Search

Abstract Background After almost 70 years of using indoor residual spraying (IRS) as the primary intervention for malaria vector control, the Republic of Panama wanted to evaluate the operational feasibility and acceptability of distributing long-lasting insecticidal hammock nets (LLIHNs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the country. Methods A pilot study conducted in 2019 distributed LLINs and LLIHNs to cover all sleeping spaces in 15 high burden localities of the indigenous Comarca of Guna Yala and measured retention, coverage, use and physical deterioration, washing and drying practices, as well as people’s satisfaction with product characteristics post-distribution. Results Overall, 89.9% of enumerated sleeping spaces were covered during the campaign. Monitoring post-distribution showed that 82.7% of the population received messages about the campaign before it happened and 92.4% claimed to know the purpose of the net and how to care for and repair it. Mild adverse reactions, specifically skin irritation associated with the insecticide in LLINs and LLIHNs, were reported by 38.4% of households. Two years after distribution, 86.3% of the LLIHN/LLINs were retained. Use was very high right after distribution (85%) but decreased to 57% six months after distribution and to 38% two years after distribution. The main reason for not using the LLIHN/LLINs was the reported absence of mosquitoes. Two years post-distribution, LLIHN/LLINs were preserved in good physical condition (4% torn), very few were washed with insecticide-damaging products (chlorine or detergent) (9%) or dried under the sun (15%), and LLIHN/LLINs were washed on average less than once every two months. The average number of people per sleeping space was 1.34. Conclusion Although the distribution of LLIHN/LLINs was operationally feasible and LLIHN/LLINs were initially well-accepted and cared for by these communities, use decreased drastically over the two years of follow up after distribution. Hence, should there be future LLIHN/LLIN distributions in this area, sufficient resources and efforts need to be allocated to promoting LLIHN/LLIN use. Further investigation into the reasons for low LLIHN/LLIN use are needed to guide such efforts.

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el comportamiento de las exportaciones de café colombiano de la partida 090111190000 durante el periodo 2019-2023, considerando los efectos de la crisis climática en la producción. La metodología adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental longitudinal, utilizando datos de Trademap organizados en Excel. Este enfoque permitió evaluar las variaciones en el valor FOB y las cantidades exportadas hacia diferentes mercados internacionales, especialmente aquellos con una alta demanda como Estados Unidos, Bélgica, Alemania y China. Los resultados indican que Estados Unidos se mantuvo como el principal destino de exportación en términos de valor FOB, acumulando más de 6 millones de dólares, seguido de Bélgica y Alemania. Sin embargo, la tendencia de exportación hacia Estados Unidos mostró un decrecimiento del 33.82% en 2022-2023, mientras que China experimentó un crecimiento significativo del 75.40% en el mismo periodo, lo que lo posiciona como un mercado emergente relevante para las exportaciones colombianas de café. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de la diversificación de mercados para la sostenibilidad de las exportaciones de café colombiano, especialmente ante la crisis climática que afecta la productividad en regiones tradicionales. Se sugiere que las estrategias de internacionalización deben centrarse en mercados emergentes como China, aprovechando su tendencia de crecimiento, y reforzar las relaciones con Europa para mantener la competitividad del café colombiano en un contexto global cambiante.

Introduction: In emergency rooms (ERs), 5% of patients experiencing an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receive an alternative diagnosis; these cases are known as stroke chameleons (SC). The percentage of SC treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and the characteristics have not been well described. We aimed at investigating the variables associated with the probability receiving IVT. Methods: In this prospective study, we included consecutive patients with SC admitted at the ER of Clínica Alemana between September 2014 and October 2023. Results: Among 1193 stroke patients; sixty-three (5.2%) corresponded to SC. Ten of these cases (15.8%, 95%CI 8.8-26.8) were treated with IVT, mean door to needle time (DTN) of 85.7 (SD 35) minutes, median of 73.5 (IQR 62-113) minutes. SC who underwent IVT were younger (p=0.01), with higher NIHSS (p=0.05). They presented more frequently with altered level of consciousness in the NIHSS (p=0.01), language abnormities (p=0.001) and dysarthria (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, none of the variables were significantly associated with IVT. A secondary analysis showed that only time to brain imaging was significantly associated with IVT (OR: 0.99; 95%CI, 0.98-0.99. p=0.01). Conclusions: almost 1 out of every 7 SC could be treated with IVT but with a prolongued DTN; the chance of being treated is associated with time to brain imaging

Accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks are critical for understanding the carbon cycle and identifying key drivers of anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we investigate the variability in CO and CO2 concentrations and their ratio over the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) using long-term, time-resolved columnar measurements at three stations, employing solar-absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using a simple model and the mixed-layer height derived from a ceilometer, we determined the CO and CO2 concentrations in the mixed layer from the total column measurements and found good agreement with surface cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements. In addition, we used the diurnal pattern of CO columnar measurements at specific time intervals to estimate an average growth rate that, when combined with the space-based Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) CO measurements, allowed for the derivation of annual CO and CO2 MCMA emissions from 2016 to 2021. A CO emission decrease of more than 50 % was found during the COVID-19 lockdown period with respect to the year 2018. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using long-term EM27/SUN column measurements to monitor the annual variability in the anthropogenic CO2 and CO emissions in Mexico City without recourse to complex transport models. This simple methodology could be adapted to other urban areas if the orography of the regions favours low ventilation for several hours per day and the column growth rate is dominated by the emission flux.

Porous dental implants represent a significant advancement in dentistry, offering improved osseointegration, reduced bone resorption and minimized stiffness to better interact with surrounding bone. This study focuses on the development of Ti6Al4V implants with immediate loading and controlled porosity (40 vol% and 600 µm pore size) to improve vascularization and bone ingrowth, which are crucial for successful integration and long-term performance. Dense implants, fully porous implants, and a hybrid design combining a porous surface with a dense core were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting, enhancing fatigue resistance under cyclic loads. Porosity was quantified, revealing 19 % through image analysis and 13 % via the Archimedes method. Finite Element Analysis demonstrated that porous implants improve stress distribution, facilitate load transfer to peri-implant trabecular bone, and achieve uniform stress and strain distributions between thread fillets, with values ranging from 1.1 MPa to 1.6 MPa for stress and 0.0002 to 0.0030 for strain, promoting bone growth. Comparisons with β-Ti alloy implants featuring a porous structure and dense core revealed reduced stress concentrations and a lower risk of fatigue failure. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid and β-Ti designs for personalized dental implants, balancing mechanical performance with biological compatibility to meet patient-specific needs.

