septic shock patients Jean-Pierre Quenot, Christine Binquet, Christophe Vinsonneau, Saber-Davide Barbar, Sandrine Vinault,, Valérie Deckert, Stephanie Lemaire, Ali Ait Hssain, Rémi Bruyère, Bertrand Souweine, Laurent Lagrost, Christophe Adrie O5 Effect of rapid response systems on hospital mortality, a prospective interventional study and systematic review Boris Jung, Aurelien Daurat, Audrey De Jong, Gérald Chanques, Martin Mahul,, Marion Monnin, Nicolas Molinari, Samir Jaber O6 Beta-lactams serum concentrations in critically ill cirrhotic patients: a matched control study Olivier Lheureux, Eric Trepo, Maya Hites, Frederic Cotton, Fleur Wolff, Rudy Surin, Jacques Créteur, Jean-Louis Vincent, Thierry Gustot, Frederique Jacobs, Fabio Silvio Taccone O7 Systematic overdosing of oxa- and cloxacillin in severe infections treated in ICU: Risk factors and side effects Mathilde Neuville, Jean-François Timsit, Najoua El-Helali, Alban Le Monnier, Eric Magalhaes, Aguila Radjou, Roland Smonig, Jean-François Soubirou, Guillaume Voiriot, Romain Sonneville, Lila Bouadma, Bruno Mourvillier O8 Amikacin peak concentrations in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support: a case–control study Elodie Gélisse, Mathilde Neuville, Etienne De Montmollin, Guillaume Voiriot, Jean-François Soubirou, Roland Smonig, Aguila Radjou, Eric Magalhaes, Lila Bouadma, Bruno Mourvillier, Jean-François Timsit, Romain Sonneville O9 A high aminoglycoside regimen associated with renal replacement therapy for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant pathogens Alexandre Brasseur, Maya Hites, Sandrine Roisin, Frederic Cotton, Jean-Louis Vincent, Daniel De Backer, Frederique Jacobs, Fabio Silvio Taccone O10 Optimization of administration of vancomycin in septic patients: a prospective randomized study Valerie Van Ruychevelt, Eric Carlier, Michael Piagnerelli, Michel Vanhaeverbeek, Christine Danguy, Patrick Biston O11 Impact of elevated intra-abdominal pressure on the ability of dynamic parameters to predict fluid responsiveness Siu-Ming Au, Emmanuelle Begot, François Dalmay, Xavier Repessé, Gwenael Prat, Koceila Bouferrache, Michel Slama, Philippe Vignon, Antoine Vieillard-Baron O12 Passive leg raising for predicting fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis Xavier Monnet, Paul Marik, Jean-Louis Teboul O13 Predicting volume responsiveness by using combined end-expiratory and end-inspiratory occlusion tests with echocardiography Mathieu Jozwiak, Jean-Louis Teboul, Christian Richard, Xavier Monnet O14 Early dynamic left intraventricular obstruction is associated with hypovolemia and hight mortality in septic shock patients Jean-Louis Chauvet, Shari El-Dash, Olivier Delastre, Bernard Bouffandeau, Dominique Jusserand, Jean-Baptiste Michot, Fabrice Bauer, Julien Maizel, Michel Slama O15 Predictive factors for poor hemodynamic tolerance to fluid removal in ICU: the DepleRea study François Brazier, Pablo Mercado, Loay Kontar, Dimitri Titeca, Bertand De Cagny, Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Antoine Riviere, Michel Slama, Julien Maizel O16 High-flow nasal cannula: first-line treatment of noninvasive ventilation for infants with bronchiolitis. Applicability and risk factors for failure Camille Guillot, Claire Le Reun, Marie Lampin, Ahmed Sadik, Astrid Botte, Alain Duhamel, Stéphane Leteurtre O17 Is high-flow nasal cannula better than nasal continuous positive airway pressure for bronchiolitis management in pediatric intensive care unit? Aurélie Collins, Céline Kempeneers, Nathalie Cajgfinger O18 Interest and risk of high-flow cannula during acute hypoxemic pneumonia in children: a retrospective study Camille Ohlmann, Robin Pouyau, Fabien Subtil, Florent Baudin, Bruno Massenavette, Etienne Javouhey O19 Interest of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) during the initial management of severe bronchiolitis in infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trial Christophe Milesi, Sandrine Essouri, Robin Pouyau,, Jean-Michel Liet, Mickael Afanetti, Julien Baleine, Sabine Durand, Philippe Durand, Etienne Javouhey, Jean Christophe Roze, Didier Dupont, Gilles Cambonie O20 Outcome of severe cerebral venous thrombosis in intensive care unit: a cohort study Benjamin Soyer, Marco Rusca, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Isabelle Crassard, Jean-Pierre Guichard, Damien Bresson, Didier Payen de la Garanderie O21 Brain lesion spectrum characterization in an experimental model of infective endocarditis Marie Cantier, Candice Sabben, Liliane Louedec, Sandrine Delbosc, Clément Journé, Phalla Ou, Isabelle Klein, Françoise Chau, Agnes Lefort, Jean-Philippe Desilles, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Romain Sonneville, Mikaël Mazighi O22 Outcome of patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted in intensive care unit Omar Ben Hadj Salem, Sophie Demeret, Alexandre Demoule, Thomas Similowski, Francis Bolgert, Tarek Sharshar, David Grabli O23 Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate concentrations after subarachnoid hemorrhage Safa Arib, Ilaria Alice Crippa, Jacques Créteur, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fabio Silvio Taccone O24 Spontaneous angionegative subarachnoidal hemorrhage: neurological outcome based on a retrospective study of 68 patients Alexis Soummer, Nicolas Engrand, Pierre Guedin, Grégoire Trebbia, Sorin Aldea, Charles Cerf O25 Serious game evaluation of a one-hour training basic life support session for secondary school students: new tools for future bystanders Victoire Desailly, Pierre Pasquier, Patrick Brun, Damien Roux, Jonathan Messika, Gwendoline Latournerie, Laetitia Kasprzyk, Vincent Grosjean, Amine Latreche, Pierre Habert, Stephane Huot, Timon Jobin, Antoine Tesnière, Didier Dreyfuss, Jean-Damien Ricard, Alexandre Mignon, Stéphane Gaudry O26 Refractory out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest treated by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A retrospective single-center experience from 2012 to 2015. CARECMO program (Cardiac ARrest Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation) François-Xavier Laithier, Antoine Kimmoun, Tahar Chouihed, Stéphane Albizzati, Edoardo Camenzind, Fabrice Vanhuyse, Bruno Levy O27 Decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Martin Cour, Fabienne Venet, Romain Hernu, Julie Demaret, Guillaume Monneret, Laurent Argaud O28 Is emergent PCI associated with a clinical benefit in post-cardiac arrest patients without ST-segment elevation pattern? Insights from the PROCAT II registry Florence Dumas, Wulfran Bougouin, Guillaume Geri, Lionel Lamhaut, Julien Rosencher, Frédéric Pène, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Olivier Varenne, Pierre Carli, Xavier Jouven, Jean-Paul Mira, Christian Spaulding, Alain Cariou O29 Predictors of long-term quality of life after cardiac arrest: insights from the Parisian registry Guillaume Geri, Florence Dumas, Franck Bonnetain,, Wulfran Bougouin, Benoit Champigneulle, Michel Arnaout, Pierre Carli, Eloi Marijon, Olivier Varenne, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean Philippe Empana, Alain Cariou O30 Red blood cell transfusions in early resuscitation of severe sepsis and septic shock in patients with hematological malignancies Adrien Mirouse, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Virginie Lemiale, Djamel Mokart, François Vincent, Julien Mayaux, Antoine Rabbat, Martine Nyunga, Anne Pascale Meert, Dominique Benoit, Achille Kouatchet, Michaël Darmon, Fabrice Bruneel, Elie Azoulay, Frédéric Pène O31 Causal effect of transfusion on mortality and other adverse events among critically ill septic patients: an observational study with a marginal structural model Claire Dupuis, Michaël Darmon, Carole Schwebel, Elie Azoulay, Romain Sonneville, Lila Bouadma, Roland Smonig, Yves Cohen, Stéphane Ruckly, Christophe Adrie, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Sébastien Bailly, Guillaume Marcotte, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Jean-François Timsit O32 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the intensive care unit Antoine Lafarge, Claire Pichereau, Sandrine Valade, Marion Venot, Akli Chermak, Igor Theodose, Marion Scotto, Delphine Kemlin, Claire Givel, Leïla Mourtada, Etienne Ghrenassia, Emmanuel Canet, Virginie Lemiale, Benoît Schlemmer, Elie Azoulay, Eric Mariotte O33 Pre-ICU location, lead time bias and outcomes in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies Damien Vimpere, Sandrine Valade, Marion Venot, Claire Pichereau, Akli Chermak, Virginie Lemiale, Emmanuel Canet, Lionel Galicier, Elie Azoulay, Eric Mariotte O34 Septic shocks with no early etiological diagnosis: a multicenter prospective cohort study (the shock 24 study) Damien Contou, Damien Roux, Sebastien Jochmans, Remi Coudroy, Emmanuel Guérot, David Grimaldi, Sylvie Ricome, Eric Maury, Gaëtan Plantefève, Julien Mayaux, Armand Mekontso Dessap, Christian Brun-Buisson, Nicolas de Prost O35 Respective contribution of diaphragm and limbs muscles weakness on weaning from mechanical ventilation outcome Alexandre Demoule, Bruno-Pierre Dubé, Julien Mayaux, Julie Delemazure, Thomas Similowski, Martin Dres O36 Impact of sleep quality on the duration of weaning from mechanical ventilation Ludivine Rousseau, Xavier Drouot, Véronique Diaz, Yohann Rebollar, Jean-Pierre Frat, Remi Coudroy, René Robert, Arnaud, W Thille, Groupe ALIVE O37 Integrative ultrasound assessment of lung, cardiac and diaphragm function during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress Dalinda Ait Aissa, Pierre Coquet, Jean Ruiz, Fabrice Ferre, Lucille Hoarau, Béatrice Riu-Poulenc, Benoit Bataille, Stein Silva O38 ETCO2 improved outcome prediction of mechanical ventilation weaning Jean-Luc Baudel, Simon Bourcier, Claire Pichereau, Naïke Bigé, Jalel Tahiri, Vincent Dubée, Bertrand Guidet, Eric Maury, Hafid Ait-Oufella O39 Characteristics of 150 cases of weaning-induced pulmonary oedema and effects of diuretics Liu Jinglun, Feng Shen, Jean-Louis Teboul, Christian Richard, Xavier Monnet O40 Antifungal de-escalation was not associated with adverse outcome in critically ill patients treated for invasive candidiasis Sébastien Bailly, Olivier Leroy, Philippe Montravers, Jean-Michel Constantin, Hervé Dupont, Didier Guillemot, Olivier Lortholary, Jean-Paul Mira, Pierre-François Perrigault, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit O41 Intensive care acquired pneumonia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) among patients with prior colonization: Frequency, risk factors and prognosis Keyvan Razazi, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Chloe Jansen, Nicolas de Prost, Christian Brun-Buisson O42 Epidemiology, characteristics and outcomes of septic critically ill patients after the removal of a totally implantable venous-access ports Marie Lecronier, Valade Sandrine, Naïke Bigé, Nicolas de Prost, Damien Roux, Jean-Damien Ricard, Eric Maury, Julien Mayaux, Elie Azoulay, Alexandre Demoule, Martin Dres O43 Genetic risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia: the EXTENSE study Jean-Paul Mira, Sophie Blein, Nathalie Marin, Christophe Rousseau, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Alexandre Pachot O44 Cytomegalovirus reactivation enhances the virulence of a Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in a mouse model Sami Hraiech, Julien Bordes, Samuel Lehingue, Lamballerie Xavier De, Jean-Louis Mège, Jean-Marie Forel, Christophe Guervilly, Mélanie Adda, Didier Raoult, Laurent Papazian O45 Families looking back: meaning-making after a decision to accept or refuse organ donation. A qualitative approach Nancy Kentish-Barnes, Zoé Cohen-Solal, Elie Azoulay O46 The letter of condolence at the heart of family centered care. A qualitative approach of relatives’ experience Nancy Kentish-Barnes, Zoé Cohen-Solal, Virginie Souppart, Elie Azoulay O47 Use of a children information booklet to support young relatives visiting a critically ill adult: impact on ICU practices Lionel Kerhuel, Carole Haubertin, Isabelle Exbrayat, Elodie Rozières, Audrey Argain, Agnès Suc, Michel Vignes, Pierre Cougot, Béatrice Riu-Poulenc, Stein Silva, Olivier Fourcade, Elodie Brunel O48 Withdrawal of life-support therapies reporting in ICU randomized controlled trial: Let us move to a transparent reporting—a systematic review Jonathan Messika, Stéphane Gaudry, Florence Tubach, Emeline Dubief, Blandine Pasquet, Sylvie Guillo, Didier Dreyfuss, Jean-Damien Ricard O49 Gasp during children end-of-life: healthcare providers’ feelings and knowledge Charlotte Pierron, Marion Grimaud, Caroline Farnoux, Amélie Maillard O50 Prognosis of malignant primary brain tumors in intensive care unit Maxens Decavèle, Nicolas Weiss, Hélène Prodanovic, Julien Mayaux, Ahmed Idbaih, Agusti Alentorn, Jean-Yves Delattre, Thomas Similowski, Alexandre Demoule O51 Impact of early immunomodulating treatment on outcome of adult patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis requiring intensive care: a multicentre study with prospective long-term follow-up Etienne De Montmollin, Sophie Demeret, Noelle Brule, Marie Conrad, Frédéric Dailler, Nicolas Lerolle, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Carole Schwebel, Mikael Alves, Martin Cour, Nicolas Engrand, Jean-Marie Tonnelier, Stephane Ruckly, Géraldine Picard, Véronique Rogemond, Jean-François Timsit, Jérôme Honnorat, Romain Sonneville, ENCEPHALITICA study group O52 Determinants of outcome in critically ill patients with hematological malignancy and central neurological failure: data from the TRIAL OH study Chiara Marzorati, Virginie Lemiale, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Pène, Achille Kouatchet, Julien Mayaux, François Vincent, Martine Nyunga, Fabrice Bruneel, Antoine Rabbat, Christine Lebert, Pierre Perez, Dominique Benoit, Giuseppe Citerio, Elie Azoulay, Stéphane Legriel O53 Ammonemia predicts severity and outcome in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy in ICU Simona Tripon, Maxime Mallet, Marika Rudler, Francoise Imbert-Bismut, Dominique Thabut, Nicolas Weiss O54 Acute varicella zoster encephalitis admitted to the ICU: a case series of 47 patients Emmanuel Canet, Adrien Mirouse, Romain Sonneville, Laurent Argaud, Stanislas Faguer, Keyvan Razazi, Claude Guérin, Pierre Perez, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Claire Pichereau, François Barbier, Sybille Merceron, Amélie Seguin, Julien Mayaux, Guillaume Geri, Christophe Guitton, Francois Labadie, Elie Azoulay O55 High-flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients Virginie Lemiale, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Pène, Etienne Faucher, Christophe Guitton, Antoine Rabbat, Christophe Girault, Achille Kouatchet, François Vincent, Fabrice Bruneel, Martine Nyunga, Amélie Seguin, Kada Klouche, Sylvie Chevret, Elie Azoulay, Groupe de Recherche en Reanimation Respiratoire du patient d’Onc-hématologie O56 High-flow oxygen therapy through a nasal cannula in immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure Jean-Pierre Frat, Stéphanie Ragot, Christophe Girault, Remi Coudroy, René Robert, Jean-Michel Constantin, Gwenael Prat, Thierry Boulain, Angéline Jamet,, Alain Mercat, Laurent Brochard, Arnaud, W. Thille O57 Prospective validations of the PASTEIL score to assess the clinical pretest probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP) in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) and acute respiratory failure (ARF) Elie Azoulay, Sylvie Chevret, Antoine Roux, Etienne Faucher, François Vincent, Antoine Rabbat, Achille Kouatchet, Frédéric Pène, Julien Mayaux, Pierre Perez, Martine Nyunga, Christophe Guitton, Fabrice Bruneel, Kada Klouche, Djamel Mokart, Virginie Lemiale O58 Bedside contribution of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to set mechanical ventilation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Guillaume Franchineau, Nicolas Brechot, Guillaume Lebreton, Guillaume Hekimian, Ania Nieszkowska, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Pascal Leprince, Jean Louis Trouillet, Alain Combes, Matthieu Schmidt O59 Liberal oxygenation versus restrictive oxygenation in ICU patients: effects on proinflammatory cytokines, sRAGE and organ dysfunctions - results of an ancillary study Loïc Barrot, Gaël Piton, Michael Bailey, Rakshit Panwar, Nicolas Belin, François Belon,, Cyrille Patry, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Mathilde Grandperrin, Claire Chaignat, Guylaine Labro, Bérengère Vivet, Gilles Capellier O60 Immature granulocyte level at the acute phase of sepsis, a potential prognostic marker of clinical deterioration. The Septiflux 2 multicenter trial Thomas Daix, Estelle Guérin, Elsa Tavernier, Emmanuelle Mercier, Valérie Gissot, Christine Vallejo, Jean-Paul Mira, Christophe Guitton, Bruno François, Septiflux trial Group O61 Analysis of microbiome and resistome using next-generation sequencing in urine samples from patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock Céline Ravry, Bruno François, Emmanuelle Begot, Nicolas Pichon, Catherine Chapellas, Anne-Laure Fedou, Antoine Galy, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Olivier Barraud, Philippe Vignon O62 Patients metabolomic profiles at intensive care admission Aurelie Thooft, Raphael Conotte, Jean-Marie Colet, Patrick Biston, Michael Piagnerelli O63 Lymphocyte phenotype during severe sepsis and septic shock Matthieu Le Dorze, Virginie Tarazona,, Caren Brumpt,, Hélène Moins-Teisserenc,, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Didier Payen de la Garanderie O64 Myeloid-derived suppressor cells expressing arginase-1 and IDO play a major role in immune dysfunction during septic shock Fabrice Uhel, Imane Azzaoui,, Murielle Gregoire, Céline Pangault, Joëlle Dulong,, Luc Cynober,, Jean-Marc Tadié, Mikaël Roussel,, Yves Le Tulzo, Karin Tarte O65 Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis admitted to the intensive care unit: a multicenter study Julien Demiselle,, Johann Auchabie,, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Pierre François Dequin, Damien Du Cheyron, Michaël Darmon, Nicolas Chudeau, Guillaume Geri, René Robert, François Fourrier, Steven Grange, Christophe Guitton, Lise Piquilloud, Alexandre Lautrette, Sonia Boyer, Emmanuel Guérot, Julien Letheulle, Nicolas Lerolle O66 Continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis: impact on mortality and renal recovery Anne Sophie Truche, Michaël Darmon, Sébastien Bailly, Christophe Clec’h, Claire Dupuis, Benoit Misset, Elie Azoulay, Carole Schwebel, Lila Bouadma, Christophe Adrie, Guillaume Marcotte, Philippe Zaoui, Virginie Laurent, Dany Goldgran Toledano, Romain Sonneville, Bertrand Souweine, Jean-François Timsit O67 Hospital survival and need of renal replacement therapy with respect to AKI duration in critically ill patients: results of a multicenter cohort study Sophie Perinel Ragey, Anne Sophie Truche, Bertrand Souweine, Sébastien Bailly, Elie Azoulay, Lila Bouadma, Christophe Clec’h, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Antoine Gros, Carole Schwebel, Christophe Adrie, Anne Sylvie Dumenil, Laurent Argaud, Samir Jamali, Dany Goldgran Toledano, Guillaume Marcotte, Michaël Darmon, Jean-François Timsit, For the OUTCOMEREA study group O68 Early versus delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy in septic acute kidney injury: a retrospective study Mikhael Chouraqui, Antoine Dewitte, Brigitte Chastel, Pauline Carles, Catherine Fleureau, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Alexandre Ouattara O69 Renal recovery after severe acute kidney injury in critically ill myeloma patients Adrien Joseph, Marion Venot, Sandrine Valade, Eric Mariotte, Claire Pichereau, Akli Chermak, Virginie Lemiale, Elie Azoulay, Emmanuel Canet O70 Impact of proactive nurse participation in ICU family conferences: a Mixed-Method Study Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Adeline Max, Talia Lerin, Charles Grégoire, Stephane Ruckly, Martin Kloeckner, Cédric Bruel, Sandie Brochon, Francois Philippart, Emmanuelle Pichot, Clara Simons, Jean-François Timsit, Benoit Misset O71 Duration of platelet storage and outcome of critically ill patients Andrew Flint, Cécile Aubron, Michael Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, David Pilcher, Allen Cheng, Colin Hegarty, Anthony Martinelli, Benjamin Howden, Michael Reade, Zoe Mcquilten O72 REA-C-SUR safety culture in intensive care in France: is there a link with morbi-mortality conferences? Cédric Bretonnière, Daniel Villers, Christophe Guitton, Groupe RMM, Qualité et Sécurité des Soins - CBPR-CFAR O73 Survival of critically ill solid cancer patients: results of a retrospective multicentre study M Soares, Virginie Lemiale, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Gonzalez, Fabrice Bruneel, Yves Cohen, Elie Azoulay, Michaël Darmon, François Vincent, for the GrrrOH: Groupe de recherche en réanimation respiratoire en Onco-Hématologie (Group for Research in Respiratory Intensive Care Onco-Hematology) O74 Encouraging results of the French controlled donation after circulatory death Maastricht category III Program Clémence Fauché, Michel Muller, Samuel Gay, Olivier Skowron, Albrice Levrat, Didier Dorez O75 Clinical significance of cardiac troponin I release in severe trauma patients Maxens Decavèle, Arnaud Foucrier, Sebastian Pease, Tobias Gauss, Catherine Paugam O76 The modified Glasgow prognostic score is helpful in screening lung cancer patient at risk of hospitalization at the emergency department Julie Gorham, Lieveke Ameye, Marianne Paesmans, Thierry Berghmans, Jean-Paul Sculier, Anne-Pascale Meert O77 Relationship between body mass index classes and massive transfusion needs in trauma patients and predictive performance of the TASH score in obese and non-obese populations: a retrospective study on 910 trauma patients Audrey De Jong, Pauline Deras, Orianne Martinez, Pascal Latry, Samir Jaber, Xavier Capdevila, Jonathan Charbit O78 The Eschmann stylet as first tracheal access tool during emergency difficult tracheal intubation: An initial simulation trial followed by a clinical study Jaubert J., Celia Etiennar, Lucie Ginoux, Jean-Luc Sebbah, Hakim Haouache, Gilles Dhonneur O79 Maternal mortality risk factors for eclampsia Chaigar Mohammed Cheikh, I. Moussaid, O. Ghazaoui, Kamal Belkadi, S. El Youssoufi, S. Salmi O80 Use of aminoglycosides in cirrhotic patients admitted in intensive care for severe sepsis or septic shock: short- and intermediate-term impact on renal function and mortality Laure Pajot, Benjamin Zuber, Carole Schwebel, Romain Sonneville, Benoit Misset, Michael Darmon, Guillaume Marcotte, Anne Sophie Truche, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Bertrand Souweine, Samir Jamali, Stephane Ruckly, Elie Azoulay, Christophe Clec’h, Jean Pierre Bedos, Jean-François Timsit, OutcomeRéa O81 Diagnostic yield and therapeutic impact of liver biopsy in the intensive care unit Bertrand Sauneuf, Benoit Dupont, Axelle Eugène, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Françoise Galateau-Sallé, Nicolas Terzi O82 Critically ill patients requiring liver transplantation: a 7-year monocentric retrospective experience Baptiste Michard, Benjamin Lebas, Alexandra Boivin, Max Guillot, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Marie-Line Harlay, Ralf Janssen-Langenstein, Maleka Schenck, Bernard Ellero, Marie-Lorraine Woehl-Jaegle, Camille Besch, Vincent Castelain, Philippe Bachellier, Francis Schneider O83 Hospital survival and access to liver transplantation of MARS-treated patients in France, 2004–2008: a retrospective multicenter study (RETROMARS) Christophe Camus, Fawzi Saliba, Bernard Goubaux, Agnès Bonadona, Laurence Lavayssiere, Catherine Paugam, Alice Quinart, Olivier Barbot, Sebastien Dharancy, Bertrand Delafosse, Nicolas Pichon, Helene Barraud, Arnaud Galbois, Benoit Veber, Sophie Cayot, Bruno Souche, Clara Locher, RETROMARS Study Group Olivier Roux, Francesco Figorilli, Antonella Putignano, Pauline Houssel, Claire Francoz, Emmanuel Weiss, Catherine Paugam, Banwari Agarwal, Rajiv Jalan, François Durand P1 Severe brain injuries: epidemiology and outcome in a Tunisian medical intensive care unit Hassen Ben Ghezala, Salah Snouda, Rebeh Daoudi, Moez Kaddour P2 Stroke prognosis in the ICU of the regional hospital of Bizerte and withhold and withdrawal treatment decisions Hatem