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The vector of lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting Bovidae, is currently unknown. To evaluate the possible vector of LSD virus (LSDV) under field conditions, a yearlong trapping of dipterans was conducted in dairy farms that had been affected by LSD, 1-2 years previously. This was done in order to calculate monthly relative abundances of each dipteran in each farm throughout the year. The relative abundances of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in the months parallel to the outbreaks (December and April) were significantly higher than those of other dipterans. A stable fly population model based on weather parameters for the affected area was used to validate these findings. Its results were significantly correlated with S. calcitrans abundance. This model, based on weather parameters during the epidemic years showed that S. calcitrans populations peaked in the months of LSD onset in the studied farms. These observations and model predictions revealed a lower abundance of stable flies during October and November, when LSD affected adjacent grazing beef herds. These findings therefore suggest that S. calcitrans is a potential vector of LSD in dairy farms and that another vector is probably involved in LSDV transmission in grazing herds. These findings should be followed up with vector competence studies.

The majority of the magnesium used in industrial applications is in the form of cast alloys, due to its low ductility. AZ31 is one of the most formable Mg alloys, exhibiting tensile elongation of 0.14. In the present work, expansion of rings was performed at a high strain rate and observed to enhance the elongation of the material. The strain before failure was 0.18 and the strain at failure increased up to 0.34. Increasing the strain rate increased the strain to failure. The enhanced strain ensued from intense deformation along the whole ring and from multiple necking. Immediately after expansion the material contained a high density of twins. The local twin density determined the rates of nucleation and growth of new grains. The recrystallized grain size depends on the strain rate and the proximity to a neck or a fracture. It was shown that the recrystallization occur after the deformation ended.

This study explores aging-in-place (AIP) among elderly Asian immigrants’ living in government-supported senior housing (GSSH). Given increasing numbers of non-English-speaking elderly immigrants in the US, interpretations of AIP represent an important area of study. Observations of 42 Chinese and 17 Korean participants and in-depth interviews (4 staff and 5 older adults) were conducted in GSSH in Ohio. This study provides a rich description of how Asian elderly immigrants understand AIP. Findings show: participants can make satisfactory adjustments to life in GSSH; the familiar Asian cultural context in the SH and neighborhood helps compensate for language barriers; older adults’ quality of life is related to immigration and welfare policies; and family, neighborhoods, and staff play central roles in facilitating AIP. The study suggests that AIP is a dynamic interaction between older adults and their environment. This study provides critical information to deliver culturally sensitive care in the context of AIP.

The vector of lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting Bovidae, is currently unknown. To evaluate the possible vector of LSD virus (LSDV) under field conditions, a yearlong trapping of dipterans was conducted in dairy farms that had been affected by LSD, 1-2 years previously. This was done in order to calculate monthly relative abundances of each dipteran in each farm throughout the year. The relative abundances of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in the months parallel to the outbreaks (December and April) were significantly higher than those of other dipterans. A stable fly population model based on weather parameters for the affected area was used to validate these findings. Its results were significantly correlated with S. calcitrans abundance. This model, based on weather parameters during the epidemic years showed that S. calcitrans populations peaked in the months of LSD onset in the studied farms. These observations and model predictions revealed a lower abundance of stable flies during October and November, when LSD affected adjacent grazing beef herds. These findings therefore suggest that S. calcitrans is a potential vector of LSD in dairy farms and that another vector is probably involved in LSDV transmission in grazing herds. These findings should be followed up with vector competence studies.

We reexamine the production of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and other charmonium states for a variety of target-projectile choices at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron, in particular for the interesting comparison between S+U at $200 \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and Pb+Pb at $158 \mathrm{GeV}/c$ as observed in the experiments NA38 and NA50, respectively. For this study we use a newly constructed cascade code LUCIFER II, which yields acceptable descriptions of both hard and soft processes, specifically Drell-Yan and meson production. This code divides the ion-ion collision into an initial phase involving hard interactions of the original nucleons and no soft energy loss, followed after the meson formation time by a ``normal'' low energy cascade among the secondary particles. The modeling of the charmonium states differs from that of earlier workers in its unified treatment of the hidden charm meson spectrum, which is introduced from the outset as a set of coupled states ${\ensuremath{\psi},{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{i},{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}.$ The result is a description of the NA38 and NA50 data in terms of a conventional, hadronic picture. The apparently anomalous suppression found in the most massive Pb+Pb system arises in the present simulation from three sources: destruction in the initial nucleon-nucleon cascade phase, use of coupled channels to exploit the larger breakup in the less bound ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{i}$ and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ states, and comover interaction in the final low energy phase.