ABSTRACT Mechanisms driving the spatial and temporal patterns of species distribution in the Earth's largest habitat, the deep ocean, remain largely enigmatic. The late Miocene to the Pliocene (~23–2.58 Ma) is a period that was marked by significant geological, climatic, and oceanographic changes. This transitional period spurred widespread species diversification, particularly among widely distributed benthic scavengers, such as amphipods. Here, we take step toward understanding the long‐term evolutionary processes of amphipod colonization and diversification in the deep ocean by focusing on the model genus Eurythenes S. I. Smith in Scudder, 1882. These large‐bodied scavengers play key roles in benthic communities. We constructed a time‐calibrated phylogeny using two mitochondrial DNA genes by analyzing publicly available data on 14 species of Eurythenes across a global depth range from 839 to 8081 m. The resulting phylogenetic tree reveals a diverse clade, with a common ancestor originating around 11.81 Ma. A gradual increase in the effective population size of Eurythenes was observed, particularly during the Pliocene (~4 Ma). The net diversification rate remained almost constant, with slight increases between the Miocene and Pliocene (~8–4 Ma), and most new species appeared during the latter period. Additionally, reconstruction of the ancestral area suggested that the common ancestor of Eurythenes had a global distribution. A combination of dispersal and sympatric processes, along with environmental factors, such as changes in ocean temperature and sea level, contributed to the present biogeographic distribution of these species. Our findings highlight the importance of historical events, such as plate tectonics and changes in deep‐water circulation, in driving the rapid speciation of Eurythenes and underscore their essential role in shaping deep‐ocean biodiversity.

BackgroundSeveral epidemiological studies have been carried out using Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) for M. hyopneumoniae typing. However, a global perspective on the implications of the genetic diversity of this pathogen is lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine and to analyze the genetic structure of M. hyopneumoniae based on the p97R1-p146R3 MLVA typing scheme and to characterize, analyze and compare MLVA types among countries where the information was publicly available.MethodsA set of 797 publicly available data of M. hyopneumoniaep97R1-p146R3 MLVA genetic types from six different countries were analyzed using Genalex 6.41 software to characterize loci polymorphism and using Structure 2.3.4 software in order to identify the genetic structure.ResultsA total of 185 MLVA types were identified among the analyzed data. For the p97R1 and p146R3 loci, most of the molecular variation in M. hyopneumoniae populations was identified within countries. Three genetic clusters and their recombinations were identified globally.ConclusionM. hyopneumoniae is a genetically diverse pathogen with limited clonality and three well-defined clusters and their combinations were identified in this investigation. The greatest genetic variation of M. hyopneumoniae was observed within countries.

The 235U(n, f) reaction cross section was measured relative to neutron-proton elastic scattering for the first time in the energy region from 10 MeV to 440 MeV at the CERN n_TOF facility, extending the upper limit of the only previous measurement in the literature by more than 200 MeV. For neutron energies below 200 MeV, our results agree within one standard deviation with data in literature. Above 200 MeV, the comparison of model calculations to our data indicates the need to introduce a transient time in neutron-induced fission to allow the simultaneous description of (n, f) and (p, f) reactions.

Abstract Background The economic assessment of health care models in palliative care promotes their global development. The purpose of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a palliative care program (named Contigo) with that of conventional care from the perspective of a health benefit plan administrator company, Sanitas, in Colombia. Methods The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) and the incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) were estimated using micro-costing in a retrospective, analytical cross-sectional study on the care of terminally ill patients enrolled in a palliative care program. A 6-month time horizon prior to death was used. The EQ-5D-3 L questionnaire (EQ-5D-3 L) and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) were used to measure the quality of life. Results The study included 43 patients managed within the program and 16 patients who received conventional medical management. The program was less expensive than the conventional practice (difference of 1,924.35 US dollars (USD), P = 0.18). When compared to the last 15 days, there is a higher perception of quality of life, which yielded 0.25 in the EQ-5D-3 L (p

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) es una neoplasia maligna primaria de células epiteliales hepáticas que constituye la neoplasia primaria hepática más frecuente. La ampliación de criterios de trasplante y resecabilidad han hecho más complejas las decisiones terapéuticas. Nos proponemos describir las características clínicas y la supervivencia de los pacientes con CHC tratados mediante resección hepática (RH) o trasplante hepático ortotópico (THO) en nuestro hospital, e identificar la presencia de factores que permitan predecir el pronóstico y facilitar las decisiones terapéuticas. Material y métodos: Se identificaron retrospectivamente los pacientes con CHC intervenidos con intención curativa en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla entre 2007 y 2017. Se analizaron la supervivencia, la mortalidad, el intervalo libre de enfermedad, así como distintas variables relacionadas con el pronóstico. Resultados: Se registraron 96 pacientes con un seguimiento medio tras cirugía de 44 meses. La mortalidad global y la recidiva fueron superiores en el grupo de resección. La supervivencia media fue de 51.4 meses en el grupo de TOH y de 37.5 meses en el de RH, y el tiempo libre de enfermedad alcanzó los 49.4 ± 37.2 y 27.4 ± 28.7 meses, respectivamente (p: 0.002). La carga tumoral, valorada a través del «tumor burden score», presentó una relación significativa con el riesgo de recidiva y la mortalidad específica. Conclusiones: No parece existir un subgrupo de pacientes en los que la resección quirúrgica presente resultados de supervivencia superiores o equiparables al trasplante. La carga tumoral podría ser una herramienta útil para subclasificar y ayudar a guiar las decisiones terapéuticas. Abstract: Introduction and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of liver epithelial cells and is the most frequent primary liver cancer. The broadening of transplantation and resectability criteria has made therapeutic decisions more complex. Our aim was to describe the clinical and survival characteristics of patients with HCC treated through resection or liver transplantation at our hospital and identify the presence of factors that enable outcome prediction and facilitate therapeutic decision-making. Materials and methods: Patients with HCC that underwent surgery with curative intent at the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, within the time frame of 2007 and 2017, were retrospectively identified. Survival, mortality, disease-free interval, and different outcome-related variables were analyzed. Results: Ninety-six patients with a mean follow-up after surgery of 44 months were included. Overall mortality and recurrence were higher in the resection group. Mean survival was 51.4 months in the liver transplantation group and 37.5 months in the resection group, and the disease-free interval was 49.4 ± 37.2 and 27.4 ± 28.7 months, respectively (p = 0.002). The tumor burden score was statistically significant regarding risk for recurrence and specific mortality. Conclusions: There appears to be no patient subgroup in whom the results of surgical resection were superior or comparable to those of transplantation. Tumor burden determination could be a useful tool for patient subclassification and help guide therapeutic decision-making.

