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Background: Tartary buckwheat is a plant recognized for its resistance to various environmental stresses. Due to its valuable source of phenolic compounds, Fagopyrum tataricum is also characterized as a medicinal plant; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the drought stress for the levels of phenolic compounds in the morphological parts of the plant. Methods: This experiment was conducted in 7 L pots under laboratory conditions. Phenolic compounds were identified using a UHPLC–MS chromatography system. Antioxidant activity was assessed using well-known methods, including the DPPH scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating activity. Results: In Tartary buckwheat leaves, stems, seeds, and husks, 57 phenolic compounds were identified, with a predominance of quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, kaempferol, and derivatives of coumaric acid. It was observed that the Tartary buckwheat samples subjected to drought stress exhibited a slight decrease in the majority of individual phenolic compounds. Conclusions: The measurement of biological parameters indicated that plant regeneration after drought stress demonstrated a rapid recovery, which can be a positive response to the progression of climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary research aim of this manuscript was to present a simplified absorber model and analyse the simulation results of the absorber model created to which, by design, only water was added and the outlet flue gas temperature was optimal. The obtained simulation results of the simplified absorber model were appropriately compared with the operational results of absorbers operating in professional WtE installations. This study focused on the simulation duration. The primary tool used in the paper is OpenFOAM (v2112). Two solvers were used for the calculations: ReactingParcelFoam and LTSReactingParcelFoam. They ran numerical tests on simplified absorber models. We evaluated the results according to the simulation time. We also examined the difference between the measured and calculated flue gas outlet temperatures. The results will guide further research on the absorber. They will speed up and improve the modelling of chemical processes. The only challenge was to define the chemical reactions and add a calcium molecule to the water droplet model. This work shows that we can simplify the absorber's geometric model. It kept a low relative error and cuts the compute time. Using a local time step instead of a global one in numerical calculations significantly reduced their run time. It did this without increasing the relative error. The research can help develop complex three-phase flow models in the absorber in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folk dances, integral components of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), are both fleeting and fragile. However, with the rapid advancement of computer vision techniques, there arises an opportunity to document and safeguard these cultural expressions for future generations. This study aims to identify the distinctive dance sequences and characteristics of Zeibekiko, a popular Greek folk solo dance found in variations across Greece, Cyprus, and the Aegean region of Minor Asia, and translate them into a virtual 3D environment. Utilizing a state-of-the-art optical motion capture system featuring active markers (the PhaseSpace X2E system), precise recordings of the Zeibekiko dance are achieved. The three-dimensional spatial data derived from the dancer's movements serves as the foundation for classification, accomplished through a Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Network with Multi Attention Modules (ST-GCN-MAM). This innovative architecture strategically employs attention modules to extract key features of the dance from primary areas of the upper and lower parts of human body. With high level accuracy, the proposed tool accurately detected and recognized Zeibekiko sequences. Ensuring the precise alignment of captured points with corresponding bones or anatomical features in the 3D dancer model is essential for seamless and authentic animations. Advanced visualization and animation techniques are then employed to translate these points into smooth, realistic character movements, preserving their inherent dynamics and expressions. As a result, a faithful virtual rendition of the dance is achieved, capturing its authenticity and beauty. Such a solution holds potential applications in gaming, video production, or virtual museum exhibits dedicated to showcasing folk dances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses were conducted on extracts from the fruits of P. pyraster and P. ×myloslavensis. Extraction with 80% methanol was performed at room temperature. The total phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometry using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, with gallic acid as the reference standard. Phenolic compounds and organic acids were identified on a liquid chromatograph. The antioxidative activity of the extracts was tested in relation to linoleic acid incubation of the emulsions for 19 h based on the neutralization of the DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the ABTS cation radical (2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) as well as by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The analyses showed that the extract from P. pyraster fruits is characterized by a higher content of phenolic compounds and a higher antioxidative potential compared with that from P. ×myloslavensis. In extracts of both pear species, seven phenolic compounds and four organic acids were identified. The total fiber content in pears of P. pyraster and P. ×myloslavensis was determined at 36.45 g and 24.74 g/100 g d.m. of the pear fruits, of which most comprised the insoluble fraction (32.49 g and 20.86/100 g, respectively). The results of the conducted research are highly significant, as they confirm that pears contain many valuable nutrients and biologically active compounds, including antioxidants and dietary fiber. Adding pear extracts to food products may offer a way to boost their health benefits while also broadening the variety of items that have appealing sensory characteristics. Moreover, research has shown that fruit extracts can help to prolong the shelf life of food products by safeguarding them against lipid oxidation and the decline in their nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Sciences Institute is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthraquinones are polycyclic compounds with an unsaturated diketone structure (quinoid moiety). As important secondary metabolites of plants, anthraquinones play an important role in the response of many biological processes and environmental factors. Anthraquinones are common in the human diet and have a variety of biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities that reduce disease risk. The biological activity of anthraquinones depends on the substitution pattern of their hydroxyl groups on the anthraquinone ring structure. However, there is still a lack of systematic summary on the distribution, classification, and biosynthesis of plant anthraquinones. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the research progress of the distribution, classification, biosynthesis, and regulation of plant anthraquinones. Additionally, we discuss future opportunities in anthraquinone research, including biotechnology, therapeutic products, and dietary anthraquinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focused on the content of lycopene in fresh and dried tomatoes and tomato pomace, as well as in tomato paste at different harvest times (harvest 1 – August and harvest 2 – September). The lycopene content of tomatoes and tomato products was evaluated by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the highest content of lycopene was estimated in the tomato paste independent of the time of harvest (211.73 mg/100 g dm in August and 184.29 mg/100 g dm in September) and the lowest content in fresh pomace (20.45 and 16.11 mg/100 g dm in August and September, respectively). Good sources of lycopene are tomato by-products, in particularly dried tomato pomace (25.11 mg/100 g dm – harvest 1 and 19.30 mg/100 g dm – harvest 2). This study showed that tomato waste can be considered as a promising source of lycopene for the production of functional foods.