The effect of quenching on the structure of ternary U−3.6 at.% Ti−4.7 at.% W alloy was studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that in addition to the orthorhombic α′ martensite a monoclinic α″ phase forms in the quenched material. The lattice parameters and the space group of the monoclinic α″ phase were determined by the Rietveld refinement method and then were verified by electron diffraction. The unit cell of the monoclinic structure was treated as a side-centered parallelepiped with the unique axis b. The space group was determined as C2/m and the lattice parameters were: a = 0.5838 nm, b = 0.2858 nm, c = 0.4973 nm and β = 91.08°. Orientation relationship between α′ and α″ lattices was determined from the analysis of the electron diffraction patterns. It was shown that the formation of α′ and α″ structures from the cubic γ structure can be explained by the model similar to that suggested for U-Mo and U-Nb systems, and the α′/α″ orientation relationship observed in the experiment excellently fits this model.

▪ Abstract A quantitative model, based on hadronic physics and Monte Carlo cascading, is described and applied to heavy ion collisions at BNL-AGS energies (∼ 14 GeV/u). The model was found to be in excellent agreement with particle spectra where data previously existed, for Si beams, and was able to successfully predict the spectra where data were initially absent, for Au beams. For Si + Au collisions, baryon densities of three or four times the normal nuclear matter density (ρ0) are seen in the theory, whereas for Au + Au collisions, matter at densities up to 10 ρ0 is anticipated. The possibility that unusual states of matter may be created by the Au beams and potential signatures for its observation are considered.

A new two-body relativistic equation is presented. The major advantage of the proposed equation over existing equations in the literature is that this equation automatically adjusts itself for different mass systems. Besides unitarity and covariance, this equation gives a physically meaningful prescription of how the particles go off-mass-shell in the intermediate states. It allows the particles to go off-mass-shell proportionally to their masses so that when one of the masses becomes infinite, it automatically becomes a one-body equation for the lighter particle and for equal mass systems, it reduces to the Todorov equation. Because of the off-mass-shell prescription for the intermediate states, it will be useful for systems with a wide variety of masses such as mesons, positronium, muonium, pionium, the deuteron and light hadronic atoms.

A model for composite electroweak bosons is reexamined to establish approximate ranges for the initial predictions of the top quark and Higgs boson masses. Higher order corrections to this four-fermion theory at a high mass scale, where the theory is matched to the standard model, have little effect, as do wide variations in this scale. However, including all one loop evolution and defining the masses self-consistently, at their respective poles, shifts the top quark and Higgs boson masses somewhat from the earlier calculated positions. These masses exhibit a moderate dependence on the measured strong coupling: for example, with {alpha}{sub {ital S}}({ital m}{sub {ital W}})=0.115(0.125), one finds {ital m}{sub {ital t}}{similar_to}180(185) GeV and {ital m}{sub {ital H}}{similar_to}130(135) GeV.

We report a case of a patient with clinical features of progressive supranuclear palsy and raised titres of anticardiolipin antibodies in blood, thrombocytopenia and livedo reticularis on skin. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and isotope scan of brain were distinctive of vascular disorder.

In 2009, a pathologist with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) was reported to the Spanish registry. This case prompted a request for information on health-related occupation in sCJD cases from countries participating in the European Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Surveillance network (EuroCJD). Responses from registries in 21 countries revealed that of 8,321 registered cases, 65 physicians or dentists, two of whom were pathologists, and another 137 healthcare workers had been identified with sCJD. Five countries reported 15 physicians and 68 other health professionals among 2,968 controls or non-cases, suggesting no relative excess of sCJD among healthcare professionals. A literature review revealed: (i) 12 case or small case-series reports of 66 health professionals with sCJD, and (ii) five analytical studies on health-related occupation and sCJD, where statistically significant findings were solely observed for persons working at physicians' offices (odds ratio: 4.6 (95 CI: 1.2-17.6)). We conclude that a wide spectrum of medical specialities and health professions are represented in sCJD cases and that the data analysed do not support any overall increased occupational risk for health professionals. Nevertheless, there may be a specific risk in some professions associated with direct contact with high human-infectivity tissue. Sí

The Land\'e subtraction method is a technique for removing the singularity which arises when one solves the Schr\"odinger equation in momentum space for the Coulomb potential. Using this technique, numerical solutions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are presented and compared to exact results. Approximately 50 eigenvalues can be calculated very accurately for various values of the angular momentum. Numerous eigenfunctions can also be found very accurately. In addition, it is shown how to implement the Land\'e subtraction method for potentials which are a linear combination of the Coulomb potential and some other potential. Using a basis-function expansion technique, it is shown how to obtain solutions in those cases where the momentum integrals must be evaluated explicitly.

