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1. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2022
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2. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.

Published
2020
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3. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author

P. Sorensen, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. Holtom, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, V.V. Sosnovtsev, J. J. Cherwinka, V. B. Francis, A. Naylor, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, P. Beltrame, X. Xiang, A. Manalaysay, P. R. Scovell, D. Q. Huang, Ethan Bernard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, I. B. Peterson, A. Cottle, A. Biekert, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Campbell, Alexander Bolozdynya, C. Chiller, M. G. D. van der Grinten, Matthew Szydagis, C. O. Vuosalo, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, V. Bugaev, B. Boxer, R. Coughlen, J. Liao, I. Stancu, L. de Viveiros, P. MarrLaundrie, A. Lambert, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Michael Schubnell, A. Piepke, S. Greenwood, J. P. Coleman, A. Geffre, D. Bauer, G. W. Shutt, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Qie, Dongming Mei, L. Sabarots, S. Hans, Bhawna Gomber, W. Skulski, J. A. Nikkel, S. A. Hertel, A. Arbuckle, F.-T. Liao, S. R. Eriksen, Daniel McKinsey, E. Druszkiewicz, Jilei Xu, P. Sutcliffe, H. J. Rose, C. Nehrkorn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. Landerud, Martin Breidenbach, D. Molash, Candace Lynch, W. G. Jones, M. A. Olevitch, Ian S. Young, M. Sarychev, B. N. Edwards, A. Pagac, L. Tvrznikova, P. Ford, S. Luitz, T. J. R. Davison, D. Pagenkopf, P. Majewski, G. Gregerson, Chao Zhang, Mary Severson, A. Currie, Ross G. White, Carl Gwilliam, S. J. Patton, A. J. Bailey, David Colling, Minfang Yeh, K. Wilson, P. Rossiter, S. Alsum, G. Pereira, V. M. Gehman, A. Dushkin, I. Khurana, Richard J. Smith, Benjamin Krikler, N. Marangou, John Heise, C. Loniewski, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, E. Mizrachi, C. Levy, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, X. Bai, J. Johnson, J. O'Dell, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Elena Korolkova, S. Pierson, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, T. Tope, A. Richards, Yufeng Wang, Ren-Jie Wang, J. Genovesi, C. Maupin, Kathrin C. Walker, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Eli Gibson, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, E. M. Boulton, G. Rutherford, S. Kyre, J. Mock, Seth Hillbrand, D. White, Q. Xiao, Sridhara Dasu, R. Leonard, J. Y.K. Hor, B. Holbrook, C. Nedlik, S. Fiorucci, J. Keefner, J. Kras, J. Yin, F. Froborg, F. Neves, D. Khaitan, S. J. Haselschwardt, L. Oxborough, D.S. Hamilton, O. Hitchcock, J.P. da Cunha, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, I. Olcina, David Leonard, A. Bhatti, U. Utku, W. J. Wisniewski, S. Powell, M. Pangilinan, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Barthel, D. Naim, D. Hemer, M. Timalsina, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, S. Shaw, J. A. Morad, N. Swanson, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Nesbit, W.L. Waldron, J. E. Y. Dobson, J. Busenitz, C. R. Hall, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, O. Jahangir, B. G. Lenardo, D. Temples, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, A. Vaitkus, D. Garcia, S. Kravitz, T. G. Gonda, M. Elnimr, K. Pushkin, M. Horn, Kareem Kazkaz, H. Kraus, J. Li, C. H. Faham, T.M. Stiegler, A. Monte, C. D. Kocher, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Ghag, J. E. Armstrong, H. S. Lee, W. R. Edwards, K. J. Palladino, T. Benson, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Bunker, M. Solmaz, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, J. M. Lyle, C. E. Dahl, E. Morrison, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, H.J. Krebs, J. So, S. Branson, Peter Bauer, H. Auyeung, D. Seymour, Michele Cascella, A. A. Chiller, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. Liu, M. Khaleeq, N. Decheine, M. N. Irving, Yunpeng Liu, S. Uvarov, J. McLaughlin, A. R. Smith, S. Dardin, J. Thomson, K. Sundarnath, Robert A. Taylor, Ben Carlson, T. Harrington, C. T. McConnell, E. K. Pease, A. Greenall, T. J. Whitis, M. F. Marzioni, C. Silva, V. Kasey, D. Rynders, R. C. Webb, J. Palmer, P. Brás, V. N. Solovov, T.J. Martin, R. Conley, P. A. Terman, A. Tomás, B. Lopez Paredes, K. E. Boast, J. T. White, D. Markley, A. Konovalov, A. Lindote, A. Alquahtani, L. Reichhart, D.C. Malling, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, E. Leason, Juhyeong Lee, D. Curran, Henning Flaecher, S. Balashov, A.V. Khromov, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Migneault, A. V. Kumpan, Simon Fayer, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, R. Linehan, M. Arthurs, S. Stephenson, V. M. Palmaccio, N. I. Chott, M.R. Stark, Duncan Carlsmith, Wenzhao Wei, M. Utes, Laura Manenti, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Walcott, C. M. Ignarra, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, M. Racine, A. Fan, Bjoern Penning, J. Va’vra, A. Harrison, H. Oh, J. Makkinje, W. Ji, R. Rucinski, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, D. Santone, E. Voirin, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, X. Liu, R. Gelfand, T. Vietanen, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, A. Laundrie, Mikkel B. Johnson, K. Hanzel, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, M.J. Barry, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, A. C. Kaboth, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, J. Lin, C. Pereira, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, I. M. Fogarty Florang, J. Edwards, S. N. Jeffery, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, T. Fruth, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. R. Bensinger, J. J. Wang, D. Woodward, C. Hasselkus, K. Skarpaas, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, LEAD, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Low energy, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Underground, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detector, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron capture, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Liquid xenon, EMISSION, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019
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4. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author

