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Understanding and assessing neural control of the human cardiovascular system during physical activity tests helps identify specific manifestations of this process and enhances training effectiveness. Purpose: This study evaluates neurohumoral regulation of heart rate in male students performing stress tests based on the European protocol for assessing physical fitness. Materials and methods: The study involved 75 male students aged 19.3±1.3 years from Volga Research Medical University. Volunteers had no specialized physical training or somatic pathologies. Their body mass index was in the range of 18.7-22.3 kg/m². The heart rate variability of students was studied using the MedicalSoft Sports Testing System software and hardware complex. Before and after the exercise test, pulsograms were recorded in a sitting position. The recording duration was at least 5 minutes. Temporal and spectral indicators of heart rate variability and systemic hemodynamic parameters were determined. Physical exercises from European physical fitness tests were used as stress testing. All tests were performed at the maximum power applied by each subject. The duration of the break between exercises was 5 minutes. Results. It has been established that after performing physical exercises under stress testing conditions, significant shifts in hemodynamic parameters occur, accompanied by increased tension in regulatory systems and increased activity of the central regulatory circuit in terms of heart rate variability. Clustering of the subjects made it possible to identify three groups, among which the second group has the highest level of functional reserves and readiness for physical activity; in the first group, there is an increase in the central regulation of heart rhythm, which is accompanied by a pronounced increase in heart rate. In the third cluster, there is a predominance of low-frequency spectrum power, a significant decrease in temporal indicators of heart rate variability, and a sharp increase in heart rate. This indicates the lowest readiness of the subjects in this group for the presented physical activity. Conclusions. The use of acquired knowledge can increase the effectiveness of the educational and training process in connection with the individualization of the volume and intensity of physical activity performed by an athlete based on heart rate variability data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific literature underscores a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in children, often stemming from hereditary connective tissue dysplasia, detrimentally impacting their quality of life. Consequently, developing effective physical rehabilitation methods for children becomes imperative. This study aims to assess various components of quality of life among children with hereditary connective tissue disorders and musculoskeletal complications during the outpatient phase of physical rehabilitation. Material & methods. The research project was carried out on the basis of medical institutions in the city of Barnaul (Russia) from 2014 to 2023. The quality of life was assessed in 60 children aged 6-7, having connective tissue disorders and complications from the musculoskeletal system and their parents using the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory PedsQL questionnaire. Quality of life testing was performed at the research beginning, in 1 and 3 years after the start of rehabilitation. After 10 years, the condition of the posture and muscular system of the observed children was assessed. Generally accepted rehabilitation measures were performed for patients of the main group (n=30) and the comparison group (n=30). In addition to traditional wellness activities, the main group included course theoretical and practical classes at the organized school «Posture Correction» for parents and their children. Practical classes included teaching children and parent's physical exercises on the wall bars ("Swedish wall"), orthopedic ball, breaststroke swimming, wearing a corset, following a calcium-containing diet and a balanced vitamin composition of food. Results. In the course of follow-up after 1 and 3 years, the number of complications in the main group of patients statistically significantly decreased, the quality of life in children and parents improved, p <0.05. During the control after 10 years, physiological posture and the normal status of the trunk muscles were determined in all patients in the main group, which was confirmed by the electroneuromyographic examination method. In patients and parents of the comparison group, the quality of life did not change in dynamics, muscle weakness at the level of the thoracic spine, myofascial pain syndrome was noted. Conclusions. Significant positive results of physical rehabilitation of children with connective tissue dysplasia and the musculoskeletal system complications have been obtained when using means and methods of physical culture in rehabilitation on the basis of the established school of "Posture Correction". The proven technique can be used for children's rehabilitation at the outpatient stage of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To preempt the emergence of adverse deviations in an individual's physical well-being, vigilant monitoring of indicators reflecting the presence or absence of health deterioration risk is essential. One effective method for early detection of health status is the quantitative assessment of the body mass index (BMI). The research objective is to scrutinize and assess the utility of the body mass index method in identifying the risk of physical health disorders among students. Materials and methods. The study encompassed 249 students from the first, second, and third years, aged 19.2 ±1.4 years. Gender distribution was as follows: 116 male students and 133 female students. For monitoring, anthropometric data were used - body length and weight, and the body mass index was calculated and assessed in accordance with the gradation recommended by the World Health Organization. The due body mass was calculated and assessed with actual weight, taking into account age and gender. Conventional statistical methods were used. The normality of the distribution of characteristics was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; to determine the statistical significance of differences in indicators, the parametric Student's t-test was used. We proposed cluster analysis to distribute subjects into groups. Results. Statistically significant differences in the height and weight indicators of boys and girls were established. BMI values were near the upper limit of the normative range, which indicates excessive fat mass. There was an increase in the actual values of body weight in both groups of subjects compared to the proper value of this indicator. This allows such students to be classified as a risk group for the content of excess adipose tissue. Using cluster analysis, three groups of subjects were identified. The first group included students with excess body weight. The second group, where the value of this indicator is at the upper limit of the standard, and the third group includes students with a BMI value within the normal range. The number of boys who were found to be overweight was greater than in a similar group of girls. Most girls had an optimal BMI value. Conclusions. A promising direction of research is to determine the characteristics of height and mass indicators in students differentiated into medical groups. This will allow assessing the state of physical health to personalize physical education, sports and independent physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]