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Objectives. To reveal how the subject in sociological and psychological studies of the family and parenthood change depending on sociocultural context. Background. According to social constructivism, all ideas are not determined by the biological foundations of human interaction, but are products of social and cultural construction. That is why the concepts of partnership and family relations in recent decades have been seriously revised. We can see the evolution of approaches in formulation of hypotheses and interpretation of results in studies of partnerships and family relations, attitudes toward parenthood, expected family size, etc. As we show in the article, currently prevailing social ideas about the conditional norm of gender behavior and relationships influence these formulations. Understanding this influence is very important for critical reflection of the relationship between social processes and the focus of research. This reflection acts as a tool to increase the validity of the results and their interpretation, especially in studies carried out in line with the qualitative and mixed methodology. Methodology. The paper includes a substantive (thematic) and quantitative analysis of the subject of sociological and psychological research, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the subject and sociocultural context in different periods of research. Conclusions. The article shows that objective social processes are reflected in the predominance of certain research topics and theoretical frameworks in interpretation of the obtained data. Reflection of the social context of research is a necessary procedure to increase the validity of the results and allows to create a basis for building prognostic models.

The paper reports the results of the phenomenological study of client experiences in the process of psychotherapy. It describes the stages of categorization, generalization, and interpretation of data. We raised the following questions: what changes happen to client experiences during the same treatment session and between sessions; and how these changes relate to the components of optimal experience. The sample consisted of 6 people aged 32—53, 5 women, and one man. One female client attended four meetings with a psychotherapist; the male and four female clients attended three meetings each. The transcripts were coded by two independent experts, followed by a joint discussion. First, unique semantic units were marked, then the statements were coded and categorized by experts. We give an account of the generalized dynamics of client experiences. The results of applying the categorical grid of the model of optimal experience to the dynamics of client experiences are presented separately. The yielded results can be interpreted as qualitative effectiveness markers of psychotherapeutic work.

Chronic treatment of rats with kardosten for 6 months had a positive effect on some ECG values and behavior without disordering the hepatorenal functions. All effects of the drug observed during a course of treatment were leveled and the parameters reached the basal values within 2 weeks after drug discontinuation, this confi rming its safety.

The results of a combined roentgenoradionuclide investigation of the lungs were studied in 45 persons at risk of developing chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases, diagnosed in a mass screening of 3000 workers at an industrial enterprise. The results of fluorographic, roentgenoscopic and roentgenographic investigations of the lungs, roentgenopneumopolygraphy and radionuclide investigation of lung perfusion (pulmoscintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled albumin macroaggregates) were compared. During this combined investigation the signs of nonspecific pulmonary diseases were diagnosed in 40% of the patients, changes of the pulmonary blood flow--in 71%, changes of ventilation--in all the examinees. A conclusion was made of the necessity of additional combined investigation of patients belonging to risk groups, identified during mass screenings.

The results of a combined roentgeno-radionuclide investigation of the lungs were studied in 45 persons at risk of developing chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases, diagnosed in a mass screening of 3000 workers at an industrial enterprise. The results of fluorographic, roentgenoscopic and roentgenographic investigations of the lungs, roentgeno-pneumopolygraphy and radionuclide investigation of lung perfusion (pulmoscintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled albumin macroaggregates) were compared. During this combined investigation the signs of nonspecific pulmonary diseases were diagnosed in 40% of the patients, changes of the pulmonary blood flow--in 71%, changes in ventilation--in all the examinees. A conclusion was made of the necessity of additional combined investigation of patients belonging to risk groups, identified during mass screenings.

Insulin supply of the body, activity of hormonal and nonhormonal insulin antagonists were studied and compared in subjects of different age with disordered carbohydrate tolerance. The role of hormonal and non-hormonal antagonists in the genesis of glucose intolerance was found to be different in different age periods in the presence of hyperinsulinemia and the reduced insulin-glucose index common to all the groups examined. Young age is marked by a distinct increase in glucocorticoid and, to a less degree, in androgenic functions of the adrenals. The elderly manifest activation of the angiotensin-renin-aldosterone system and more pronounced hypercholesterolemia and triglyceridemia in the presence of the changed body sensitivity to insulin. It is suggested that age-associated changes in the mechanisms of the glucose homeostasis control may be of importance in the formation of the features of individual patterns of diabetes mellitus.

Combined examination of 117 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed the clinical and hormonal features of stable and labile diseases. Emphasis is laid on the complexity of the lability phenomenon; evidence is given for the necessity of differentiating between genuine lability and that of the iatrogenic type. The importance of hormonal shifts (depletion of the secretory capability of the insulin-producing apparatus and reduction of contrainsular effects) for the origin of destabilization of glucose homeostasis is discussed.