Introduction and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of liver epithelial cells and is the most frequent primary liver cancer. The broadening of transplantation and resectability criteria has made therapeutic decisions more complex. Our aim was to describe the clinical and survival characteristics of patients with HCC treated through resection or liver transplantation at our hospital and identify the presence of factors that enable outcome prediction and facilitate therapeutic decision-making. Materials and methods: Patients with HCC that underwent surgery with curative intent at the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, within the time frame of 2007 and 2017, were retrospectively identified. Survival, mortality, disease-free interval, and different outcome-related variables were analyzed. Results: Ninety-six patients with a mean follow-up after surgery of 44 months were included. Overall mortality and recurrence were higher in the resection group. Mean survival was 51.4 months in the liver transplantation group and 37.5 months in the resection group, and the disease-free interval was 49.4 ± 37.2 and 27.4 ± 28.7 months, respectively (p = 0.002). The tumor burden score was statistically significant regarding risk for recurrence and specific mortality. Conclusions: There appears to be no patient subgroup in whom the results of surgical resection were superior or comparable to those of transplantation. Tumor burden determination could be a useful tool for patient subclassification and help guide therapeutic decision-making. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) es una neoplasia maligna primaria de células epiteliales hepáticas que constituye la neoplasia primaria hepática más frecuente. La ampliación de criterios de trasplante y resecabilidad han hecho más complejas las decisiones terapéuticas. Nos proponemos describir las características clínicas y supervivencia de los pacientes con CHC tratados mediante resección (RH) o trasplante hepático (THO) en nuestro Hospital, e identificar la presencia de factores que permitan predecir el pronóstico y facilitar las decisiones terapéuticas. Material y métodos: Se identificaron retrospectivamente los pacientes con CHC intervenidos con intención curativa en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla entre 2007 y 2017. Se analizaron la supervivencia, mortalidad, intervalo libre de enfermedad, así como distintas variables relacionadas con el pronóstico. Resultados: Se registraron 96 pacientes con un seguimiento medio tras cirugía de 44 meses. La mortalidad global y la recidiva fueron superiores en el grupo de resección. La supervivencia media fue de 51.4 meses en el grupo de TOH y de 37.5 meses en el de resección y el tiempo libre de enfermedad alcanzó los 49.4 ± 37.2 y 27.4 ± 28.7 meses, respectivamente (p: 0.002). La carga tumoral, valorada a través del “tumor burden score”, presentó una relación significativa con el riesgo de recidiva y la mortalidad específica. Conclusiones: No parece existir un subgrupo de pacientes en los que la resección quirúrgica presente resultados de supervivencia superiores o equiparables al trasplante. La carga tumoral podría ser una herramienta útil para subclasificar y ayudar a guiar las decisiones terapéuticas.

Ischemic stroke is the result of a permanent or transient occlusion of a brain artery, leading to irreversible tissue injury and long-term sequelae. Despite ongoing advancements in revascularization techniques, stroke remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the complex and interconnected mechanisms, along with the endogenous mediators that modulate stroke responses is essential for the development of effective interventions. Our study investigates cortistatin, a neuropeptide extensively distributed in the immune and central nervous systems, known for its immunomodulatory properties. With neuroinflammation and peripheral immune deregulation as key pathological features of brain ischemia, cortistatin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate. To this aim, we evaluated its potential effect in a well-established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) preclinical stroke model. Our findings indicated that the peripheral administration of cortistatin at 24 h post-stroke significantly reduced neurological damage and enhanced recovery. Importantly, cortistatin-induced neuroprotection was multitargeted, as it modulated the glial reactivity and astrocytic scar formation, facilitated blood-brain barrier recovery, and regulated local and systemic immune dysfunction. Surprisingly, administration of cortistatin at immediate and early post-stroke time points proved to be not beneficial and even detrimental. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of stroke pathology to develop innovative therapeutic strategies with appropriate time windows. Premature interruption of certain neuroinflammatory processes might inadvertently compromise neuroprotective mechanisms. In summary, our study highlights cortistatin as a novel pleiotropic therapeutic approach against ischemic stroke, offering new treatment options for patients who undergo early revascularization intervention but unsuccessful recovery.

The development of creativity and creative thinking in early school-age children is a strategy to foster future capabilities for innovation and change. It is also a strategy to instill resilience in these children, enabling them to face the challenges posed by the various environments that surround teaching and learning processes. This article analyzes the dreams and fears expressed by children from educational institutions located in municipalities affected by the armed conflict in Colombia, within the framework of a route designed to develop creativity and innovative thinking. A qualitative narrative analysis methodology was used to characterize and analyze the narratives of 68 co-creativity teams, involving 408 children. The results show that the narratives are influenced not only by the context in which the children live but also by the consequences of the armed conflict in the areas where the schools are located. The findings suggest that educational strategies like the one studied must incorporate elements that allow for adaptation to the context from the design stage, with a differential approach, to generate the expected positive effects in the territories where they are implemented.

