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The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of anthropometric activities among a sample of 761 high‐school biology students in terms of student outcomes (achievement and attitudes) and classroom environment (assessed with the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory, SLEI). Data analyses supported the SLEI's factorial validity, internal consistency reliability and ability to differentiate between classrooms. The efficacy of using anthropometric activities was supported by pretest–posttest differences in achievement, as well as by a comparison with a control group's attitudes and perceptions of classroom learning environment. Overall, results provide a degree of support for the positive influence of using anthropometric activities in terms of students' attitudes and the classroom learning environment.

The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship development of naphthalene-derived human CCR8 antagonists is described. In vitro binding assay results of these investigations are reported, critical interactions of the antagonists with CCR8 are defined, and preliminary physicochemical and pharmacokinetic data for the naphthalene scaffold are presented.

We report a 37-year-old woman who presented a cutaneous papulonodular skin eruption with sporotrichoid topographic distribution. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum infection was obtained with the bacteriological examination of a cutaneous biopsy and related to cleaning her aquarium at home. Mycobacteriological grown on a subdermal contraceptive implant had not been published before.

Resume Propos. – Notre but est de decrire les principales manifestations cutanees associees aux syndromes myelodysplasiques. Methodes. – Les donnees de sept malades, quatre avec une vascularite cutanee, un avec une dermatose neutrophilique, un avec une polychondrite chronique atrophiante et un avec un possible erythema elevatum diutinum survenant dans le cadre d’un syndrome myelodysplasique (anemie refractaire AR, AR avec exces de blastes – AREB-, AREB en transformation – AREBt-, leucemie chronique myelomonocytaire – LMMC-) et de la litterature sont analysees. Resultats. – Les manifestations cutanees des syndromes myelodysplasiques peuvent etre specifiques ou non et reveler une transformation de l’hemopathie. La vascularite cutanee est la plus frequente ; elle est polymorphe. La relation avec les dermatoses neutrophiliques est plus specifique ; le spectre clinique inclut le pyoderma gangrenosum, le syndrome de Sweet, l’erythema elevatum diutinum (les anomalies de segmentation des polynucleaires neutrophiles a la fois dans le tissu cutane et le sang constituent un marqueur biologique de cette association). La polychondrite chronique atrophiante est associee de facon significative aux syndromes myelodysplasiques. La physiopathogenie demeure controversee. Conclusion. – Une biopsie precoce des lesions cutanees survenant dans le cadre d’un syndrome myelodysplasique est toujours indiquee. De meme, l’analyse de la formule sanguine est indispensable pour les dermatoses neutrophiliques et les vasculites ; la realisation systematique du myelogramme est licite lors de polychondrite chronique atrophiante.

The synthesis of β-amino-aldehydes has been achieved through enantioselective hydroformylation of PMP-protected allylic amines. The reaction is accomplished by using a scalemic scaffolding ligand that covalently and reversibly binds to the substrate. These ligands behave like chiral auxiliaries because they are covalently attached to the substrate during hydroformylation; however, similar to traditional asymmetric ligands, they can be used in catalytic quantities. The directed hydroformylation of disubstituted olefins occurs under mild conditions (35 °C and 50 psi CO/H(2)), and Z-olefins afford excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93% ee).

Resume Introduction Une atteinte specifique de l’œil a rarement ete decrite au cours de la tuberculose cutanee. Nous rapportons une observation de tuberculose cutanee hemifaciale associee a une atteinte de la conjonctive homolaterale d’evolution fibrosante. Observation Une femme de 83 ans consultait pour une conjonctivite inflammatoire non bulleuse de l’œil gauche comportant une neovascularisation corneenne et evoluant vers un symblepharon avec ptosis. Il existait, de plus, des papules erythemateuses lupoides atrophiques dispersees sur l’hemiface gauche. Les biopsies cutanee et conjonctivale revelaient un granulome tuberculoide et objectivaient la presence de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en culture. L’antibiotherapie antituberculeuse etait efficace sur toutes les lesions. Discussion Cette observation rappelle que le diagnostic de tuberculose doit pouvoir etre evoque devant des lesions faciales atypiques comprenant une atteinte conjonctivale.

