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1. Damage detection in a post tensioned concrete beam – Experimental investigation

Author

Maria Giuseppina Limongelli, Dominique Siegert, Louis Marie Cottineau, Ivan Gueguen, V. le Corvec, R. Vidal, E. Merliot, Julien Waeytens, Frédéric Bourquin, Department Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Statistical Inference for Structural Health Monitoring (I4S), Département Composants et Systèmes (IFSTTAR/COSYS), PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Instrumentation, Simulation et Informatique Scientifique (IFSTTAR/COSYS/LISIS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Advitam, Numerical Engineering & Consulting Services [Sceaux] (NECS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France

Subjects
Engineering, Modal analysis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Span (engineering), Experimental tests, Displacement (vector), 0201 civil engineering, Post-tensioned beam, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Bending stiffness, 021105 building & construction, Strain gauge, Civil and Structural Engineering, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Tension (physics), business.industry, Damage detection, Modal frequency, Structural engineering, [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], Inclinometer, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; The paper deals with the results of an experimental campaign carried out on a post tensioned concrete beam with the aim of investigating the possibility to detect early warning signs of deterioration based on static and/or dynamic tests. The beam was tested in several configurations aimed to reproduce 5 different phases of the ‘life‘ of the beam: in the original undamaged state, un-der increasing loss of tension in the post tensioning cables, during and after the formation of cracks at mid span, after a strengthening intervention carried out by means of a second tension cable, dur-ing and after the formation of further cracks on the strengthened beam. Responses of the beam were measured by an extensive set of instruments consisting of accelerometers, inclinometers, displace-ment transducers, strain gauges and optical fibers. In this paper data from accelerometers and dis-placement transducers have been exploited. The paper presents the test program and the dynamic characterization of the beam in the different damage scenarios in terms of the first modal frequency, identified from dynamic tests and of the bending stiffness monitored during static tests.

Published
2016
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2. Model updating techniques for damage detection in concrete beam using optical fiber strain measurement device

Author

Xavier Chapeleau, Bojana Rosić, V. le Corvec, P.-E. Charbonnel, E. Merliot, Dominique Siegert, Julien Waeytens, Louis Marie Cottineau, R. Vidal, Laboratoire Instrumentation, Simulation et Informatique Scientifique (IFSTTAR/COSYS/LISIS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire d'Etudes de Mécanique Sismique (EMSI), Service d'Etudes Mécaniques et Thermiques (SEMT), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Statistical Inference for Structural Health Monitoring (I4S), Département Composants et Systèmes (IFSTTAR/COSYS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France, Advitam, Numerical Engineering & Consulting Services [Sceaux] (NECS), Structure et Instrumentation Intégrée (IFSTTAR/COSYS/SII), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Communauté Université Paris-Est-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Département Composants et Systèmes (IFSTTAR/COSYS), PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)

Subjects
Engineering, Optical fiber, business.industry, Bayesian probability, Constitutive equation, Statistical model, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Inverse problem, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Finite element method, law.invention, Tikhonov regularization, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, law, Structural health monitoring, 0210 nano-technology, business, Algorithm, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The article aims at detecting and quantifying early structural damages using deterministic and probabilistic model updating techniques. To achieve this purpose, local information in a form of optical strain measurement is employed. The strategy consists in updating physical parameters associated to damages, such as Young’s modulus, in order to minimize the gap between the numerical strain obtained from finite element solves and the strain sensor outputs. Generally, the damage estimation is an ill-posed inverse problem, and hence requires regularization. Herein, three model updating techniques are considered involving different type of regularization: classical Tikhonov regularization, Constitutive Relation Error based updating method and Bayesian approach. An illustration of these three approaches is proposed for localizing and quantifying an early damage in a real 8 meter post-tensioned concrete beam. Numerical results show that all the methods properly localize the damaged area and give similar estimation of the damage level

Published
2016
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3. Unimodal optimal passive electromechanical damping of elastic structures

Author

O. Ben Mekki, Franco Maceri, Frédéric Bourquin, E Merliot, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Département Composants et Systèmes (IFSTTAR/COSYS), PRES Université Lille Nord de France-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), University of Rome 'Tor Vergeta', Laboratoire Instrumentation, Simulation et Informatique Scientifique (IFSTTAR/COSYS/LISIS), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est

Subjects
Engineering, Optimality criterion, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0201 civil engineering, law.invention, Damper, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Alternator, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Damping torque, 010301 acoustics, Mechanical energy, Civil and Structural Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], VIBRATION, business.industry, Pendulum, [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Structural engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, MECANIQUE, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Signal Processing, Resistor, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

In this paper, a new electromechanical damper is presented and used, made of a pendulum oscillating around an alternator axis and connected by a gear to the vibrating structure. In this way, the mechanical energy of the oscillating mass can be transformed into electrical energy to be dissipated when the alternator is branched on a resistor. This damping device is intrinsically non-linear, and the problem of the optimal parameters and of the best placement of this damper on the structure is studied. The optimality criterion chosen here is the maximum exponential time decay rate (ETDR) of the structural response. This criterion leads to new design formulas. The case of a bridge under construction is considered and the analytical results are compared with experimental ones, obtained on a mock-up made of a vertical tower connected to a free-end horizontal beam, to simulate the behavior of a cable-stayed bridge during the erection phase. Up to three electromechanical dampers are placed in order to study the multi-modal damping. The satisfactory agreement between the theoretical model and the experiments suggests that a multi-modal passive damping of electromagnetic type could be effective on lightweight flexible structures, when dampers are suitably placed.