Controversia quiere presentar a sus lectores una visión panorámica de la realidad del sindicalismo colombiano arrancando de su historia anterior para describir a grandes rasgos su conducta en el momento actual. Los cuatro primeros capítulos de este estudio se dedican a la parte histórica. Luego se describe la situación del sindicalismo bajo el régimen bipartidista del Frente Nacional: se mencionan los principales conflictos laborales, la política laboral del Gobierno, el surgimiento de nuevas centrales obreras como la CSTC y la CGT, haciéndose énfasis especial en la evolución política de la UTC. Finalmente, se busca una aproximación al momento actual, para presentar la situación sindical bajo el mandato del presidente, Alfonso López Michelson.

Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV +) lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that harbor latent EBV within the lymphoma cells and are associated with variable clinical features. Outcomes of EBV + Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) patients are typically inferior to their EBV – counterpart, and thus represent an unmet medical need. Nanatinostat (Nstat) is a potent Class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor. With a novel mechanism of action, Nstat induces expression of the lytic BGLF4 protein kinase, which activates the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV), derived from valganciclovir (VGCV) via phosphorylation. Incorporation of phosho-GCV into cellular DNA results in termination of DNA replication and apoptosis. Materials and methods: NAVAL-1 (NCR05011058) is an adaptive Phase 2, open-label, single-arm, two-stage, basket trial. In Stage 1 of the relapsed/refractory (R/R) EBV + PTCL cohort, 20 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Nstat (20 mg orally once daily, 4 days/week) alone or in combination with VGCV (900 mg orally once daily, 7 days/week) and followed for efficacy and safety. Results: As of 28 June, 2024, the investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR) by Cheson 2007 in the 10-patient Nstat+VGCV arm was 50% (with a duration of response that is maturing) with a complete response rate (CRR) of 20% in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (ORR 71% and CRR 29% in the efficacy-evaluable population). One responding patient discontinued Nstat+VGCV to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation and remains lymphoma-free over 1 year. In the 10-patient Nstat monotherapy arm, the ORR and CRR were 10% and 0%, respectively, in the ITT population. Five patients without monotherapy response crossed over to combination therapy, including one who had a partial response and another with stable disease for 24+ weeks, both still ongoing. Most TRAEs have been hematological or gastrointestinal in nature and primarily Grade 1-2 in severity. Most Grade ≥3 TRAEs have been generally manageable or reversible except for one patient with Grade 5 TRAE of sepsis in the context of severe cytopenias. Conclusion: Combination Nstat+VGCV is a promising, generally well-tolerated treatment for patients with R/R EBV + PTCL that has shown improved efficacy over Nstat monotherapy in the challenging scenario of R/R PTCL.

Introduction: Patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) lymphoma are currently faced with challenging outcomes and represent an unmet medical need. Clinical outcomes in this population may be inferior to the EBV– counterpart in different lymphoma subtypes, including Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL). With a novel mechanism of action, nanatinostat (Nstat, a potent Class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor) induces expression of the lytic BGLF4 protein kinase, which activates the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV), derived from valganciclovir (VGCV) via phosphorylation. Incorporation of phospho-GCV into cellular DNA results in termination of DNA synthesis causing apoptosis. Materials and methods: NAVAL-1 (NCR05011058) is an adaptive Phase 2, open-label, single-arm, two-stage, basket trial. Each lymphoma subtype cohort where ≥2 of 10 patients in Stage 1 responded to Nstat (20 mg orally once daily, 4 days/week) and VGCV (900 mg orally once daily, 7 days/week) continued to enroll 11 patients in Stage 2, for a total of 21 patients in each cohort. Efficacy and safety data from the 21-patient relapsed/refractory (R/R) EBV + PTCL cohort are presented herein. Results: As of 28 June, 2024, the investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR), as assessed by Cheson 2007, in 21 patients treated with Nstat+VGCV was 33% (with a median duration of response that has not yet been reached) with a complete response rate (CRR) of 19% in the intent-to-treat population (ORR 41% and CRR 24% in the efficacy-evaluable population), including 2 patients who were able to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Patients receiving the combination in the second-line treatment setting had higher ORR (60%), with a CRR of 30% (efficacy-evaluable ORR 67% and CRR 33%). Most TRAEs have been hematological or gastrointestinal in nature and primarily Grade 1-2 in severity, and most Grade ≥3 TRAEs have been generally manageable or reversible except for one Grade 5 TRAE of sepsis in the context of severe cytopenias. Serious TRAEs have included influenza, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, pancytopenia and sepsis (1 each). Conclusion: Nstat+VGCV is emerging as a promising, generally well-tolerated treatment for patients with R/R EBV + PTCL, particularly in the second-line treatment setting. Enrollment in the PTCL expansion is ongoing.

Urban transportation is pivotal in facilitating citizen mobility, and within this sphere, the thermal comfort experienced at bus stops significantly impacts pedestrians' well-being. This research delves into the analysis of direct sun glare at bus stops utilizing Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) point clouds. Solar angles are calculated to evaluate sun rays, focusing particularly on the summer solstice, and considering the integration of trees to alleviate direct sun glare. The methodological approach comprises four stages: 1) Semantic segmentation of the bus stop environment, 2) Sun glare analysis, 3) Sun glare analysis integrating trees, and 4) Subsoil investigation with Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). Various algorithms, including DBSCAN and filters for height, width, and intensity, are employed to classify different elements contained in the bus stop. Sun rays are then derived based on sun angles, identifying intersections with street elements and vertical structures like bus stops or facades. Subsequently, these intersections are recalculated, incorporating trees in the bus stop vicinity. Finally, GPR is utilized to assess the viability of adding trees. Three bus stops in Vigo, Spain, serve as the focal points of analysis. The study delineates specific time intervals when sun rays either encounter new vegetation obstacles or remain unobstructed. While both small and large trees show potential in reducing sun glare, larger trees notably exhibit greater effectiveness in blocking sun glare for extended periods.