A.V. Khromov, P. Sorensen, D. Woodward, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Arthurs, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, Yue Meng, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Horn, W. Skulski, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, E. H. Miller, D. White, C. Carels, K. Stifter, A. Manalaysay, L. Tvrznikova, M. S. Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Rossiter, Laura Manenti, J. Va’vra, A. St. J. Murphy, B. Holbrook, C. R. Hall, B. Gomber, R. Coughlen, C. Levy, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Adam Bernstein, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, T. J. R. Davison, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Hans, A. Currie, P.R. Scovell, P. Beltrame, E. Mizrachi, S. Fiorucci, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Gehman, Ben Carlson, T. J. Whitis, H. Kraus, R. W. Schnee, R. Bramante, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, I. J. Arnquist, J. Mock, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, D. J. Markley, J. Thomson, J. Yin, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. Pushkin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, C. Chiller, S. Alsum, S. Shaw, M. G. D. van der Grinten, E. K. Pease, B. Lopez Paredes, S. Luitz, P. Brás, K. E. Boast, C. Silva, Elena Korolkova, A. Khazov, Andreas Piepke, T.J. Martin, W. L. Waldron, D. Q. Huang, A. Lindote, J. Belle, R.M. Gerhard, W.W. Craddock, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. A. Terman, V. N. Solovov, D. Yu. Akimov, C. H. Faham, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, T.M. Stiegler, J. O'Dell, A. Cottle, B. Boxer, A. Konovalov, M. E. Monzani, W. C. Taylor, L. Reichhart, M.J. Barry, Juhyeong Lee, T. K. Edberg, C. Chan, I. Stancu, M. Timalsina, Wenzhao Wei, Michael Schubnell, D. Temples, D. J. Taylor, M. Solmaz, C. Ghag, R. M. Preece, S. Balashov, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, P. Majewski, M. Sarychev, R. Wang, J. Balajthy, K. Hanzel, H. S. Lee, Steven Worm, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Bailey, A. C. Kaboth, Matthew Szydagis, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, R. Bunker, W. H. Lippincott, Daniel McKinsey, T. Benson, A. V. Kumpan, Eric W. Hoppe, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, X. Bai, Minfang Yeh, B. N. Ratcliff, R. L. Mannino, T. Fruth, W. Ji, Seth Hillbrand, M. A. Olevitch, A. Richards, Jilei Xu, D. Khaitan, J. Lin, K. O’Sullivan, C. Nehrkorn, W. H. To, J. Reichenbacher, A. A. Chiller, J. A. Nikkel, W.T. Emmet, D. S. Akerib, R. Linehan, R. Watson, Mani Tripathi, David Leonard, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Kareem Kazkaz, Carl Vuosalo, T. P. Biesiadzinski, R. C. Webb, C. E. Dahl, T. J. Sumner, S. Kyre, F. Neves, R. Leonard, Wolfgang Lorenzon, H. J. Rose, S. Stephenson, Chao Zhang, W. J. Wisniewski, J.Y-K. Hor, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, Dongming Mei, F.-T. Liao, T. E. Tope, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Powell, D. R. Tiedt, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. M. Ignarra, C. T. McConnell, K. Skarpaas, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, Sergey Burdin, X. Liu, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Event (particle physics), Titanium, GERDA
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$, Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2017
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5. ATLAS End Cap Toroid Final Integration, Test and Installation

Author

R. Pengo, A. Olyunin, V. Stepanov, R. Ruber, Arnaud Foussat, D.E. Baynham, I. Shugaev, M. Arnaud, E. Holtom, F.S. Carr, L. Stewart, P. Benoit, J. Buskop, M. Losasso, Alexey Dudarev, H. Ten Kate, N. Kopeykin, and G. Vandoni

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, ATLAS experiment, Barrel (horology), Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electromagnetic coil, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS Experiment at LHC, CERN will utilize a large, superconducting, air-cored toroidal magnet system with a long Barrel Toroid and two End Cap Toroids. Each End Cap Toroid contains eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in a cryostat vessel of approximately 10 m diameter and 5 m length. The operating current is 20.5 kA at 0.25 GJ stored energy and a peak field of 4.1 T in the windings. This paper presents the status of the End Cap Toroid Project. Final integration of the two cold masses, 120 tons each, into their respective vacuum cryostats is described. The specialized techniques, procedures and tooling infrastructure required for these operations are explained. Pre-installation cooldown to 85 K is reported. Installation of the toroids in the ATLAS cavern 100 m underground will be described. The final interfacing to the Barrel Toroid and services in the cavern will be reviewed along with preparations for final test and commissioning.

Published
2008
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6. ATLAS End Cap Toroid Integration and Test

Author

P. Benoit, J. Buskop, R. Ruber, Alexey Dudarev, G. Vandoni, E. Holtom, D.E. Baynham, F.S. Carr, H.H.J. Kate, and R. Pengo

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, ATLAS experiment, Cryogenics, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physics::Plasma Physics, Atlas (anatomy), Magnet, medicine, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS Experiment at LHC, CERN will utilize a large, superconducting, air-cored toroidal magnet system with a long Barrel Toroid and two end cap toroids. Each end cap toroid will contain eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in a cryostat vessel of approximately 10 m diameter and 5 m width. The toroids provide the magnetic field for the muon detectors. The operating current is 20.5 kA at 0.25 GJ stored energy and a peak field of 4.1 T in the windings. This paper presents the status of the End Cap Toroid Project. Cold mass assembly and the integration of the full cold mass, 120 tons, into the vacuum cryostat for the first toroid are described. The specialized techniques, procedures and tooling infrastructure required for these operations are explained. The pre-installation cooldown to 77 K at the ATLAS cryogenic test facility is reported and the toroid installation in the ATLAS Experiment 100 m underground in the ATLAS cavern will be reviewed.

