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The authors found that in long-term studies, the levels of damage to raspberries of the remontant type of fruiting by raspberry gall midge Resseliella theobaldi (Barn.), associated with mycosis - midge blight: the development of the disease ranges from 29 to 40%. Also, deep necrotization of the internal tissues of the stem (loss of commercial productivity) ranges from 15 to 28% of the total number of shoots. Therefore, gallic burn with an average and severe degree of damage significantly affects the growth, development, and productivity of annual shoots of remontant raspberries. In addition, gall midge burn reduces the total number of internodes formed by 10–15%, increases the number of vegetative nodes on the shoot by 13–32%, and reduces the length of the productive shoot by 12–17 cm. In addition, the diameter of the generative projection at the base is reduced by 14%, the number of generative organs is reduced by 1.4–5.2 times, the weight of 1 fruit is also reduced by 1.1–1.4 times, the productivity of 1 shoot also decreases by 1.6–5.4 times. The authors found that the severity of gall burn on a remontant weakly resistant raspberry variety can theoretically be calculated by a regression equation for the relationship between the level of disease development (X) and the degree of decrease in shoot productivity (Y): Y = -0.6395 + 0.6267X + 0.0019X2, which allows interpolating estimates for any levels of damage to stands.

Introduction. The spread of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), comorbid with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, requires modification of methods for non-invasive diagnosis of liver steatosis and fibrosis and concomitant gastrointestinal syndromes.Aim. Substantiation of a modified complex outpatient transabdominal sonographic diagnosis of combined lesions of the liver and intestines in comorbid GERD.Materials and methods. 165 outpatients with GERD (mean age 40.4 ± 2.9 years) underwent clinical and laboratory examinations, ultrasound examination (UE) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver shear wave elastometry (SWE), esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy (CS).Results and discussion. In patients with GERD, a pronounced transsyndromic comorbidity was observed. The degrees of steatosis and fibrosis of the liver according to SWE positively correlated with the biochemical indices APRI and FORNS. ST-index of liver steatosis was statistically significantly associated with the presence of esophagitis, bile sludge, gallbladder polyps and thickening of the colon wall according to ultrasound criteria, sigmoiditis according to CS. Steatosis on ultrasound was associated with male sex, increased waist circumference, lactase deficiency and deficiency of cholecalciferol in the blood, the presence of yeast-like fungi in feces. Liver fibrosis according to the FORNS index directly correlated with the volume of HE-reflux, duodenitis and intestinal damage according to the results of ultrasound, and according to the APRI index, it inversely correlated with the concentration of vitamin D3 in the blood. Fibrosis according to the ESP criteria directly correlated with the presence of hiatal hernia, bile sludge, and the volume of HE-refluxate according to ultrasound criteria; with lactase deficiency, as well as esophagitis and colitis on endoscopic signs.Conclusions. To identify steatosis and liver fibrosis, the SWE methodology can be considered priority, and serum panels of biomarkers – alternative. Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract and SWE allow you to identify the degree of steatosis and fibrosis of the liver, the pathology of the esophagus, colon and the biliary system.

INTRODUCTION. The need for accurate risk stratification is obvious. Modern methods are quite cumbersome, which can cause difficulties when applied in routine practice, and therefore relatively simple but accurate forecasting methods have become very popular, which, however, have not been validated in Russia: SORT (Surgical Outcome Risk Tool), SRS (Surgical Risk Scale), POSPOM (Preoperative Score to Predict Postoperative Mortality), NZRISK (New Zealand RISK), SMPM (Surgical Mortality Probability Model). OBJECTIVES. The aim of this work is to determine the prognostic value of risk assessment scales in predicting an unfavorable postoperative outcome based on the analysis of data obtained in the STOPRISK study in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of data on perioperative parameters of 1,179 patients who underwent open abdominal surgery is presented. RESULTS. The fatal outcome was recorded in 14 patients (1.18 %). A total of 135 complications were registered in 92 patients (7.8 %). All scales demonstrated satisfactory prognostic value in assessing the risk of complications (the area under the operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the Physical Status Scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) was 0.714 (0.687–0.739), for the Surgical Risk Scale (SRS) — 0.727 (0.701–0.753), for the Surgical Outcome Risk Scale (SORT) — 0.738 (0.712–0.763), for the New Zealand Risk Scale (NZRISK) — 0.763 (0.738–0.787), for the Surgical Mortality Probability Scale (SMPM) — 0.732 (0.706–0.757), for the Preoperative Postoperative mortality Prediction Scale (POSPOM) — 0.764 (0.738–0.788)) and good in assessing the risk of death (AUROC for the ASA scale was 0.82 (0.804–0.843), for the SRS scale — 0.860 (0.838–0.879), for the SORT scale — 0.860 (0.838–0.879), for the NZRISK scale — 0.807 (0.783–0.829), for the SMPM scale — 0.852 (0.831–0.872), for the POSPOM scale — 0.811 (0.788–0.833)). CONCLUSIONS. All the studied scales have good prognostic value in assessing the risk of 30-day mortality after major abdominal surgery. The NZRISK and POSPOM scales demonstrate good prognostic value for cardiovascular complications, POSPOM and SRS scales — for acute renal injury. POSPOM and NZRISK scales showed an excellent prognostic value in relation to the risk of postoperative delirium.