Copyright of Journal of Computer Sciences Institute is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to design the formula and antioxidant potential of gluten-free oat drinks fortified with bioactive plant components. The paper describes the use of three preparations of plant origin: yellow tea leaf extract, mulberry extract and steviol glycosides from stevia leaves. Analyses of the oat drinks basic composition – including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, dietary fiber fractions and antioxidant properties with DPPH, ABTS, ORAC and FRAP assays were conducted. Tea extract with steviosides oat drink showed the highest total phenolic concentration and the highest antioxidant activity followed by stevia and mulberry oat drink, whereas stevia oat drink showed the lowest phenolics level and weakest antioxidant activity. Moreover, the applied plant components showed moderate ability to influence the sensory values of the fortified oat drinks. The results demonstrate that tea, stevia and mulberry preparations applied in oat drinks enhanced antioxidant potential and might be a natural source of antioxidant components.

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The biofortification of plants seems to be a beneficial dietary strategy for alleviating iron deficiency around the world. The main aim of this study was to determine the content and bioaccessibility of minerals in biofortified lettuce in relation to plant morphological parameters. The experiment was conducted in a climate chamber under controlled conditions. Plants were grown in hydroponics with the application of nutrient solutions with varied iron levels (mg dm-3): 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in the lettuce were assayed after the dry ashing of the samples. The enzymatic digestion in vitro was performed using fresh lettuce plants, and then the contents of released elements were assayed. The concentrations of elements in lettuce before and after digestion were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. In the lettuce, the contents of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber were also measured. It was found that the highest Fe level significantly increased the yield of dry matter. The studied trends of chlorophyll fluorescence change indicated a positive effect of Fe biofortification on plants but, at the same time, an increase in the carotenoid content was observed along with an increase in Fe, which may indicate the plants’ initial defense response to increasing oxidative stress. Increasing Fe biofortification also caused an increase in the chlorophyll content in leaves. The higher content of Fe and of most other elements in the plant was determined in biofortified lettuces. Generally, biofortification of iron decreased Fe bioaccessibility and increased the bioaccessibility of other elements. In conclusion, the content of iron increases, but its bioaccessibility decreases in biofortified lettuce, and plant responses can be affected by biochemical reactions connected among others to carotenoids and the chlorophyll content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of movements is one of the notable applications within the field of computer animation. Sophisticated motion capture techniques allow to acquire motion and store it in a digital form for further analysis. The combination of these two aspects of computer vision enables the presentation of data in an accessible way for the user. The primary objective of this study is to introduce an artificial intelligence-based system for animating tennis motion capture data. The Dual Attention Graph Convolutional Network was applied. Its unique approach consists of two attention modules, one for body analysis and the other for tennis racket alignment. The input to the classifier is a sequence of three dimensional data generated from the Mocap system and containing an object of a player holding a tennis racket and presenting fundamental tennis hits, which are classified with great success, reaching a maximum accuracy over 95%. The recognised movements are further processed using dedicated software. Movement sequences are assigned to the tennis player's 3D digital model. In this way, realistic character animations are obtained, reflecting the recognised moves that can be further applied in movies, video games and other visual projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Research in E-Learning is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of research aimed at determining the influence of the composition of the fertilizer mixtures and the compaction pressure on the specific density and density index of fertilizer granules. Investigated mixtures were prepared from fly ash from power plant fuelled by biomass and digestate from biogas plant. The urea, sulfur and phosphorite were also added as enhancing additives. For granule samples made on a strength machine, their specific density was determined on a quasifluid-pycnometer. To determine the effect of agglomerate pressure on the compaction process, the absolute density of the materials was omitted. In such case it was needed to introduce a density index AI. Such a presentation of the results obtained has made it possible to clearly determine how the density of the test mixture results in the applied agglomeration pressure. The specific density of the resulting granules was in the range of 0.85-1.27 g/cm3. The determined density index for the given pressure was in the following ranges: 0.44-0.49 g/cm3 (pressure 100MPa), 0.47-0.51 g/cm3 (pressure 150MPa) 0.51 - 0.59 g/cm3 (200MPa pressure). This means that, regardless of the contribution of components to the mixture at the given pressure, a similar degree of compaction was obtained.