Natural photosynthesis harvests the energy in solar light to power chemical reactions and uses CO2 as the carbon source. Because light as an energy source is free and abundant, chemical reactions similar to photosynthesis have major fundamental and practical implications.[1-2] Indeed, significant efforts have been attracted to this research goal. The majority of attention for photochemical reactions that transform CO2 have focused primarily on conversion into fuels.[3-4] How to learn from photosynthesis and devise reaction routes for the synthesis of useful organic compounds receives relatively underwhelmed considerations.[5] Drawing inspiration from the mechanisms found in dark reactions of photosynthesis and using p-type Si nanowires as a photocathode, here we show that highly specific reactions can be readily carried out to produce α-hydroxy acids by photoreduction of aromatic ketones, followed by CO2 fixation. Powered by solar light, this reaction is in close resemblance to natural photosynthesis, and different from its electrochemical analogues. The carboxylation products of two of the substrates examined in this communication serve as precursors to nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID), ibuprofen and naproxen.[6]

In the presence of Rh(acac)(CO)2 and the phosphine (POS), allylic alcohols are found to undergo regioselective hydroformylation.

A highly regioselective hydroformylation of allylic alcohols is reported toward the synthesis of β-hydroxy-acid and aldehyde products. The selectivity is achieved through the use of a ligand that reversibly binds to alcohols in situ, allowing for a directed hydroformylation to occur. The application to trisubstituted olefins was also demonstrated, which yields a single diastereomer product consistent with a stereospecific addition of CO and hydrogen.

The synthesis of β-amino-aldehydes has been achieved through enantioselective hydroformylation of PMP-protected allylic amines. The reaction is accomplished by using a scalemic scaffolding ligand that covalently and reversibly binds to the substrate. These ligands behave like chiral auxiliaries because they are covalently attached to the substrate during hydroformylation; however, similar to traditional asymmetric ligands, they can be used in catalytic quantities. The directed hydroformylation of disubstituted olefins occurs under mild conditions (35 °C and 50 psi CO/H2), and Z-olefins afford excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93% ee).

We report a 37-year-old woman who presented a cutaneous papulonodular skin eruption with sporotrichoid topographic distribution. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum infection was obtained with the bacteriological examination of a cutaneous biopsy and related to cleaning her aquarium at home. Mycobacteriological grown on a subdermal contraceptive implant had not been published before.

The design and application of a scaffolding ligand that promotes branch and diastereoselective hydroformylation of terminal olefins as well as the regio- and diastereoselective hydroformylation of disubstituted olefins is reported. It is shown that the ligand covalently and reversibly bonds to the substrate, allowing for directed hydroformylation. As the substrate ligand interaction is dynamic, hydroformylations are catalytic in ligand and do not require any additional synthetic steps to add or remove the directing group. Using a catalytic quantity of a scaffolding ligand (20−25 mol %), excellent regioselectivity for disubstituted olefins (up to 98:2) and high branch selectivity (up to 88:12) for terminal olefins were obtained.

Use of cosmetic products to bleach or lighten the skin is common among dark-skinned women in some sub-Saharan African countries. Long-term use of some pharmacologic compounds (e.g. hydroquinone, glucocorticoids and mercury) can cause adverse effects including dermatologic disorders such as dyschromia, exogenous ochronosis, acne and hypertrichosis, prominent striae, tinea corporis, pyoderma, erysipelas, scabies, and contact dermatitis and systemic complications such as hypertension, hypercorticism or surrenal deficiency, and mercurial nephropathy.

Tuberculous conjunctivitis has been described only rarely during the course of lupus vulgaris. We report a case of hemifacial cutaneous tuberculosis, diagnosed as atypical lupus vulgaris, associated with homolateral fibrosing tuberculous conjunctivitis.An 83-year-old woman presented inflammatory conjunctivitis without bullous involvement in the left eye leading to corneal neovascularisation, symblepharons and ptosis. Erythematous and atrophic papules were seen on the left side of the face. Biopsy of the skin and conjunctiva revealed a tuberculoid granulomatous infiltrate. Bacterial culture and PCR were both positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.This case illustrates the need to consider tuberculosis when faced with an atypical facial eruption and ocular involvement.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumor involving blood and lymphatic vessels and induced by viral growth factors (HHV8-IL6). This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum (classic KS, iatrogenic immunosuppressive KS, endemic African KS, and AIDS-KS), histological features, staging criteria and treatment of KS. Unlike industrialized countries that have benefited from widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), developing countries continue to have a high incidence of AIDS-KS. Future therapeutic targets for KS are enhancement of immune function and treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors

Cutaneous tuberculosis is now uncommon in industrial countries despite the rising incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in areas with high prevalence of HIV infection. Nevertheless it is still important to know the multiple clinical manifestations of cutaneous tuberculosis and to be aware of new laboratory diagnostic methods such as polymerization chain reaction gene amplification.

The authors report their experience as tropical physicians and as dermatologists within the Medico-surgical group during Operation Licorne an overseas mission with the French Army near Yamussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire. Most of the major endemic diseases were encountered. Only acute infections were treated. The Buruli ulcer epidemic due to Mycobacterioum ulcerans ulcer epidemic is a scourge that mainly affects children with a high incidence of osteitis.

The epidemiological hallmark of the new millennium has been the emergence or recrudescence of transmissible diseases with high epidemic potential. Disease tracking is becoming an increasingly global task requiring implementation of more and more sophisticated control strategies and facilities for sustainable development. A promising initiative involves the use of satellite technology to monitor and forecast the spread of disease. The Health Early Warning System (HEWS) was designed based on successful application of satellite data in food programs as well as in other areas (e.g. weather, farming and fishing). The HEWS integrates data from communications, remote-sensing and positioning satellites. The purpose of this review is to present the main studies containing satellite data on public health in tropical areas. Satellite data has allowed development of more reactive epidemiological tracking networks better suited to increasing population mobility, correlation of environmental factors (vegetation index, rainfall and ocean surface color) with human, animal and insect factors in epidemiological studies and assessment of the role of such factors in the development or reappearance of disease. Satellite technology holds great promise for more efficient management of public health problems in tropical areas.

This report describes the results of epidemiological surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French military personnel in French Guiana. Data was collected regarding microscopic diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and lesion location as well as compliance with vector control measures. Year-to-year variations in the incidence in the general population have been attributed to changes in climatic conditions. Monitoring incidence and density curves, correlation of findings with local epidemiological data, and analysis of the most recent epidemic in 1998/99 (326 cases, attack rate 3.2% men years) highlight the importance of behavioral factors. The proportion of total cases involving military personnel varied widely from 20 to 85%. Investigation consistently showed that failure to apply elementary protective measures against sandfly bites was the most determinant factor in this proportion. Strict compliance with these measures appears to reduce the risk of infection considerably.

Pseudoainhum is a rare acquired or congenital disorder characterized by progressive development of a fibrotic band on a finger or toe until spontaneous autoamputation occurs. Ainhum is an idiopathic disease involving the fifth toes of black people mainly in tropical zones. Based on experience in five cases and a review of the literature, the authors describe clinical features of these diseases and analyze various etiological hypotheses including infectious (mycosis, mycobacteria), traumatic (plants), vascular (andysplasia), neurological (polyneuritis), and genetic (keratodermia) mechanisms.

The association of bullous pemphigoid and acquired haemophilia is reported.A 74 year-old man developed a bullous pemphigoid after decreasing corticotherapy, ecchymosis and haematomas revealing a high level of acquired anti-VIII antibodies (110 Bethesda UB units; TCA 98 s). Immunosuppressive treatment (cyclosporine, prednisone, azathioprine and bolus of cyclophosphamide) did not stop the disease. Perfusion of recombinant factor VIIa, human immunoglobulins and prednisone-azathioprine association permitted clinical and biological remission.Acquired haemophilia is idiopathic half the time. It can appear in autoimmmune diseases. Mortality is high. Only 4 cases of association with bullous pemphigoid have been reported in the literature. At the haemorrhagic phase, porcine factor VIII or more recombinant activated factor VII with human immunoglobulins are necessary. Immunosuppressive treatment is used to decrease production of anti-factor VIII antibodies.