The paper studies the establishment and development history for road stone quality requirements and covers its manufacture in the pre-revolutionary Russia. It is shown that industrial-scale production of road stone was first initiated in Russia as late as at the end of the 19 century. Due to the development of road construction technologies, it became requisite to assess the quality of rocks used to produce crushed stone. The first speculative conclusions on the effect of moisture, mechanical and temperature loads on the quality of crushed stone were made in the middle of the 19 century; however, at the time, there was no uniformity in how to establish the material quality. Crushed stone quality indicators (strength, abrasion, grain shape, and some others) were formulated at the beginning of the 20 century, when mechanized crushed stone manufacturing methods were being first introduced in Russia. In the same period, methods were developed for establishing certain crushed stone quality indicators in laboratory conditions. The underlying principles for these methods, in fact, correspond to the current methods of testing physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The difference lies in the equipment design, experimental conditions, and quantitative assessments of the indicators studied. In general, the late 19 – early 20 centuries may be referred to as the period when the scientific approach was first applied to crushed stone quality studies in Russia and the foundations for its standardization were laid.

Sintering of oxidized copper nanoparticles arrays in the form of lines by the local treatment of laser radiation with wavelengths of 527 nm and 980 nm was studied. To form lines with a width equal to 40–150 μm and a thickness equal to 0.5–4 μm focused aerosol jets with average nanoparticle sizes of 110 and 65 nm were used. The production of semiconductor arrays from oxidized copper nanoparticles with a specific electrical resistance of 2⋅10−3 Ω⋅m using laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm was demonstrated.

This work demonstrates synthesis of metal Au nanoparticles with a plasmon resonance in the visible optical region by the spark discharge method in atmosphere of argon of purity 6.0. With raising of sintering temperature from 25 to 950 °C, the morphology of synthesized Au nanoparticles changed from agglomerates to individual particles with decreasing the median size from 270 to 90 nm according to aerosol spectrometer. While by transmission electron microscopy primary nanoparticles with a gold crystalline structure with sizes in range from 5 to 120 nm were observed. Synthesized nanoparticles ensembles had broad absorption peaks with maximum in the visible optical region with peak positions approximately at 490 nm. High temperature sintered particles had a spherical shape and an additional absorption peak at approximately 640 nm.

The authors present the results of investigation and experimental implementation of several processes: production of heavy oil residue and its deasphaltizing and impregnation of carbonate rock with deasphalted oil. Heavy oil residue has been produced during fractionation of highly-vicious oil by steam-thermal method. Deasphaltizing of oil-residue and impregnation of carbonate rock are implemented with the use of extraction and supercritical fluid impregnation processes with propane-butane solvent.

Актуальность темы определяется широким развитием и применением мобильных вычислительных средств, использующихся для хранения и обработки конфиденциальных информационных ресурсов. Данная работа посвящена вопросам защиты информационных ресурсов в бортовой системе транспортных средств от несанкционированного доступа. Выявлены недостатки существующих подходов защиты подобных систем вследствие широких возможностей злоумышленников вне контролируемых зон воздействия как на средства защиты, так и на пользователей системы. В связи с этим предложен подход защиты информационных ресурсов мобильных вычислительных средств, позволяющий получить доступ только в защищенных зонах. В статье разработана структурная модель многоуровневой системы защиты доступа к информационному ресурсу, включающая следующие уровни: физическую защиту, систему аутентификации, криптографическую и стеганографическую системы. Особенность данного метода заключается в том, что предлагается дополнить правила доступа к ресурсу данных подсистем контролем местоположения мобильного объекта информатизации. Это достигается за счет формирования ключей криптографической и стеганографической систем с учетом данных о географических координатах мобильного объекта. На основе данной модели разработано программное средство для защиты доступа к информационному ресурсу с учетом навигационного ключа, позволяющее повысить уровень защищенности мобильных объектов информатизации.