Published
2007
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7. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author

V. B. Francis, A. Bernstein, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, Eli Woods, B. N. Ratcliff, Ethan Bernard, R. W. Schnee, N.A. Larsen, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Elena Korolkova, M. Sarychev, James Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Luitz, Peter Majewski, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, D. White, B. N. Edwards, W. H. Lippincott, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, X. Ji, M. E. Monzani, B. Holbrook, K. O'Sullivan, Laura Manenti, J. Liu, P.R. Scovell, D.C. Malling, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W.L. Waldron, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, C. R. Hall, Mikkel B. Johnson, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Lin, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, K. J. Palladino, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. Kraus, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, R. Bunker, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, J. Thomson, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, T. J. Sumner, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, I. Stancu, S. Stephenson, M. Pangilinan, T. J. Whitis, R. Bramante, K. E. Boast, T.J. Martin, L. Tvrznikova, A. Lindote, Patrick Bauer, J. O'Dell, L. Wang, D. Woodward, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H.J. Krebs, M. Elnimr, D. R. Tiedt, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Hoff, S. Kyre, F. Neves, L. Reichhart, C. Fu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, C. Rhyne, W. J. Wisniewski, M.J. Barry, C. M. Ignarra, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Balashov, Michael Schubnell, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, B. P. Tennyson, M. F. Marzioni, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, S. D. Worm, V. M. Gehman, Y. Ju, A. J. Bailey, Daniel McKinsey, B. G. Lenardo, P. Beltrame, H. J. Rose, Minfang Yeh, Sergey Burdin, R.M. Gerhard, X. Liu, K. Skarpaas, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. St. J. Murphy, T.M. Stiegler, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, J. Yin, A. Tomás, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, S. Powell, M. Cascella, T. J. R. Davison, Chao Zhang, A.A. Chiller, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, R. M. Preece, N.J. Gantos, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Uvarov, S.K. Young, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, Ben Carlson, J. Va’vra, J. E. Cutter, A.V. Khromov, C. Carels, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, R.G. Jacobsen, A. Harris, Wenzhao Wei, D. J. Taylor, D.Yu. Akimov, Dongming Mei, Duncan Carlsmith, Witherell, E. Holtom, W. Ji, C. H. Faham, S. Alsum, F.-T. Liao, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, C. O. Vuosalo, Bhawna Gomber, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, W. T. Emmet, Sridhara Dasu, S. Fiorucci, J.P. da Cunha, P. A. Terman, X. Bai, D. Markley, J. Mock, A. V. Kumpan, M.R. Stark, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, E. H. Miller, S. Shaw, A. Piepke, K. Sundarnath, A. Konovalov, T. K. Edberg, K. Pushkin, P. Ford, J. H. Buckley, and J.R. Verbus

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Expected cost, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Technical systems, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Conceptual design, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given.

Published
2015
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8. ATLAS End Cap Toroid Cold Mass and Cryostat Integration

Author

D.E. Baynham, E.F. Towndrow, Alexey Dudarev, H.H.Jt. Kate, E. Holtom, F.S. Carr, and J. Buskop

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Toroid, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, ATLAS experiment, Barrel (horology), Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Engineering, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physics::Plasma Physics, Atlas (anatomy), Magnet, medicine, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The ATLAS experiment at LHC (CERN) will utilize a large, superconducting, air-cored toroid magnet system with a long Barrel Toroid and two End Cap Toroids. Each End Cap Toroid will contain eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in a cryostat vessel of approximately 10 m diameter. This paper presents the design principles and realization of the cold mass assembly. The procedures for integration of the full cold mass, 120 tonnes, into the vacuum cryostat are described. The overall status of toroid magnet integration and planning for test and installation is reviewed

Published
2006
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9. ATLAS End Cap Toroid Magnets Cryostat Design, Manufacture and Integration at CERN

Author

C.J. Densham, J. Butterworth, F.S. Carr, E. Holtom, D.E. Baynham, J.H. Rochford, M. Doets, H.J. Geerinck, G. Luijckx, Y. Lefevere, and E.F. Towndrow

Subjects
Physics, Superinsulation, Cryostat, Toroid, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Barrel (horology), Mechanical engineering, Shields, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The ATLAS experiment at LHC, CERN will utilize a large, superconducting, air-cored toroid magnet system, with a long barrel and two end cap toroids. Each end cap toroid will contain eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in a cryostat vessel of approximately 10 m diameter. This paper presents the engineering design of the cryostat: vacuum vessel, thermal radiation shields and superinsulation. The manufacture of the major components is described with reference to the key factors for operation. The delivery to CERN and integration of the main components to form the cryostat assembly is described.

Published
2004
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10. ATLAS End Cap Toroid Magnets Cold Mass Design and Manufacturing Status

Author

E.F. Towndrow, C.J. Densham, J. Geerinck, E. Holtom, D.E. Baynham, F.S. Carr, J. Butterworth, D. Morrow, and G. Luijckx

Subjects
Cryostat, Toroid, Materials science, Large Hadron Collider, Fabrication, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Mechanical engineering, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The end cap toroid magnets for the ATLAS experiment at LHC, CERN will contain eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in a cryostat vessel of approximately 10 m diameter. This paper presents the engineering design of the cold mass and gives the status of the industrial production. The cold mass mechanical structure consisting of 8 coils and keystone boxes is described. Coil fabrication from component assembly, coil winding to final impregnation will be reviewed. The design and industrial manufacture of the keystone box elements is given. The cold mass assembly methods and status are described.

Published
2004
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11. Engineering status of the superconducting end cap toroid magnets for the ATLAS experiment at LHC

Author

C.J. Densham, F.S. Carr, G.P. Warner, J.H. Rochford, E. Holtom, D. Cragg, E.F. Towndrow, M.J.D. Courthold, D. Evans, J. Butterworth, D.E. Baynham, and D. Sole

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Toroid, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Mechanical engineering, Particle accelerator, Superconducting magnet, Cryogenics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Magnet, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS experiment at LHC, CERN will utilise a large, superconducting, air-cored toroid magnet system for precision muon measurements. The magnet system will consist of a long barrel and two end-cap toroids. Each end-cap toroid will contain eight racetrack coils mounted as a single cold mass in cryostat vessel of /spl sim/10 m diameter. The project has now moved from the design/specification stage into the fabrication phase. This paper presents the engineering status of the cold masses and vacuum vessels that are under fabrication in industry. Final designs of cold mass supports, cryogenic systems and control/protection systems are presented. Planning for toroid integration, test and installation is described.