El trabajo revela la influencia que tiene la aplicación de las metodologías activas en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje en la Universidad de Guayaquil. Se preparó un caso de estudio, con el cual se adaptaron los contenidos de la asignatura de redes de computadora a un entorno más actualizado, basado en aulas iconográficas, dejando atrás las aulas basadas en enlaces. Esta experiencia ha permitido brindar un mejor enfoque pedagógico donde los estudiantes y docentes puedan experimentar la interactividad, con metodologías activas como trabajo colaborativo, trabajo cooperativo, aula invertida, aprendizaje basado en problemas, entre otros. La implementación del trabajo logró brindar una experiencia inmersiva a docentes y estudiantes; los docentes, con su rol de facilitador, ayudaron a construir los conocimientos de los estudiantes. Las metodologías elegidas para este trabajo son del tipo cualitativo de corte transversal, donde los instrumentos permitieron evaluar el uso de aulas iconográficas, bajo el entorno Moodle. PACIE (Presencia, Alcance, Capacitación, Interacción, E-learning) permitió canalizar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes en la plataforma y, finalmente, la implementación del sistema dio paso a un aula iconográfica al servicio de estudiantes y docentes para desarrollar todos los enfoques pedagógicos y didácticos que se requieren en el siglo XXI. El resultado nos revela un aula virtual moderna iconográfica con objetos de aprendizaje en línea para el desarrollo de la asignatura de redes de computadora. La validación del trabajo se llevó a cabo por un panel de expertos con experiencia en redes de computadora, pedagogía y en tecnologías de la información.

Abstract Background Frailty among older adults undergoing hemodialysis is increasingly prevalent, significantly impacting cognitive function, mobility, and social engagement. This study focuses on the clinical profiles of very older adults in hemodialysis, particularly examining the interplay of dependency and frailty, and their influence on dialysis regimens. Methods In this observational, descriptive study, 107 patients aged over 75 from four outpatient centers and one hospital unit were examined over a year. Patient data encompassed sociodemographic factors, dialysis specifics, analytical outcomes, lifestyle elements, and self-reported post-treatment fatigue. Malnutrition-inflammation scale was used to measure the Nutritional status; MIS scale for malnutrition-inflammation, Barthel index for dependency, Charlson comorbidity index; FRIED scale for frailty and the SF12 quality of life measure. Results The study unveiled that a substantial number of older adults on hemodialysis faced malnutrition (55%), dependency (21%), frailty (46%), and diminished quality of life (57%). Patients with dependency were distinctively marked by higher comorbidity, severe malnutrition, enhanced frailty, nursing home residency, dependency on ambulance transportation, and significantly limited mobility, with 77% unable to walk. Notably, 56% of participants experienced considerable post-dialysis fatigue, correlating with higher comorbidity, increased dependency, and poorer quality of life. Despite varying clinical conditions, dialysis patterns were consistent across the patient cohort. Conclusions The older adult cohort, averaging over four years on hemodialysis, exhibited high rates of comorbidity, frailty, and dependency, necessitating substantial support in transport and living arrangements. A third of these patients lacked residual urine output, yet their dialysis regimen mirrored those with preserved output. The study underscores the imperative for tailored therapeutic strategies to mitigate dependency, preserve residual renal function, and alleviate post-dialysis fatigue, ultimately enhancing the physical quality of life for these patients.

Abstract Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic-inflammatory diseases, yet its association with progressive periodontitis remains unexplored. To investigate the involvement and significance of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression, we assessed sixteen periodontitis-diagnosed patients. Disease progression was clinically monitored over twelve weeks via weekly clinical evaluations and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection was performed for further analyses. Clinical metrics, proteomic data, in silico methods, and bioinformatics tools were combined to identify protein profiles linked to periodontitis progression and to explore their potential connection with ferroptosis. Subsequent western blot analyses validated key findings. Finally, a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (GSE164241) for gingival tissues was analyzed to elucidate cellular dynamics during periodontitis progression. Periodontitis progression was identified as occurring at a faster rate than traditionally thought. GCF samples from progressing and non-progressing periodontal sites showed quantitative and qualitatively distinct proteomic profiles. In addition, specific biological processes and molecular functions during progressive periodontitis were revealed and a set of hub proteins, including SNCA, CA1, HBB, SLC4A1, and ANK1 was strongly associated with the clinical progression status of periodontitis. Moreover, we found specific proteins - drivers or suppressors - associated with ferroptosis (SNCA, FTH1, HSPB1, CD44, and GCLC), revealing the co-occurrence of this specific type of regulated cell death during the clinical progression of periodontitis. Additionally, the integration of quantitative proteomic data with scRNA-seq analysis suggested the susceptibility of fibroblasts to ferroptosis. Our analyses reveal proteins and processes linked to ferroptosis for the first time in periodontal patients, which offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of progressive periodontal disease. These findings may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Abstract The loss of biodiversity in marine populations is one of the consequences of the increased events of extreme environmental conditions in the oceans, which can condition the persistence of populations to future scenarios of climate change. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to explore and monitor the genetic diversity of natural populations. In the Southeast Pacific Ocean (SEPO), specifically on the coast of Chile, the presence of the copepod Acartia tonsa has been indicated solely using morphological evidence, due to the absence of genetic information. In the present work, the genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic position within the genus Acartia, of populations identified morphologically as A. tonsa, was evaluated by amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear marker 18 s. Our results showed that the populations identified as A. tonsa correspond to a new monophyletic group endemic to SEPO (GMYC = 1.00; PTP = 0.95). The populations showed moderate to high genetic diversity with an incipient structuring between populations and biogeographic zones. Our results suggest that despite the homogenizing effect of the Humboldt Current, isolation by distance and contrasting environmental conditions at different geographic scales have an important influence on the genetic diversity of zooplankton in the SEPO region.

Resumen: Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47,7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44,4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo «dormía bien», pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75,7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16,3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5 y 30,5%, respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia. Abstract: Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy.

Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy. Resumen: Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47.7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44.4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo “dormía bien”, pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75.7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16.3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5% y 30,5% respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia.