Ghadhoune, E. Rachedi, J. Guissouma, A. Ben Slimene, W. Azzeza, H. Brahmi, H. Elghord P3 Brain death predictive factors for traumatic brain injury Ahmed Youssef Kada, Radia Chikh, Roza Slimani, Kheireddine.a Bouyoucef P4 Guillain–Barré syndrome in intensive care unit: epidemiology and prognostic factors: analysis of 30 patients Kais Regaieg, Chtara Kamilia, Najeh Baccouch, Olfa Turki, Anis Chaari, Hmida Chokri Ben, Mabrouk Bahloul, Mounir Bouaziz P5 Eclampsia: epidemiological and clinical study about 194 cases Fatma Kaaniche Medhioub, Najeh Baccouch, Manel Zekri, Kais Rgieg, Chokri Bhimada, Bouaziz Mounir P6 Neuroimagery in eclampsia and preclampsia Chaigar Mohammed Cheikh, I. Moussaid, Kamal Belkadi, O. Ghazaoui, S. El Youssoufi, S. Salmi P7 Interest of brain oxygen tension measurement (PbrO2) in the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage Elodie Lang, Stephane Welschbillig, Fabian Roy-Gash, Nicolas Engrand P8 Noninvasive ventilation: an alternative to the intubation during myasthenic crisis Mathilde Perrin, Fabian Roy-Gash, Stephane Welschbillig, Jean-Michel Devys P9 Interest of the transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the management of severe traumatic brain injury Soumia Benbernou, Houria Mokhtari-Djebli, Sofiane Ilies, Khalida Bouyacoub, Abdelkader Azza P10 VV-ECMO on ARDS: toward a lower anticoagulation ratio? Elie Zogheib, Joseph Nader, Léonie Villeret, Mathieu Guilbart, Patricia Besserve, Thierry Caus, Hervé Dupont P11 Inter-hospital transportation of patients implanted with veno-venous ECMO: Experience of the Pitié-Salpêtrière mobile ECMO team Nicolas Brechot, Ciro Mastroianni, Matthieu Schmidt, Francesca Santi, Guillaume Lebreton, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Jean Louis Trouillet, Ania Nieszkowska, Guillaume Hékimian, Leprince Pascal, Jean Chastre, Alain Combes P12 Evolution of tidal volume and compliance under pressure-controlled mode during the first 24 hours of ECMO ARDS patients transported to a referral center Hadrien Roze, Benjamin Repusseau, Jean-Christophe Richard, Virginie Perrier, Alexandre Ouattara P13 Extracorporeal dioxide carbon removal (ECCO2R), a French national survey Benjamin Deniau, Jean-Damien Ricard, Jonathan Messika, Didier Dreyfuss, Stéphane Gaudry P14 Levels of microparticles in acute respiratory distress syndrome with veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation Christophe Guervilly, Fanny Klasen, Sami Hraiech, Jean-Marie Forel, Laurent Papazian P15 In patients under extracorporeal CO2 removal therapy (ECCO2R) for ARDS can we do prone position? Efficiency, stability and safety of the maneuver Jean Pierre Ponthus, Polysie Ngasseu, Virginie Amilien, Elise Barsam, Pierre Lehericey, Martial Tchir, Jean Francois Georger P16 Feasibility of the implementation of a technique of extra-corporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) in an intensive care unit which does not use ECMO and its real utilization Virginie Amilien, Jean Pierre Ponthus, Polysie Ngasseu, Martial Tchir, Elise Barsam, Pierre Lehericey, Jean Francois Georger P17 Six-hour daily session of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in moderate-to-severe ARDS: impact on the end-expiratory lung volume, compliance and oxygenation Bérénice Puech, David Vandroux, Arnaud Roussiaux, Dominique Belcour, Cyril Ferdynus, Olivier Martinet, Julien Jabot P18 Can we optimize prescription of laboratory tests in surgical intensive care unit (ICU)? Study of appropriateness of care Marion Fresco, Gaëlle Demeilliers-Pfister, Véronique Merle, Valéry Brunel, Benoit Veber, Bertrand Dureuil P19 Impact of the implementation of guidelines for laboratory testing in an intensive care unit Sébastien Leydier, Isabelle Clerc-Urmes, Jérémie Lemarie, Charles-Henri Maigrat, Marie Conrad, Aurélie Cravoisy-Popovic, Damien Barraud, Lionel Nace, Sébastien Gibot, Nelly Agrinier, Pierre-Edouard Bollaert P20 Identifying useless precaution to reduce costs in ICU Vincent Peigne, Jean-Louis Daban, Mathieu Boutonnet, Guillaume Dumas, Elisabeth Falzone, Patrick Jault, Bernard Lenoir P21 The ICU of the teaching hospital of Kinshasa Joseph Nsiala Makunza, Nathalie Mejeni P22 Security culture and risk management in intensive care units: risk cartography in a French intensive care unit Amélie Mazaud, Sébastien Béague, Anne-Flore Rousselle, Alain Durocher P23 Acquiring messages of medical articles according to the reading style: the BIBLIOFLASH multicenter study Romain Sonneville, Benjamin Sztrymf, Emmanuel Canet, for the BIBLIOFLASH study group P24 ICU portrayal in social media channels Pauline Perez, Alexandra Grinea, Nicolas Weiss P25 The burnout syndrome in a Tunisian intensive care unit: what is the truth? Hassen Ben Ghezala, Naoures Bedoui, Salah Snouda, Rebeh Daoudi, Moez Kaddour P26 Resistance of endotracheal tubes measured after extubation in ICU patients Alina Stoian, Loredana Baboi, Florent Gobert, Hodane Yonis, Romain Tapponier, Jean-Christophe Richard, Claude Guérin P27 Length of endotracheal tube, humidification system and airway resistance: an experimental bench study Frédéric Duprez, Arnaud Bruyneel, Thierry Bonus, Grégory Cuvelier, Sharam Machayeckhi, Sandra Olieuz, Alexandre Legrand P28 Diagnosis contribution and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage in intensive care unit Fatma Feki, Amira Jamoussi, Takoua Merhebene, Emna Braham, Asma Ghariani, Faouzi El Mezni, Leila Slim, Jalila Ben Khelil, Mohamed Besbes P29 Impact of fiberoptic bronchoscopy performed under noninvasive ventilation on the outcome of critically ill patients: a cohort study over 11 years Antoine Marchalot, Christophe Girault, Gaetan Beduneau, Dorothée Carpentier, Steven Grange, Emmanuel Besnier, Gioia Gastaldi, Julien Abily, Marion Beuzelin, Fabienne Tamion P30 New single-use flexible bronchoscope dedicated for the invasive mechanical ventilation: a proof of concept Mai-Anh Nay, Adrien Auvet, Julie Mankikian, Virginie Hervé, Antoine Guillon P31 Incidence of and risk factors for difficult intubation in ICU Marie Soulie, Pierrick Cronier, Elie Kantor, Laura Federici, Marion Gilbert, Ilham Mezhari, Gérald Choukroun, Sophie Marque P32 Endotracheal self-extubation in the intensive care unit: a two-year observational study Z. Coppere, Maxens Decavèle, Jean-Pierre Fulgencio, Clarisse Blayau, Tai Pham, Muriel Fartoukh, Michel Djibre P33 Criteria to assess extubation readiness and prediction of successful weaning Matthieu Reffienna, Michel Arnaout, Sébastien Lefort, Anne-Sophie Debue, Fabrice Daviaud, Sarah Cabon, Frédéric Pène, Julien Charpentier, Alain Cariou, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Working Group on Mechanical Ventilation P34 Domestic accidents during school holidays in children Nabil Tabet Aoul, Zakaria Addou, Ali Douah, Mohamed Moussati, Kamel Belhabiche, Nabil Aouffen P35 Pediatric ARDS: interest of prone positioning and NAVA ventilation during veno-venous ECMO Sylvie Soulier, Philippe Mauriat, Nadir Tafer, Alexandre Ouattara P36 Esogastric pressure measurement as a guide for noninvasive ventilation in unexplained hypercapnic respiratory failure in infants Guillaume Mortamet, Alessandro Amaddeo, Sonia Khirani, Brigitte Fauroux P37 Experience Of Antibacterial Treatment Of Bone And Joint Sepsis Of Young Children Gennadiy Khanes, Olga Liutko, Svitlana Bidnenko P38 Comparison of toxic and septic shocks in children Solenn Remy, Emilie Doye, Nicolas Voirin, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Karine Kolev-Descamp, Guillaume Monneret, Etienne Javouhey P39 Pediatric carbon monoxide poisoning in the Ile-de-France Region, Link between HbCO level and clinical presentation Imane El Aouane, Aben Essid, Wallid Hammami, Isabelle Haegy, Jacques Bataille, Jean Bergounioux P40 Refractory septic shock in children: an ESPNIC definition Luc Morin, Samiran Ray, Graeme Maclaren, Etienne Javouhey, Simon Nadel, Martin Kneyber, Mark Peters, Koos Jansen, Daniele De Luca, Clare Wilson, Luregn Schlapbach, Pierre Tissières, The infection, inflammation and sepsis section of the ESPNIC P41 Impact of the Leonetti law on end-of-life practices in a French NICU and PICU, from January 2011 to December 2014 Anne-Claire Girard, Elodie Savajols, Antoine Burguet, Denis Semama, Stephanie Litzler-Renault P42 Mortality risk factors for anticoagulant-related bleeding Ines Sedghiani, Hana Fredj, Malek Hassouna, Youssef Zied El Hechmi, Mohamed Ali Cherif, Jerbi Zouheir P43 Management of the polytrauma in the emergency department of CHUOran Houria Mokhtari-Djebli, Soumia Benbernou, Ahmed Dernane, Fouad Bouakkaz, Khalida Bouyacoub, Abdelkader Azza P44 Realization of a feedback system of respiratory parameters during CPR Lhoucine Ben Taleb, Elmaati Essoukaki, A Zeddine Mouhsen, Aissam Lyazidi, Jean-Christophe Marie Richard, Ahmed Mouhsen, Mohammed Harmouchi, Mourad Rattal P45 Burns from French military operations: a 14-year retrospective observational analysis Matthias Huck, Thomas Leclerc, Nicolas Donat, Audrey Cirodde, Jean-Vivien Schaal, Yannick Masson, Clément Hoffmann P46 Drowning in Martinique—characteristics and infectious complications Dabor Resiere, Laura Cerland, Ruddy Valentino, C Chabartier, Laurent Villain-Coquet, Jean-Louis Ferge, Y Brouste, Bruno Megarbane, Hossein Mehdaoui P47 Prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors to physician’s conflicts in Emergency Department: A multicentric Moroccan study Jihane Belayachi, Maha Louriz, Naoufal Madani, Fatiha Amlaiky, Tarek Dendane, Khalid Abidi, Aicha Zekraoui, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Redouane Abouqal P48 Serious peripartum complications needing admission in obstetrical ICU: retrospective study about 127 cases Affra Brahim, Fehmi Ferhi, Hosni Khouadja, Mohamed Amine Bouslama, Khalil Tarmiz, Khaled Benjazia P49 Epidemiology of suicide in emergency department Neila Maaroufi, Abid Zeineb, Dhaouadi Mahassen P50 Beneficial cardiovascular effects of O-GlcNAc stimulation in early phase of septic shock Julien Cadiet, Marine Ferron, Valentine Prat, Angelique Erraud, Virginie Aillerie, Mathieu Mevel, Amandine Grabherr, John C. Chatham, Chantal Gauthier, Benjamin Lauzier, Bertrand Rozec P51 MiR-21 deficiency increases mortality during experimental septic shock Jeremie Joffre, Xavier Loyer, Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Lynda Zeboudj, Ludivine Laurans, Bruno Esposito, Alain Tedgui, Ziad Mallat, Hafid Ait-Oufella P52 Isolated heart rate reduction by ivabradine does not improve cardiac and vascular function in experimental septic shock Chaojie Wei, Narimane Al Kattani, Huguette Louis, Sophie Orlowski, Bruno Levy, Antoine Kimmoun P53 Exploration and modulation of the EGF-R during experimental septic shock Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Lynda Zeboudj, Jeremie Joffre,, Ludivine Laurans,, Bruno Esposito, Alain Tedgui, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Hafid Ait-Oufella P54 An intravenous omega-3 bolus at reperfusion time improves shock and vascular dysfunction in a myocardial ischemia–reperfusion rat model Mélanie Burban, Grégory Meyer, Anne Olland, Blandine Yver, Florence Toti, Valérie Schini-Kerth, Alexandra Monnier, Alexandra Boivin, Pierrick Leborgne, Ferhat Meziani, Julie Boisramé-Helms P55 Impact of urantide antagonist of urotensinergic system on myocardial function during a murine model of septic shock Emmanuel Besnier, Thomas Clavier, Mulder Paulus, Hélène Castel, Vincent Richard, Fabienne Tamion P56 Association of dexamethasone and antibodies to poly-β(1,6)-n-acetyl-glucosamine in prevention and treatment of neonatal bacterial meningitis: an experimental study Stéphanie Pons, Bruno Mourvillier, David Skurnik P57 Hyperoxemia as a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia Sophie Six, Karim Jaffal, Saad Nseir P59 Significance of prior digestive colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia Rémi Bruyère, Clara Vigneron, Audrey Large, Julien Bador, Serge Aho, Sebastien Prin, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles P60 Lower respiratory tract colonization in mechanically ventilated patients: Incidence, risk factors and impact on prognosis Yosr Touil, Soufia Ayed, Habiba Sik Ali, Najla Tilouch, Houda Mateur, I Talik, Rim Gharbi, Mohamed Fekih Hassen, Souheil Elatrous P61 Epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU among patients already hospitalized: early- versus late-onset pneumonia Mathilde Grandperrin, Isabelle Patry, Xavier Bertrand, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Gaël Piton, Gilles Capellier P62 Systematic review of inclusion/exclusion criteria, judgment criteria and statistical hypothesis in randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia treatment Emmanuel Weiss, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Christophe Adrie, Wafa Essaied, Martin Wolkewitz, Jean-François Timsit P63 Gram stain identification resulting from blindly inserted telescoping plugged catheter material. Does it contribute to diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia? Mickaël Soued, Fabrice Cook, David Lobo, Roman Mounier, Aurélie Emirian, Jean Winoc Decousser, Gilles Dhonneur P64 Colistin in nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care Hanane Ezzouine, Mohamed Toufik Slaoui, Abdellatif Benslama P65 Bedside tissue perfusion evaluation predicts intradialytic hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients Naïke Bigé, Claire Pichereau, Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Arnaud Galbois, Mikael Alves, Jean-Luc Baudel, Simon Bourcier, Vincent Dubée, Jalel Tahiri, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet, Hafid Ait-Oufella P66 Evaluation of electrolytes and acid–base disorders in patients undergoing citrate-based anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care unit Benjamin Delmas, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Antoine Dewitte, Julien Jabot, Dorothée Valance, Nicolas Allou, Jérôme Allyn, Catherine Fleureau,, Alexandre Ouattara P67 Continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a cost study impact of replacement fluids consumptions Elodie Jean-Bart, Floriane Bel., Fabienne Morey, Rémi Bruyère, Nicholas Sedillot P68 Acute kidney injury in patients receiving liposomal amphotericin B in an intensive care unit: register of 104 patients from 2008 to 2014 Marion Venot, Lucie Biard, Sylvie Chevret, Sandrine Valade, Eric Mariotte, Claire Pichereau, Virginie Lemiale, Elie Azoulay, Emmanuel Canet P69 Regional citrate-based anticoagulation for dummies in continuous venovenous hemofiltration: does it work? Dorothée Valance, Richard Galliot, Romain Zunarelli, David Vandroux, Cyril Ferdynus, Bernard-Alex Gauzere, Olivier Martinet, Julien Jabot P70 Incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury in early postoperative liver transplantation according to AKIN classification Jean-Charles Cartier, Thomas Jouve, Marie-Noëlle Hilleret, Rebecca Hamidfar-Roy, Claire Ara-Somohano, Clémence Minet, Agnès Bonadona, Carole Schwebel P71 Metabolic acidosis uncompensated by kidney in septic patients: a predictive factor for acute kidney injury? Aline Pourcelet, Jean-Michel Hougardy, Pierre Defrance, Patrick Biston, Michael Piagnerelli P72 Blood volume monitoring is useful to predict intradialytic hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis Louis De Laforcade, Alexandre Boyer, Didier Gruson, Benjamin Clouzeau P73 Risk factors for occurrence of acute kidney injury in diabetic ketoacidosis Najah Hajjam, Ines Sedghiani, Houda Nasri, Hamdi Doghri, Youssef Zied El Hechmi, Mohamed Ali Cherif, Jerbi Zouheir P74 Face-to-face tracheal intubation with the video laryngoscope Airtraq in the sitting patients: a report of 3-year experience in patients after failed conventional tracheal intubation technique Gilles Dhonneur, Nicolas Mongardon, Eric Levesque, Hakim Haouache P75 Ultrasound-guided central venous access technique among French intensivists Marie-Anaïs Bastide, Jack Richecoeur, Eric Frenoy, Christian Lemaire, Bertrand Sauneuf, Fabienne Tamion, Saad Nseir, Damien Du Cheyron, Hervé Dupont, Julien Maizel, BoReal Study Group P76 Ultrasound-guided venous catheter insertion. What do French intensivists really do? Hafid Ait-Oufella, Eric Maury, Julien Maizel, Frédérique Schortgen, Cécile Aubron, Christophe Clec’h, Christophe Guitton, Kada Klouche, Nicolas Lerolle, Frédéric Pène, Sebastien Preau, Carole Schwebel, Nicolas Terzi, Frédéric Vargas, Vincent Castelain P77 Can we trust new connected devices recording heart rate and oxygen saturation? A concordance assessment in intensive care unit Franck Ehooman, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Claire Montlahuc, Guillaume Van Der Meersch, Johanna Oziel, Jean Bardon, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Nicolas Postel-Vinay, Yves Cohen P78 Hemoglobin monitoring with HemoCue©, spectrophotometry and blood cells analyzer: comparison of agreement, completion time and costs Mehdi Lafi, Frédéric Jacobs, Dominique Prat, Matthieu Le Meur, Olfa Hamzaoui, Anne Sylvie Dumenil, Guy Moneger, Nadège Demars, Pierre Trouiller, Benjamin Sztrymf P79 Activated partial thromboplastin time and anti-Xa measurements in heparin monitoring among critical care patients Noémie Tencé, Inès Zaien, Martine Wolf, Pierre Trouiller, Frédéric Jacobs P80 Agreement between the Point-Of-Care Siemens RAPIDPoint® 500 Blood gas system and central laboratory measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose and electrolytes in ICU patients Jérôme Allardet-Servent, Melissa Lebsir, Christian Dubroca, Mireille Portugal, Matthias Castanier, Thomas Signouret, Guillemette Thomas, Rettinavelou Soundaravelou, Anne Lepidi, Philippe Halfon, Jean-Marie Seghboyan P81 Clinical features and prognosis of pesticide poisoning Neila Maaroufi, Dhaouadi Mahassen, Abid Zeineb P82 Variability of neurobehavioral toxicity of naphyrone, a new synthetic cathinone, according to its acute or binge administration Camille Gamblin, Nadia Benturquia, Olivier Roussel, Lucie Chevillard, Patricia Risede, Jacques Callebert, Bruno Megarbane P83 Acute acenocoumarin poisoning: an epidemiological and clinical study A. M’rad, Hana Fredj, Messaouda Khelfa, Youssef Blel, H. Thabet, Nozha Brahmi, M. Amamou P84 Death by deliberate self-poisoning in Sfax, Tunisia: Victims characteristics and toxic substance profile Youssef Nouma, Wiem Ben Amar, Sami Bardaa, Karama Regaieg, Kaouthar Jammeli, Mabrouk Bahloul, Zouheir Hammami, Maatoug Samir P85 Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected by medical-staffed ambulances: pilot study A. Lillo-Le Louët, F. Baud, C. Le Beller, B. Vivien, L. Soufir, P. Carli and H. Le Louët P86 Prognostic value of plasma concentration of acebutolol in acute poisoning A. M’rad, Youssef Blel, Fatma Essafi, Nasreddine Foudhaili, Abdelaziz Ben Slimen, Nozha Brahmi, M. Amamou P87 Baseline pharmacologic treatment for patients admitted in ICU for AECOPD: trends in use and conformity to the GOLD guidelines Islem Ouanes, Rami Jabla, Hedia Hammed, Mahdi Marzouk, Nesrine Boujelbene, Fahmi Dachraoui, Asma Hachani, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Hend Ben Lakhal, Chaima Ghribi, Imen Ben Ali, Imen Abdellaoui, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Fekri Abroug P88 Blood eosinophils levels and acute exacerbations of COPD Islem Ouanes, Asma Hachani, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Rami Jabla, Hedia Hammed, Mahdi Marzouk, Hend Ben Lakhal, Imen Ben Ali, Imen Abdellaoui, Chaima Ghribi, Fahmi Dachraoui, Fekri Abroug P89 POFE: postoperative outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequent exacerbators after pulmonary resection—a pilot study Suela Demiri, Christine Lorut, Van Lang, Daniel Luu, Antoine Rabbat, Aurélie Lefebvre, Marco Alifano, Jean-Francois Reignard, Marc Samama, Daniel Dusser, Nicolas Roche P90 Optimal delivery of salbutamol with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler within a high-flow nasal therapy circuit François Réminiac, Cassandre Landel, Samuel Gensburger, Thomas Bocar, Lydiane Mordier, Marion Philippe, Déborah Le Pennec, Laurent Vecellio, Stephan Ehrmann P91 Differences in perceptions between the various healthcare professionals working at the bedside of the risks related to the rehabilitation procedures Laurent Poiroux, David Thevoz, Julien Simons, Cheryl Hickmann, Jean Roeseler, Anthéa Loiez, Stéphanie Gérard, Nicolas Dousse, Tai Pham, Nicolas Terzi, Lise Piquilloud P92 Early rehabilitation in critically ill patients: a prospective multicenter assessment of real-life practice Lorraine Ducroux, Sylvie L’hotellier, Elodie Baumgarten, Stéphanie Borschneck, Francis Schneider, Vincent Castelain P93 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock: report of nine cases Guillaume Hékimian, Nicolas Brechot, Matthieu Schmidt, Fatima Kharcha, Cécile Ghander, Guillaume Lebreton, Christophe Tresallet, Jean Louis Trouillet, Pascal Leprince, Alain Combes, Charles-Edouard Luyt P94 Mortality related to cardiogenic shock in critically ill patients in France, 1997–2012 Etienne Puymirat, Jean-Yves Fagon, Philippe Aegerter, Florence Boissier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Caroline Hauw-Berlemont, Bertrand Guidet, Gilles Chatellier, Nicolas Danchin, Nadia Aissaoui P95 Benefits of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in elderly patients with postcardiotomy refractory cardiogenic shock Nadia Aissat, R. Bernard, Guillaume Lebreton, Dimitri Margetis, Julien Amour, Pascal Leprince, Adrien Bouglé P96 Heart transplantation versus ventricular assist device: which therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock? Charles Vidal, Guillaume Lebreton, Djavidi Nima, Varnous Shaida, Adrien Bouglé, Pascal Leprince, Julien Amour P97 Refractory cardiogenic shock in immunocompromised patients rescued by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Amandine Dorget, Nicolas Bréchot, Guillaume Lebreton, Guillaume Hekimian, Ania Nieszkowska, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Pascal Leprince, Jean Louis Trouillet, Alain Combes, Matthieu Schmidt P98 Which index severity to use in obstetric medium? (Comparison of 4 scores) Rabi Toufiki, Youssef Mouaffak, Ahmed Rhassan El Adib, M. Amine P99 Maternal mortality in obstetric department of UH IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco Kamal Belkadi, I. Moussaid, Chaigar Mohammed Cheikh, S. Moumine, S. El Youssoufi, S. Salmi P100 Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnant women: evaluation of a new score Marie Jonard, Anne Sophie Ducloy-Bouthors, François Fourrier P101 Validity of severity scores in critically ill obstetric patients Fatma Kaaniche Medhioub, Anis Chaari, Olfa Turki, Kais Rgieg, Mabrouk Bahloul, Hmida Chokri Ben, Bouaziz Mounir P102 Evaluation of a neuromuscular blockade with benzylisoquinoliniums: a comparison of a train of four with a clinical assessment Pierre Bouju, Nicolas Barbarot, Arnaud Gacouin, Fabrice Uhel, Julien Letheulle, Pierre Fillatre, Guillaume Grillet, Angélique Goepp, Jean-Marc Tadié, Yves Le Tulzo P103 The use of enteral route for drug administration in the ICU is dimly rational Anne-Laure Clairet, Gilles Capellier, Samuel Limat, Christian Cornette, Gaël Piton P104 Microcirculatory effects of norepinephrine in septic shock: a muscle microdialysis study Amira Fatnassi, Zied Hajjej, Chiheb Romdhani, Walid Sammoud, Iheb Labbene, Mustapha Ferjani P105 Administration of drugs per os by stomach tube for enteral feeding in surgical ICU Hind Taibi, Ijlal Elatiqi, A Iraqui, Rachid Cherkab, Wafae Haddad, Chafik Elkettani, Lahoucine Barrou P106 Implementation of an intensive care follow-up clinic Fabien Cave, Alain Mercat, Nicolas Lerolle P107 Needs assessment of adults post-intensive care rehabilitation department in Amiens University Hospital Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Pierre Louis Doutrellot, Benoit Vaysse, M. Inan, K. Khelfoun, M. Nasserallah, Julien Maizel, C. Legrand-Monteil, S. Tasseel-Ponche P108 Factors of degradation on independence and quality of life at 3 and 6 months after stay in intensive care unit Benjamin Kowalski, Anne Guaguere, Claire Boulle-Geronimi P109 Octavie: Epidemiological study of mortality and autonomy 3 and 6 months after ICU stay for very elderly patients Juliette Masse, Clément Vanbaelinghem, Patrick Herbecq P110 Analysis of burn injuries in the elderly Amel Mokline, Syrine Draief, Lazhari Gharsallah, Imen Rahmani, Bahija