Published
2000
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12. Engineering design optimisation of the superconducting end cap toroid magnets for the ATLAS experiment at LHC

Author

C.J. Densham, E. Holtom, M.J.D. Courthold, D. Evans, S. J. Robertson, D. Cragg, D. Sole, E.F. Towndrow, J. Butterworth, F.S. Carr, and D.E. Baynham

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Mechanical engineering, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Span (engineering), Particle detector, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, Magnet, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering design process
Abstract

Precision muon momentum measurements at the highest LHC luminosity is a prime objective for the ATLAS experiment. To realise this objective the muon detector is based on a large, superconducting, air-cored toroid magnet system consisting of a long barrel and two end cap toroids. The end-cap toroids are required to produce strong bending powers, 4-8 Tm, over a radial span from 1.5-5 m. This paper presents the final engineering design which includes a number of design optimisation features. The optimisation of the cold mass structure to reduce internal stresses, the developments in resin technology to give greater safety margins in operation and novel techniques for cold mass support systems are described. Final design proposals for quench protection and control are presented with manufacture, assembly and installation plans.

Published
1999
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13. Design of the superconducting end cap toroids for the ATLAS experiment at LHC

Author

D.E. Baynham, N.H. Cunliffe, C.R. Walters, D. Cragg, E. Holtom, R.C. Coombs, F.S. Carr, R.J.G. Greenhalgh, P.L. Sampson, and R.Q. Aspey

Subjects
Physics, Toroid, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Mechanical engineering, Particle accelerator, Superconducting magnet, Cryogenics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atlas (anatomy), Magnet, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS experiment proposed for LHC will use a toroidal magnet system to achieve high efficiency muon momentum resolution. The end cap toroids are designed to provide bending powers in the range 4-8 Tm over the rapidity span 1.5-2.8 in the important forward/backward regions. Each end cap toroid will have an outer diameter of approximately 11 m and an axial length of 5.6 m. This paper presents the magnetic, mechanical and cryogenic design of the end cap toroid magnet systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the interactive design issues imposed by the close proximity of the ATLAS barrel toroid. Proposals for the magnet fabrication and assembly are given.

Published
1996
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14. Superconducting toroid design for the ATLAS experiment at LHC

Author

D.E. Baynham, E. Holtom, R.C. Coombs, and C.R. Walters

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Electromagnet, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Particle accelerator, Superconducting magnet, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Magnet, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS Experiment proposed for LHC will use toroidal magnet systems to achieve high muon momentum resolution. The proposal is based on an air-cored superconducting toroid magnet system consisting of a long barrel toroid with a pair of end cap toroids to provide high resolution at large rapidity. Each end cap toroid will have an outer diameter of approximately 11 m and an axial length of 5 m and will provide field integrals in the range 4-8 Tm over the rapidity span /spl eta/=1.5-2.8. This paper presents the magnetic, mechanical and cryogenic design of the end cap toroid magnet systems. >

Published
1994
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15. Commissioning Test of ATLAS End-Cap Toroidal Magnets

Author

M. Jeckel, D.E. Baynham, O. Pirotte, J. Metselaar, A. Olyunin, J. Buskop, F.S. Carr, E. Holtom, Arnaud Foussat, K. Barth, J. Bremer, N. Delruelle, G. Olesen, S. Ravat, V. Stepanov, E. Sbrissa, L. Deront, H. Ten Kate, Alexey Dudarev, N. Kopeykin, R. Pengo, P. Benoit, and Xavier Pons

Subjects
Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, ATLAS experiment, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, Physics::Plasma Physics, Magnet, Water cooling, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Cooling down
Abstract

The system of superconducting toroids in the ATLAS experiment at CERN consists of three magnets. The Barrel Toroid was assembled and successfully tested in 2006. Next, two End-Cap Toroids have been tested on surface at 77 K and installed in the cavern, 100-m underground. The End Cap Toroids are based on Al stabilized Nb-Ti/Cu Rutherford cables, arranged in double pancake coils and conduction cooled at 4.6 K. The nominal current is 20.5 kA at 4.1 T peak field in the windings and the stored energy is 250 MJ per toroid. Prior to final testing of the entire ATLAS Toroidal system, each End Cap Toroid passed a commissioning test up to 21 kA to guarantee a reliable performance in the final assembly. In this paper the test results are described. It includes the stages of test preparation, isolation vacuum pumping and leak testing, cooling down, step-by-step charging to full current, training quenches and quench recovery. By fast discharges the quench detection and protection system was checked to demonstrate a safe energy distribution within the magnet after a quench or a triggered fast dump.

Published
2009

16. Chronic, but not acute, dosing of antipsychotic drugs alters neurotensin binding in rat brain regions

Author

P E, Holtom, P L, Needham, G W, Bennett, and S, Aspley

Subjects
Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Papers, Animals, Brain, Receptors, Neurotensin, RNA, Messenger, Neurotensin, Antipsychotic Agents, Rats, Receptors, Dopamine
Abstract

The present study compared high affinity neurotensin (NT) binding in rat brain following acute or chronic treatment with the classical antipsychotic, haloperidol, and the newer antipsychotic drugs, clozapine and zotepine. Drugs were given orally, as an acute treatment (1 dose) or chronically (21 day dosing) and binding to the NT high affinity receptor was examined in three brain regions; striatum, nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle and frontal cortex. Acute dosing with either vehicle, haloperidol, clozapine or zotepine produced no significant changes in NT binding from controls (naïve rats). Chronic (21 day) dosing resulted in an increase in the K:(D:) and B(max) of high affinity receptors in the striatum following haloperidol, but not clozapine, zotepine or vehicles. In contrast, the newer antipsychotics, clozapine and zotepine but not haloperidol or vehicles, significantly altered NT binding in the nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle by decreasing the K:(D:) and B(max). Further differentiation between the two newer antipsychotic drugs occurred in the frontal cortex. Clozapine had no significant effect on NT binding, whereas zotepine significantly reduced the K:(D:) of the high affinity receptor with no alteration in B(max). The antipsychotic drugs tested did not interact directly with the NT high affinity receptor. Therefore, they must be acting indirectly via an alternative receptor mechanism to alter NT high affinity binding. In accordance with previously reported NT/dopamine receptor interactions, this would suggest cross-talk between these systems. Overall, these data demonstrate that chronic, but not acute, administration of antipsychotic drugs alters NT binding in the rat brain. In addition, anatomical differences in NT binding arise according to the antipsychotic drug under test. This may be predictive of drug side-effect profile, antipsychotic efficacy or atypicality.