Plans, prototypes, and initial test results for the charged-particle beam (e[sup [minus]], e[sup +]) diagnostic systems on the injector rings, their transport lines, and the storage ring for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) are presented. The APS will be a synchrotron radiation user facility with one of the world's brightest x-ray sources in the 10-keV to 100-keV regime. Its 200-MeV electron linac, 450-MeV positron linac, positron accumulator ring, 7-GeV booster synchrotron, 7-GeV storage ring, and undulator test lines will also demand the development and demonstration of key particle-beam characterization techniques over a wide range of parameter space. Some of these parameter values overlap or approach those projected for fourth generation light sources (linac-driven FELs and high brightness storage rings) as described at a recent workshop. Initial results from the diagnostics prototypes on the linac test stand operating at 45-MeV include current monitor data, beam loss monitor data, and video digitization using VME architecture.

Production of $c\bar c$ pairs in elementary hadron-hadron collisions is introduced in a simulation of relativistic heavy ion collisions. Coalescence of charmed quarks and antiquarks into various charmonium states is performed and the results are compared to PHENIX J$/\psi$ Au+Au data. The $\chi$ and $\psi$' bound states must be included as well as the ground state J$/\psi$, given the appreciable feeding from the excited states down to the J$/\psi$ via gamma decays. Charmonium coalescence is found to take place at relatively late times: generally after $c$($\bar c$)-medium interactions have ceased. Direct production of charmonia through hadron-hadron interactions, {\it ie.} without explicit presence of charm quarks, occurring only at early times, is suppressed by collisions with comoving particles and accounts for some $\sim 5\%$ of the total J$/\psi$ production. Coalescence is especially sensitive to the level of open charm production, scaling naively as $n_{c\bar c}^2$. The J$/\psi$ transverse momentum distribution is dependent on the charm quark transverse momentum distribution and early charm quark-medium interaction, thus providing a glimpse of the initial collision history., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures

The intrinsic fluorescence of spectrin is strongly quenched by low concentrations of 2-bromostearate. This results from binding at a series of hydrophobic sites. Analysis of dynamic fluorescence quenching by acrylamide, iodide and caesium ions, separately and in conjunction with 2-bromostearate, leads to the conclusion that most of the tryptophan side-chains are exposed to solvent. The sites at which the fatty-acid-quenched tryptophans are located apparently interact with the lipid bilayer in the cell, as judged by quenching by bromostearate dissolved in the lipid phase. A minor proportion of the side-chains in native spectrin give rise to sharp proton magnetic resonance signals, indicative of segmental mobility; these chain elements contain some tryptophan residues, as revealed by weak downfield signals from the heterocyclic ring protons. These signals are not appreciably perturbed by stearic acid or by phosphatidylserine liposomes, suggesting that the hydrophobic binding sites are not in mobile chain elements. By contrast with a series of globular proteins which, with the exception of serum albumins, show little or no quenching by 2-bromostearate, the peripheral red cell membrane skeletal proteins ankyrin (and its spectrin-binding domain), protein 4.1 and (to a lesser extent) actin show evidence of a high affinity for the hydrophobic ligand and may, like spectrin, interact directly with the bilayer in situ.

A method is presented for solution in momentum space of the bound state problem with linear potential in r-space. The potential is unbounded at large r leading to a singularity at small q. The singularity is integrable, when regulated by exponentially screening the r-space potential, and is removed by a subtraction technique. The limit of zero screening is taken analytically, and numerical solution of the subtracted integral equation gives eigenvalues and wavefunctions in good agreement with position space calculations. The method generalises easily to arbitrary power law potentials.

Summary There is evidence for genetic factors in multiple sclerosis (MS). The evidence come from epidemiologic studies, racial predilection, risk in family members (sibs, half sibs, adoptees) and twins studies. MS is not a Mendelian inherited disease; only the susceptibility to the disease is inherited, the risk of MS being also related to an environmental factor. Many candidate genes were screened, and there are four research groups tryinq to study the whole genome. MS seem to be an oligo- or multigenic disorder with an apparently similar phenotype for the different genes involved.