Published
2013
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4. In situ radiation influence on strain measurement performance of Brillouin sensors

Author

Sylvain Girard, Y. Sikali Mamdem, Youcef Ouerdane, E. Merliot, Frédéric Taillade, Johan Bertrand, X. Pheron, C. Marcandella, Sylvie Delepine-Lesoille, Aziz Boukenter, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANDRA (ANDRA), ANDRA, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Optical fiber, Dopant, distributed Brillouin fiber sensor, business.industry, Scattering, gamma radiation, Radiation, radiation induced attenuation, law.invention, Brillouin zone, strain, Amplitude, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business, Extensometer
Abstract

International audience; A new approach is proposed to monitor in situ the influence of gamma radiations on Brillouin properties of optical fiber extensometers. Experimental results are illustrated with the characterization of two fibers samples up to total dose of about 600Gy. The Brillouin frequency shift remains unaffected at such radiations level, as well as the spectral Brillouin signature or its dependence with strain. Meanwhile, propagation losses increase under radiations with an amplitude related to fiber dopants. The target application is nuclear wastes repository monitoring where higher doses are expected. UV radiation preliminary tests show that compaction phenomenon may occur at such high doses, inducing Brillouin frequency shift up to 20 MHz.

Published
2011
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5. Experimental determination of the stress evolution in a prebent steel very high-performance concrete beam by means of an active stressmeter

Author

E. Merliot, C. Nguyen Van Phu, F. Toutlemonde, F. Derkx, Stéphanie Staquet, Service BATir, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Division Métrologie et Instrumentation (LCPC/MI), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Division Fonctionnement et Durabilité des Ouvrages d'art (LCPC/FDOA), and Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
Materials science, BETON HAUTES PERFORMANCES, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Computation, POUTRE, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 0201 civil engineering, Stress (mechanics), Quality (physics), [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Creep, Mechanics of Materials, Casting (metalworking), [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021105 building & construction, FLUAGE, business, Reliability (statistics), Beam (structure), Strain gauge
Abstract

This experimental research allowed to emphasize two main factors for the quality of the measurements by active stress-meters: on one hand, the accuracy of the location and the orientation of the jacks considering the severe conditions during the casting and in contrast, and the reliability with time of the embedded strain gages considering the possible presence of important electric disturbances in the environment. However, during 4 months, the quality of the strain signals used for the control turned out satisfactory and the obtained values are close to the theoretical computation. The evolution of the pressure during the same period shows a good regularity and a good agreement between the measurements and the values computed by the two-function method using the CEB-MC90 model code in its 1999 version for the prediction of concrete creep and shrinkage11 and the model of Yue and Taerwe10 for the creep recovery law (maximal difference of only 0.6 MPa after 4 months of recording). The aim of the direct measurement of stresses can be considered as reached, the prediction of the stress state in the beam according to the two-function method being validated with a precision of ±1.5% (uncertainty of about 1 MPa for a devise designed for a stress range up to 35 MPa).

Published
2009
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6. Piezoelectric Sensors for Weigh-In-Motion Systems: An Experimental Insight into Edge Effects

Author

J Iaquinta, J-P Desroche, L-M Cottineau, and E. Merliot

Subjects
Truck, Engineering, Piezoelectric sensor, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Work (physics), Control engineering, Potential measurement, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Weigh in motion, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Sensitivity (control systems), business, Field campaign, Simulation
Abstract

Experimental campaigns conducted on the theme of weigh-in-motion exhibited an unexpected scattering of the weight measurements. In spite of several attempts, no argument was found to satisfactorily explain the dispersal, in particular for the sites implementing piezoelectric sensors. After tackling this problem numerically in a previous study, the present investigation aims at understanding experimentally the behavior of such systems within the material in which they are embedded in the road. A field campaign utilizing an instrumented truck confirmed a loss of sensitivity at the ends of the sensor. This result was also corroborated by laboratory testing on a servohydraulic jack. It is shown that the location of a load over the sensor affects its response, and that only a small part of the traffic lane is saved from edge effects. The major mission of this work is to make users of weigh-in-motion systems based upon piezoelectric sensors aware of this phenomenon so that they can take actions to recognize and compensate for the potential measurement errors associated with using this type of sensor.

Published
2004
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