Published
2000

17. A highly sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay for the measurement of neurotensin

Author

P.L. Needham, Geoffrey W. Bennett, Sharon H Moss, Pamela E Holtom, Chanchira Wasuntarawat, and S. Aspley

Subjects
Brain Chemistry, Chromatography, Sheep, biology, General Neuroscience, Metabolite, Radioimmunoassay, Neuropeptide, Endogeny, Biological activity, Peptide Fragments, Highly sensitive, Protein Structure, Tertiary, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, biology.protein, Animals, Female, Antibody, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Neurotensin
Abstract

A highly selective and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of endogenous neurotensin (NT) has been developed. We have raised a C-terminally-directed antibody (CAb) that specifically binds 'biologically active' NT (NT and NT(8-13)) and that does not significantly cross-react with inactive NT metabolites or other bioactive peptides in the CNS. By reducing the volume of the assay to a low volume-RIA (30 microl), such that in vivo measurements can be made, we have increased the sensitivity (0.3 fmol per tube), with inter- and intra-assay variations of 11.2 and 5.8%, respectively. Comparisons with similar methods of detecting NT have demonstrated that this RIA has a higher sensitivity than previously used RIA's and ELISA's. The data presented suggests that this sensitive RIA is a reliable method ideal for the detection of small quantities of biologically active NT.

Published
2000

18. Neurochemical and behavioural interactions between ibogaine and nicotine in the rat

Author

Robert J. Moran, David J.K. Balfour, Maureen E.M. Benwell, and Pamela E. Holtom

Subjects
Male, Nicotine, Serotonin, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, Dopamine, Striatum, Nucleus accumbens, Pharmacology, Motor Activity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neurochemical, medicine, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Ibogaine, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Rats, chemistry, nervous system, Catecholamine, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract

1. In vivo brain microdialysis has been employed to investigate the effects of ibogaine on nicotine-induced changes in dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of freely moving rats. The effects of the compound on locomotor responses to nicotine and behaviour in the elevated plus-maze were also examined. 2. No changes were observed in the dopamine overflow or the locomotor activity of the animals following the administration of ibogaine (40 mg kg-1, i.p.). However, ibogaine, administered 22 h earlier, significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated the increase in dopamine overflow but not the hyperlocomotion, evoked by nicotine. 3. In the elevated plus-maze test, significant reductions in the open:total runway entries in both saline-treated controls (P < 0.05) and nicotine-treated (P < 0.01) rats were obtained when the animals were tested 22 h after pretreatment with ibogaine (40 mg kg-1, i.p.). The total activity was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in the nicotine-treated rats but this response was not affected by ibogaine pretreatment. 4. Administration of ibogaine was associated with reductions in the tissue levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the NAc (P < 0.01) and striatum (P < 0.05) and an increase in the level of this metabolite in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (P < 0.01) while the levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the mPFC were reduced (P < 0.05). The DOPAC/dopamine (P < 0.05) and 5-HIAA/5-HT (P < 0.01) ratios were significantly increased in the mPFC for at least 7 days after a single treatment with ibogaine. 5. Ibogaine attenuates the nicotine-induced increases in dopamine overflow in the NAc and may, therefore, inhibit the rewarding effects of this drug. However, the long lasting anxiogenesis induced by ibogaine warrant further investigation before its use could be recommended for smokers.