A consistent picture of the Au+Au and D+Au, s = 200 A GeV measurements at RHIC obtained with the PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS detectors was previously developed with the simulation LUCIFER. The approach was modeled on the early production of a fluid of pre‐hadrons after the completion of an initial phase of high energy interactions. A successful description of both measured “jet” suppression and elliptical flow is obtained with a key element being the early production of pre‐mesons which are relatively strongly interacting. The synthesis of these two signals in a common description puts in doubt the likelihood of direct hadronic observation of the colored phase which, for appreciably hard partons, lasts only a short interval ∼tp, while the time for pre‐mesons to hadronise tf is in general considerably longer.

In a recent experiment E906 at the BNL-AGS, a search for light S=-2 hypernuclei, strong evidence was found for the nuclide Hydrogen-4 double Lambda. One of the most striking components of this data was the appearance of a narrow low-momentum pi- line at k(pi-) = 104-105 MeV/c. This was ascribed to the decay of Hydrogen-4 double Lambda into a resonant state in Helium-4 Lambda. The existence of such a state is shown to be plausible and its characteristics are delineated.

In a comprehensive epidemiological survey among Jews living in Israel, the average prevalence of myotonic dystrophy (DM) was 15.7/10(5) (1 case in 6369) with intercommunity variations; the Ashkenazi Jews had the lowest rate, 5.7/10(5) (1 case in 17544) as compared to the rate in the Sephardim/Oriental Jews 20/10(5) (1 case in 5000) and the in the Yemenite Jews 47.3/10(5) (1 case in 2114). The rate of unrelated DM-sibships per 10(6) people of each community was used as an estimate of the transition rate from stable to unstable DMPK-(CTG)(n) alleles assuming that each transition is a beginning of a new DM sibship. This study indicated that the difference in the incidence of DM is a result of higher mutation rate in the non-Ashkenazi Jews (>50/10(6)) as compared to the rate in the Ashkenazi Jews (16.3/10(6)). The intragenic haplotype of the DM alleles was the same as that of the DM in many populations all over the world. However, two DM closely linked markers D19S207 and D19S112 were in linkage disequilibrium with the DM mutation in patients of Yemenite and Moroccan (the largest subgroup in the Sephardim Jews) extractions and not in the Ashkenazi patients. This observation indicated a common ancestral origin for the DM premutation in patients of the same ethnic origin. We concluded that the difference in the prevalence of DM among the Jewish communities is a consequence of founder premutations in the non-Ashkenazi Jewish communities.

Several recent experiments have reported evidence for a narrow feature in the K(+)-neutron system, an apparent resonant state ~ 100 MeV above threshold and with a width < 25 MeV. This state has been labelled as Theta(+) (previously as Z(*)), and because of the implied inclusion of a anti-strange quark, is referred to as a pentaquark, that is, five quarks within a single bag. We present an alternative explanation for such a structure, as a higher angular momentum resonance in the isospin zero K(+) -N system. One might call this an exit channel or a molecular resonance. In a non-relativistic potential model we find a possible candidate for the kaon-nucleon system with relative angular momentum L=3, while L=1 and 2 states possess centrifugal barriers too low to confine the kaon and nucleon in a narrow state at an energy so high above threshold. A rather strong state-dependence in the potential is essential, however, for eliminating an observable L=2 resonance at lower energies., 4 pages

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) will be a third-generation synchrotron radiation source (hard X-rays) based on 7-GeV positrons circulating in a 1104-m circumference storage ring. In the past year a number of the diagnostic prototypes for the measurement of the charged-particle beam parameters throughout the subsystems of the facility (ranging from 450-MeV to 7-GeV positrons and with different pulse formats) have been built and tested. Results are summarized for the beam position monitor, current monitor, loss monitor, and imaging systems. The test facilities ranged from the 40-MeV APS linac test stand to the existing storage rings at SSRL and NSLS. >

This paper describes the sensitivity and offset calibration for the beam position monitors (BPMs) using button-type pickups in the injector synchrotron, storage ring, and insertion devices of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In order to reduce the overall offset and to isolate the error (/spl lsim/100 /spl mu/m) due to the low fabrication tolerance in the extruded storage ring vacuum chamber, the electrical offset is minimized by carefully sorting and matching the buttons and cables according to the button capacitance and the characteristic impedances of the cable and the button feedthrough. The wire method is used for the sensitivity calibration, position-to-signal mapping, and measurement of resolution and long-term drift (/spl lsim/1 mV) of the processing electronics. The processing electronics was also tested at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) using a real beam, with results indicating better than 25 /spl mu/m resolution for the APS storage ring. Conversion between the BPM signal and the actual beam position is done by using polynomial expansions fit to the mapping data with absolute accuracy better than 25 /spl mu/m within /spl plusmn/5 mm square. Measurement of the effect of button mispositioning and mechanical inaccuracy of the extruded storage ring vacuum chamber, including deformation under vacuum, will be also discussed. >