Abstract We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe, and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge. Key opportunities and limits in using this dataset are discussed as well as possible future expansions of this open-source approach that should be explored. This dataset complements existing gridded BA data based on remote sensing and offers a valuable opportunity to better understand and assess fire regime changes, and their drivers, in these regions. The ONFIRE database can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/8289245 .

Introduction and aims: Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a serious long-term complication that has a negative impact on graft and patient survival. The purpose of the present study was to describe the incidence of PTDM in a Mexican cohort and evaluate its association with a previous family history of diabetes (FHD). Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). The primary outcome was time from LT to PTDM. The diagnosis of PTDM was established using the ADA criteria. A mediation analysis that used adjusted Cox regression models and considered pretransplant prediabetes a mediator was performed, to determine the total effect and direct effect of FHD on PTDM. Results: A total of 152 patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 41 months; 19.2% (n = 29) had pretransplant diabetes. During the follow-up time, 15% of patients developed PTDM (n = 23), with an incidence rate of 4.71 cases/100 person-years. PTDM was significantly higher in patients with FHD, compared with those with no FHD (8.72 cases/100 person-years vs 2.04 cases/100 person-years, respectively; p = 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of PTDM for FHD was 4.14 (95% CI 1.60–10.7), p = 0.005) and 3.48 (95% CI 1.35–9.01, p = 0.010), when further controlled for pretransplant prediabetes. Conclusion: The occurrence of PTDM was similar to that reported in most international studies. As with type 2 diabetes, family history plays an important role in the development of PTDM, even after accounting for pretransplant prediabetes. Patients with FHD should undergo a stricter metabolic program. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La diabetes mellitus posterior a trasplante (DMPT) es una complicación grave de largo plazo que tiene un impacto negativo sobre el injerto y la sobrevida del paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la incidencia de la DMPT en una cohorte mexicana y evaluar su asociación con el antecedente familiar de diabetes (AFD). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo unicéntrico de pacientes sometidos a trasplante hepático (TH). El desenlace primario fue el tiempo entre el TH y el desarrollo de DMPT. El diagnóstico de DMPT fue establecido utilizando los criterios de la ADA. Se realizó un análisis de mediación que utilizó modelos de regresión de Cox ajustados y se manejó la prediabetes pretrasplante como mediador, para determinar el efecto total y el efecto directo del AFD sobre la DMPT. Resultados: Se incluyó a un total de 152 pacientes, con una mediana de seguimiento de 41 meses; 19.2% (n = 29) presentaron diabetes pretrasplante. Durante el tiempo de seguimiento, 15% de los pacientes desarrollaron DMPT (n = 23), con una tasa de incidencia de 4.71 casos/100 personas-año. La DMPT fue significativamente más elevada en pacientes con AFD en comparación con aquellos sin AFD (8.72 casos/100 personas-año vs 2.04 casos/100 personas-año, respectivamente; p = 0.001). El cociente de riesgo ajustado para el desarrollo de DMPT en los pacientes con AFD fue 4.14 (IC 95% 1.60–10.7; p = 0.005) y 3.49 (IC 95% 1.35–9.01; p = 0.010), cuando se controló por prediabetes pretrasplante. Conclusión: La incidencia de DMPT fue similar a la reportada en la mayoría de los estudios internacionales. Al igual que con la diabetes tipo 2, el AFD juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de la DMPT, incluso después de considerar la prediabetes pretrasplante. Los pacientes con AFD deben someterse a un programa metabólico más estricto.

Small ruminant (sheep and goat) production of meat and milk is undertaken in diverse topographical and climatic environments and the systems range from extensive to intensive. This could lead to different types of welfare compromise, which need to be managed. Implementing Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) and other new or innovative technologies could help to manage or monitor animal welfare. This paper explores such opportunities, seeking to identify promising aspects of PLF that may allow improved management of welfare for small ruminants using literature search (two reviews), workshops in nine countries (France, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom) with 254 stakeholders, and panels with 52 experts. An investigation of the main welfare challenges that may affect sheep and goats across the different management systems in Europe was undertaken, followed by a prioritisation of animal welfare issues obtained in the nine countries. This suggested that disease and health issues, feed access and undernutrition/malnutrition, maternal behaviour/offspring losses, environmental stressors and issues with agonistic behavioural interactions were important welfare concerns. These welfare issues and their indicators (37 for sheep, 25 for goats) were categorised into four broad welfare indicator categories: weight loss or change in body state (BWC), behavioural change (BC), milk yield and quality (MY), and environmental indicators (Evt). In parallel, 24 potential PLF and innovative technologies (8 for BWC; 10 for BC; 4 for MY; 6 for Evt) that could be relevant to monitor these broad welfare indicator categories and provide novel approaches to manage and monitor welfare have been identified. Some technologies had the capacity to monitor more than one broad indicator. Out of the 24 technologies, only 12 were animal-based sensors, or that could monitor the animal individually. One alternative could be to incorporate a risk management approach to welfare, using aspects of environmental stress. This could provide an early warning system for the potential risks of animal welfare compromise and alert farmers to the need to implement mitigation actions.

Alternatives to hormonal treatments (HTs) in dairy sheep reproduction management are being explored in response to increasing societal concerns regarding animal welfare and food safety. However, hormone-free reproduction implies higher variability in flock performances and additional constraints for timely synchronised artificial insemination (AI) in the flock, impacting the diffusion of genetic progress. The use of the male effect, a well-known practice to induce synchronised oestrus, combined with precision tools (e.g., heat detector), is a plausible way to implement AI without HT in dairy sheep farms. To date, the consequences of such alternative reproduction management on the whole farm sustainability remain unknown. To anticipate these potential impacts, a multiagent model (REPRIN’OV) was used to simulate dairy sheep farms’ sustainability indicators (biotechnical, economic, environmental and workload). A reproduction management scenario, including the use of the male effect followed by AI on the adult ewes (HFAI), was simulated and compared to the current reproduction management of four case study farms (Early_conv, Late_conv, Early_org and Late_org). They were selected to represent the different agricultural models (Conventional or Organic) and reproduction seasons (Early − during spring, out of ewes’ natural reproduction season − or Late −from early summer to the end of autumn) of the Roquefort Basin’s farms in Southern France. Simulation results showed that the HFAI scenario had different consequences depending on the farm’s production system type. A negative effect on most key sustainability indicators of the Conv farms was observed, as a significant reduction in the fertility rate, in the proportion of young ewes born from AI (−54% in both farms; P