Published
1996

19. ALEPH: a Detector for Electron-Positron Annihilations at LEP

Author

D. Decamp, B. Deschizeaux, J.-P. Lees, M.-N. Minard, J.M. Crespo, M. Delfino, E. Fernandez, M. Martinez, R. Miquel, L.I.M. Mir, S. Orteu, A. Pacheco, J.A. Perlas, E. Tubau, M.G. Catanesi, M. de Palma, A. Farilla, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, A. Mastrogiacomo, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, A. Ranieri, G. Raso, F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, P. Tempesta, G. Zito, Y. Chen, H. Hu, D. Huang, Y. Jiang, J. Lin, R. Liu, W. Lu, T. Ruan, T. Wang, X. Wang, D. Wu, W. Wu, Y. Xie, D. Xu, R. Xu, Y. Xu, W. Yan, M. Ye, J. Zhang, H. Zhao, W. Zhao, H. Albrecht, A. Ball, F. Bird, E. Blucher, T. Charity, H. Drevermann, F. Dydak, M. Ferro-Luzzi, Ll. Garrido, C. Grab, R. Grub, R. Hagelberg, S. Haywood, B. Ivesdal, B. Jost, M. Kasemann, G. Kellner, J. Knobloch, A. Lacourt, P. Lazeyras, I. Lehraus, B. Lofstedt, T. Lohse, D. Lüke, A. Marchioro, P. Mato, J.M. Maugain, J. May, V. Mertens, A. Minten, A. Miotto, P. Palazzi, M. Pepe-Altarelli, R. Pintus, L. Pregernig, M. Price, F. Ranjard, J. Richstein, W. Richter, J. Rothberg, H. Rotscheidt, W. Von Rüden, R. St. Denis, P. Schilly, D. Schllater, G. Stefanini, M. Takashima, M. Talby, J.C. Tarle, H. Taureg, W. Tejessy, H. Verweij, H. Wachsmuth, H. Wahl, S. Wheeler, W. Witzeling, J. Wotschack, Z. Ajaltouni, M. Bardadin-Otwinowska, M. Brossard, R. Chadelas, F. Daudon, A. Falvard, P. Gay, P. Henrard, J. Jousset, B. Michel, J.-C. Montret, D. Pallin, P. Perret, J. Prat, J. Proriol, F. Prulhière, H. Bertelsen, F. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, P.H. Hansen, A. Lindahl, B. Madsen, R. Møllerud, B.S. Nilsson, G. Petersen, E. Simopoulou, A. Vayaki, J. Badier, D. Bernard, M. Bercher, U. Berthon, A. Blondel, G. Bonneaud, J. Bourotte, F. Braems, J.C. Brient, A. Busata, M.A. Ciocci, Ph. Delcroz, G. Fouque, R. Guirlet, C. Lemoine, P. Matricon, M. Maubras, R. Morano, P. Miné, J.Y. Parey, P. Poilleux, A. Rougé, C. Roy, M. Rumpf, H. Videau, I. Videau, C. Violet, D. Zwierski, D.J. Candlin, A.J. Main, A. Conti, G. Parrini, E. Scarlini, W. Burley, M. Corden, C. Georgiopoulos, J.H. Goldman, M. Ikeda, J. Lannutti, D. Levinthal, M. Mermikides, L. Sawyer, A. Antonelli, R. Baldini, G. Bencivenni, G. Bologna, F. Bossi, P. Campana, G. Capon, V. Chiarella, G. Corradi, G. De Ninno, B. D'ettorre-Piazzoli, B. Dulach, G. Felici, P. Laurelli, G. Mannocchi, F. Murtas, G.P. Murtas, G. Nicoletti, M. Pallotta, P. Picchi, P. Zografou, B. Altoon, O. Boyle, A.J. Flavell, A.W. Halley, I. Ten Have, J.L. Hearns, I.S. Hughes, J.G. Lynch, D.J. Martin, R. O'neill, C. Raine, J.M. Scarr, K. Smith, A.S. Thompson, J. Wells, B. Brandl, O. Braun, R. Geiges, C. Geweniger, P. Hanke, V. Hepp, W. Heyde, E.E. Kluge, J. Krause, Y. Maumary, M. Panter, A. Putzer, B. Rensch, K. Schmitt, A. Stahl, K. Tittel, M. Wunsch, G.J. Barber, A.T. Belk, R. Beuselinck, D.M. Binnie, W. Cameron, M. Cattaneo, P.J. Dornan, S. Dugeay, R.W. Forty, D.N. Gentry, P. Heinson, M. MacDermott, D.G. Miller, D.R. Price, J.K. Sedgbeer, G. Taylor, A.P. White, P. Girtler, D. Kuhn, G. Rudolph, C.K. Bowdery, T.J. Brodbeck, A.J. Finch, F. Foster, G. Hughes, N.R. Keemer, M. Nuttall, B.S. Rowlingson, T. Sloan, S.W. Snow, T. Barczewski, L.A.T. Bauerdick, K. Kleinknecht, D. Pollmann, B. Renk, S. Roehn, M. Schmelling, K. Schmitz, F. Steeg, J-P. Albanese, J-J. Aubert, G. Barrand, R. Bazzoli, C. Benchouk, A. Bonissent, A. Ealet-Grousset, F. Etienne, Y. Gally, E. Kajfasz, R. Nacasch, P. Payre, B. Pietrzyk, J. Raguet, Z. Qian, H. Becker, W. Blum, T. Boulos, P. Cattaneo, M. Comin, G. Cowan, B. Dehning, H. Dietl, M. Fernandez-Bosman, D. Hauff, A. Jahn, E. Lange, G. Lütjens, G. Lutz, W. Männer, H-G. Moser, Y. Pan, R. Richter, A.S. Schwarz, R. Settles, U. Stiegler, U. Stierlin, G. Stimpfl, J. Thomas, G. Waltermann, G. Aioun, J.N. Albert, Ch. Arnault, G. De Bouard, J. Boucrot, O. Callot, R. Chase, A. Cordier, M. Davier, M. Dialinas, A. Ducorps, D. Fournier, G. Ganis, J.-F. Grivaz, Ph. Heusse, P. Janot, P. Jean, V. Journé, D.W. Kim, J. Lefrançois, D. Lloyd-Owen, A.M. Lutz, P. Marotte, J.J. Veillet, F. Zomer, S.R. Amendolia, G. Bagliesi, G. Batignani, A. Bechini, F. Bosi, L. Bosisio, U. Bottigli, C. Bradaschia, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. Foa, E. Focardi, F. Forti, S. Galeotti, A. Giassi, M.A. Giorgi, F. Ligabue, A. Lusiani, E.B. Mannelli, P.S. Marrocchesi, A. Messineo, F. Palla, D. Passuello, G. Sanguinetti, S. Scapellato, J. Steinberger, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, G. Triggiani, J.M. Carter, B.J. Green, M.G. Green, A.K. McKemey, P.V. March, T. Medcalf, M.R. Saich, N.M. Stewart, J.A. Strong, R.M. Thomas, T. Wildish, E.H. Bellamy, J. Bizzel, D.R. Botterill, R.W. Clifft, I.F. Corbett, T.R. Edgecock, M. Edwards, J.S.M. Fisher, J. Harvey, D.L. Hill, E. Holtom, T.J. Jones, S. Madani Bozorg, G. McPherson, D.R. Moore, M. Morrissey, A. Nichols, P.R. Norton, D.P. Salmon, G.J. Tappern, J.C. Thompson, A. Tucker, R. Bernard, B. Bloch-Devaux, H. Desportes, J. Heitzmann, M. Jacquemet, A. Joudon, E. Locci, J.C. Lottin, S. Loucatos, P. Micolon, J. Pascual, B. Pignard, J. Rander, J.-F. Renardy, A. Roussarie, J.-P. Schuller, R. Turlay, J.G. Ashman, C.N. Booth, C. Buttar, R. Carney, S.L. Cartwright, F. Combley, M. Dinsdale, M. Dogru, F. Hatfield, J. Martin, D. Parker, P. Reeves, L.F. Thompson, S. Brandt, H. Burkhardt, G. Gillessen, C. Grupen, H. Meinhard, E. Neugebauer, M. Olpp, W.U. Otto, M. Roschangar, U. Schäfer, R. Seibert, H. Seywerd, K. Stupperich, L. Wurmbach, B. Gobbo, F. Liello, A. Mansutti, E. Milotti, F. Ragusa, L. Rolandi, L. Bellantoni, J.F. Boudreau, A. Caldwell, D. Cinabro, M. Convery, J.S. Conway, D.F. Cowen, Z. Feng, J.L. Harton, J. Hilgart, J. Izen, R.C. Jared, R.P. Johnson, B.W. LeClaire, T.C. Meyer, D. Muller, Y.B. Pan, T. Parker, J.R. Pater, S. Ritz, Y. Saadi, V. Sharma, D. Strom, J.A. Wear, F.V. Weber, E. Wicklund, Sau Lan