This paper describes the beam position monitor (BPM) data acquisition scheme for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. The storage ring contains 360 beam position monitors distributed around its 1104-meter circumference. The beam position monitor data acquisition system is capable of making turn-by-turn measurements of all BPMs simultaneously. It is VXI-based with each VXI crate containing the electronics for 9 BPMs. The VXI local bus is used to provide sustained data transfer rates of up to 13 mega-transfers per second to a scanner module. The system provides single-bunch tracking, bunch-to-bunch measurements, fast digital-averaged positions, beam position history buffering, and synchronized multi-turn measurements. Data is accessible to the control system VME crates via an MXI bus. Dedicated high-speed ports are provided to supply position data to beam orbit feedback systems. >

The APS system will contain three rings. The first is a positron accumulator ring(PAR). Its function is to coalesce 24, 30-ns-long positron bunches into one 290-ps bunch. The second is the injector synchrotron (IS). It accelerates the 450-MeV positron bunches to 7 GeV for injection into the storage ring(SR). Five IS bunches are accumulated into one SR bucket to produce 17.5-nC, 60-ps bunches. Twenty buckets will be filled in the SR to give a current of 100 mA. >

The beam position monitors (BPMs) play a critically important role in commissioning and operation of accelerators. Accurate determination of the offsets relative to the magnetic axis and sensitivities of individual BPMs is thus needed. We will describe in this paper the schemes for calibrating all of the 360 BPMs for sensitivity and offset in the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring and the results. For the sensitivity calibration, 2-dimensional map of the BPM response in the aluminum vacuum chamber is obtained theoretically, which is combined with the measured nonlinear response of the BPM electronics. A set of a-dimensional polynomial coefficients is then obtained to approximate the result analytically. The offset calibration of the BPMs is done relative to the magnetic axis of the quadrupoles using the beam. This avoids the problem arising from various mechanical sources as well as the offset in the processing electronics. The measurement results for the resolution and long-term drift of the BPM electronics shows 0.06-/spl mu/m//spl radic/(Hz) resolution and 2-/spl mu/m/hr drift over a period of 1.5 hrs.

Principal diagnostics systems have been installed and nearly all have been commissioned on the subsystems of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility. Data have been obtained on beam position, beam profile, current, beam loss rate, and synchrotron radiation monitors on both injector rings and most recently the main 7-GeV storage ring. Results for the 150- to 450-MeV electron beams in the accumulator ring, up to 7 GeV in the injector synchrotron, and 4.5 to 7 GeV in the SR will be presented.

This paper describes the results of local beam position feedback experiments conducted on the ESRF storage ring using digital signal processing (DSP) under the trilateral agreement of collaboration among ESRF, APS, and SPring-8. Two RF beam position monitors (BPMs) in the upstream and downstream of the insertion device (ID) and two X-ray BPMs in the sixth cell were used to monitor the electron beam and the X-ray beam emitted from the ID, respectively. The local bump coefficients were obtained using the technique of singular value decomposition (SVD) on the global response matrix for the bump magnets and all the available BPMs outside the local bump. The local response matrix was then obtained between the two three-magnet bumps and the position monitors. The data sampling frequency was 4 kHz and a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller was used. The result indicates the closed-loop feedback bandwidth close to 100 Hz and clear attenuation (/spl ap/-40 dB) of the 7-Hz beam motion due to girder vibration resonance. Comparison of the results using the RF BPMs and X-ray BPMs will be also discussed.

The general character of 4-quark (mesonic) and strange 6-quark (baryonic) quark systems is very briefly reviewed a la Jaffe, i.e. in the MIT bag, and so far still possibly viable candidates are indicated. Concentration is on S=-2 systems. Traditionally, one employs the (K^-,K^+) reaction on a relatively light target and hopes to retain two units of strangeness on a single final state fragment. Alternatively, heavy ion reactions can be used to produce Lambda-hyperons copiously and one seeks to observe coalescence of two of these particles into the lightest S=-2 nucleus, the H-dibaryon. The complications arising from the presence of a repulsive core in the baryon-baryon interaction on the production of the H are discussed. Also considered is the possible presence in the data from the AGS experiment E906, of slightly heavier S=-2 nuclei, in particular_{Lambda Lambda}^{4}H.