Gasri, Sofiene Tlaili, Rym Hammouda, Amen Allah Messadi P111 ICU admission criteria for patients 85 years and older Philippe Michel, Bruno Gelée, Fouad Fadel, Marie Thuong P112 Facteurs pronostiques chez les patients âgés admis en réanimation médicale. Prognostic factors in elderly patients admitted in medical intensive care Sandra Ait-Aoudia, Salima Laddi, Mohamed-Mohcen Sahraoui P113 Uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death: 42 months of experience in a general hospital Clémence Fauché, Samuel Gay, Michel Muller, Anna Faucher, Olivier Skowron, Albrice Levrat, Didier Dorez P114 Epidemiology of long stays in ICU Bertrand Hermann, Caroline Hauw Berlemont, Alexandra Monnier, Florence Boissier, Nadia Aissaoui, Jean-Yves Fagon, Jean-Luc Diehl, Emmanuel Guérot P115 Are daily sedation stops safe in a medical ICU? Michel Arnaout, Julien Charpentier, Benoit Champigneulle, Julie Busson, Anne-Sophie Debue, Julie Dhumeaux, Guillaume Geri, Wulfran Bougouin, Nicole Ericher, Sébastien Lefort, Pierre Lucas, Alain Cariou, Jean-Paul Mira, Frédéric Pène, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Groupe de travail sur la ventilation P116 Delay in awakening after stopping continuous sedation in critically ill patients: incidence, risk factors and impact on ventilator weaning Magalie Dumas, Celine Chapelle, Benedicte Philippon-Jouve, Jerome Morel, Pascal Beuret P117 Risk factors and prognosis impact of decreased patient–ventilator synchrony in mechanically ventilated patients—a prospective study Côme Bureau, Camille Rolland-Debord, Tymothée Poitou, Marc Clavel, Sébastien Perbet, Nicolas Terzi, Achille Kouatchet, Thomas Similowski, Alexandre Demoule, Université Paris 6—Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158, Paris P118 High-flow oxygen therapy through a nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation versus in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure Remi Coudroy, Angéline Jamet, Philippe Petua, René Robert, Jean-Pierre Frat, Arnaud, W. Thille P119 The use of dexmedetomidine in patients with noninvasive ventilation: a preliminary study Hassen Ben Ghezala, Salah Snouda, Rebeh Daoudi, Moez Kaddour P120 Comparison of tolerance of 4 interfaces for preventive noninvasive ventilation after abdominal surgery in intensive care units assessed by patients and caregivers Audrey De Jong, Albert Prades, Marion Monnin, Martin Mahul, Marion Basty, Clément Monet, Benjamin Mounet, Emmanuel Futier, Gérald Chanques, Samir Jaber P121 Dexmedetomidine, new approach in sedation analgesia: a prospective and observational study of mechanically ventilated patients in adults intensive care units in a university hospital during the first year of use Audrey Leroux, Xavier Oudinot, Gaëlle Demeilliers-Pfister, Marc Laurent P122 Pain, confusion, and agitation associated with noninvasive ventilation Nesrine Boujelbene, Rami Jabla, Fahmi Dachraoui, Islem Ouanes, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Mahdi Marzouk, Asma Hachani, Hedia Hammed, Hend Ben Lakhal, Imen Ben Ali, Chaima Ghribi, Imen Abdellaoui, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Fekri Abroug P123 Impact of metformin on prognosis of ICU patients Sebastien Jochmans, Jean-Emmanuel Alphonsine, Ly Van Vong, Nathalie Rolin, Oumar Sy, Jean Serbource-Goguel, Jonathan Chelly, Olivier Ellrodt, Mehran Monchi, Christophe Vinsonneau P124 Serum cholinesterase activity in the diagnosis of septic shock due to bacterial infections: a new specific biomarker of sepsis Mabrouk Bahloul, Turki Olfa, Najeh Baccouche, Kais Regaieg, Chtara Kamilia, Benhamida Chokri, Hedi Chelly, Mounir Bouaziz P125 Is hyperoxaemia a rare event during septic shock patients management? Amélie Trichot, Gwenhaël Colin, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Isabelle Vinatier, Konstantinos Bachoumas, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Maud Fiancette, Aurélie Joret, Aihem Yehia, Christine Lebert, Matthieu Henry-Laguarrigue, Laurent Martin-Lefèvre P126 Myocardial depressant factor during human septic shock: screening of twenty-three cytokines and chemokines Keyvan Razazi, Florence Boissier, Mathieu Surenaud, Alexandre Bedet, Nicolas de Prost, Aurelien Seemann, Christian Brun-Buisson, Sophie Hüe, Armand Mekontso-Dessap P127 Plasma of septic shock patients modifies in vitro mitochondrial respiration of human PBMC as well as lymphocytes and monocytes cell lines Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Anne-Laure Charles, Pierrick Leborgne, Xavier Delabranche, Bernard Geny, Ferhat Meziani, Pascal Bilbault P128 Assessment of skin endothelial functions during severe infections Simon Bourcier, Claire Pichereau, Vincent Dubée, Gabriel Lejour, Jean-Luc Baudel, Arnaud Galbois, Jalel Tahiri, Naïke Bigé, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet, Hafid Ait-Oufella P129 Toe-to-Room temperature gradient correlates with tissue perfusion and predicts outcome during septic shock Simon Bourcier, Claire Pichereau, Pierre Yves Boêlle, Nemlaghi Safaa, Vincent Dubée, Gabriel Lejour, Jean-Luc Baudel, Arnaud Galbois, Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Naïke Bigé, Jalel Tahiri, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet, Hafid Ait-Oufella P130 Determination of HLA-DR expression on monocytes in heart recipients and clinical outcome correlation Sylvie Paulus, Claire Flamens, Guillaume Monneret, Julie Demaret, Jean Neidecker P131 Nosocomial infections in neonates under ECMO Jerome Rambaud, Cecile Allioux, Romain Guedj, Isabelle Guellec, Julia Guilbert, Pierre-Louis Leger, Maryne Demoulin, Amélie Durandy, Sandrine Jean, Ricardo Carbajal P132 Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units: prospective, observational transversal study Aurélie Morand, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Olivier Brissaud, Stéphane Le Bel, Mickael Afanetti, Zoé Meresse, Astrid Botte, Michel Panuel, Laurent Thomachot, Jean-Michel Constantin, Marc Leone, Fabrice Michel P133 Use of continuous infusion of clonidine for sedation in critically ill children: indications, efficacy and side effects Anna Deho’, Laïly Sadozai, Stéphane Dauger, Sonia Prot-Labarthe P134 Pharmacokinetic analysis of continuous infusion vancomycin therapy in critically ill children Mathieu Genuini, Mehdi Oualha, Moulin Florence, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Fabrice Lesage, Sylvain Renolleau P135 Incidence of central venous catheter-associated bacteraemia in a paediatric intensive care unit Emmanuelle Chalavon, Claire Le Reun, Rodrigue Dessein, Bruno Grandbastien, Alain Duhamel, Sarah Pesin, François Dubos, Stéphane LeteurtreEmmanuelle Chalavon, Claire Le Reun, Rodrigue Dessein, Bruno Grandbastien, Alain Duhamel, Sarah Pesin, François Dubos, Stéphane Leteurtre P136 Outcome at 2 months at the infectious level of the pediatric central venous catheters: prospective evaluation of the guidelines optimization impact Marie-Aude Puel, Marie Szulc, Anais Philippe, François Severac, Dominique Astruc, Pierre Kuhn, Philippe DesprezMarie-Aude Puel, Marie Szulc, Anais Philippe, François Severac, Dominique Astruc, Pierre Kuhn, Philippe Desprez P137 Ten years of intensive care in children hospital in Oran, Algeria Nabil Tabet Aoul, zakaria addou, Ali Douah, Mohamed Moussati, Kamel Belhabiche, Nabil AouffenNabil Tabet Aoul, zakaria addou, Ali Douah, Mohamed Moussati, Kamel Belhabiche, Nabil Aouffen P138 High-frequency percussive ventilation during neonatal transportation: a pilot study Benoît Colomb, Karine Kolev-Descamp, Anne Marie Petion, Laurent Queudet, Elodie Savajols, Stephanie Litzler-Renault, Denis Semama P139 Lymphopenia after severe infectious shock in children: association with severity and risk for nosocomial infection Emilie Doye, Solenn Remy, Nicolas Voirin, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Karine Kolev-Descamp, Guillaume Monneret, Etienne Javouhey P140 Importance of troponin evaluation in scorpion envenomation in pediatric intensive care unit Mouaffak Youssef P141 Hyperosmolar therapy in pediatric traumatic brain injury: a retrospective study Nadia Roumeliotis, Christian Dong, Geraldine Pettersen, Louis Crevier, Guillaume Emeriaud P142 Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children: report of seven cases Mouaffak Youssef P143 Optimising nurse confidence and skill acquisition in paediatric continuous renal replacement therapy (pCRRT) through a training programme: result of the first-year experience in a tertiary care centre Jérôme Naudin, Laetitia Abdallah, Marion Ganier, Karine Frannais, Dylia Douglas, Cecile Flusin, Anna Deho’, Stéphane Dauger P144 From high-quality electronic database to the new concept of perpetual patient. Preliminary results David Brossier, Redha Eltaani, Michaël Sauthier, Guillaume Emeriaud, Bernard Guillois, Philippe Jouvet P145 Transportation of children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: 1-year experience of a tertiary referral center in the Paris regionJerome Rambaud, Pierre-Louis Leger, Michelle Larroquet, Alain Amblard, Noella Lode, Julia Guilbert, Sandrine Jean, Isabelle Guellec, Isabelle Casadevall, Katia Kessous, Hervé Walti, Ricardo Carbajal P146 Acute neurotoxicity of bath salts combining 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone and mephedrone in the rat Christophe Poiré, Nadia Benturquia, Olivier Roussel, Lucie Chevillard, Patricia Risede, Jacques Callebert, Huixiong Chen, Bruno Megarbane P147 Acute organophosphate poisoning: what about pralidoxime use? A. M’rad, Sahar Habacha, Bassem Chatbri, Youssef Blel, H Thabet, Nozha Brahmi, M. Amamou P148 Acute nifedipine poisoning: clinical and prognosis aspects A. M’rad, Fatma Essafi, Nasreddine Foudhaili, Youssef Blel, H. Thabet, Nozha Brahmi, M. Amamou P149 Acute behavioral toxicity and addictive liability of the new synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in the rat Cyril Masniere, Nadia Benturquia, Olivier Roussel, Lucie Chevillard, Patricia Risede, Jacques Callebert, Bruno Megarbane P150 Clinical and therapeutic characteristics of metformin poisoningA. M’rad, Messaouda Khelfa, Hana Fredj, Youssef Blel, H. Thabet, Nozha Brahmi, M. Amamou P151 Calcium channel blockers poisoning Samar Souissi, Hatem El Ghord, N. Kouraichi, N. Brahmi, H. Thabet, M. Amamou P152 Characteristics and outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit Takoua Marhbène, Islam Mejri, Amira Jamoussi, Douha Lakhdar, Asma Ghariani, Leila Slim, Jalila Ben Khelil, Mohamed Besbes P153 Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia versus other pathogens Takoua T. Merhabane, Héla Maamouri, Amira Jamoussi, Asma Ghariani, Leila Slim, Jalila Ben Khelil, Mohamed Besbes P154 Outcome of L. pneumophila pneumonia and risk factors for ICU admission Oestreicher Charlotte, Helena Wegelius, Caroline Landelle, Jacques Schrenzel, Laurent Kaiser, Jérôme Pugin P155 The descending necrotizing mediastinitis: report of 60 cases Hind Belhadj P156 Characteristics, mortality risk factors and therapeutic approach of ARDS in patients with severe leptospirosis in Reunion Island Paul Chanareille, Julien Jabot, Benjamin Delmas, Arnaud Roussiaux, Cyril Ferdynus, Bernard-Alex Gauzere, Olivier Martinet, David Vandroux P157 Characterization of organ dysfunction in severe leptospirosis Adélie Ladureau, Alice Sanna, Amélie Rolle, Bertrand Pons, Pascale Piednoir, Fanny Ardisson, Frédéric Martino, Thomas Bernos, Khalid Elkoun, Elie Elain, Roland Lawson, Matthieu Resh-Rigon, Sophie Belorgey, Guillaume Thiery P158 Report of experience: management of a pre-XDR and XDR-TB population hospitalized in a medical ICU Caroline Hauw Berlemont, Cyprian Pricopi, Florence Boissier, Alexandra Monnier, Françoise Barthes, Jean-Luc Diehl, Jean-Yves Fagon, Emmanuel Guérot P159 Benefit of magnesium sulfate for tetanus management in adults: case of the provincial general referral hospital of Kinshasa Thansya Doddie, Mj Nsiala, Nh Situakibanza, Be Amisi, Mj Kazadi, Ma Kilembe P160 Ebola fever outbreak: questioning the delivery of care Christophe Clement, François Lamontagne P161 Marked decrease in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia using a bundle of care containing selective oropharyngeal decontamination Boyer, Valérie Nocquet, Caroline Landelle, Sébastien Naimo, Ronan Raulais, Emilie Genevois, Lucie Bouchoud, Filippo Boroli, Nour Abidi, Mohamed Abbas, Stefan Harbarth, Jérôme Pugin P162 Ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention by oral care improvement: a before–after study Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, Caroline Dereux, Audrey Large, Rémi Bruyère, Sebastien Prin, Julien Bador, Jean-Pierre Quenot P163 Impact of a multifaceted bundle ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention program in a secondary care medical–surgical intensive care unit Stanislas De Guillebon, Eloise Morisse, Julie France, Deborah Gasser, Philippe Badia, Walter Picard P164 Daily chlorhexidine bathing in a medical intensive care unit: effects on healthcare-associated infections and on acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria P. Corne, Nicolas Molinari, I. De Boulastel, S. Seguin, A. Blasco, V. Ledur, Olivier Jonquet, Kada Klouche P165 Impact of twin bedrooms intensive care unit on the epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae Paktoris-Papine Sophie, Margaux Artiguenave, Faten El Sayed, Florence Espinasse, Aurélien Dinh, Cyril Charron, Xavier Repessé, Antoine Vieillard-Baron P166 Prophylactic confinement after liver transplant: a necessity or a useless precaution? Benjamin Lebas, Sophie Hatsch, Quentin Maestraggi, Anne-Florence Dureau, Vincent Castelain, Bernard Ellero, François Faitot, Max Guillot, Francis Schneider P167 Proteomic response and adaptation mechanisms of E. coli 536 to overcome the inhibitory effect of cranberry proanthocyanidins Dimitri Margetis, Odile Bouvet, Didier Chevret, Didier Dreyfuss, Erick Denamur, Jean-Damien Ricard P168 Is daily measurement of CRP useful to detect earlier ventilator-associated pneumonia? Justine Simonet, Mathieu Boutonnet, Jean-Louis Daban, Elisabeth Falzone, Guillaume Dumas, Philippe Vest, Vincent Peigne P169 Clinical and biological features of healthcare-associated coagulase-negative Staphylococci meningitis: results of a retrospective study Severine Couffin, David Lobo, Gilles Dhonneur, Roman Mounier P170 Prognostic value of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with acute pulmonary embolism M. Cheikh Bouhlel, Ahmed Khedher, Kaoula Meddeb, A. Azouzi, Y. Hamdaoui, Jihene Ayachi, W. Brahim, Rania Bouneb, Mohamed Boussarsar P171 Does mean arterial pressure alarm improve the time spent within blood pressure target range in septic shock? A before and after study Nans Florens, Martin Cour, Julie Varéon, Arnaud Malatray, Romain Hernu, Laurent Argaud P172 Respiratory change of pulse pressure is not indicative of preload reserve in cardiac surgery patients Pierre Dupland, Thomas D’humières, Romain Vergier, Pauline Issaurat, Philippe Estagnasié, Pierre Squara, Alain Brusset P173 Importance of diastolic arterial pressure to optimize pulse pressure variation performances for patients receiving norepinephrine Vincent Génin, David Vandroux, Cyril Ferdynus, Arnaud Roussiaux, Jérôme Allyn, Nicolas Allou, Olivier Martinet, Julien Jabot P174 Multi-parameter monitoring for tissue perfusion in septic shock: correlations between macrohemodynamic and metabolic parameters: Preliminary results Ali Jendoubi, Rifka Jlassi, Bassem Hamrouni, Yahia Marzougui, Jihen Kouka, Salma Ghedira, Mohamed Houissa P175 Correlation between changes in levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and weight before and after dialysis Kaouther Dhifaoui, Zied Hajjej, Walid Sammoud, Iheb Labbene, Mustapha Ferjani P176 Impact of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria on the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies admitted to the intensive care medicine Johanna Oziel, Carole Schwebel, Elie Azoulay, Michaël Darmon, Bertrand Souweine, Lila Bouadma, Guillaume Marcotte, Christophe Clec’h, Yves Cohen, Outcomerea Study Group P177 ICU moving followed by a drop of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alexy Tran Dinh, Caroline Neulier, Marlène Amara, Nicaise Nebot, Gilles Troché, Nelly Breton, Benjamin Zuber, Sébastien Cavelot, Béatrice Pangon, Jean Pierre Bedos, Jacques Merrer, David Grimaldi P178 Risk factors of carbapenem resistance acquisition in intensive care unit François Labaste, Jean-Marie Conil, Julia Grossac, Stéphanie Ruiz, Marion Grare, Olivier Fourcade, Vincent Minville, Bernard Georges P179 Risk factors for subsequent infection among patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae colonization: a retrospective study Guillaume Van Der Meersch, Johanna Oziel, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Frédéric Gonzalez, Philippe Karoubi, Christophe Huang, Christophe Clec’h, Yves Cohen P180 Is rectal colonisation predictive of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae presence in respiratory samples performed in the intensive care unit? Helene Carbonne, Matthieu Le Dorze, Rishma Amarsy, Joaquim Mateo, Didier Payen de la Garanderie P181 Antibiotic therapy in intensive care unit patients: appraisal of medical attitude related to therapy appropriateness, severity of infection and outcome Sophie Leloup Von Edelsberg, Christelle Vercheval, Monique Nys, Pierre Damas P182 Epidemiology and associated factors of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study Zied Hajjej, Chaker Bouguerra, Noura Naas, Walid Sammoud, Iheb Labbene, Mustapha Ferjani P183 The impact of nosocomial infection acquired in intensive care units on mortality and length of stay until hospital discharge: a retrospective, monocentric, 10-year study Joris Muller, François Severac, Mickael Schaeffer, Pierre Tran Ba Loc, Stéphanie Deboscker, Maleka Schenck, Marie-Line Harley, Ralf Janssen-Langenstein, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Benjamin Lebas, Max Guillot, Vincent Castelain, Francis Schneider, Thierry Lavigne P184 Incidence and prognosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care unit: the IPRIUS study Jennifer Brunet, Bertrand Canoville, Cédric Daubin, Amélie Seguin, Nicolas Terzi, Xavier Valette, Pierre Verrier, Damien Du Cheyron P185 Automatic tube compensation during mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Meta-analysis of trials on weaning outcome and physiologic effects Alina Stoian, Claude Guérin P186 Automated oxygen titration during high-flow oxygen therapy. Evaluation of the feasibility in healthy subjects François Lellouche, Erwan L’her, Pierre Alexandre Bouchard, Mathieu Delorme, Tamer Elfaramawy, Benoit Gosselin P187 Accuracy of ventilators for intermediate care to deliver tidal volume. A bench study Claude Guérin, Loredana Baboi, Sarah Guegan, Fabien Subtil P188 Efficiency of ventilators for intermediate care to deliver adequate FIO2. A bench study Claude Guérin, Loredana Baboi, Fabien Subtil, Sarah Guegan P189 In vitro comparison of inspiratory-synchronized and continuous nebulization modes during noninvasive ventilation: analysis of inhaled and lost doses Jean-Bernard Michotte, Enrico Staderini, Jonathan Dugernier, Rares Rusu, Jean Roeseler, Giuseppe Liistro, Gregory Reychler P190 Short-term physiological effects of nasal high flow in patients with respiratory distress. Impact of flow rates on the work of breathing Mathieu Delorme, Pierre Alexandre Bouchard, Mathieu Simon, François Lellouche P191 Design and implementation of an active artificial lung Elmaati Essoukaki, Lhoucine Ben Taleb, Mohammed Harmouchi, Mourad Rattal, Ahmed Mouhsen, Jean-Christophe Marie Richard, A Zeddine Mouhsen, Aissam Lyazidi P192 Assessment of the accuracy of ventilator simulation softwares Frédéric Duprez, Jean Bernard Michotte, Olivier Contal, Thierry Bonus, Sandra Olieuz, Grégory Cuvelier, Sharam Machayeckhi P193 Outcome and early prognostic factors in neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit Becem Trabelsi, Zied Hajjej, Walid Sammoud, Hedi Garsallah, Mustapha Ferjani P194 Blood loss and transfusion practice in medical surgical intensive care unit: 1-year study Walid Sammoud, Zied Hajjej, Khaoula Harira, Hedi Garsallah, Mustapha Ferjani P195 Atypical hemolytic and uremic syndrome in critically ill adult patients Elie Azoulay, Akli Chermak, Cédric Rafat, Claire Pichereau, Emmanuel Canet, Virginie Lemiale, Valade Sandrine, Marion Venot, Benoît Schlemmer, Eric Mariotte P196 Outcome of critically ill patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: comparison of cord blood cells with others cells as hematopoietic stem cells source Caroline Le Jeune, Florent Wallet, Pascal Roy, Laurent Argaud, Mauricette Michallet P197 Outcome of patients with organ failures related to solid malignancies and receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit Yoann Zerbib, Julien Maizel, Naïke Bigé, Benoit Misset, Nicolas de Prost, Virginie Lemiale, Sylvie Ricome, François Baudin, Muriel Fartoukh, Frédéric Jacobs, François Blot, Matthieu Schmidt, Antoine Rabbat, Julien Mayaux, Frédéric Gonzalez, Caroline Bornstain, Elie Azoulay, Frédéric Pène P198 Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) admitted to the intensive care unit Stéphanie Gelinotte, Dorothée Carpentier, Steven Grange, Julien Abily, Marion Beuzelin, Emmanuel Besnier, Gioia Gastaldi, Gaetan Beduneau, Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Christophe Girault, Fabienne Tamion P199 Influence of neutropenia on mortality of critically ill cancer patients: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidences Marie Bouteloup, Sophie Perinel Ragey, Elie Azoulay, Djamel Mokart, Michaël Darmon, Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire et Onco-Hematologique (GRRROH) P200 Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) Syndromes in the ICU: experience of a Tunisian ICU Jihene Ayachi, Ahmed Khedher, Kaoula Meddeb, A. Azouzi, Y Hamdaoui, H. Nouira, Rania Bouneb, Mohamed Boussarsar P201 “Immunonutrition” failed to improve septic shock-induced vascular dysfunction in a rat model Julie Boisramé-Helms, Grégory Meyer, Su Degirmenci, Mélanie Burban, Valérie Schini-Kerth, Alexandra Boivin, Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Alexandra Monnier, Christine Kummerlen, Ferhat Meziani P202 PTP1B gene deletion improves glucose metabolism and limits cardiovascular dysfunction in experimental septic shock Eugénie Delile, Pierre-Alain Thiébaut, Jean-Claude Do Rego, David Coquerel, Rémi Nevière, Vincent Richard, Fabienne Tamion P203 Ascitic fluid TREM-1 for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Laure Ichou, Nicolas Carbonell, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Ludivine Laurans, Simon Bourcier, Claire Pichereau, Jean-Luc Baudel, Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum, Christophe Renou, Rodolphe Anty, Jacques Tankovic, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet, Luce Landraud, Hafid Ait-Oufella P204 Modulation of inflammatory response related to severe peritonitis by polymyxin-B hemoperfusion Remi Coudroy, Jean-Claude Lecron, Didier Payen de la Garanderie, René Robert, ABDOMIX Group P205 Descriptive study of ultrasonographic data inside a surgical intensive care unit for cholestasis diagnosis: dechorea study Michael Helary, Jonathan Paillot, Sebastien Pili-Floury P206 In-hospital mortality and predictive risk factors for patients with cirrhosis Sana Khedher, Amira Maoui, Asma Ezzamouri, Mohamed Salem P207 CONSTIPREA: evaluation of the management of constipation in intensive care—National Survey of French intensivits Lamia Kerdjana, Mihaela Dumitrescu, Olivier Mimoz, Bertrand Debaene, Virginie Migeot, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier P208 Corrosive ingestion in adults: endoscopic findings and agents involved Sana Khedher, Asma Ezzamouri, Amira Maoui, Mohamed Salem, Amira A. Maoui P209 Hypoxic hepatitis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: incidence, determinants and prognosis Benoit Champigneulle, Guillaume Geri, Wulfran Bougouin, Florence Dumas, Michel Arnaout, Lara Zafrani, Frédéric Pène, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Paul Mira, Alain Cariou P210 Aspiration pneumonitis in comatose patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. The SPIRE prospective survey Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Floriane Lissonde, Aurélie