Wu, S.T. Xue, G. Zobernig, Decamp, D, Deschizeaux, B, Lees, Jp, Minard, Mn, Crespo, Jm, Delfino, M, Fernandez, E, Martinez, M, Miquel, R, Mir, Lm, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Perlas, Ja, Tubau, E, Catanesi, Mg, Depalma, M, Farilla, A, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Mastrogiacomo, A, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Chen, Y, Hu, H, Huang, D, Jiang, Y, Lin, J, Liu, R, Lu, W, Ruan, T, Wang, T, Wang, X, Wu, D, Wu, W, Xie, Y, Xu, D, Xu, R, Xu, Y, Yan, W, Ye, M, Zhang, J, Zhao, H, Zhao, W, Albrecht, H, Ball, A, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Charity, T, Drevermann, H, Dydak, F, Ferroluzzi, M, Garrido, L, Grab, C, Grub, R, Hagelberg, R, Haywood, S, Ivesdal, B, Jost, B, Kasemann, M, Kellner, G, Knobloch, J, Lacourt, A, Lazeyras, P, Lehraus, I, Lofstedt, B, Lohse, T, Luke, D, Marchioro, A, Mato, P, Maugain, Jm, May, J, Mertens, V, Minten, A, Miotto, A, Palazzi, P, Pepealtarelli, M, Pintus, R, Pregernig, L, Price, M, Ranjard, F, Richstein, J, Richter, W, Rothberg, J, Rotscheidt, H, Vonruden, W, Stdenis, R, Schilly, P, Schlatter, D, Stefanini, G, Takashima, M, Talby, M, Tarle, Jc, Taureg, H, Tejessy, W, Verweij, H, Wachsmuth, H, Wahl, H, Wheeler, S, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Ajaltouni, Z, Bardadinotwinowska, M, Brossard, M, Chadelas, R, Daudon, F, Falvard, A, Gay, P, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Montret, Jc, Pallin, D, Perret, P, Prat, J, Proriol, J, Prulhiere, F, Bertelsen, H, Hansen, F, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Hansen, Ph, Lindahl, A, Madsen, B, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Petersen, G, Simopoulou, E, Vayaki, A, Badier, J, Bernard, D, Bercher, M, Berthon, U, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Bourotte, J, Braems, F, Brient, Jc, Busata, A, Ciocci, Ma, Delcroz, P, Fouque, G, Guirlet, R, Lemoine, C, Matricon, P, Maubras, M, Morano, R, Mine, P, Parey, Jy, Poilleux, P, Rouge, A, Roy, C, Rumpf, M, Videau, H, Videau, I, Violet, C, Zwierski, D, Candlin, Dj, Main, Aj, Conti, A, Parrini, G, Scarlini, E, Burley, W, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Goldman, Jh, Ikeda, M, Lannutti, J, Levinthal, D, Mermikides, M, Sawyer, L, Antonelli, A, Baldini, R, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Corradi, G, Deninno, G, Dettorrepiazzoli, B, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, F, Murtas, Gp, Nicoletti, G, Pallotta, M, Picchi, P, Zografou, P, Altoon, B, Boyle, O, Flavell, Aj, Halley, Aw, Tenhave, I, Hearns, Jl, Hughes, I, Lynch, Jg, Martin, Dj, Oneill, R, Raine, C, Scarr, Jm, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Wells, J, Brandl, B, Braun, O, Geiges, R, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hepp, V, Heyde, W, Kluge, Ee, Krause, J, Maumary, Y, Panter, M, Putzer, A, Rensch, B, Schmitt, K, Stahl, A, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Barber, Gj, Belk, At, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, Dm, Cameron, W, Cattaneo, M, Dornan, Pj, Dugeay, S, Forty, Rw, Gentry, Dn, Heinson, Ap, Macdermott, M, Miller, Dg, Price, Dr, Sedgbeer, Jk, Taylor, G, White, Ap, Girtler, P, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bowdery, Ck, Brodbeck, Tj, Finch, Aj, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Keemer, Nr, Nuttall, M, Rowlingson, B, Sloan, T, Snow, Sw, Barczewski, T, Bauerdick, Lat, Kleinknecht, K, Pollmann, D, Renk, B, Roehn, S, Schmelling, M, Schmitz, K, Steeg, F, Albanese, Jp, Aubert, Jj, Barrand, G, Bazzoli, R, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Ealetgrousset, A, Etienne, F, Gally, Y, Kajfasz, E, Nacasch, R, Payre, P, Pietrzyk, B, Raguet, J, Qian, Z, Becker, H, Blum, W, Boulos, T, Cattaneo, P, Comin, M, Cowan, G, Dehning, B, Dietl, H, Fernandezbosman, M, Hauff, D, Jahn, A, Lange, E, Lutjens, G, Lutz, G, Manner, W, Moser, Hg, Pan, Y, Richter, R, Schwarz, A, Settles, R, Stiegler, U, Stierlin, U, Stimpfl, G, Thomas, J, Waltermann, G, Aioun, G, Albert, Jn, Arnault, C, Debouard, G, Boucrot, J, Callot, O, Chase, R, Cordier, A, Davier, M, Dialinas, M, Ducorps, A, Fournier, D, Ganis, G, Grivaz, Jf, Heusse, P, Janot, P, Jean, P, Journe, V, Kim, Dw, Lefrancois, J, Lloydowen, D, Lutz, Am, Marotte, P, Veillet, Jj, Zomer, F, Amendolia, Sr, Bagliesi, G, Batignani, G, Bechini, A, Bosi, F, Bosisio, L, Bottigli, U, Bradaschia, C, Ferrante, I, Fidecaro, F, Foa, L, Focardi, E, Forti, F, Galeotti, S, Giassi, A, Giorgi, Ma, Ligabue, Franco, Lusiani, Alberto, Mannelli, Eb, Marrocchesi, P, Messineo, A, Palla, F, Passuello, D, Sanguinetti, G, Scapellato, S, Steinberger, J, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Triggiani, G, Carter, Jm, Green, Bj, Green, Mg, Mckemey, Ak, March, Pv, Medcalf, T, Saich, Mr, Stewart, Nm, Strong, Ja, Thomas, Rm, Wildish, T, Bellamy, Eh, Bizzell, J, Botterill, Dr, Clifft, Rw, Corbett, If, Edgecock, Tr, Edwards, M, Fisher, Sm, Harvey, J, Hill, Dl, Holtom, E, Jones, Tj, Bozorg, Sm, Mcpherson, G, Moore, Dr, Morrissey, M, Nichols, A, Norton, Pr, Salmon, Dp, Tappern, Gj, Thompson, Jc, Tucker, A, Bernard, R, Blochdevaux, B, Desportes, H, Heitzmann, J, Jacquemet, M, Joudon, A, Locci, E, Lottin, Jc, Loucatos, S, Micolon, P, Pascual, J, Pignard, B, Rander, J, Renardy, Jf, Roussarie, A, Schuller, Jp, Turlay, R, Ashman, Jg, Booth, Cn, Buttar, C, Carney, R, Cartwright, Sl, Combley, F, Dinsdale, M, Dogru, M, Hatfield, F, Martin, J, Parker, D, Reeves, P, Thompson, Lf, Brandt, S, Burkhardt, H, Gillessen, G, Grupen, C, Meinhard, H, Neugebauer, E, Olpp, M, Otto, Wu, Roschangar, M, Schafer, U, Seibert, R, Seywerd, H, Stupperich, K, Wurmbach, L, Gobbo, B, Liello, F, Mansutti, A, Milotti, E, Ragusa, F, Rolandi, Luigi, Bellantoni, L, Boudreau, Jf, Caldwell, A, Cinabro, D, Convery, M, Conway, J, Cowen, Df, Feng, Z, Harton, Jl, Hilgart, J, Izen, J, Jared, Rc, Johnson, Rp, Leclaire, Bw, Meyer, Tc, Muller, D, Pan, Yb, Parker, T, Pater, Jr, Ritz, S, Saadi, Y, Sharma, V, Strom, D, Wear, Ja, Weber, Fv, Wicklund, E, Wu, Sl, Xue, St, Zobernig, G., Milotti, Edoardo, and Aleph, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Flexibility (engineering), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Aleph, high-energy physics, Process modeling, Process (engineering), business.industry, Software development, LEP, Automation, particle detectors, Data acquisition, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Software engineering, business, Enforcement, Instrumentation, particle detector
Abstract