We consider the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a Pauli-Villars cutoff. We point out that previous attempts to use this regularisation have not been consistent and it is shown that if used correctly this approach yields very reasonable values for the cutoff parameter and quark condensate when we demand that ƒπ is fixed to its experimental value. Finally it is argued that because of its covariance and smooth nature this regularisation scheme has significant advantages over other regulators on the market.

Background APS is recognised with growing incidence in many fields of medicine. It is clinically and immunologically diverse condition and may affect any organ of the body and display a broad spectrum of manifestations. The majority of published studies have been reported from a tertiary referral hospitals. We decided to study the incidence and clinical spectrum of APS in a general hospital. Objectives To examine the spectrum of clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) in the acute general hospital of the southern area of Israel. Methods Clinical records of patients who were discharged with diagnosis of APS during the years 1990–2000 were reviewed. Results A total of 22 patients fulfilled criteria of APS (accordingly to Asherson?s criteria, 1988) with 38 clinical events. Primary APS was found in 15 patients and secondary in 7 patients. There were 19 female and 3 male, mean age was 42.1 years (from 29 to 56). Most of the patients (20 out of 22) were diagnosed after 1995, showing increased awareness of this syndrome among the stuff. 16 thrombotic events occurred: 6 stroke (27%), 4 acute myocardial infarction (18%), 3 venous thromboembolic event (13.6%), 3 recurrent abortion (13.6%). 32 nonthrombotic events were found: 8 headache (36.3%), 6 thrombocytopenia (27%), 3 skin rashes (13.6%), 1 amaurosis fugax (4.5%), 1 catastrophic APS (4.5%) 1 progressive supranuclear pulsy (PSP) (4.5%). All patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction were patients with SLE, thus showing that APS is an additional risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in such patients. Headache was an additional symptom in the patients, diagnosed as having APS – in all 6 patients with stroke, one with amaurosis fugax and one with venous thromboembolic event. Patient with PSP features had magnetic resonance imaging of brain and blood test results characteristic to APS (our unpublished data). Conclusion The study shows that APS is not an uncommon disease. It is important for the internist and the specialist to be aware of the clinical manifestations of APS. Its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of arterial or venous thrombosis with or without thrombocytopenia in patients is obligatory at the present time.

A simulation is performed of the recently reported data from PHOBOS at energies of s=56,130A GeV using the relativistic heavy ion cascade LUCIFER which had previously given a good description of the NA49 inclusive spectra at s=17.2A GeV. The results compare well with these early measurements at RHIC.

The cluster in Jews of Libyan origin of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B due to a dysferlin 1624delG mutation is described. The carrier frequency of this mutation is calculated to be approximately 10% in this population, in which the disease prevalence is at least 1 per 1300 adults. Twenty-nine patients from 12 families were all homozygous for the same mutation. However, clinical features were heterogeneous even within the same family: in half of the patients onset was in the distal muscles of the legs, which is similar to Miyoshi myopathy, while in others onset was in the proximal musculature, which is similar to other forms of limb-girdle dystrophies. Age at onset varied from 12 to 28 years (mean 20.3 +/- 5.5 years). One patient was presymptomatic at age 28 years. Progression was slow regardless of age of onset, patients remaining ambulatory until at least 33 years. Five patients described subacute, painful enlarged calves as an early, unusual feature. The variable features in this ethnic cluster contribute to the definition of the clinical spectrum of dysferlinopathies in general. The cause of the observed heterogeneity remains unclear.

We identified 70 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients with the previously described E200K mutation in the prion protein gene. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical features of E200K homozygous patients (n = 5), compared with heterozygotes. We found a statistically significant younger age at disease onset for the homozygous patients, although the average age at onset in this group was still in midlife. Disease features were not statistically different in the two groups. Possible explanations are discussed.