Le Thuaut, Konstantinos Bachoumas, Gwenhaël Colin, Matthieu Henry-Laguarrigue, Maud Fiancette, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Christine Lebert, Isabelle Vinatier, Aihem Yehia, Aurélie Joret, Laurent Martin-Lefèvre, Jean Reignier P211 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in cancer patients: impact of 1-year survival Laura Platon, Jerôme Lambert, David Lagier, Jeanpaul Brun, Antoine Sannini, Laurent Chow-Chine, Magali Bisbal, Marion Faucher, Djamel Mokart P212 High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia Leïla Mourtada, Lemiale Virgnie, Claire Givel, Valade Sandrine, Claire Pichereau, Emmanuel Canet, Eric Mariotte, Elie Azoulay P213 Plasma endocan predicts the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe sepsis and septic shock patients Alexandre Gaudet, Erika Parmentier-Decrucq, Nathalie De Freitas Caires, Sylvain Dubucquoi, Philippe Lassalle, Daniel Mathieu P214 Comparison of 3 diagnostic methods to identify fluid responsiveness during prone position in ARDS Jean-Christophe Richard, Hodane Yonis, Florent Gobert, Romain Tapponnier, Claude Guérin P215 Low pressure support-high PEEP for early severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective analysis Luc Quintin, C. Pichot, F. Petitjeans P216 Neutrophil proteases alter the interleukin-22-receptor-dependent lung antimicrobial defence Antoine Guillon, Youenn Jouan, Daborah Breah, Fabien Gueugnon, Emilie Dalloneau, Thomas Baranek, Clemence Henry, Eric Morello, Jc Renauld, M Pichavant, Philippe Gosset, Y Courty, Patrice Diot, Mustapha Si-Tahar P217 Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in human ARDS: beneficial effects of metformin Fabrice Uhel, Murielle Gregoire, Arnaud Gacouin, Yves Le Tulzo, Karin Tarte, Jean-Marc Tadié P218 What are the deteP219 Emergency thoracotomy: development and results in a military trauma centerrminants of needle aspiration success in primary spontaneous pneumothorax? Constance Vuillard, Jean-Damien Ricard, Béatrice La Combe, Stéphane Gaudry, Didier Dreyfuss, Jonathan Messika P219 Emergency thoracotomy: development and results in a military trauma center Pauline Ponsin, Jean-Louis Daban, Guillaume Boddaert, Bertrand Grand, Vincent Peigne, Yohan Baudoin, Mathieu Boutonnet, Patrick Jault, Stéphane Bonnet P220 Management of isthmic aortic rupture in polytraumatized patients in ICU: a report of 12 cases Chtara Kamilia, Kais Regaieg, Olfa Turki, Najeh Baccouch, Anis Chaari, Hmida Chokri Ben, Mabrouk Bahloul, Mounir Bouaziz P221 NT-proBNP levels and echocardiography findings in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea Salah Snouda, Hassen Ben Ghezala, Mohamed Fehmi Abbes, Rebeh Daoudi, Moez Kaddour, Imen Benchiekh P222 Cardiac decompensation in peripartum Kamal Belkadi, I. Moussaid, Chaigar Mohammed Cheikh, S. El Youssoufi, S. Salmi P223 Peripheral intravenous catheter-related complications in an emergency ward Ines Sedghiani, Hana Fredj, Hamdi Doghri, Youssef Zied El Hechmi, Mohamed Ali Cherif, Jerbi Zouheir P224 Burnout in the emergency room Neila Maaroufi, Abid Zeineb P225 Prevalence, and characteristics of elderly patient admitted in a Moroccan Medical Unit for the Acute Care Jihane Belayachi, Leila Debono, Naoufal Madani, Fatiha Amlaiky, Tarek Dendane, Khalid Abidi, Aicha Zekraoui, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Redouane Abouqal P226 Metabolic phenotyping in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids distinguishes influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia Adrien Auvet, Antoine Guillon, Lydie Nadal-Desbarats, Thomas Baranek, Eric Morello, François Réminiac, Mustapha Si-Tahar P227 Microbiological documentation of pneumonia in the ICU by per-bronchoscopic bronchial aspiration (PBA) is very similar to that obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) Jean-Luc Baudel, Jacques Tankovic, Redouane Dahoumane, Arnaud Galbois, Hafid Ait Oufella, Georges Offenstadt, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet P228 Compliance with the H3 bundle of the 2012 surviving sepsis campaign according to the chain of care of septic patients: the sepsis CHOC study Amel Filali, Emmanuel Faure, Nicolas Van Grunderbeeck, Olivier Nigeon, Juliette Masse, H Bazus, Jihad Mallat, Didier Thevenin P229 CRP ratio as a predictive tool for mortality in ICU septic patients Sophie Lempereur-Legros, Didier Ledoux, Monique Nys, Pierre Damas P230 Candidemia in ICU: Epidemiology and prognostic factors Zied Hajjej, Walid Sammoud, Becem Trabelsi, Iheb Labbene, Mustapha Ferjani P231 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula-associated infections: implication of virulent Escherichia coli phylogroups Jonathan Messika, Olivier Clermont, Matthieu Schmidt, Alexandra Aubry, Romain Fernandes, Erick Denamur, Alain Combes, Jean-Damien Ricard P232 Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for intensive care unit-acquired infections in intensive care unit patients with hematologic malignancies? Marion Venot, Sylvie Chevret, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Pène, Virginie Lemiale, Achille Kouatchet, Julien Mayaux, François Vincent, Martine Nyunga, Fabrice Bruneel, Elie Azoulay P233 Should we need aerobic–anaerobic or specific blood culture bottles for diagnosing candidemia in ICU patients? Sébastien Bailly, Jean-François Timsit, Cécile Garnaud, Muriel Cornet, Patricia Pavese, Rebecca Hamidfar-Roy, Luc Foroni, Sandrine Boisset, Carole Schwebel, Danièle Maubon P234 Invasive Candida infection in a Tunisian ICU: an observational cohort study Islem Ouanes, Maha Abid, Hend Ben Lakhal, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Fahmi Dachraoui, Hedia Hammed, Rami Jabla, Asma Hachani, Mahdi Marzouk, Imen Abdellaoui, Chaima Ghribi, Imen Ben Ali, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Fekri Abroug P235 Causes of admission in medical intensive care of patients suffering from severe psychiatric disorders Hanane Ezzouine, Constant Aniolo Edith, Abdellatif Benslama P236 Unplanned extubation in critical care: still to learn from local survey Frédéric Jacobs, Dominique Prat, Matthieu Le Meur, Olfa Hamzaoui, Anne Sylvie Dumenil, Guy Moneger, Nadège Demars, Pierre Trouiller, Benjamin Sztrymf P237 Mortality associated with nights and weekends admission to intensive care unit (ICU): results of a 9-year cohort study (2006–2014) Vincent Brunot, Jean-Emmanuel Serre, P. Corne, Nicolas Molinari, L. Landreau, Olivier Jonquet, Kada Klouche P238 Determinants and outcomes associated with decisions to deny admission in a Tunisian ICU Rania Bouneb, Kaoula Meddeb, Y. Hamdaoui, H Nouira, A. Azouzi, Jihene Ayachi, Ahmed Khedher, Mohamed Boussarsar P239 Characteristics and outcomes of patients not admitted to ICU Nesrine Boujelbene, Rami Jabla, Fahmi Dachraoui, Islem Ouanes, Mahdi Marzouk, Hedia Hammed, Asma Hachani, Hend Ben Lakhal, Chaima Ghribi, Imen Abdellaoui, Imen Ben Ali, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Fekri Abroug P240 Long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy Vanessa Jean-Michel, Francis Couturaud, Elizabeth Moore, Pierre-Yves Egreteau, Jean-Michel Boles, Cécile Aubron P241 Nowadays, SAPSII better predicts 1-year mortality than hospital mortality Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Max Guillot, Quentin Maestraggi, Charlotte Kaeuffer, Ralf Janssen-Langenstein, Sylvie L’hotellier, Sophie Hatsch, Benjamin Lebas, Alexandra Boivin, Maleka Schenck, Marie-Line Harlay, Anne Meyer, Vincent Castelain, Francis Schneider P242 Impact of diabetes on burn injury: preliminary results from retrospective study Amel Mokline, Imen Rahmani, Khaouther Ben Arfi, Lazhari Gharsallah, Sofiene Tlaili, Bahija Gasri, Rym Hammouda, Amen Allah Messadi P243 Withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatments decisions: Is there a risk of excessive influence of medical imaging? Fabrice Lesage, Sylvie Séguret, Laurent Dupic, Laure De Saint Blanquat, Sylvain Renolleau P244 Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in intensive care unit patients: predisposing factors and implementation Anne-Sophie Baptiste, Hugues Georges, Pierre-Yves Delannoy, Patrick Devos, Olivier Leroy P245 Advanced directives in an old patient with suicide attempt: analysis of ICU physicians perception Dolores Albarracin, A. Ducousso-Lacaze, Angéline Jamet,, Julien Dufour, Séverin Cabasson, Anne Veinstein, Delphine Chatellier, Jean-Pierre Frat, René Robert P246 Having the talk about advance directives in the daily practice: Is a stay in an intensive care unit a good opportunity? Vivien Hong Tuan Ha, Nicolas Lau, Lucie Mimoun, Xavier Forceville P247 Long-term outcome of patients who have withheld life support in intensive care Adel Maamar, Stéphanie Chevalier, Vlad Botoc, Yves Le Tulzo P248 Epidemiology of refusals in a polyvalent intensive care unit ad outcome of refused patients Stephane Rouleau, David Schnell, Arnaud Desachy, Sylvie Calvat, Philippe Petua, Charles Lafon, Christophe Cracco P249 Ten critical sentences you have already heard in the Intensive Care Unit and the Emergency Department, their real meanings and consequences Nicolas Van Grunderbeeck, J. Temime, Perrine Molmy, Stephanie Barrailler, G. Gasan, Olivier Nigeon, Didier Thevenin P250 Communication with the parents: a challenge in the pediatric intensive care unit Agathe Béranger, Charlotte Pierron, Laure De Saint Blanquat, Sandrine Jean, Hélène Chappuy P251 End of life in the intensive care unit: between practice and knowledge Pierre-Marie Bertrand, Alexandra Beurton, Laetitia Bodet-Contentin, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Pierre-éRic Danin, Elsa Dubois, Elodie Gélisse, Yasemin Karaca, Pierre Mora, Nicolas de Prost, Damien Roux, Alexis Soummer, Dominique Vodovar, Committee of young intensivists of the French Society for Intensive Care Medicine (FICS) S1 The HICU Score (Hematologic Intensive Care Unit Score): a new prognostic score for predicting 30-day and 1-year mortality of patients with hematologic malignancies admitted in ICU Yohan Desbrosses, Guylaine Labro, Gaël Piton, Adrien Chauchet, Etienne Daguindau, François Blot, Eric Deconinck, Gilles Capellier S2 Patients with multiple myeloma in the ICU: trends of use and outcomes over time Akli Chermak, Adrien Joseph, Virginie Lemiale, Claire Pichereau, Marinne Baron, Emmanuel Canet, Eric Mariotte, Michaël Darmon, Elie Azoulay S3 Impact of bone marrow aspiration on the management of adult critically ill patients Laure Calvet, Anne Françoise Sapin, Bruno Pereira, Alexandre Lautrette, Bertrand Souweine S4 Red blood cells transfusion in ICU: descriptive analysis of French cohort from “Age BLood Evaluation” clinical trial Lucie Vettoretti, Sebastien Pili-Floury, Gaël Piton, Jacques Lacroix, Lucy Clayton, Elham Sabri, Laurent Bardiaux, Pierre Tiberghien, Paul Hebert, Gilles Capellier, ABLE French Investigators S5 Graft-versus-host disease trajectories and mortality in critically ill allogeneic stem cell recipients Claire Pichereau, Etienne Lengliné, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Eric Mariotte, Marion Venot, Sandrine Valade, Akli Chermak, Virginie Lemiale, Emmanuel Canet, Gérard Socié, Benoît Schlemmer, Elie Azoulay S6 Outcome of 544 patients with solid cancer in the intensive care unit: the Oncoréa study Edith Borcoman, Virginie Lemiale, Eric Mariotte, Claire Pichereau, Emmanuel Canet, Adrien Joseph, Akli Chermak, Sandrine Valade, Marion Venot, Benoît Schlemmer, Elie Azoulay S7 Assessing the process of ICU admission refusal in critically ill patients with hematological malignancies Katerina Rusinova, Virginie Lemiale, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Djamel Mokart, Antoine Rabbat, Frédéric Pène, Achille Kouatchet, Fabrice Bruneel, Julien Mayaux, François Vincent, Pierre Perez, Martine Nyunga, Elie Azoulay, Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire en Onco-Hématologie S8 Neurologic and hepatic failures at ICU admission are associated with worst prognosis for patients with lymphomas Aurélien Sutra Del Galy, Achille Kouatchet, Mélanie Mercier, Jean-François Hamel, Tommy Raveau, Marie-Pierre Moles, Aline Clavert, Mathilde Hunault-Berger, Alain Mercat, Norbert Ifrah, Aline Schmidt-Tanguy S9 Impact of earplugs and eye mask on sleep in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized polysomnographic study Alexandre Demoule, Serge Carreira, Sophie Lavault, Olivier Pallanca, Elise Morawiec, Julien Mayaux, Isabelle Arnulf, Thomas Similowski S10 Diaphragmatic paralysis after adult cardiac surgery: incidence and predicting factors Thomas D’humières, Pierre Dupland, Pauline Issaurat, Romain Vergier, Philippe Estagnasié, Alain Brusset, Pierre Squara S11 Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragmatic dysfunction: prognostic marker of ICU weaning failure Cédric Carrié, Chloé Gisbert-Mora, Eline Bonnardel, Matthieu Biais, Frédéric Vargas, Gilles Hilbert S12 A prospective multicentric study to evaluate the impact of breathing variability on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients Côme Bureau, Camille Rolland-Debord, Tymothée Poitou, Marc Clavel, Sébastien Perbet, Nicolas Terzi, Achille Kouatchet, Thomas Similowski, Alexandre Demoule, Université Paris 6 —Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158, Paris S13 Nurse-driven sedation protocol with sedation vacation and incidence of unplanned extubations Pierre Lucas, Julien Charpentier, Michel Arnaout, Thomas Joannon,, Sébastien Lefort, Aude Marincamp, Anne-Sophie Debue, Matthieu Reffienna, Frédéric Pène, Jean-Paul Mira, Alain Cariou, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Working Group on Mechanical Ventilation S14 Lung ultrasound enables to detect weaning-induced cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Alexis Ferre, Max Guillot, Jean-Louis Teboul, Daniel Lichtenstein, Gilbert Meziere, Christian Richard, Xavier Monnet S15 Pleural effusion during the weaning from mechanical ventilation: prevalence and impact Damien Roux, Tai Pham, Alexandra Beurton, Muriel Fartoukh, Jean-Damien Ricard, Alexandre Demoule, Martin Dres S16 Prognostic impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with septic shock Céline Gonzalez, François Dalmay, Emmanuelle Begot, Nicolas Pichon, Bruno François, Anne-Laure Fedou, Catherine Chapellas, Antoine Galy, Philippe Vignon S17 Norepinephrine exerts an inotropic effect at the early phase of human septic shock Olfa Hamzaoui, Mathieu Jozwiak, Thomas Geffriaud, Benjamin Sztrymf, Dominique Prat, Frédéric Jacobs, Xavier Monnet, Pierre Trouiller, Christian Richard, Jean-Louis Teboul S18 Effect of high PEEP after recruitment maneuver on right ventricular function in ARDS: Is it good for the lung and for the heart? Shari El-Dash, Loay Kontar, François Leleu, Bertand De Cagny, François Brazier, Dimitri Titeca, Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Julien Maizel, Michel Slama S19 Myocardial dysfunction during septic shock: prevalence, prognosis and role of loading conditions Florence Boissier, Keyvan Razazi, Aurelien Seemann, Arnaud, W Thille, Nicolas de Prost, Elise Cuquemelle,, Filippo Boroli,, Alexandre Bedet, Pascal Lim, Christian Brun-Buisson, Armand Mekontso Dessap S20 Echocardiography for the critically ill: 1-year experience of a noninvasive intensive care unit W Brahim, R Amara, A Azouzi, Ahmed Khedher, Jihene Ayachi, Rania Bouneb, Y Hamdaoui, Kaoula Meddeb, Mohamed Boussarsar S21 Echocardiographic indices to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients with circulatory failure: which threshold for which aim? Emmanuelle Begot, Xavier Repessé, Julie Léger, Gwenael Prat, Cyril Charron, Pierre-Yves Egreteau, Christophe Jacob, Koceila Bouferache, Loay Kontar, Julien Maizel, Michel Slama, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Philippe Vignon S22 Effects of norepinephrine on the right ventricle assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in the ICU Claire Ragot, Laure Corradi, Frédéric Vargas S23 Effect of recruitment maneuver on left ventricular systolic strain Pablo Mercado, Julien Maizel, Loay Kontar, Bertand De Cagny, François Brazier, Dimitri Titeca, Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Antoine Riviere, Shari El-Dash, Michel Slama S24 Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in two pediatric intensive care units: comparison of two care protocols Laure Maurice, Stéphane Dauger, S Julliand, Anna Deho, Fleur Le Bourgeois S25 NUTRI-REAPED: Nutritional status on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit—a French multicentric study Aurelien Jacquot, Frederic Valla, Bénédicte Gaillard-Le Roux, Flavie Letois, Gilles Cambonie, NutriSIP S26 Apnea test in children for brain death diagnosis: efficacy and complications Alexandre Salvadori, Gaia Ottonello, Stéphane Blanot, Juliette Montmayeur, Gilles Orliaguet S27 Interest of the ultrasound in the central venous catheterization in children poses in intensive care unit Fehmi Ferhi, Hosni Khouadja, Mohamed Amine Bouslama, Affra Brahim, Khalil Tarmiz, Khaled Benjazia S28 Supraclavicular approach to the innominate vein in pediatric intensive care unit: interest in the prevention of thrombosis and catheter-related blood stream infection Flora Habas, Julien Baleine, Julia Lebouhellec, Christophe Milesi, Clementine Combes, Gilles Cambonie S29 EPURE Study: Preliminary results on the organization of pediatric acute dialysis in 2 French-speaking countries Maryline Chomton, Philippe Jouvet, Bruno Ranchin, Marie Alice Macher, Théophile Gaillot, EPURE Study Group S30 Hyperglycemia in severe scorpion envenomed children: incidence and impact outcome Mabrouk Bahloul, Najeh Baccouche, Kais Regaieg, Turki Olfa, Chtara Kamilia, Benhamida Chokri, Hedi Chelly, Mounir Bouaziz S31 Prehospital care and initial hospital care of pediatric patients with severe trauma hospitalized in the ICU at Grenoble University Hospital, data from the “TRENAU” trauma-system Murielle Moine, François Xavier Ageron, Claire Jannel, Thierry Debillon, Isabelle Wroblewski S32 Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multi- or extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison with susceptible strains Matthieu Duprey, Nicolas Bréchot, Alexandra Aubry, Guillaume Hekimian, Matthieu Schmidt, Ania Nieszkowska, Jean Louis Trouillet, Vincent Jarlier, Alain Combes, Jean Chastre, Charles-Edouard Luyt S33 Can we predict a secondary documented infection in patients empirically treated for an invasive candidiasis? Sébastien Bailly, Olivier Leroy, Jean-Paul Mira, Hervé Dupont, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Philippe Montravers, Jean-Michel Constantin, Didier Guillemot, Olivier Lortholary, Pierre-François Perrigault, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit S34 Should aminoglycosides be administered to hematological patients with septic shock? Data from the Groupe de Recherche respiratoire en Réanimation Onco-Hématologique (Grrr-OH) Thomas Longval, Sylvie Chevret, Fabrice Bruneel, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Pène, Julien Mayaux, Achille Kouatchet, Martine Nyunga, Antoine Rabbat, Pierre Perez, Christine Lebert, Dominique Benoit, François Vincent, Virginie Lemiale, Elie Azoulay S35 Is de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy safe in hematology patients? David Schnell, Claire Montlahuc, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Achille Kouatchet, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Michaël Darmon, Frédéric Pène, Virginie Lemiale, Antoine Rabbat, François Vincent, Fabrice Bruneel, Djamel Mokart, Elie Azoulay S36 Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of voriconazole administered through a nasogastric tube with continuous enteral feeding to critically ill ventilated patients Philippe Karoubi, Christophe Huang, Antoine Rabbat, Johanna Oziel, Guillaume Van Der Meersch, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Frédéric Gonzalez, Christophe Clec’h, Christophe Padoin, Yves Cohen S37 Which optimal daily dose for linezolid in burn patients? Amel Mokline, Lazhari Gharsallah, Imen Rahmani, Emna Gaies, Sofiene Tlaili, Bahija Gasri, Rym Hammouda, Sameh Triki, Anis Klouz, Amen Allah Messadi S38 Predictive factors of sub-therapeutic peak concentration after a single dose of amikacin in postoperative cardiovascular critically ill patients Mouhamed Moussa, Flavie Desrumaux S39 Supra-therapeutic serum levels and toxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics in septic ICU patients requiring replacement therapy for acute renal failure: a single-center cohort study Faten May, Marion Perrin, Najoua El-Helali, Jean-Claude Nguyen, Kelly Tiercelet, Stephane Ruckly, Julien Fournier, Mélanie Cherin, Cédric Bruel, Francois Philippart, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Marie Dominique Kitzis, Alban Le Monnier, Jean-François Timsit, Benoit Misset S40 Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: lessons from a monocentric retrospective study Cyrille Mathien, Antoine Poidevin, Luis Donatti, Joy Mootien, Luis Pinto, Mathieu Egard, Gokhan Bodur, Guillaume Barberet, Carmen Ionescu, Frederique Ganster, Philippe Guiot, Khaldoun Kuteifan S41 Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) score for prediction of outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest: results of the OSPICA pilot study Alain Mpela, Jonathan Chelly, Jennifer Brunet, Stéphane Legriel, Laurent Guérin, Romain Persichini, Alexis Soummer, Bertrand Sauneuf, Tai Pham, Thomas Hullin, Nicolas Deye, Pierre Aubertein, Mehran Monchi S42 Delayed awakening after cardiac arrest: causes and outcome in the Parisian registry Marine Paul, Wulfran Bougouin, Guillaume Geri, Florence Dumas, Benoit Champigneulle, Stéphane Legriel, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Paul Mira, Claudio Sandroni, Alain Cariou S43 Incidence and characteristics of sudden unexplained cardiac death: insights from the Parisian registry Olivier Passouant, Guillaume Geri, Florence Dumas, Wulfran Bougouin, Benoit Champigneulle, Michel Arnaout, Jonathan Chelly, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Olivier Varenne, Jean-Paul Mira, Alain Cariou S44 Supranormal oxygen tension is not associated with an impaired redox balance in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest Jean-François Llitjos, Camille Chenevier-Gobeaux, Julien Charpentier, Florence Dumas, Guillaume Geri, Wulfran Bougouin, Benoit Champigneulle, Michel Arnaout, Jean-Paul Mira, Frédéric Pène, Frederic Batteux, Alain Cariou S45 Impaired biological response to aspirin in comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Jean-François Llitjos, Ludovic Drouet, Sebastian Voicu, Nicolas Deye, Bruno Megarbane, Patrick Henry, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger S46 Gender differences in coronary reperfusion after cardiac arrest Wulfran Bougouin, Florence Dumas, Eloi Marijon, Guillaume Geri, Benoit Champigneulle, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Olivier Varenne, Christian Spaulding, Jean-Paul Mira, Xavier Jouven, Alain Cariou S47 Prognostic factors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Martinique: prospective study over a period of 29 months, about 385 cases Dabor Resiere, A. L. Dessoy, Ruddy Valentino, C. Chabartier, Laurent Villain-Coquet, Jean-Louis Ferge, Y. Brouste, Bruno Megarbane, Hossein Mehdaoui S48 Incubation of immune cells in septic plasma: effect on glucose utilization and on phenotypic expression on monocytes, polymorphonuclears and lymphocytes Benjamin Soyer, Valérie Faivre, Charles Damoisel, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Didier Payen de la Garanderie S49 Ex vivo effects of hyperglycemia on phenotype and production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase of human immune cells in acute inflammatory response Benjamin Soyer, Valérie Faivre, Charles Damoisel, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Didier Payen de la Garanderie S52 HMGB1 induces neutrophils dysfunction after septic shock Fabrice Uhel, Murielle Gregoire, Arnaud Gacouin, Caroline Piau, Yves Le Tulzo, Karin Tarte, Jean-Marc Tadié S53 Rapid mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during sepsis and relation with clinical course Thomas Daix, Robin Jeannet, Emmanuelle Begot, Nicolas Pichon, Anne-Laure Fedou, Estelle Guérin, Philippe Vignon, Jean Feuillard, Bruno François S54 Targeted endothelial TREM-1 deletion protects mice during septic shock Lucie Jolly, Amir Boufenzer, Jérémie Lemarie, Kevin Carrasco, Marc Derive, Sebastien Gibot S55 Polymicrobial sepsis inhibits tumor growth in cancer mice Hamid Merdji, Jean-François Llitjos, Christophe Rousseau, Nadia Belaidouni, Julie Toubiana, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Frédéric Pène S56 Telestroke implementation in the biggest French region (12 millions inhabitants): the project ORTIF Yann L’Hermitte, France Woimant, Catherine Oppenheim, Christophe Couvreur, François Dolveck S57 Free haemoglobin concentration in patients with sickle cell disease referred to the emergency room: Is it useful? Pierre Mora, Magali Devriese, Sophie Dupeyrat, Patrick Ray, Guillaume Lefevre, Muriel Fartoukh S58 Evaluation of the prescription and use of antibiotics in an emergency department of a general hospital by Gyssens Method Nicolas Roothaer, Amélie Carpentier, Fabien Vaniet, Antoine Maisonneuve, Eric Wiel S59 High dosages of norepinephrine in trauma patients Sébastien Canu, Emmanuelle Hammad, Francois Antonini, Marion Poirier, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Coralie Vigne, Malik Haddam, Julie Alingrin, Marc Leone S60 Bleeding risk of pleural procedures in patients taking antiplatelet therapy: a multicentric prospective study Laurence Dangers, Gilles Mangiapan, Mikael Alves, Naïke Bigé, Jonathan Messika, Elise Morawiec, Mathilde Neuville, Christophe Cracco, Gaetan Beduneau, Nicolas Terzi, Isabelle Huet, Xavier Dhalluin, Nathalie Bautin, Jean Jacques Quiot, Corinne Appere De Vecchi, Thomas Similowski, Cécile Chenivesse S61 Interest of the association fibrinogen/tranexamic acid in the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage Khalil Tarmiz, Fehmi Ferhi, Hosni Khouadja, Affra Brahim, Mohamed Amine Bouslama, Khaled Benjazia S62 HELLP syndrome in ICU: epidemiological, clinical and prognostic study about 112 cases Fatma Kaaniche Medhioub, Kais Rgieg, Olfa Turki, Mariem Smaoui, Anis Chaari, Benhamida Chokri, Mabrouk Bahloul, Bouaziz Mounir S63 Neurological complications in eclampsia Chaigar Mohammed Cheikh, I. Moussaid, Kamal Belkadi, E. El Alami, S. El Youssoufi, S. Salmi S64 Brain water contain is dependent on plasmatic ammonemia levels in hyperammoniemic encephalopathy, a quantitative CT scan study Nicolas Weiss, Fanny Mochel, Damien Galanaud, Louis Puybasset, Dominique Thabut, Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière Study Group (BLIPS), Paris, France S65 Sodium phenylbutyrate administration to avoid neurological worsening in hepatic encephalopathy patients in ICU Simona Tripon, Marion Lodey, Elsa Guiller, Maxime Mallet, Marika Rudler, Dominique Thabut, Nicolas Weiss, Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière Study Group (BLIPS), Paris, France S66 Disruption of posteromedial large-scale neural communication predicts recovery from coma Stein Silva, Béatrice Riu-Poulenc, Jean Ruiz, Corine Vuillaume, Francesco De Pasquale, Jean Francois Demonet S67 Loss of sleep elements on continuous EEG monitoring is associated with mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock requiring veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Fabrice Sinnah, Marie Amelie Dalloz, Eric Magalhaes, Mathilde Neuville, Roland Smonig, Aguila Radjou, Bruno Mourvillier, Lila Bouadma, Jean-François Timsit, Marie Pia D’ortho, Anny Rouvel-Tallec, Romain Sonneville S68 Protective effects of high-density lipoprotein therapy in a mouse model of ischemic stroke hemorrhagic transformation due to acute hyperglycemia David Couret, Aurélie Catan, Brice Nativel, Cynthia Planesse, Nicolas Diotel, Olivier Meilhac S69 Glucocorticoids as a “rescue therapy” for delayed intracranial hypertension after acute brain injury: a retrospective study Fabian Roy-Gash, Stephane Welschbillig, Elodie Lang, Christophe Lebard, Nicolas Engrand S70 Organ donation: early talks (ET) to relatives before occurence of brain death Anne-Gaelle Si Larbi, Virginie Gaudin, France Bonnin, Oceane Sultan,, Alexis Soummer, Grégoire Trebbia, Cecile Hoc, Emmanuel Mathieu, Bertrand Lapergue, Frederic Bourdain, Charles Cerf S71 Remifentanil target-controlled infusion for procedures generating pain or discomfort in the ICU: feasibility, safety and tolerance evaluation Margot Caron, Antoine Parrot, Maxens Decavèle, Clarisse Blayau, Jean-Pierre Fulgencio, Vincent Labbe, Michel Djibre, El Mahdi Hafiani, Christophe Quesnel, Muriel Fartoukh, Tai Pham S72 Minimizing dead-volume infusion devices leads to a reduction in hypoglycaemia in surgery patients admitted to a perioperative intensive care unit Stephanie Genay, Bertrand Décaudin, Sabine Ethgen, Pascal Odou, Gilles Lebuffe S73 Patient-important outcomes in randomized controlled trials in critically ill patients Stéphane Gaudry, Jonathan Messika, Jean-Damien Ricard, Blandine Pasquet, Sylvie Guillo, Emeline Dubief, Didier Dreyfuss, Florence Tubach S74 Epidemiology of platelets transfusion in critically ill patients Cécile Aubron, Andrew Flint, Michael Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, David Pilcher, Allen Cheng, Colin Hegarty, Anthony Martinelli, Benjamin Howden, Michael Reade, Zoe Mcquilten S75 Outcome of selected nonagenarians admitted in ICUs: a multicenter study from the Outcomerea research group Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Stephane Ruckly, Francois Philippart, Anne Sylvie Dumenil, Dany Goldgran Toledano, Samir Jamali, Carole Schwebel, Lilia Soufir, Christophe Clec’h, Michaël Darmon, Bernard Allaouchiche, Laurent Argaud, Bruno Verdière, Muriel Fartoukh, Mélanie Cherin, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit S76 A systematic follow-up consultation guarantee quality of care in intensive care unit Martine Nyunga, Noémie Banaias, Clément Vanbaelinghem, Céline Broucqsault-Dedrie, Delphine Colling, Marie Kauv, Erik Blondeau, Patrick Herbecq S77 Change in functional autonomy following ICU stay Islem Ouanes, Mahdi Marzouk, Lamia Ouanes-Besbes, Rami Jabla, Chaima Ghribi, Nesrine Boujelbene, Asma Hachani, Saousen Ben Abdallah, Hedia Hammed, Hend Ben Lakhal, Imen Ben Ali, Imen Abdellaoui, Fahmi Dachraoui, Fekri Abroug S78 Outcome of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) elderly patients admitted with solid tumor Edouard Auclin, Emmanuel Guérot, Caroline Haw-Berlemont, Julien Taieb, Stéphane Oudard, Jean-Luc Diehl, Jean-Yves Fagon, Nadia Aissaoui S79 Risks factors for mortality in critically ill children with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy Genevieve Morissette, Wassim Kechaou, Catherine Litalien, Aïcha Merouani, Véronique Phan, Josée Bouchard, Philippe Jouvet S80 Epinephrine use in pediatric septic shock: a retrospective, single-center study on 117 patients Julie Starck, Mehdi Oualha, Nelly Briand, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Sylvain Renolleau, Laurent Dupic S81 Sickle cell disease in pediatric intensive care unit: a five-year retrospective monocentric study of 74 patients Philippe Sachs, S Julliand, François Angoulvant, Julie Sommet, L Holvoet, M Benkerrou, Stéphane Dauger S82 Implementation and evaluation of a paediatric nurse-driven sedation protocol in a PICU Lélia Dreyfus, Fabienne Bordet, Sandrine Touzet, Angélique Denis, Etienne Javouhey S83 Diagnostic evaluation and management of new-onset seizures and seizures with known epilepsy in children: a retrospective and comparative analysis Julien Le Coz, Gérard Chéron, Rima Nabbout, Geraldine Patteau, Claire Heilbronner, Philippe Hubert, Sylvain Renolleau, Mehdi Oualha S84 MRI sedation in children in pediatric hospital in Oran, Algeria Nabil Tabet Aoul, zakaria addou, Ali Douah, Mohamed Moussati, Kamel Belhabiche, Nabil Aouffen S85 Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery: feasibility in clinical practice and impact on ventilation pressures Benjamin Crulli, Baruch Toledano, Nancy Poirier, Suzanne Vobecky, Guillaume Emeriaud S86 Percutaneous central venous cannulation: a Seldinger technique versus an ultrasound guidance technique in a pediatric intensive care unit Fehmi Ferhi, Hosni Khouadja, Mohamed Amine Bouslama, Affra Brahim, Khalil Tarmiz, Khaled Benjazia S87 Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on renal resistive index in healthy volunteers René Robert, M. Vinet, Angéline Jamet, Remi Coudroy, Arnaud W. Thille S88 Peak concentration of high-dose AMIKACIN does not affect renal recovery at day 90: a retrospective study of 93 patients in a single medical Intensive Care Unit Camille Vinclair, Romain Sonneville, Bruno Mourvillier, Mathilde Neuville, Roland Smonig, Eric Magalhaes, Guillaume Voiriot, Aguila Radjou, Jean-François Soubirou, Stephane Ruckly, Lila Bouadma, Jean-François Timsit S89 Resuscitating chronic hypertensive patient with a high mean arterial pressure target during septic shock protects against acute renal failure Julie Boisramé-Helms, Ferhat Meziani, Jean-François Hamel, François Beloncle, Jean-Louis Teboul, Peter Radermacher, Pierre Asfar S90 Guidewire exchange vs new-site placement for temporary dialysis catheters insertion in ICU patients: Is there a greater risk of colonization or dysfunction? Elisabeth Coupez, Jean-François Timsit, Stephane Ruckly, Carole Schwebel, Didier Gruson, Emmanuel Canet, Kada Klouche, Laurent Argaud, Julien Bohé, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, François Vincent, Sophie Cayot, Michaël Darmon, Alexandre Boyer, Elie Azoulay, Lila Bouadma, Alexandre Lautrette, Bertrand Souweine S92 Assessment of chloride levels on renal function after cardiac arrest Cláudia Righy Shinotsuka, Pietro Caironi, Paola Villois, Vito Fontana, Jean-Louis Vincent, Jacques Creteur, Fabio Silvio Taccone S93 Sustained low-efficiency dialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation is safe for patients with acute liver failure or cirrhosis Franck Pourcine, Ly Vong, Jonathan Chelly, Sebastien Jochmans, Oumar Sy, Olivier Ellrodt, Nathalie Rolin, Jean-Emmanuel Alphonsine,, Claire Marie Weyer, Jean Serbource-Goguel, Benoit Akando, Razach Abdallah, Mehran Monchi, Christophe Vinsonneau S94 The new biomarker Nephrocheck™ can discriminate the population of septic shock patients with an AKIN 1 or 2 acute renal failure who will not progress toward the AKIN 3 level Morgane Wetzstein, Loay Kontar, Dimitri Titeca, François Brazier, Bertand De Cagny, Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Antoine Riviere, Michel Slama, Julien Maizel S95 Is thrombocytopenia an early prognostic marker in septic shock? Nadiejda Antier, Christine Binquet, Sandrine Vinault, Ferhat Meziani, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Jean-Pierre Quenot S96 Assessment of fibrinolysis in critically ill patients Yasmina Serroukh, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia, Anne Joosten, Alexandre Rousseau, Patrick Biston, Michael Piagnerelli S97 Early detection of disseminated intravascular coagulation during septic shock: a multicentre prospective study Xavier Delabranche, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Thierry Lavigne, Emmanuelle Mercier, Bruno François, François Severac, Lélia Grunebaum, Laure Stiel, Florence Toti, Ferhat Meziani, Julie Boisramé-Helms, CRICS Network S98 Activation or dysregulation of coagulation during septic shock: How to stratify patients in 2016? Xavier Delabranche, Thierry Lavigne, Laure Stiel, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Achille Kouatchet, Maleka Schenck, Lélia Grunebaum, Yoganaden Mootien, Nicolas Lerolle, Ferhat Meziani S99 Associated factors to early high blood pressure after weaning vasopressors during septic shock Rostane Gaci, Jean-Romain Garric, Damien Barraud, Marie Conrad, Aurélie Cravoisy-Popovic, Jérémie Lemarie, Charles-Henri Maigrat, Pierre-Edouard Bollaert, Sébastien Gibot S100 Impact of endotracheal intubation on septic shock outcome: a post hoc analysis of the SEPSISPAM trial Agathe Delbove, Cédric Darreau, Nicolas Lerolle, Pierre Asfar, CNER DESC réanimation grand ouest S101 Corporal Contention at the Onset of Septic shock (COCOONs): study protocol and preliminary results of a phase II trial Auguste Dargent, Audrey Large, Agnès Soudry-Faure, Sebastien Prin, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, Jean-Pierre Quenot, COCOONs Study Group S102 Veno-arterial ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock following cardiac arrest Marc Pineton De Chambrun, Nicolas Bréchot, Guillaume Hekimian, Guillaume Lebreton, Matthieu Schmidt, Pierre Demondion, Ania Nieszkowska, Jean Louis Trouillet, Pascal Leprince, Jean Chastre, Alain Combes, Charles-Edouard Luyt S103 Outcome of patients with pulmonary embolism treated by extra-corporeal life support (ECLS) Jean-Christophe Blanchard, François Belon, Sydney Chocron, Nicolas Meneveau, Loïc Barrot, Nicolas Belin, Bérengère Vivet, Guylaine Labro, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Cyrille Patry, Gaël Piton, Gilles Capellier S104 Acute massive pulmonary embolism rescued by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Filippo Corsi, Guillaume Lebreton, Nicolas Bréchot, Guillaume Hékimian, Ania Nieszkowska, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Pascal Leprince, Jean Louis Trouillet, Alain Combes, Matthieu Schmidt S105 Outcome of patient recused for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for ARDS Pierre-Emmanuel Meynieu, Benjamin Repusseau, Virginie Perrier, Arnaud Germain, Antoine Dewitte, Hadrien Roze, Alexandre Ouattara S106 Refractory electrical storm rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Guillaume Baudry, Guillaume Lebreton, Guillaume Hekimian, Nicolas Brechot, Ania Nieszkowska, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Jean Louis Trouillet, Pascal Leprince, Alain Combes, Matthieu Schmidt S107 Incidence and determinants of severe bleeding among patients with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Lucie Hierle, François Belon, Guillaume Besch, Sebastien Pili-Floury, Loïc Barrot, Bérengère Vivet, Guylaine Labro, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Cyrille Patry, Nicolas Belin, Gaël Piton, Gilles Capellier S108 Venovenous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation device-related infections and colonizations Guillemette Thomas, Jean-Marie Forel, Nadim Cassir, Sami Hraiech, Christophe Guervilly, Fanny Klasen, Mélanie Adda, Stéphanie Dizier, Antoine Roch, Laurent Papazian S109 High emergency lung transplant for end-stage cystic fibrosis: ECMO as a bridge to transplant for patients with temporary contraindications Grégoire Trebbia, Kiruba Govindaradjou, Alexis Soummer, Jérôme Devaquet, Clément Picard, Antoine Roux, François Parquin, Elise Cuquemelle, Morgan Leguen, Marie-Louise Felten, Edouard Sage, Alain Chapelier, Charles Cerf S110 Malignant acute respiratory distress syndrome in diffuse lepidic adenocarcinoma (DLA): diagnosis and current issues Maxens Decavèle, Antoine Parrot, Michael Duruisseaux, Jocelyne Fleury, Martine Antoine, Marie-France Carette, Marie Wislez, Muriel Fartoukh S111 Acute respiratory failure from pulmonary leukemic infiltrates: diagnosis contribution of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) Claire Givel, Virginie Lemiale, Constance De Margerie-Mellon, Etienne Lengliné, Leïla Mourtada, François Vincent, Akli Chermak, Eric De Kerviler, Elie Azoulay S112 Characteristics and outcome of patients with interstitial lung disease admitted to the intensive care unit over a 15-year period Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Frédéric Gonzalez, Olivia Freynet, Guillaume Van Der Meersch, Johanna Oziel, Christophe Huang, Philippe Karoubi, Christophe Clec’h, Yves Cohen S113 Outcome of patients admitted in intensive care unit for acute manifestation of small vessel vasculitis Antoine Kimmoun, Elisabeth Baux, Vincent Das, Nicolas Terzi, Patrice Talec, Stephan Ehrmann, Guillaume Geri, Steven Grange, Nadia Anguel, Alexandre Demoule, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Elie Azoulay, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Guillaume Louis, Romain Sonneville, Nicolas Girerd, Bruno Levy S114 A monocenter retrospective study of predictive factors of prolonged intensive care unit hospitalization after a whole lung lavage procedure for patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Pauline Tallon, Alice Hadchouel-Duvergé, Nadège Salvi, Pascale Cairet, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Mehdi Oualha, Fabrice Lesage, Laure De Saint Blanquat, Sylvain Renolleau, Christophe Delacourt, Laurent Dupic S115 Free fatty acids plasma profile during acute chest syndrome in adult patients with sickle cell disease: a pilot study Blandine Lefebvre Blandine, Guillaume Lefevre, Laurence Beraud, Pierre Mora, Zoé Coppere, Antonin Lamaziere, François Lionnet, Muriel Fartoukh S116 Extravascular lung water and lung ultrasound to predict severe primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation Samuel Lehingue, Christophe Guervilly, Stéphanie Dizier, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Xavier D’journo, Guillemette Thomas, Fanny Klasen, Mélanie Adda, Antoine Roch, Forel Jean-Marie, Marc Leone, Laurent Papazian S117 Results of the international multicentric prospective observational study Phase Angle Project: phase angle measured by bioimpedance analysis at intensive care unit (ICU) admission predicts 28-day survival Ronan Thibault, Anne-Marie Makhlouf, Aurélien Mulliez, Cristina Gonzalez, Sylvain Dadet, Gintautas Kekstas, Jean-Charles Preiser, Kozjek Nada Rotovnik, Isabel Ceniceros Rozalen, Kinga Kupczyk, Zeljko Krznaric, Fabienne Tamion, Noël Cano, Claude Pichard, Phase angle project Investigators S118 Nutrireaped: a survey of physician nutrition practices and knowledge in French-speaking pediatric intensive care units Bénédicte Gaillard-Le Roux, Aurelien Jacquot, Corinne Jotterand, Shancy Rooze, Clemence Moullet, Flavie Letois, Frederic Valla S119 A computerized tool increases compliance to caloric and protein targets and may lower mortality in neutropenic hematologic patients in the ICU: the NUTCHOCO study: NUTritionnal Care in Hematologic Oncologic patients and Critical Outcome Aurélia Henin, Florence Ettori, Christophe Zemmour, Laurent Chow-Chine, Jeanpaul Brun, Antoine Sannini, Magali Bisbal, Marion Faucher, Jean Marie Boher, Djamel Mokart S120 Systemic evaluation of intakes in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation: the STARVE study Michel Arnaout, Aude Marincamp, Matthieu Reffienna, Anne-Sophie Debue, Pierre Lucas, Audrey Feltry, Julien Charpentier, Benoit Champigneulle, Wulfran Bougouin, Guillaume Geri, Frédéric Pène, Jean-Paul Mira, Alain Cariou, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Groupe de travail sur la ventilation S121 Computerized glucose control in the ICU Salah Adel Ben, Juliette Audibert, Alexandre Conia, Olivier Gontier, Mouldi Hamrouni, Thierry Lherm, Abdelkader Ouchenir, Jérôme Rétif, Alain Proudhom, Chantal Lagardere, Stéphane Tissot, Pierre Kalfon S122 Toxicodynetics in mono-intoxications with oxazepam and nordiazepam: an approach to a better understanding of drug–drug interaction Lynn Sacre, Antoine Villa, Alaywa Khadija, Robert Garnier, Frederic Baud S123 Rapid triage of victims suspected of a chemical attack: a one-page sheet allowing identifying the toxidrome: the doctors without borders (MSF) experience Frederic Baud, Robert Garnier, Brigitte Vasset, Annette Heinzelman S124 Low sensitivity of toxicological analysis in daily practice of acute poisonings: an endless rupture in spite of modern technology Frederic Baud, Alaywa Khadija, Romain Jouffroy, Lionel Lamhaut S125 Context of the request and interest of toxicological screening in a medical intensive care unit Elsa Démarest Durand, Fabienne Tamion, Christophe Girault, Gaetan Beduneau, Dorothée Carpentier, Patricia Compagnon, Steven Grange S126 Acute poisoning in emergency department Neila Maaroufi, Dhaouadi Mahassen S127 Management of poising: Are there differences between specialised and non-specialised emergencies? A M’rad, Alia Jebri, Youssef Blel, Hend Ben Lakhal, Messaouda Khelfa, Nozha Brahmi, H Thabet S128 Jusquiame poisoning: report of a family intoxication Hassen Ben Ghezala, Salah Snouda, Rebeh Daoudi, Moez Kaddour S129 Morbi-mortality of poisoning episodes in Paris region: a test for a multisource surveillance system Céline Legout, Robert Garnier, Antoine Villa, Frederic Baud, Philippe Aegerter, Anne Castot-Villepelet S130 Atypical pneumonia in the ICU: a retrospective multicentric study Sandrine Valade, Virginie Lemiale, Laurent Argaud, Frédéric Pène, Laurent Papazian, Fabrice Bruneel, Amélie Seguin, Achille Kouatchet, Johanna Oziel, Olivier Lesieur, Florence Boissier, Bruno Megarbane, Naïke Bigé, Noelle Brule, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Alexandre Lautrette, Elie Azoulay S131 Severe leptospirosis: analysis of mortality and organ failures in 134 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit Benjamin Delmas, Julien Jabot, Paul Chanareille, Jérôme Allyn, Nicolas Allou, Cyril Ferdynus, Bernard-Alex Gauzere, Olivier Martinet, David Vandroux S132 In severe pneumonia, respiratory viruses are not passengers but pathogens Guillaume Voiriot, Benoit Visseaux, Johana Cohen, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen, Mathilde Neuville, Caroline Morbieu, Charles Burdet, Aguila Radjou, François-Xavier Lescure, Roland Smonig, Laurence Armand-Lefevre, Bruno Mourvillier, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jean-François Soubirou, Stephane Ruckly, Nadira Houhou-Fidouh, Jean-François Timsit S133 Critical care management of patients with HHV8-associated disorders Marine Cazaux, Claire Pichereau, Marion Venot, Sandrine Valade, Virginie Lemiale, Akli Chermak, Emmanuel Canet, Le Goff Jérôme, Veronique Meignin, David Boutboul, Lionel Galicier, Elie Azoulay, Eric Mariotte S134 Emerging moulds in critically ill patients: epidemiological trends, clinical features and ICU outcome Laura Platon, Philippe Rispail, Vincent Brunot, N. Besnard, Patrice Ceballos, Kada Klouche S135 Intensive care unit-associated bloodstream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill cancer patients: a 12-year retrospective study Annabelle Stoclin, Federico Rotolo, Muriel Wartelle, Yosr Hicheri, Sylvia Maillet, Elisabeth Chachaty, Jean-Pierre Pignon, François Blot S136 Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for intensive care unit-acquired infections? Marion Venot, Stephane Ruckly, Christophe Clec’h, Michaël Darmon, Bernard Allaouchiche, Dany Goldgran Toledano, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Christophe Adrie, Jean-François Timsit, Elie Azoulay PHYSIOTHERAPISTS ABSTRACTS O85 Short-term physiological effects of nasal high-flow in healthy subjects. Impact of flow rates on the work of breathing Mathieu Delorme, Pierre Alexandre Bouchard, Mathieu Simon, François Lellouche O86 High-flow therapy allows a decreased workload of accessory respiratory muscles Emilie Bialais, Dupuis Julie, Laura Paoloni, Gregory Reychler, Xavier Wittebolle O87 Patient perception and feasibility of early mobilization in the critically ill Cheryl Hickmann, Diego Castanares-Zapatero, Emilie Bialais, Jonathan Dugernier, Antoine Tordeur, Lise Colmant, Xavier Wittebole, Giuseppe Tirone, Jean Roeseler, Pierre-François Laterre P252 Early rehabilitation in critically ill patients: a prospective multicenter assessment of real-life practice Lorraine Ducroux, Sylvie L’hotellier, Elodie Baumgarten, Stéphanie Borschneck, Francis Schneider, Vincent Castelain P253 Motor imagery and functional magnetic resonance imaging Claire Kemlin, Eric Moulton, Charlotte Rosso P254 Thoracic ultrasound: potential new tool for physiotherapists in respiratory management—a narrative review Aymeric Le Neindre, Silvia Mongodi, Francois Philippart, Béaïd Bouhemad P255 In vitro comparison of a vibrating-mesh nebulizer operating in expiratory synchronized and inspiratory nebulization modes during noninvasive ventilation Joana Rodrigues, Caroline Botteau, Jonathan Dugernier, Giuseppe Liistro, Gregory Reychler, Jean-Bernard Michotte P256 Evaluation of a new system of oxygen administration: the Wenoll system Frédéric Duprez, François Waroquier, Karel Christiaens, Grégory Cuvelier, Frank Vantrimpont, Sharam Machayeckhi P257 Evaluation of three portable oxyconcentrators in high altitude Frédéric Duprez, François Waroquier, Karel Christiaens, Grégory Cuvelier, Charbel Elkhawand, Frank Vantrimpont, Sharam Machayeckhi, Frank Vermeesh
Published: 2016

23. The immune system profoundly restricts intratumor genetic heterogeneity

Author: Ludovic Deriano, Guy Shakhar, Zacarias Garcia, Philippe Bousso, Leïla Perié, Ronan Thibaut, Idan Milo, Marie Bedora-Faure, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Intégrité du génome, immunité et cancer - Genome integrity, Immunity and Cancer, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Physico-Chimie-Curie (PCC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Immunology, Computational biology, Biology, Genetic Heterogeneity, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, Animals, B-cell lymphoma, Mice, Knockout, Genetic diversity, Genetic heterogeneity, Neoplasms, Experimental, General Medicine, Intravital Imaging, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Lymphoma, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Bone marrow
Abstract: International audience; Tumors develop under the selective pressure of the immune system. However, it remains critical to establish how the immune system affects the clonal heterogeneity of tumors that often display cell-to-cell variation in genetic alterations and antigenic expression. To address these questions, we introduced a multicolor barcoding strategy to study the growth of a MYC-driven B cell lymphoma harboring a large degree of intratumor genetic diversity. Using intravital imaging, we visualized that lymphoma subclones grow as patches of sessile cells in the bone marrow, creating a spatially compartmentalized architecture for tumor diversity. Using multicolor barcoding and whole-exome sequencing, we demonstrated that immune responses strongly restrict intratumor genomic diversity and favor clonal dominance, a process mediated by the selective elimination of more immunogenic cells and amplified by epitope spreading. Anti-PD-1 treatment also narrowed intratumor diversity. Our results provide direct evidence that immune pressure shapes the level of intratumor genetic heterogeneity and have important implications for the design of therapeutic strategies.
Published: 2018