Estimamos índices de sentimiento a nivel regional y nacional utilizando información en formato de texto del Programa Trimestral de Entrevistas a Directivos, empleada para la elaboración del Reporte sobre las Economías Regionales del Banco de México, referente a los factores que los entrevistados consideran que afectaron, afectan o pudieran afectar la actividad económica en su sector o entidad federativa. Estos índices, estimados con información de los programas de entrevistas trimestrales llevados a cabo entre enero de 2016 y enero de 2021, son posteriormente asociados con diferentes indicadores de actividad económica regional y nacional publicados por el INEGI, obteniéndose correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre los índices de sentimiento y algunos indicadores de actividad económica. Dado que estos índices de sentimiento pueden obtenerse con mayor rapidez que la mayoría de los indicadores tradicionales de actividad económica aquí analizados, el trabajo destaca la relevancia de la información en formato de texto contenida en el Programa Trimestral de Entrevistas a Directivos para complementar la obtenida con indicadores tradicionales.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely recognized for their efficacy in image analysis tasks. This paper investigates the application of the 1D-CNN variant CNNs for the semantic segmentation of urban point clouds obtained through Mobile Laser Scanning. Ten well-known local geometric features of point clouds were used as input for the 1D CNN. Through an empirical analysis on the Santiago Urban Dataset, the 1D CNN was optimized in terms of numbers of convolution layers, neurons, pooling layers, dropout layers, dense layers, training epochs, and batch size. The performance of the proposed 1D CNN was compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and PointNet++. Despite demonstrating a F1-score weighted at 70.3%, outperforming SVM but slightly lagging RF (71.6%) and significantly trailing PointNet++ (90.3%), the proposed 1D-CNN showcases a cost-effective potential for the segmentation of road and building classes. The relative computational requirements of the models were also discussed, highlighting the practical advantages and limitations of each approach.

The biomechanical performance of dental implants determines their clinical success. In this work, the stress and deformation distribution of a new implant design (dense and porous) was evaluated by the Finite Element Method. Furthermore, the effect of the location of the dental implant in the maxillary zone, as well as the mechanical response in the peri-implant maxillary tissue (cortical and trabecular) is discussed in detail. Before carrying out the computational study of the dental implant, Ti6Al4V cylindrical preforms obtained by conventional powder metallurgy and space-holder technique were characterized, to choose the most appropriate porosity (percentage and size) to achieve the biomechanical and biofunctional balance of the dental implant investigated. The novel porous dental implant under investigation exhibits 40% porosity in the region in contact with the trabecular bone, featuring inclined pores at 60 and 120° with a diameter of 200 μm. Our findings revealed that the cortical bone experienced the highest stress values, whereas the trabecular bone exhibited the highest levels of strain. Notably, the location of dental implants in the maxilla highlighted as the most influential factor affecting the maximum values of von Mises equivalent stress and strain. Furthermore, in the second molar location, the stress and strain levels exceeded the recommended thresholds for maintaining peri-implant bone density. Additionally, the porous implants generated significantly higher levels of stress and strain in the peri-implant trabecular bone than dense implants.

Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivo: No se dispone de datos españoles sobre el coste asociado al linfoma cutáneo de células T (LCCT). Además, la incorporación de nuevos tratamientos hace necesario analizar el coste real de la enfermedad. El estudio MICADOS analizó dos objetivos principales: Por un lado, evaluó el impacto en la calidad de vida en los pacientes con LCCT, y por otro lado, estudió los costes de la enfermedad. En esta publicación se recoge el segundo de los objetivos del estudio. Métodos: El coste de la enfermedad se estudió bajo la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) con un horizonte temporal de un año. Participaron 23 dermatólogos y hematólogos de 15 hospitales públicos españoles. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con LCCT del tipo micosis fungoide (MF) y síndrome de Sézary (SS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 141 pacientes, el 57,4% masculinos, con una edad media de 63,6 años (IC 95%: 61,4-65,7). Los costes directos anuales medios por pacientes del estudio fueron de 34.214€, siendo de 11.952,47€ en estadio I, 23.506,21€ en estadio II, 38.771,81€ en estadio III y 72.748,84€ en estadio IV. El coste anual directo total estimado de todos los pacientes en España con MF/SS resultó en 78.301.171€, donde el 81% de los costes fueron atribuibles a pacientes en estadio I, el 7% al estadio II, el 6% al estadio III y el 6% al estadio IV. Conclusiones: Este estudio ofrece una evaluación precisa del coste directo del LCCT en pacientes con MF/SS en España, mostrando costes que varían sustancialmente en función del estadio. Los costes soportados por el paciente y los costes indirectos deberán considerarse en futuras investigaciones. Abstract: Background and objective: The cost of treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in Spain is unknown. With the advent of new treatments, it is more important than ever to gain an accurate picture of the true costs involved. The MICADOS study had 2 primary objectives: 1) to evaluate the impact of CTCL on patient quality of life, and 2) to evaluate the costs associated with the disease. This article reports the results of the cost analysis. Methods: We estimated the cost of treating CTCL over a period of 1 year from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System. Twenty-three dermatologists and hematologists from 15 public hospitals analyzed data for adult patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS). Results: A total of 141 patients (57.4% male) with a mean age of 63.6 years (95% CI: 61.4-65.7 years) were included. The mean direct annual cost of treating CTCL was €34,214 per patient. The corresponding costs by stage were €11,952.47 for stage I disease, €23,506.21 for stage II disease, €38,771.81 for stage III disease, and €72,748.84 for stage IV disease. The total direct annual cost of treating MF/SS in public hospitals in Spain was estimated at €78,301,171; stage I disease accounted for 81% of all costs, stage II for 7%, and stages III and IV for 6% each. Conclusions: The MICADOS study offers an accurate picture of the direct cost of treating CTCL in patients with MF/SS in Spain and shows that costs vary significantly according to disease stage. Patient-borne and indirect costs should be analyzed in future studies.