A strong association exists between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the DRB1*1501 haplotype, in most populations. Linkage of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with the MHC or HLA region on chromosome 6p21 has previously been observed in DRB1*1501 positive MS families. A group of 13 Israeli multiplex MS families with a very low frequency of DRB1*1501 haplotype were examined in this study. Association and a linkage test were performed in order to identify a non-DRB1*1501 effect of HLA on susceptibility for MS. MS multiplex families and healthy controls were molecularly typed for six highly polymorphic markers located within the MHC region: DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1, BAT-2, MIB and D6S248. Data analyses included: (a) an association study comparing the patient group with both healthy relative, and healthy control groups (b) a transmission test for linkage disequilibrium (TDT) of the MS-associated alleles in the multiplex families, and (c) multipoint non-parametric linkage (NPL) and parametric LOD score analyses using the GENEHUNTER program. The DRB1*1303 allele was significantly more frequent among the MS patients. There was a trend towards transmission disequilibrium of DRB1*1303, but was not statistically significant. Allele sharing and LOD score analyses revealed no evidence for linkage. The high frequency of DRB1*1303 observed in our family patients provides evidence to support the association with this allele that previously described in sporadic non-Ashkenazi MS patients. Thus, DRB1*1303 may serve as genetic risk factor for MS. Our study exemplifies the genetic heterogeneity in MS as there is a genetic effect of HLA on MS susceptibility in our low frequency DRB1*1501 patients.

The H dibaryon, a single, maximally symmetric bag containing two up, two down, and two strange quarks, has long been sought after in a variety of experiments. Its creation has been attempted with K{sup -}'s or protons as projectiles and most recently in relativistic heavy ion induced reactions. We concentrate on the latter, but our conclusions are more generally applicable. The two baryons coalescing to form the single dibaryon, likely {lambda}{lambda} in the case of heavy ions, must penetrate the short range repulsive barrier which is expected to exist between them. We find that this barrier can profoundly affect the probability of producing the H state, should it actually exist. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.

We reexamine the production of J/Psi and other charmonium states for a variety of target-projectile choices at the SPS. For this study we use a newly constructed cascade code LUCIFER II, which yields acceptable descriptions of both hard and soft processes, specifically Drell-Yan and hidden charm production, and soft energy loss and meson production, at the SPS. Glauber calculations of other authors are redone, and compared directly to the cascade results. The modeling of the charmonium states differs from that of earlier workers in its unified treatment of the hidden charm meson spectrum, which is introduced from the outset as a set of coupled states. The result is a description of the NA38 and NA50 data in terms of a conventional hadronic picture. The apparently anomalous suppression found in the most massive Pb+Pb system arises from three sources: destruction in the initial nucleon-nucleon cascade, use of coupled channels to exploit the larger breakup in the less bound Chi and Psi' states, and comover interaction in the final low energy phase., Comment: 36 pages (15 figures)

A two phase cascade is presented for the treatment of ultra-high energy ion-ion collisions at energies from 17-200 GeV. First a high energy, fast cascade is performed, in which original baryons and freed hard partons, if any, collide. This stage ignores energy loss from soft (slow) processes. In this first version no hard processes, aside from Drell-Yan production, are included. The space-time history of the hard phase is then used as input to reconstruct soft energy-loss, which occurs over a longer time scale. Soft meson production is therefore treated as coherent over groups of interacting nucleons. Two body data, though, are used extensively to guide the reinitialisation of the cascade, which satisfies conservation laws for charge, strangeness and of course, energy-momentum. A second phase, low energy cascade is finally carried out among the products of the hard cascade. The model selected to describe elementary hadron-hadron collisions in the soft cascade incorporates generic mesons and baryons, which are the agents for rescattering. We imagine a constituent quark model applies, with generic mesons consisting of an excited quark-antiquark pair, and generic baryons constructed from three quarks. The chief result is a reconciliation of the important Drell-Yan measurements, indicating high-mass lepton pairs are produced as if no energy is lost from the nucleons, with the apparent success of a purely hadronic, soft cascade in describing nucleon stopping and meson production in heavy ion experiments at the CERN SPS., Comment: 37 pages, 20 figures

We have prepared two fragments of the human dystrophin rod domain, each containing eight spectrin-like repeating units, by expression in Escherichia coli. The first corresponds to the central portion of the rod, the other to three repeats from the N-terminal end, fused to five repeats from the C-terminal end. The latter makes up the entire mutant rod, found in a patient with mild (Becker-type) muscular dystrophy. Both fragments were found to possess an ordered, stable structure, and had the form of short rod-like particles in the electron microscope. Molecular weight determinations by sedimentation equilibrium revealed that both polypeptides were monomeric in solution, suggesting that the dystrophin rod domain is incapable of forming an antiparallel homodimer. This supports the inference from sequence analyses [Winder et al., 1995: FEBS Lett. 369:27-33, 1996: Biochem. Soc. Trans. 24:2805] that the dystrophin rod domain lacks the arrangement of sites required for lateral self-association, and that dystrophin, unlike the other known proteins of the spectrin superfamily, may thus exist as a monomer.