Data obtained on the compositions of rock-forming minerals from the Kivakka layered intrusion indicate that the #Fe of olivine increases up the vertical section of the intrusion, and the #Mg of the pyroxenes and the anorthite contents of the plagioclase simultaneously decrease, which reflects the fractionation of the parental melt. Emphasis is placed onto the compositional variability of minerals in the layered unit. A method is developed for the reliable calculation of the composition of pyroxenes before their exoslution (separately for ortho-and clinopyroxene). The composition of minerals in the zone of intercalating melano-, meso-, and leucocratic norites remains practically unchanged, which is generally consistent with the results of mathematical simulations: compositional variations of the bronzite (#Mg) and plagioclase (An content) during the crystallization of the bronzite-plagioclase cotectic were no greater than 5 mol %. The variations in the concentrations of trace elements in the cumulus and intercumulus clinopyroxene occurred to be the most informative. It was determined that the Cr concentration in the cumulus augite is statistically significantly lower than that in the intercumulus augite, which is at variance with fractionation laws and led us to suggest that the rocks with cumulus pyroxenes were formed by a melt with a higher degree of fractionation than those of the intercumulus melts of the adjacent layers.

Herina dimorphica n. sp. (type locality Israel) and H. sicula n. sp. (type locality Sicily, Italy) are described and illustrated, and a new species group (the Herina dimorphica species group) is established for both species. H. dimorphica is characterized by a sexually-dimorphic wing pattern and venation. H. sicula is similar albeit not sexually-dimorphic. Almost all known Herina species are assigned to one of nine species groups, which are keyed.

Russian Abstract: Конституционная ответственность лиц, занимающих государственные должности как особая форма юридической ответственности, является мощным и надежным инструментом поддержания в государстве правового порядка, режима законности, защиты прав и свобод человека и гражданина, что является основополагающим условием укрепления и развития демократии в России, повышения эффективности функционирования институтов государственной власти в сложных условиях проводимых Российской Федерацией политических и социально-экономических реформ.English Abstract: Constitutional responsibility of persons holding public office as a special form of legal liability, is a powerful and reliable tool to maintain the state of the legal order, the regime of law, protection of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, which is a fundamental condition for the consolidation and development of democracy in Russia, improve the functioning of the institutions state power in difficult conditions carried out by the Russian Federation political and socio-economic reforms.

Herina caribbeana Kameneva, sp. n. from Dominica is described and figured. It is related to the narytia group of species, to date represented by 4 North American species, but differs from these by the wing pattern (dark spots at apex of R1 and on the crossbands r-m and dm-cu separated, not forming crossband), as well as male genitalia (prensisetae long and close together). This is the first record of the genus Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from the Neotropical Region. A key to the New World species is provided. Описана Herina caribbeana Kameneva, sp. n. с о. Доминика. Он относится к группе видов narytia, представленной 4 видами из Северной Америки, но отличается от них рисунком крыла (тёмные пятна на вершине R1 и поперечных жилках r-m и dm-cu разделены, не образуя сплошной перевязи), а также строением гениталий самца (пренсисеты длинные и сближенные). Это первая находка рода Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 из Неотропической области. Приведена таблица для определения видов, обитающих в Новом Свете.

The paper describes the priorities of health-promoting and medical rehabilitation in railwaymen working under adverse industrial conditions. The authors define the priorities of selection of occupational groups to be primarily referred for sanatorium-and-spa treatment (by taking into account the profile of disease or major industry-associated risk factors), which regulate the medical criteria for selection of contingents (apparently healthy individuals having risk factors, with early morbid signs and significant forms of underlying occupational and industry-dependent diseases). The periodicity of referrals for sanatorium-and-spa treatment and health-promotion depends on the intensity of and exposure to occupational factors, as well as the mean time of development of major forms of abnormalities.

The paper discusses the present working conditions on railway transport, by using the results of employee rating, characterizes railway services showing the greatest magnitude of adverse and dangerous factors of working conditions. It also characterizes occupational morbidity in railway transport workers over 5 years (1999-2003) and by hazards problems of occupational morbidity and by basic services: locomotive, wagon, and track ones. The paper also presents the rates of disability due to occupational diseases, characterizes the priorities of prevention of occupational diseases on the railway transport.

The paper deals with environment-induced changes in the health status of the population living in areas exposed to factors associated with the activities of railway objects and associates them with the data obtained from a comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution at the present level of technological process of an object under study, in this case it is a locomotive depot in one of the towns of the Moscow Region.