24. A metabolism-based quorum sensing mechanism contributes to termination of inflammatory responses

Author: Postat, Jérémy, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Philippe Bousso, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Comportement collectif, Collective behavior, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Recruitment of immune cells during infection is essential to fueling the immune response but can also trigger immunopathology. A critical question is how the immune system can sense inflammation levels and self-adjust accordingly to limit tissue damage while removing the pathogen. During my Ph.D. I studied the self-resolving cutaneous infection with Leishmania major parasites where tissue damage arises when inflammation is allowed to become excessive. At the site of infection, the immune reaction is driven by recruited monocyte-derived cells that represents the major population of infected cells and are also actively involved in fighting the infection. They secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines but also produce nitric oxide (NO), critical to regulate the outcome of the infection: iNOS KO mice are susceptible and do not control the parasite load, subsequently developing severe tissue damage because of excessive immune cell infiltration. My work demonstrated that monocyte-derived cells at the site of infection are regulated by NO that limits their cellular respiration, lowers their energetic resources and consequently their activity in vivo. This regulation relies on tissue-wide NO diffusion and only exists when a sufficient cell density has been reached, revealing that monocyte-derived cells are endowed with a quorum sensing mechanism that adjusts their population size and activity in time and space to avoid immunopathology.; Lors d’une infection, le recrutement de cellules immunitaires au site inflammatoire est nécessaire pour la lutte contre le pathogène mais peut également participer au déclenchement d’une immunopathologie. Il n’est pas encore clair aujourd’hui s’il existe des mécanismes permettant au système immunitaire de percevoir l’intensité de la réponse inflammatoire pour s’autoréguler afin d’éviter une importante destruction tissulaire tout en éliminant le pathogène. Pendant mes études doctorales, j’ai étudié l’infection asymptomatique par le parasite Leishmania major qui peut générer d’important dommages au tissu si l’inflammation devient excessive. La réaction immunitaire contre le parasite est contrôlée par des cellules dérivées de monocytes qui sont recrutées au site inflammatoire et y forment la principale population infectée en plus de participer activement à la réaction inflammatoire. Elles secrètent des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et produisent de l’oxyde nitrique (NO) qui est essentiel pour une issue favorable de la maladie. En effet, les souris déficientes pour l’enzyme iNOS (synthétisant le NO) contrôlent moins bien l’infection et développent systématiquement de graves symptômes associés à d’importants dommages tissulaires, causés par un recrutement incontrôlé de cellules immunitaires. Mon travail a montré que les cellules dérivées de monocytes sont régulées au site d’infection par le NO qui limite leur respiration cellulaire, diminuant ainsi leurs ressources énergétiques et leur activité in vivo. Ce mode de régulation nécessite la diffusion du NO à distance et n’existe que lorsque les cellules dérivées de monocytes sont densité suffisante. Ceci montre que ces cellules sont régulées par un mécanisme de détection du quorum, basé sur le métabolisme cellulaire, qui permet d’ajuster finement la quantité de cellules immunitaires actives dans l’espace et le temps pour éviter le développement d’une immunopathologie.
Published: 2018

25. A metabolism-based quorum sensing mechanism contributes to termination of inflammatory responses

Author: Postat, Jérémy, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Philippe Bousso, and STAR, ABES
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Comportement collectif, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Collective behavior, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Recruitment of immune cells during infection is essential to fueling the immune response but can also trigger immunopathology. A critical question is how the immune system can sense inflammation levels and self-adjust accordingly to limit tissue damage while removing the pathogen. During my Ph.D. I studied the self-resolving cutaneous infection with Leishmania major parasites where tissue damage arises when inflammation is allowed to become excessive. At the site of infection, the immune reaction is driven by recruited monocyte-derived cells that represents the major population of infected cells and are also actively involved in fighting the infection. They secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines but also produce nitric oxide (NO), critical to regulate the outcome of the infection: iNOS KO mice are susceptible and do not control the parasite load, subsequently developing severe tissue damage because of excessive immune cell infiltration. My work demonstrated that monocyte-derived cells at the site of infection are regulated by NO that limits their cellular respiration, lowers their energetic resources and consequently their activity in vivo. This regulation relies on tissue-wide NO diffusion and only exists when a sufficient cell density has been reached, revealing that monocyte-derived cells are endowed with a quorum sensing mechanism that adjusts their population size and activity in time and space to avoid immunopathology., Lors d’une infection, le recrutement de cellules immunitaires au site inflammatoire est nécessaire pour la lutte contre le pathogène mais peut également participer au déclenchement d’une immunopathologie. Il n’est pas encore clair aujourd’hui s’il existe des mécanismes permettant au système immunitaire de percevoir l’intensité de la réponse inflammatoire pour s’autoréguler afin d’éviter une importante destruction tissulaire tout en éliminant le pathogène. Pendant mes études doctorales, j’ai étudié l’infection asymptomatique par le parasite Leishmania major qui peut générer d’important dommages au tissu si l’inflammation devient excessive. La réaction immunitaire contre le parasite est contrôlée par des cellules dérivées de monocytes qui sont recrutées au site inflammatoire et y forment la principale population infectée en plus de participer activement à la réaction inflammatoire. Elles secrètent des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et produisent de l’oxyde nitrique (NO) qui est essentiel pour une issue favorable de la maladie. En effet, les souris déficientes pour l’enzyme iNOS (synthétisant le NO) contrôlent moins bien l’infection et développent systématiquement de graves symptômes associés à d’importants dommages tissulaires, causés par un recrutement incontrôlé de cellules immunitaires. Mon travail a montré que les cellules dérivées de monocytes sont régulées au site d’infection par le NO qui limite leur respiration cellulaire, diminuant ainsi leurs ressources énergétiques et leur activité in vivo. Ce mode de régulation nécessite la diffusion du NO à distance et n’existe que lorsque les cellules dérivées de monocytes sont densité suffisante. Ceci montre que ces cellules sont régulées par un mécanisme de détection du quorum, basé sur le métabolisme cellulaire, qui permet d’ajuster finement la quantité de cellules immunitaires actives dans l’espace et le temps pour éviter le développement d’une immunopathologie.
Published: 2018

26. A metabolism-based quorum sensing mechanism contributes to termination of inflammatory responses

Author: Fabrice Lemaître, Philippe Bousso, Romain Olekhnovitch, Jérémy Postat, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, The work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, and by a Starting (Lymphocytecontact) and an Advanced Grant (ENLIGHTEN) from the European Research Council., European Project: 260499,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091118,LYMPHOCYTECONTACTS(2011), European Project: 741167,ERC-2016-ADG,ENLIGHTEN(2018), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cellular respiration, Immunology, Population, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Inflammation, Mice, Transgenic, Monocytes, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, nitric oxide, Immunopathology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Leishmania major, Secretion, education, Cells, Cultured, Leishmania, education.field_of_study, biology, Macrophages, quorum sensing, biology.organism_classification, OXPHOS, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Quorum sensing, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, HEK293 Cells, inflammation, Cytokines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.symptom, monocyte-derived cells, metabolism, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Recruitment of immune cells during infection is essential to fueling the immune response but can also trigger immunopathology. A critical question is how the immune system can sense inflammation levels and self-adjust accordingly to limit tissue damage while removing the pathogen. During my Ph.D. I studied the self-resolving cutaneous infection with Leishmania major parasites where tissue damage arises when inflammation is allowed to become excessive. At the site of infection, the immune reaction is driven by recruited monocyte-derived cells that represents the major population of infected cells and are also actively involved in fighting the infection. They secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines but also produce nitric oxide (NO), critical to regulate the outcome of the infection: iNOS KO mice are susceptible and do not control the parasite load, subsequently developing severe tissue damage because of excessive immune cell infiltration. My work demonstrated that monocyte-derived cells at the site of infection are regulated by NO that limits their cellular respiration, lowers their energetic resources and consequently their activity in vivo. This regulation relies on tissue-wide NO diffusion and only exists when a sufficient cell density has been reached, revealing that monocyte-derived cells are endowed with a quorum sensing mechanism that adjusts their population size and activity in time and space to avoid immunopathology.
Published: 2018

27. Cholangiopathy in critically ill patients surviving beyond the intensive care period: a multicentre survey in liver units

Author: Jean-Marie Cournac, Lucie Laurent, Matthieu Legrand, Armelle Poujol-Robert, Géraldine Lamblin, Emile-Alexandre Pariente, Caroline Lemaitre, Nassim Mostefa-Kara, Anne Minello, Valérie Vilgrain, Anne Gervais-Hasenknopf, Guillaume Savoye, Dominique-Charles Valla, Odile Goria, Pauline Belenotti, Pierre Bedossa, Aurélie Plessier, Philippe Sogni, Fabienne Tamion, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie [CHU Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Centre hospitalier de Pau, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Elbeuf - Louviers - Val de Reuil, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biomarqueurs CArdioNeuroVASCulaires (BioCANVAS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Rouen], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques - UFC (EA 481) (NEURO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie [Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service Hépatologie Gastro-Entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service de Médecine Interne (MARSEILLE - Med Int), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Endothélium, valvulopathies et insuffisance cardiaque (EnVI), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Beaujon-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes, Service de biochimie INSERM UMR-S942, Hôpital Lariboisière-APHP, and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: Male, Gastroenterology, Distal Common Bile Duct, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholangiography, Liver Function Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Liver Function Tests, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Cholangiography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Liver Diseases, MESH: Aged 80 and over, Middle Aged, Jaundice, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, MESH: Young Adult, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Critical Illness, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Liver Diseases, Adolescent, Critical Care, Critical Illness, Intrahepatic bile ducts, Bile Duct Diseases, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cholestasis, MESH: Critical Care, Internal medicine, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Hepatology, business.industry, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, MESH: Intensive Care Units, MESH: Bile Duct Diseases, MESH: Bile Ducts, business, Liver function tests, MESH: Female
Abstract: IF 7.286; International audience; BACKGROUND:The outcome of cholangiopathy developing in intensive care unit (ICU) is not known in patients surviving their ICU stay.AIM:To perform a survey in liver units, in order to clarify the course of cholangiopathy after surviving ICU stay.METHODS:The files of the liver units affiliated to the French network for vascular liver disease were screened for cases of ICU cholangiopathy developing in patients with normal liver function tests on ICU admission, and no prior history of liver disease.RESULTS:Between 2005 and 2015, 16 cases were retrieved. Extensive burns were the cause for admission to ICU in 11 patients. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels increased from day 11 (2-46) to a peak of 15 (4-32) × ULN on day 81 (12-511). Magnetic resonance cholangiography showed irregularities or frank stenosis of the intrahepatic ducts, and proximal extrahepatic ducts contrasting with a normal aspect of the distal common bile duct. Follow-up duration was 20.6 (4.7-71.8) months. Three patients were lost to follow-up; 2 patients died from liver failure and no patient was transplanted. One patient had worsening strictures of the intrahepatic bile ducts with jaundice. Nine patients had persistent but minor strictures of the intrahepatic bile ducts on MR cholangiography, and persistent cholestasis without jaundice. One patient had normal liver function tests.CONCLUSIONS:In patients surviving their ICU stay, ICU cholangiopathy is not uniformly fatal in the short term or clinically symptomatic in the medium term. Preservation of the distal common bile duct appears to be a finding differentiating ICU cholangiopathy from other diffuse cholangiopathies.
Published: 2017

28. CXCR3/CXCL10 Axis Shapes Tissue Distribution of Memory Phenotype CD8 + T Cells in Nonimmunized Mice

Author: Molly A. Ingersoll, Matthew L. Albert, Philippe Bousso, David Michonneau, Cécile Alanio, Rosa Barreira da Silva, Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc. [San Francisco], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, This work was supported by the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR-14-CE14-0030 PriCelAge to C.A. and M.L.A.), the Ligue contre le Cancer (to M.L.A.), the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (to M.L.A.), the European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie Action (PCIG11-GA-2012-3221170 to M.A.I.), and the French Government’s Invest in the Future Program, managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (LabEx Immuno-Onco [to C.A., R.B.d.S., M.A.I., and M.L.A.] and LabEx Milieu Interieur [postdoctoral fellowship to C.A. and M.L.A.]). C.A. received a Ph.D. fellowship from Institut National du Cancer (Soutien à la Recherche Formation en Recherche Translationelle), and R.B.d.S. was the recipient of a Pasteur-Roux postdoctoral fellowship from the Institut Pasteur., ANR-14-CE14-0030,PriCelAge,Induction de réponses cellulaires T avec l'âge avancé(2014), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, education.field_of_study, Transgene, Immunology, Population, T-cell receptor, hemic and immune systems, Biology, CXCR3, Phenotype, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, CXCL10, Cytotoxic T cell, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, education, CD8, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The preimmune repertoire consists of mature T lymphocytes that have not yet been stimulated in the periphery. Memory phenotype (MP) cells have been reported as part of the preimmune repertoire (i.e., T cells bearing memory markers despite lack of engagement with cognate Ag); however, little is known about their trafficking and function. In this study, we hypothesized that MP cells, naive to TCR stimulation, constitute a transient population that traffics to tissues during development. Using mutant and transgenic animals with a monospecific TCR, we discovered increased numbers of MP CD8+ T cells circulating in nonimmunized Cxcr3−/− and Cxcl10−/− mice compared with wild-type animals. Phenotypic differences included decreased numbers of preimmune MP Ag-specific T cells in the skin and thymus and a distinct pattern of activation upon TCR engagement. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, an important role for CXCR3 and CXCL10 in the tissue distribution of preimmune MP cells.
Published: 2017

29. A human immune system mouse model with robust lymph node development

Author: Hugo Mouquet, Grégory Jouvion, Helene Strick-Marchand, Ai Ing Lim, Nicolas Serafini, Zacarias Garcia, Philippe Bousso, Yan Li, Daniela Finke, Olivier Schwartz, Timothée Bruel, Ayrin Kök, Franck Bourgade, Guillemette Masse-Ranson, Thierry Hieu, Antoine Toubert, Mathilde Dusséaux, James P. Di Santo, Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Réponse humorale aux pathogènes, Neuropathologie expérimentale / Experimental neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), Animalerie centrale (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Developmental Immunology, University of Basel (Unibas), This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) programme RPIB (Im_HIS to J.P.D.), the Laboratoire d’Excellence REVIVE (grant ANR-10-LABX-73 to Y.L. and J.P.D.), the Laboratoire d’Excellence Vaccine Research Institute (grant ANR-10-LABX-77 to T.B. and O.S.), the Laboratoire d’Excellence Milieu Intérieur (grant ANR-10-LABX-69 to H.M.), the Laboratoire d’Excellence IBEID (grant ANR-10-LABX-62 to O.S.), the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hepatitis (grant 15465 to O.S.), the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme no. 305578 (PathCO, to J.P.D.), the European Research Council (grant ERC-2013-StG 337146 to A.K. and T.H., grant ERC-2017-AvG 771167 to P.B.), Gilead Sciences (grant 00397 to G.M.-R. and J.P.D.), the Institut Pasteur (Core grant to J.P.D., G5 Program to H.M.), and INSERM (Core grant to J.P.D.)., ANR-10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 305578,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,PATHCO(2012), European Project: 337146,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,HUMANTIVIRUSES(2014), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, T-Lymphocytes, MESH: Lymph Nodes, HIV Infections, Biochemistry, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH: HIV-1, Mice, MESH: Animals, Lymph node, Mice, Knockout, MESH: Cytokines, B-Lymphocytes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Virus Latency, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, Virus Latency, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphatic system, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, MESH: Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Cytokines, Female, Lymph, Biotechnology, Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, Transgene, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, MESH: Models, Immunological, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Immunity, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: B-Lymphocytes, medicine, Animals, Humans, Secondary lymphoid tissue, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, MESH: Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit, Models, Immunological, Cell Biology, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, MESH: Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Immunoglobulin class switching, Immunology, HIV-1, Lymph Nodes, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Lymph nodes (LNs) facilitate the cellular interactions that orchestrate immune responses. Human immune system (HIS) mice are powerful tools for interrogation of human immunity but lack secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT) as a result of a deficiency in Il2rg-dependent lymphoid tissue inducer cells. To restore LN development, we induced expression of thymic-stromal-cell-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) in a Balb/c Rag2-/-Il2rg-/-SirpaNOD (BRGS) HIS mouse model. The resulting BRGST HIS mice developed a full array of LNs with compartmentalized human B and T cells. Compared with BRGS HIS mice, BRGST HIS mice have a larger thymus, more mature B cells, and abundant IL-21-producing follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and show enhanced antigen-specific responses. Using BRGST HIS mice, we demonstrated that LN TFH cells are targets of acute HIV infection and represent a reservoir for latent HIV. In summary, BRGST HIS mice reflect the effects of SLT development on human immune responses and provide a model for visualization and interrogation of regulators of immunity.
Published: 2017

30. Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral regimens in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients – French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort

Author: Philippe Sogni, Anne Simon, Lionel Piroth, Karine Lacombe, Camille Gilbert, Elina Teicher, Patrick Miailhes, David Zucman, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Philippe Morlat, Daniel Vittecoq, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Dominique Salmon, Claudine Duvivier, François Dabis, Hugues Aumaitre, Laure Esterle, Laurent Alric, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Linda Wittkop, Stéphanie Dominguez, Anne Gervais, Olivier Bouchaud, François Boué, Patrizia Carrieri, Julie Chas, Eric Rosenthal, Didier Neau, Eric Billaud, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CIC-EC - Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de biochimie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU de Bordeaux), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Université de Bourgogne (UB), Team MORPH3EUS (INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d’information Médicale [CHU de Bordeaux] (Pôle de Santé Publique), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint-Antoine], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Hôpital Archet 2 [Nice] (CHU), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Service d'immuno-hématologie clinique (CISIH), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'immunologie clinique [Créteil], Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales A [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint Louis], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (DMIIC), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre], Hôpital Bicêtre, Centre Hépato-Biliaire [Hôpital Paul Brousse] (CHB), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [AP-HP Hôpital Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis C virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Integrase inhibitor, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, HIV/HCV co-infection, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Hepatology, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, business.industry, Coinfection, Ribavirin, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 3. Good health, Regimen, Sustained virological response, Logistic Models, chemistry, Immunology, Cohort, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, All-oral DAA, business, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Background & aims: There is little data available on the use of new oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens to treat human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) co-infected patients in real-life settings. Here, the efficacy and safety of all-oral DAA-based regimens in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients enrolled in the French nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH observational cohort are reported.Methods: HIV/HCV-co-infected patients enrolled in the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH observational cohort were included if they began an all-oral DAA-based regimen before 1st May 2015 (12-week regimens) or 1st February 2015 (24-week regimens). Treatment success (SVR12) was defined by undetectable HCV-RNA 12weeks after treatment cessation. Exact logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with SVR12.Results: A total of 323 patients (74% men) with a median age of 53years were included, 99% of whom were on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HIV RNA load was
Published: 2017

31. In vivo effector functions of high-affinity mouse IgG receptor FcγRI in disease and therapy models

Author: Caitlin M. Gillis, Macdonald Lynn, Friederike Jönsson, Andrew J. Murphy, Priscila P. Zenatti, Héloïse Beutier, Pierre Bruhns, Susanna Celli, David A. Mancardi, Philippe Bousso, Laurence Fiette, Lassailly-Bondaz, Anne, Role of myeloid cells, their mediators and their antibody receptors in allergic shock (anaphylaxis) using humanized mouse models and clinical samples - MYELOSHOCK - - EC:FP7:ERC2014-09-01 - 2019-08-31 - 616050 - VALID, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Anticorps en thérapie et pathologie - Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Regeneron Pharmaceuticals [Tarrytown], Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, This work was mainly supported by the Institut Pasteur and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), anaphylaxis studies were specifically supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC)–Seventh Frame-work Program (ERC-2013-CoG 616050). C.G. was supported partly by a stipend from the Pasteur - Paris University (PPU) International PhD program and by the Institut Carnot PasteurMaladies Infectieuses, and partly by the Balsan company. P.P.Z. was supported by FAPESP, process number 2014/233533-9. F.J. is an employee of the Center National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). H.B. is supported by a fellowship from the University Pierre et Marie Curie., We are thankful to O. Godon, B. Iannascoli, B. Todorova and O. Richard-LeGoff for technical help, the members of the Unit of Dynamics of Immune Responses for experimental advice and discussion, the Service Communication Institutionnelle et Image, Institut Pasteur, Paris, for photography work (Supplementary Fig. 3D), A-M. Nicola (Plate-Forme d'Imagerie Dynamique, Institut Pasteur, Paris) for help with bioluminescence experiments, and D. Sinnaya for administrative help (Institut Pasteur, Paris). We are thankful to our colleagues for their generous gifts: D. Mathis and C. Benoist (HMS, Boston, MA, USA) and IGBMC (Illkirch, France) for K/BxN mice, R. Good (USFCM, Tampa, FL, USA) for IgG2a mAb 6A6, S. Izui (University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland) for IgG2a mAb Hy1.2, Genentech for anti-mouse CD20 mAb 5D2, and N. Van Rooijen (VU Medical Center, The Netherlands) and Roche Diagnostics GmbH for liposomes and Cl2MDP, respectively., European Project: 616050,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,MYELOSHOCK(2014), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Antibody Affinity, Priming (immunology), Biology, Mouse models, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Hepatectomy, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Antibodies, Blocking, Receptor, Mice, Knockout, B-Lymphocytes, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, Effector, Fc receptors, Receptors, IgG, IgG-induced pathologies, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Splenectomy, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antibody, Anaphylaxis, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:Anaphylaxis can proceed through distinct IgE- or IgG-dependent pathways, which have been investigated in various mouse models. We developed a novel mouse strain in which the human low-affinity IgG receptor locus, comprising both activating (hFcγRIIA, hFcγRIIIA, and hFcγRIIIB) and inhibitory (hFcγRIIB) hFcγR genes, has been inserted into the equivalent murine locus, corresponding to a locus swap.OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine the capabilities of hFcγRs to induce systemic anaphylaxis and identify the cell types and mediators involved.METHODS:hFcγR expression on mouse and human cells was compared to validate the model. Passive systemic anaphylaxis was induced by injection of heat-aggregated human intravenous immunoglobulin and active systemic anaphylaxis after immunization and challenge. Anaphylaxis severity was evaluated based on hypothermia and mortality. The contribution of receptors, mediators, or cell types was assessed based on receptor blockade or depletion.RESULTS:The human-to-mouse low-affinity FcγR locus swap engendered hFcγRIIA/IIB/IIIA/IIIB expression in mice comparable with that seen in human subjects. Knock-in mice were susceptible to passive and active anaphylaxis, accompanied by downregulation of both activating and inhibitory hFcγR expression on specific myeloid cells. The contribution of hFcγRIIA was predominant. Depletion of neutrophils protected against hypothermia and mortality. Basophils contributed to a lesser extent. Anaphylaxis was inhibited by platelet-activating factor receptor or histamine receptor 1 blockade.CONCLUSION:Low-affinity FcγR locus-switched mice represent an unprecedented model of cognate hFcγR expression. Importantly, IgG-related anaphylaxis proceeds within a native context of activating and inhibitory hFcγRs, indicating that, despite robust hFcγRIIB expression, activating signals can dominate to initiate a severe anaphylactic reaction.
Published: 2017