In recent months the first beams have been introduced into the various injector subsystems of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). An overview will be given of the diagnostics results on beam profiling, beam position monitors (BPMs), loss rate monitors (LRMs), current monitors (CMs), and photon monitors on the low energy transport lines, positron accumulator ring (PAR), and injector synchrotron (IS). Initial measurements have been done with electron beams at energies from 250 to 450 MeV and 50 to 400 pC per macrobunch. Operations in single turn and stored beam conditions were diagnosed in the PAR and IS.

The resolution and long‐term drift of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) beam position monitor (BPM) electronics were measured using the charged particle beams in the ESRF storage ring with various beam current and configurations (single bunch, 8 and 16 equally spaced bunches, and 1/3‐fill). The energy of the stored electrons was 6 GeV. The integrated BPM electronics system as used for this work is capable of measuring the beam position on a turn‐by‐turn basis, which can be accumulated for N turns (N=2n, n=1,2,...,11) . Estimation of the BPM resolution apart from the low‐frequency beam motion was made by measuring the standard deviation in the measured beam position with different Ns. The analysis of the results indicates a BPM resolution of 18/√N [μm] for the APS storage ring, which is equivalent to 0.07 μm/√Hz. For the miniature insertion device BPM with 2.8 times higher sensitivity, the resolution will be 0.02 μm/√Hz. The long‐term drift of the BPM electronics independent of the actual beam motion was me...

Large amounts of experimental data on strangeness production in nucleon‐nucleon and in pion‐nucleon collisions, and data on hadronic scattering of strange particles, make it possible to calculate, with accuracy, the hadronic contribution to the strangeness production in nucleus‐nucleus reactions. The relativistic cascade model ARC, relying on the experimental measurements of elementary hadron‐hadron interactions, successfully predicted many single particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at BNL‐AGS, including those of strange mesons K±.

The three stripline damper system designed to reduce instability growth in the Advanced Photon Source Storage ring is described. The main sources of instability growth are higher‐order modes of the accelerating cavities and the resistive wall impedance of the small insertion devices beam tubes. The transverse damping system will be dominated by the resistive wall modes and the longitudinal damper will reduce the higher‐order modes from the accelerating cavities. Three stripline units will be used: One as a pickup, one as a transverse damper, and one as a longitudinal damper. They will each contain four strips located symmetrically about the vertical center plane at the top of an elliptical beam tube and two located at the bottom. (AIP)

The spinless Salpeter equation with the Coulomb potential is solved exactly in momentum space and is shown to agree very well with a coordinate-space calculation. The agreement is so good that it clearly establishes that the procedure discussed can be used to reliably calculate fine-structure effects in any bound-state system without relying on approximations. The procedure works no matter how large the coupling constant. An equation, called the spinless Salpeter equation with retardation, is introduced and this is also able to be solved exactly.

The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared, controlling for age, in native-born Israelis of different origins and in immigrants to Israel. This comparison was carried out in two populations, countrywide and in Jerusalem. In the countrywide population, ascertainment was based mainly on hospitalizations; it included 252 patients who were native-born and 150 who had immigrated from Africa-Asia (AA immigrants). The 89 MS patients of Jerusalem also included patients diagnosed in outpatient clinics. In native-born Israelis whose father was born in Europe-America (I-EA), the incidence and prevalence of MS were found to be as high as or even higher than that found previously in immigrants from Europe-America. Among native-born Israelis whose father was born in Africa or Asia (I-AA), the yearly age-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates were found to be 1.4- to 1.8-fold higher than among AA immigrants, pointing to environmental factors. The incidence and prevalence rates in the I-EA were 1.2- to 1.6-fold higher than in the I-AA, pointing to genetic factors. These results seem to point to both environmental and genetic factors in the aetiology of MS. Further research is needed, however, to disentangle the genetic factors from possible environmental differences in the two ethnic groups.

The phenomenon of collective flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied using the hadronic cascade model ARC. Direct comparison is made to data gathered at the Bevalac, for Au+Au at $p=1-2$ GeV/c. In contrast to the standard lore about the cascade model, collective flow is well described quantitatively without the need for explicit mean field terms to simulate the nuclear equation of state. Pion collective flow is in the opposite direction to nucleon flow as is that of anti-nucleons and other produced particles. Pion and nucleon flow are predicted at AGS energies also, where, in light of the higher baryon densities achieved, we speculate that equation of state effects may be observable., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures included