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The stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells playing essential roles in tissue regeneration and tissue repair. This type of stem cells are able to differentiate into various cell types. Their regenerative ability can be applied in dentistry as well as in various fields of regenerative medicine. The results obtained from experimental trials are generally promising. However clinical trials are still missing because of various challanges. Herein, I focus on the data obtained from fundamental and clinical trials assessing the benefits of SHED on regeneration of tooth decays, wound healing, craniofascial abnormalities, and treatment of various neurological, cardiovascular, digestive and muscular diseases.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effects of Cichorium intybus (CI) on apoptosis and GABA(A) receptor density in the brains of rats in pentyleneterazole induced kindling. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, pentylenetetrazol administered (PTZ) group, and PTZ+CI extract administered (PTZ+CI) group. Control group received only physiological saline (0.5 ml). PTZ (35 mg/kg) injected to the animals in the PTZ and PTZ+CI groups. The CI extract (200 mg/kg) was also administered to the PTZ+CI group. A 75 mg/kg challenge dose of PTZ was administrated to the PTZ treated groups, on the 12th injection. Results: A significant increase was found in the number of neurons expressing the GABA(A) receptor in the brain tissue (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) of the PTZ group when compared to the control. The density of GABA(A) receptor of the neurons in the cerebral cortex significantly increased in PTZ administered groups compared to the control.The number of apoptotic neurons was found non-significant between groups in the brain. Conclusion: CI treatment prolonged the onset of the first seizure activity and seizure latency at a convulsive dose, and kept the number of GABA(A) receptors close to that of the control in the hippocampus. Amaç: Bu çalışma, pentileterazole indüklü kindlingte, Cichorium intybus’un sıçanların beyinlerinde apoptoz ve GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar üç gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol grubu, pentilentetrazol uygulanan (PTZ) grup ve PTZ + Cichorium intybus ekstresi (PTZ + CI) uygulanan grup. Kontrol grubu sadece serum fizyolojik (0.5 ml) aldı. PTZ ve PTZ + CI gruplarındaki hayvanlara PTZ (35 mg/kg) enjekte edildi. PTZ + CI grubuna ayrıca CI ekstraktı da (200 mg/kg) uygulandı. PTZ uygulanan gruplara 12. enjeksiyonda 75 mg/kg’lık bir PTZ dozu uygulandı. Bulgular: PTZ grubunun beyin dokusunda (hipokampus ve tüm beyin) GABAA reseptörünü ifade eden nöronların sayısında kontrole göre önemli bir artış bulundu. Tüm beyindeki nöronların GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu, kontrol grubuna kıyasla PTZ uygulanan gruplarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Beyindeki apoptotik nöronların sayısı gruplar arasında anlamsız bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Cichorium intybus uygulması, konvülsif dozda ilk nöbet aktivitesi oluşumu ve nöbet latansını geciktirdi ve hipokampusta GABAA reseptörlerinin sayısını kontrole yakın tuttu. Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Scientific Research

Isotretinoin (ISR), the common therapeuticagent for acne vulgaris, when used long term, leads to various side effects viz., oxidative toxicity, renal and hepatic dysfunction, depression, congenital abnormalities, aortic art defects, microcephaly, etc. Here, we explored the effects of silymarin (SLY), a flavonolignan from the seeds of the milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) which has potential to protect the liver against chemical and environmental toxins and increase proliferation rate of tubule cells, against ISR induced liver and kidney injury. Thirty-two male Balb/c mice (3 months of age) were divided into four groups: control, isotretinoin (ISR, 40 mg/kg/day), silymarin (SLY, 200 mg/kg/day), and ISR+SLY group. We investigated liver and kidney injury by histopathological scoring system, and apoptotic cells labelled by TUNEL method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in serum samples biochemically. ALT and AST levels were increased in ISR group (P = 0.025, P = 0.003, respectively). SLY decreased those levels in ISR+SLY group (P = 0.002, P = 0.013, respectively). Liver tissues of ISR group showed interstitial edema and necrosis, alteration in shape and size of nuclei, mononuclear and kuppfer cell infiltration. Kidney tissues of ISR group showed tubular degeneration, necrosis, glomerular collapse, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. SLY improved those histopathological changes and suppressed apoptotic cell death. We suggest that silymarin might be beneficial to some extent by preventing the side effects induced by chronic ISR therapy in patients with acne vulgaris.