Search

Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of selenium compounds in preventing and treating lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. The formulation of selenium-enriched supplements for humans and animals, particularly those containing selenium yeast, is highly advantageous. These products are rich in organic selenium derivatives, showing significantly higher bioavailability than inorganic forms of selenium. A particularly promising selenium analogue of sulphur-containing compounds is selenobiotin. The literature indicates that Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Escherichia coli strains can synthesise this compound. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on the biosynthesis of biotin and selenobiotin in Trichosporon cutaneum and Meyerozyma guilliermondii. The results have the potential to advance biotechnological approaches for the production of selenobiotin for various applications. A method based on affinity chromatography was used to quantify selenobiotin. The results confirmed that both yeast strains could synthesise selenobiotin in addition to biotin. In M. guilliermondii cells, selenobiotin accounted for up to 17.3% of the total biotin vitamer fraction. In comparison, in T. cutaneum cells, it accounted for up to 28.4% of the sum of biotin and its analogues. The highest levels of selenobiotin were observed in cells cultured with selenomethionine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermentation processes have been known since ancient times and are widely used in the production of food, beverages, and other areas. One of the most well‐known fermented products is bread. It plays an important role in human nutrition because of the valuable compounds it contains. The growing population leads to an increase in global bread consumption and other bakery products. Simultaneously, in developed countries, declining consumption trends are observed. Understanding the complex interplay between socio‐economic dynamics, food production policies, and the dietary patterns of society is crucial for shaping effective strategies that align with the principles of a sustainable and resilient food system. The aim of this study was to determine bread consumption trends in Poland. Data were obtained from the Household Budget Surveys carried out by Statistics Poland. The study considered the period from 1978 to 2020 and was performed in three dimensions: socio‐economic groups, the number of people in households, and income quintile groups. A decreasing trend in bread consumption was observed within the analyzed period in all three socio‐economic groups. Based on the analysis of the relationship between bread consumption and income level per capita, the same observation was made. There was no correlation between the amount of bread consumed and the number of people in the household. The obtained data are determined by many factors, including prices of bread, demographic changes, dietary patterns, and education in the field of human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significant progress in the research, the problem of finding an efficient method for producing bioethanol from renewable lignocellulosic waste materials remains unresolved. Our investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanol production from sugar beet pulp (SBP) utilising various approaches, including pretreatment variations, enzymatic processes, and microbial hydrolysis. Our research involved using the post-cultivation concentrate of T. viride LOCK 0588 grown in the SBP-based medium as a source of enzymes. The SBP hydrolysis process was carried out for 48 h at 50 °C. The quantity of sugar released, up to 61 g dm−3, through the utilisation of this extract proved to be on par with the outcomes achieved by the application of the commercial Cellic Ctec2 preparation. The final yields of the ethanol production with the use of the coculture of S. cerevisiae (Ethanol Red) and Scheffersomyces stipitis LOCK 0047 strain were in the range 5.1 ± 0.11 kg 100 kg−1 ÷ 5.38 ± 0.11 kg 100 kg−1. These results provide a solid basis for improving larger-scale industrial procedures that involve converting SBP into bioethanol using a cost-efficient approach of microbial hydrolysis with T. viride and a blend of pentose and hexose fermenting yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, studies on transformation of various types of waste biomass into furfural by acidic hydrolysis were presented. Among the studied groups of biomass, agro-food industry waste, brewing, sugar, mill industry as well as greenery and municipal bio-waste can be distinguished. Furfural in the form of water solution was obtained by the addition of concentrated H2SO4. The amount of obtained furfural was 0.12-4.20 %(w/w),based on the dry weight of the sample subjected to hydrolysis. The yields of furfural strongly depended on the type of biomass used in the processes. Water solutions of furfural, condensates without any purification, were used in the catalytic reduction processes over 5 %Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. Furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol were the only products of reactions of furfural reduction carried out at the temperature of 90 °C and under the pressure of 20 bar of H2. Furthermore, it was concluded that the presence of other compounds in condensates inhibited the reduction of the double bond in the ring of furfural and that the main product of the reaction was furfuryl alcohol.

The studies presented in this paper concern the choice of an effective bimetallic catalyst for the reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FA) and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) in the liquid phase. The way of furfural reduction greatly depends on the catalyst system used. In the studythe effect of the addition of metallic promoter (Au, Bi, Fe, In, Te, Tl) into 5 % Pd/SiO2 on the activity and selectivity in furfural reduction was investigated. Depending on the bimetallic catalysts used in the process, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol or condensation products were mainly obtained.

Industrial production of biogas offers a way to manage distillery leachate. The waste is usually subjected to anaerobic digestion for producing biogas. However, the effluent from anaerobic processes has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and is harmful to the environment. An effective method of lowering COD is ozonation. Effluent from biogas plants after ozonation has the potential for use in breeding grounds for plants of the Lemnaceae family. Thus, they can provide a valuable additional source of biomass for the production of bioethanol. Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza cultures were grown in media with the addition of 2.5% PFE, which had been treated by ozonation for between 6 and 50 min. Using ozonated effluent was an effective cultivation technique in all variants. The analyzed parameters were plant growth, chlorophyll index, fresh plant weight and photosynthetic traits (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and concentration of intercellular CO2). The best growth of Lemna minor L. was observed in the media with PFE treated for 12 min. Similar effects were obtained for S. polyrhiza, with ozone treatment for 12 and 25 min. The results show the potential of using ozone-treated post-fermentation leachate as a supplement in culture media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 40 yeast strains were isolated from various types of plant biomass and then evaluated for potential applications in biotechnological processes conducted at low temperature. Adaptation to low temperature was tested by passaging the isolates at decreasing temperatures, from 30 to 15 °C. Only the strains that were able to adapt to the final temperature and reached the stationary growth phase relatively quickly were submitted to further experimentation. These included eight environmental yeast isolates from four types of materials of plant origin: wheat, rye, and cucumber, containing glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch; yeastfermentable sugars; red beetroot, containing large amounts of glucose and fructose; and fruits (grapes and apples) containing glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The strains were identified and then subjected to a series of experiments to assess their suitability for use in low-temperature biotechnological industrial processes incorporating microbial biomass. The growth dynamics and assimilation profiles of the yeast strains were investigated, as well as their ability to produce volatile compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructed a β-galactosidase (β-gal) liposome model instead of bacterial cells to optimize spray-drying protectants and parameters. The screened protectant combination consisted of 35 g/L monosodium glutamate, 50 g/L sucrose, and 35 g/L maltodextrin. The optimal parameters for spray drying were 130 °C inlet air temperature, 7.5 mL/min feed flow rate, and 150 mL optimal protectant combination. The viability of the five lactic acid bacteria strains spray-dried with the optimized protectant and parameters was over 50%. Lactobacillus helveticus strain LH-9's mechanism of resistance to spray-dry treatment was investigated in the presence of the optimal protectant combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]