32. S1P 1 downregulation tailors CD8 + T-cell residence time in lymph nodes to the strength of the antigenic stimulation

Author: Philippe Bousso, Béatrice Breart, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), his work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and by a European Research Council starting grant (LymphocyteContacts), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Immunology, T-cell receptor, Stimulation, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Biology, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Downregulation and upregulation, Antigen, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Lymph, Receptor, Lymph node, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; T cells are sequestered for several days in lymph nodes following antigen recognition but the precise mechanism regulating their timing of egress is not fully understood. In particular, whether interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and/or strength of the TCR stimulation shape T-cell residence time is unclear. We report here that the probability of T-cell egress decreases upon stimulation with high affinity TCR ligands. In contrast, low affinity peptides favor early egress, a phenomenon that could be reversed by sustaining antigen availability. The delayed egress of high affinity T cells could not be accounted by physical sequestration by APCs. Instead, we found that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P1 ) downregulation mirrors the strength and persistence of the TCR stimulation, limiting egress of high affinity T cells. We propose that S1P1 acts as a rheostat to tailor T-cell residence time in the lymph node to the local availability of antigen and to optimize the expansion of high affinity T cells.
Published: 2016

33. Intravital imaging reveals improved Kupffer cell-mediated phagocytosis as a mode of action of glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibodies

Author: David Michonneau, Béatrice Breart, Christian Gerdes, Fabricio Montalvao, Capucine L. Grandjean, Philippe Bousso, Zacarias Garcia, Susanna Celli, Olivier Freytag, Mario Perro, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, a Starting Grant from the EuropeanResearch Council (ERC) and a grant from the Institut ROCHE de Recherche et Médecine Translationnelle, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Hugot, Bérengère
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Intravital Microscopy, medicine.drug_class, Kupffer Cells, Phagocytosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Monoclonal antibody, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Protein Engineering, Lymphocyte Depletion, Article, MESH: Caffeine, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Caudate Nucleus, B cell, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, CD20, Mice, Knockout, B-Lymphocytes, Multidisciplinary, biology, Kupffer cell, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Antigens, CD20, MESH: Motor Activity, 3. Good health, Liver Transplantation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, Monoclonal, Immunology, biology.protein, Cancer research, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Cats, Rituximab, Intravital microscopy
Abstract: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent an effective treatment for a number of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Glycoengineering of anti-CD20mAb may contribute to increased anti-tumor efficacy through enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADP) as reported by in vitro studies. However, where and how glycoengineered Ab may potentiate therapeutic responses in vivo is yet to be elucidated. Here, we have performed mouse liver transplants to demonstrate that the liver is sufficient to mediate systemic B cells depletion after anti-CD20 treatment. Relying on intravital two-photon imaging of human CD20-expressing mice, we provide evidence that ADP by Kupffer cells (KC) is a major mechanism for rituximab-mediated B cell depletion. Notably, a glycoengineered anti-mouse CD20 Ab but not its wild-type counterpart triggered potent KC-mediated B cell depletion at low doses. Finally, distinct thresholds for KC phagocytosis were also observed for GA101 (obinutuzumab), a humanized glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 Ab and rituximab. Thus, we propose that enhanced phagocytosis of circulating B cells by KC represents an important in vivo mechanism underlying the improved activity of glycoengineered anti-CD20 mAbs.
Published: 2016

34. Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): celebrating 100 years of cellular immunology and beyond

Author: Siamon Gordon, Gabriel Núñez, Beat A. Imhof, David M. Underhill, Philippe Bousso, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Université de Genève (UNIGE), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Oxford, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, History, Leukocyte migration, Scientific career, Phagocytosis, education, Cellular Immunology, Biology, Education, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Allergy and Immunology, Humans, Macrophage, Monocytes and macrophages, Immunity, Cellular, Microbiota, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Intravital Imaging, humanities, Nobel Prize, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, Immune System, Immunology, Imaging the immune system, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Classics
Abstract: In this Viewpoint article,Nature Reviews Immunologyinvites five experts to share their thoughts on the contributions made by Elie Metchnikoff to the fields of phagocytosis, macrophage biology, leukocyte migration, the microbiota and intravital imaging. The year 2016 marks 100 years since the death of Elie Metchnikoff (1845–1916), the Russian zoologist who pioneered the study of cellular immunology and who is widely credited with the discovery of phagocytosis, for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908. However, his long scientific career spanned many disciplines and has had far-reaching effects on modern immunology beyond the study of phagocytosis. In this Viewpoint article, five leading immunologists from the fields of phagocytosis, macrophage biology, leukocyte migration, the microbiota and intravital imaging tell Nature Reviews Immunology how Metchnikoff's work has influenced past, present and future research in their respective fields.
Published: 2016

35. All-oral Direct-acting Antiviral Regimens in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus–coinfected Patients With Cirrhosis Are Efficient and Safe: Real-life Results From the Prospective ANRS CO13–HEPAVIH Cohort

Author: Daniel Vittecoq, David Zucman, Laurent Alric, Hugues Aumaitre, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Julie Chas, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Anne Simon, Philippe Sogni, Karine Lacombe, Didier Neau, Linda Wittkop, Laure Esterle, François Boué, Stéphanie Dominguez, Cécile Goujard, Camille Gilbert, Anne Gervais, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Dominique Salmon, François Dabis, Lionel Piroth, Philippe Morlat, Olivier Bouchaud, Eric Billaud, Eric Rosenthal, Patrick Miailhes, Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département d'infectiologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Hôpital l'Archet, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Service d'immunologie clinique [Créteil], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales A [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Médecine Interne - Immunologie Clinique [AP-HP Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Service de médecine interne, immunologie clinique [Béclère], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Service de médecine interne et centre de référence des maladies rares [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS). Roche, Schering-Plough, GSK, BMS, and Merck-Serono., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'Immunologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Lissalde, Claire, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Simeprevir, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Sofosbuvir, Sustained Virologic Response, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, virologic response, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Viral hepatitis, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Ledipasvir, medicine.medical_specialty, Daclatasvir, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Hepatitis C virus, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, direct-acting antiviral treatment, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Internal medicine, Ribavirin, medicine, Humans, business.industry, cirrhosis, medicine.disease, Virology, human immunodficiency virus (HIV), Regimen, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients with cirrhosis have long been considered to be difficult to treat, and real-life efficacy and tolerance data with all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combinations in these patients are scarce.METHODS:Cirrhotic HIV/HCV-coinfected patients enrolled in the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) CO13 HEPAVIH cohort initiating an all-oral DAA regimen were consecutively included. A negative HCV RNA result at 12 weeks of follow-up or thereafter was assumed as a sustained virologic response (SVR12). Adjusted exact logistic regression was used to study factors associated with treatment outcome.RESULTS:We included 189 patients who initiated an all-oral DAA regimen with the following characteristics: median age 53.2 years; 74.6% male; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification A/B/C: 37%/31%/32%; Child-Pugh class A/B/C: 91%/8%/1%; 87% with HIV RNA
Published: 2016

36. A virtual lymph node model to dissect the requirements for T-cell activation by synapses and kinapses

Author: Philippe Bousso, Hélène D. Moreau, Gib Bogle, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand., Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland [Auckland], This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Inserm, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and by a European Research Council starting grant (LymphocyteContacts). GB acknowledges the support of the Auckland Bioengineering Institute and of the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery., European Project: 260499,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091118,LYMPHOCYTECONTACTS(2011), Hugot, Bérengère, Regulation and outcome of immune cell interactions in vivo - LYMPHOCYTECONTACTS - - EC:FP7:ERC2011-02-01 - 2016-01-31 - 260499 - VALID, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Immunological Synapses, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, T-Lymphocytes, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Antigen presentation, Cell Count, Mice, Transgenic, Cell Communication, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Lymphocyte Activation, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Antigens, Lymph node, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Antigen Presentation, Cell growth, Dendritic Cells, Cell Biology, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Original Article, Lymph Nodes, Peptides
Abstract: International audience; The initiation of T-cell responses in lymph nodes requires T cells to integrate signals delivered by dendritic cells (DCs) during long-lasting contacts (synapses) or more transient interactions (kinapses). However, it remains extremely challenging to understand how a specific sequence of contacts established by T cells ultimately dictates T-cell fate. Here, we have coupled a computational model of T-cell migration and interactions with DCs with a real-time, flow cytometry-like representation of T-cell activation. In this model, low-affinity peptides trigger T-cell proliferation through kinapses but we show that this process is only effective under conditions of high DC densities and prolonged antigen availability. By contrast, high-affinity peptides favor synapse formation and a vigorous proliferation under a wide range of antigen presentation conditions. In line with the predictions, decreasing the DC density in vivo selectively abolished proliferation induced by the low-affinity peptide. Finally, our results suggest that T cells possess a biochemical memory of previous stimulations of at least 1-2 days. We propose that the stability of T-cell-DC interactions, apart from their signaling potency, profoundly influences the robustness of T-cell activation. By offering the ability to control parameters that are difficult to manipulate experimentally, the virtual lymph node model provides new possibilities to tackle the fundamental mechanisms that regulate T-cell responses elicited by infections or vaccines.
Published: 2016

37. Manipulating leukocyte interactions in vivo through optogenetic chemokine release

Author: Philippe Bousso, Milka Sarris, Romain Olekhnovitch, Sarris, Milka [0000-0001-7016-333X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, the European Research Council (starting grant LymphocyteContacts)(P.B.), and the Medical Research Council (RG73189) (M.S.), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Chemokine, Cell signaling, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Immunology, Context (language use), Mice, Transgenic, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cell Communication, Biochemistry, Animals, Genetically Modified, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Leukocytes, Animals, Humans, Secretion, Zebrafish, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Chemotactic Factors, Chemotaxis, Cell Biology, Hematology, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Optogenetics, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Chemokine secretion, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Signal transduction, Chemokines, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction
Abstract: International audience; Light-mediated release of signaling ligands, such as chemoattractants, growth factors, and cytokines is an attractive strategy for investigation and therapeutic targeting of leukocyte communication and immune responses. We introduce a versatile optogenetic method to control ligand secretion, combining UV-conditioned endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking and a furin-processing step. As proof of principle, we achieved light-triggered chemokine secretion and demonstrated that a brief pulse of chemokine release can mediate a rapid flux of leukocyte contacts with target cells in vitro and in vivo. This approach opens new possibilities for dynamic investigation of leukocyte communication in vivo and may confer the potential to control the local release of soluble mediators in the context of immune cell therapies.
Published: 2016

38. Induction, Propagation, and Activity of Host Nitric Oxide: Lessons from Leishmania Infection

Author: Romain Olekhnovitch, Philippe Bousso, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, and a Starting Grant from the European Research Council (Lymphocyte Contacts), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Biology, Microbiology, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, nitric oxide, Animals, Humans, immunopathology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Mode of action, Leishmaniasis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Leishmania, 0303 health sciences, antimicrobial activity, Intracellular parasite, T cell, Antimicrobial, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Enzyme Induction, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Parasitology, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The production of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is a key defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania. Numerous studies have investigated the antimicrobial properties of this small molecule in vitro but its precise mode of action during Leishmania infection in vivo is still unclear. In this review, we discuss how iNOS is induced in infected tissues and how NO acts to control the expansion of Leishmania parasites and limit tissue damage resulting from the infection. We highlight recently described mechanisms that result in widespread iNOS expression in infected tissues. We also discuss how the collective production and subsequent diffusion of NO generates an antimicrobial milieu that promotes parasite control at the tissue level.
Published: 2015

39. The mechanism of anti-CD20–mediated B cell depletion revealed by intravital imaging

Author: Jacques Deguine, Nico van Rooijen, Fabricio Montalvao, Philippe Bousso, Zacarias Garcia, Susanna Celli, Béatrice Breart, Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], We thank F. Lemaître for help in the generating cell lines. This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, INSERM, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, and an European Research Council starting grant (LymphocyteContacts)., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Molecular cell biology and Immunology, and CCA - Immuno-pathogenesis
Subjects: MESH: Antigens, CD20, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phagocytosis, B-Lymphocytes, 0303 health sciences, Brief Report, Optical Imaging, Antibodies, Monoclonal, General Medicine, MESH: Fluorescent Dyes, Burkitt Lymphoma, Liver regeneration, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphatic system, Liver, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Liver Regeneration, Antibody, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Kupffer Cells, Lymphoid Tissue, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, Phagocytosis, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, Lymphocyte Depletion, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, In vivo, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: B-Lymphocytes, medicine, Animals, MESH: Mice, B cell, Fluorescent Dyes, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Lymphoma, B-Cell, MESH: Lymphocyte Depletion, MESH: Optical Imaging, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Antigens, CD20, medicine.disease, Liver Regeneration, Lymphoma, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Burkitt Lymphoma, Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Kupffer Cells, Liposomes, Immunology, MESH: Lymphoid Tissue, Cancer research, biology.protein, MESH: Liposomes, Clodronic Acid, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Liver, MESH: Clodronic Acid
Abstract: International audience; Anti-CD20 Ab therapy has proven successful for treating B cell malignancies and a number of autoimmune diseases. However, how anti-CD20 Abs operate in vivo to mediate B cell depletion is not fully understood. In particular, the anatomical location, the type of effector cells, and the mechanism underlying anti-CD20 therapy remain uncertain. Here, we found that the liver is a major site for B cell depletion and that recirculation accounts for the decrease in B cell numbers observed in secondary lymphoid organs. Using intravital imaging, we established that, upon anti-CD20 treatment, Kupffer cells (KCs) mediate the abrupt arrest and subsequent engulfment of B cells circulating in the liver sinusoids. KCs were also effective in depleting malignant B cells in a model of spontaneous lymphoma. Our results identify Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis by KCs as a primary mechanism of anti-CD20 therapy and provide an experimental framework for optimizing the efficacy of therapeutic Abs.
Published: 2013

40. Shigella impairs T lymphocyte dynamics in vivo

Author: Armelle Phalipon, Philippe J. Sansonetti, Ellen T. Arena, Philippe Bousso, Katharina Nothelfer, Gernot Sellge, Wilmara Salgado-Pabón, Elisabetta Frigimelica, Susanna Celli, Pascal Roux, Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Imagerie Dynamique (Plate-Forme) (PFID), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Collège de France - Chaire Microbiologie et Maladies infectieuses, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur Programme Transversal de Recherche project no. 251, the Domaine d'Intérêt Majeur Malinf-Région Île de France, Agence Nationale de la Recherche project 'PATHIMMUN,' Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Projet P2R, Pasteur Foundation (W.S.-P.), and Philippe Foundation (W.S.-P.). P.J.S. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) (project Homeopith), he is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Foreign Scholar., We thank the members of the Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire unit for helpful discussions, in particular Claude Parsot and Ilia Belotserkovsky, Patrick M. Schlievert (University of Iowa) for advice and critical reading of the manuscript, Emmanuelle Perret and Anne Danckaert (Platform for Dynamic Imaging Studies) for imaging and data analysis support, Gerald Eberl and Shinichiro Sawa (Institut Pasteur) for reagents and help with fluorescence immunohistochemistry, Sabrina Nabti (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit U932, Institut Curie) for the initial Rag−/− OT-II T-cell receptor transgenic mouse breeding pairs, and Cecile Arrieumerlou and Dirk Bumann (Biozentrum, University Basel) for pMW211 plasmid., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Chaire Microbiologie et Maladies infectieuses
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Priming (immunology), Adaptive Immunity, Biology, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Shigella flexneri, Type three secretion system, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, MESH: Shigella flexneri / physiology, Cell Movement, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mice, MESH: Cell Movement / immunology, Dysentery, Bacillary, 030304 developmental biology, Antigens, Bacterial, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Effector, MESH: Adaptive Immunity, MESH: Signal Transduction / immunology, imaging, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology, T lymphocyte, MESH: Dysentery, Bacillary / immunology, Biological Sciences, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Acquired immune system, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, bacteria, Female, host–pathogen cross-talks, Bacterial antigen, MESH: Female, MESH: Antigens, Bacterial / immunology, 030215 immunology, MESH: Dysentery, Bacillary / genetics
Abstract: The Gram-negative enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri is responsible for the endemic form of bacillary dysentery, an acute rectocolitis in humans. S. flexneri uses a type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into host cells, thus diverting cellular functions to its own benefit. Protective immunity to reinfection requires several rounds of infection to be elicited and is short-lasting, suggesting that S. flexneri interferes with the priming of specific immunity. Considering the key role played by T-lymphocyte trafficking in priming of adaptive immunity, we investigated the impact of S. flexneri on T-cell dynamics in vivo. By using two-photon microscopy to visualize bacterium–T-cell cross-talks in the lymph nodes, where the adaptive immunity is initiated, we provide evidence that S. flexneri , via its type III secretion system, impairs the migration pattern of CD4 + T cells independently of cognate recognition of bacterial antigens. We show that bacterial invasion of CD4 + T lymphocytes occurs in vivo, and results in cell migration arrest. In the absence of invasion, CD4 + T-cell migration parameters are also dramatically altered. Signals resulting from S. flexneri interactions with subcapsular sinus macrophages and dendritic cells, and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells are likely to contribute to this phenomenon. These findings indicate that S. flexneri targets T lymphocytes in vivo and highlight the role of type III effector secretion in modulating host adaptive immune responses.
Published: 2013
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41. Macropinocytosis Overcomes Directional Bias in Dendritic Cells Due to Hydraulic Resistance and Facilitates Space Exploration

Author: Matthieu Piel, Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil, Raphaël Voituriez, Maria-Graciela Delgado, Hélène D. Moreau, Jean-François Joanny, Odile Malbec, Zahraa Alraies, Carles Blanch-Mercader, Mathieu Maurin, Philippe Bousso, Doriane Sanséau, Rafaele Attia, Immunité et cancer (U932), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie [Institut Curie] (PCC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires (CDC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques des Réponses immunes - Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Chaire Matière molle et biophysique, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collège de France - Chaire Matière molle et biophysique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Male, cell migration, dendritic cell, macropinocytosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, microfluidics, Down-Regulation, barotaxis, Biology, Hydraulic resistance, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cell Line, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Cell Movement, medicine, Animals, Cytoskeleton, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, [PHYS]Physics [physics], theoretical physics, 0303 health sciences, Pinocytosis, Cell migration, Actomyosin, Dendritic Cells, Cell Biology, Dendritic cell, Fluid transport, microenvironment, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Hydrodynamics, Female, intravital imaging, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; The migration of immune cells can be guided by physical cues imposed by the environment, such as geometry, rigidity, or hydraulic resistance (HR). Neutrophils preferentially follow paths of least HR in vitro, a phenomenon known as barotaxis. The mechanisms and physiological relevance of barotaxis remain unclear. We show that barotaxis results from the amplification of a small force imbalance by the actomyosin cytoskeleton, resulting in biased directional choices. In immature dendritic cells (DCs), actomyosin is recruited to the cell front to build macropinosomes. These cells are therefore insensitive to HR, as macropinocytosis allows fluid transport across these cells. This may enhance their space exploration capacity in vivo. Conversely, mature DCs down-regulate macropinocytosis and are thus barotactic. Modeling suggests that HR may help guide these cells to lymph nodes where they initiate immune responses. Hence, DCs can either overcome or capitalize on the physical obstacles they encounter, helping their immune-surveillance function.
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