Process-centred Software Engineering Environments (PSEE) are the most recent generation of environments supporting software development activities. Most of PSEE are based on mechanisms promoting enforcement and automation of process activities. In this kind of mechanisms the process models are prescribed in a detailed and complete way. But the experience shows that supporting processes is more concerned with the flexibility of guidance offered during the process performance than with enforcement of a collection of predefined process models. In this paper, we present a solution to support strategic processes in a PSEE by providing a flexible guidance during process enactment.

Published
1990

21. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment.

Author

Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JY, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, and Zweig EA

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9  GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36  GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48}  cm at the 90% confidence level.

Published
2023
Full Text
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22. Microparticle formation after co-culture of human whole blood and umbilical artery in a novel in vitro model of flow.

Author

Holtom E, Usherwood JR, Macey MG, and Lawson C

Subjects
Adult, Coculture Techniques, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Endothelium cytology, Erythrocytes cytology, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Leukocytes cytology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Cell-Derived Microparticles metabolism, Endothelium metabolism, Erythrocytes metabolism, Leukocytes metabolism, Umbilical Arteries metabolism
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the largest killer in western society, and the importance of interactions between vascular endothelium and circulating blood components in disease pathogenesis is well established. Microparticles are a heterogeneous population of <1 μm blood borne particles that arise from blebbing or shedding of cell membranes. The microparticle population includes several classes of apoptotic bodies; however, increased numbers of procoagulant microparticles have been described in plasma from people with CVD. We have previously demonstrated that interactions of monocytes and platelets with isolated inflamed endothelial cells lead to production of pro-coagulant tissue factor bearing microparticles under laminar flow conditions. Here we have investigated microparticle production after perfusion of human whole blood through intact inflamed human umbilical artery. When blood was perfused through umbilical arteries which had been pre-stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) for 18 h under flow conditions, there was significantly increased production of microparticles from both platelet and non-platelet sources, in particular from erythrocytes. To determine whether microparticles generated during interactions with inflamed endothelium could induce a pro-inflammatory response in trans, we isolated microparticles by centrifugation after co-culture and incubated with isolated quiescent endothelial cells followed by measurement of reactive oxygen species formation. Microparticles derived from co-culture with inflamed endothelium induced significantly enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data suggest that presence of an inflamed endothelium causes release of pro-inflammatory microparticles from circulating blood cells, which could contribute to prolonged endothelial activation and subsequent atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels subjected to inflammatory insult., (Copyright © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.)

Published
2012
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