Olive cultivation is a key agricultural activity in Spain, primarily for producing oil. The extraction process of olive oil from the drupe yields a by-product known as ‘alperujo’, which can be composted and utilized as fertilizer. This research examines the impact of composted ‘alperujo’ on arthropod assemblages in the tree canopy, comparing it to mineral fertilization over the years 2021 and 2022. The study was conducted in two olive groves with different management systems (superintensive and traditional). Two types of sampling methods were used for the canopy: visual survey and sweep net. Under superintensive management, the presence and damage of Eriophyidae (Acari; Trombidiformes) in the shoots was significantly lower in the compost treatment in 2022 (20% of the shoots were occupied/damaged) compared to the mineral treatment (60% of the shoots were occupied/damaged). Araneae abundance was significantly higher (p = 0.033) in the compost treatment compared to the mineral treatment. However, under traditional management, no clear effect on arthropod assemblage was observed. In conclusion, the addition of compost to the superintensive grove helped to limit the presence of some arthropod pests compared to mineral treatment, contributing to a more sustainable crop. Grove type management appeared to play a significant role in the arthropod assemblages and effect of compost addition, but future research utilizing a greater number of groves (replicates) and an extended observation period should be performed to confirm these results.

This review explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the entire winemaking process, from viticulture to bottling, with a particular focus on enhancing food safety and traceability. It discusses AI’s applications in optimizing grape cultivation, fermentation, bottling, and quality control, while emphasizing its critical role in managing microbiological risks such as mycotoxins. The review aims to show how AI technologies not only refine operational efficiencies but also raise safety standards and ensure traceability from vineyard to consumer. Challenges in AI implementation and future directions for integrating more advanced AI solutions into the winemaking industry will also be discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of AI’s potential to revolutionize traditional practices.

In the original publication [...]

ABSTRACTPleurotus ostreatus is an edible fungus with several functional compounds. Previous studies have shown that solid-state fermentation of Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa with P. ostreatus improves their functional properties. Since bread is a highly consumed foodstuff, the objective of this work was to improve its nutritional and functional properties based on P. vulgaris and A. sativa grains biotransformed by P. ostreatus. Results showed that bread made with flour of solid-state fermented grains, provided a higher antioxidant capacity compared to bread made without fermented grains flour. The antioxidant capacity was maintained even after in vitro simulated digestion assays. Bioaccessible protein and fiber content results showed an increase compared to commercial breads. Fermented-flour bread showed lower hardness in its crumb, changed color, and had a good sensory acceptability. This makes these flours potential ingredients in the development of baking goods, making the bread a vehicle for nutrient delivery.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a hallmark of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and has been linked to a poorer quality of life and worse outcomes in patients with end-stage liver disease. Its impact on survival after a liver transplant (LT) is not known, especially when using current diagnostic criteria to define LVDD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature on mortality after a LT in patients with LVDD. We searched for articles in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the COCHRANE Central database. We included cohort studies that compared post-transplant outcomes between cirrhotic patients with and without LVDD. Our primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality after a LT in relation to the presence of LVDD per the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography criteria. A total of 1029 articles were screened during the selection process. Two studies included in the meta-analysis showed no significant difference in mortality, but there was high heterogeneity. A narrative review of other studies that classified diastolic function (DD) using different criteria was also performed, revealing an association with worse outcomes in these patients. High-quality prospective studies using current criteria are needed to confirm these findings.

Gradients of latitudinal diversity are one of the biogeographic features calling the most attention in ecology and macroecology. However, in pelagic communities of the marine environment, geographic trends and patterns are poorly known. We evaluated the latitudinal variation in species richness of marine planktonic copepods in the Eastern Pacific using spatial statistical models and approaches that mitigate and account for biases in occurrence data. A Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) and regression-Kriging based models allowed us to estimate and predict alpha diversity in poorly sampled regions, whereas beta diversity patterns were assessed using generalized dissimilarity analysis (GDM). Species richness showed a bimodal pattern, with a maximum of 291 species in the Northern Hemisphere and Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. Particulate Organic Carbon, salinity (max), spatial autocovariate, range of salinity and temperature, and Mixed Layer Depth, explained 85.2% of the latitudinal variability of copepods. Beta diversity was structured into four macrozones associated with the main water masses of the North and South Pacific.Our analytical approaches can overcome the limitations of data gaps, predicting greater diversity in subtropical and coastal areas, while providing insights into key drivers modulating spatial diversity patterns.

Introduction Schizophreniform Disorder is described pretty similar to schizophrenia, but with the difference of the symptoms duration which have to last for at least 1 month but less than 6 months. Patients have to be back at their baseline functional level once the disorder has resolved. This is a heterogeneous group of patients who have either a disorder similar to schizophrenia or something closer to a mood disorder. Objectives To analyze clinical, psychopathological and epidemiological characteristics of schizophreniform disorder and also review causes, incidence, prevalence, diagnostic, therapeutic tools and the importance of maintaining the treatment, because of the abandonment of the treatment, which is a predictor of relapses. Methods A review of the main impact literature concerning schizophreniform disorder is done during the last five years: prevalence, incidence, pathogenesis and its relationship with other psychiatric disorders encoded in DSM-V are studied. Results The etiology is unknown. Psychotic symptoms can be treated with antipsychotics for 3 to 6 months. They usually respond faster than patients with schizophrenia (75% vs 20% respond within 8 days). Conclusions The disease has a favorable prognosis, and has similarities with mood disorders. However, some data suggest a close relationship to schizophrenia. In support of the relationship with mood disorders, patients have more affective symptoms and a better outcome than patients with schizophrenia. Disclosure of Interest None Declared