Paper presents a concept of the mobile line for the production of granulated fertilizer from digestates and ash mixtures. The main assumption of the designed line is its mobility which allows line work in the place of production of digestate. The premise for developing such model of line was the fact that the transport of highly hydrated digestate, as well as its dried form, is not advisable for economic reasons. More advantageous solution is to collect the digestate at the place of its production and it is processed into a fertilizer. Loose components, characterized by high bulk density, can be delivered to the place of production and the same means of transport can be used to transport the produced fertilizer to warehouse. This production model allows to process the digestate produced in several biogas plants, using one production line and reducing the cost of production. of fertilizer granules and the mobile line is transported to the next post-fermentation production point. Based on an analysis of the raw material characteristics and preliminary research on the raw materials mixture granulation process it was assumed that the stage of 3 hrs mixture stabilization time is required in the line.

Paper presents design process of the prototype line, dedicated for production of fertilizer pellets from digestate-ash mixture. For enrichment of the nutritional characteristics of the final product additives were also used, like urea, elemental sulphur or phosphorite, and special fungal strains from Trichoderma spieces. During this process raw material will be dried (raw digestated), mixed, granulated and packed in one technological line. Presented concept, shows that there is possible to produce high quality fertilizer, from waste materials derrived form Green energy production, what should be one of very interesting ways to develop digestate and ash from biomass combustion.

The paper includes an assessment of the tribological properties of mineral and synthetic Lotos oil marked SAE 15W/40 and SAE 5W/40 at ambient temperature and 100 ̊C. The evaluation was based on the analysis of the tribological properties of friction couple consumables. Tribological tests were performed using the Anton Paar THT 1000 high temperature tribotester according to ASTM G133. Tribological properties were investigated using the “ball on disc” method. The change of friction coefficient, friction couple temperature, volume wear of samples and counter-samples and Hertz stresses were evaluated. In addition, hardness tests of the friction couple materials as well as surface roughness before and after friction were performed. On the basis of tribological studies, it was noted that Lotos Synthetic 5W/40 oil has better cooling properties compared. For both oils the coefficient of friction was lower at ambient temperature than at 100 ̊C. The highest value of volume wear of the sample was noted for the combination lubricated with Mineral Oil 15W/40 at 100 ̊C (0.0143 mm3) while for counter-sample lubricated with synthetic oil at ambient temperature (0.0039 mm3). The highest sample wear coefficient was recorded for the mineral oil lubricated at temperature of 100 ̊C (3.585*10-7 mm3/N/m) while for counter-sample lubricated with synthetic oil at ambient temperature (9.8768*10-8 mm3/N/m). The Hertz stress for each test couple had a value of 1.787 GPa.

The quality control of hardfacing is one of the areas where non-destructive testing is applied. To detect defects and inconsistencies in the industrial practice one uses the same methods as in the testing of welded joints. Computed Tomography is a type of X-ray spectroscopy. It is used as a diagnostic method that allows to obtain layered images of examined hardfacing. The paper presents the use of Computed Tomography for the evaluation of defects of hardfacing parts and errors. Padding welds were produced using GMA consumable electrode welding with CO2 active gas. The padding material used were cored wires FILTUB DUR 16, and ones produced from a Fe-Mn-C-Si-Cr-Mo-Ti-W alloy. The layers were padded on to different surfaces: C45, 165CrV12, 42CrMo4, S235JR steel. Typical defects occurring in the pads and the influence of the type of wire on the concentration of defects were characterized. The resulting pads were characterized by occurring inconsistencies taking the form of pores, intrusions and fractures.