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Objectives. To develop a methodology for the quantitative assessment of new technologies in accordance with the principles of best available technologies (BAT). To evaluate the developed technologies of low-tonnage chemical production of tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolylsulfenamide, diisopropyl xanthohen disulfide, and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine for compliance with BAT principles and compare with alternative (implemented, known) technologies in terms of environmental impact.Methods. A methodology for the quantitative assessment of new technologies for the production of organic substances in accordance with BAT principles was used.Results. The developed methodology for the quantitative assessment of new technologies in accordance with BAT principles based on the calculation of comprehensive comparison indicators with alternative technologies for technological and environmental indicators allowed us to determine the level of implemented technologies for the production of tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, diisopropyl xanthohen disulfide, and N-phenyl-2- naphthylamine to minimize the impact on the environmental, including through the development of special technological solutions for resource conservation and waste reduction, and to conduct a quantitative assessment of the achieved environmental outcome. It is established that the considered new technologies of low-tonnage chemical production comply with BAT principles and are more environmentally advanced compared to alternative ones previously implemented in the USSR.Conclusions. For the first time, a methodology for quantifying new technologies in accordance with BAT principles is proposed. The possibility of its use at the stage of making basic technological decisions on the implemented production method in order to ensure compliance with legislative requirements for technologies in the field of environmental safety to achieve environmental protection goals is shown on the example of low-tonnage technologies for the production of tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, diisopropyl xanthohen disulfide, and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine created in GosNIIOKhT.

Objectives. This paper presents research results on the encapsulation of a fluidized bed of liquid and solid toxic waste containing chemicals with a hazard class of 1–3.Methods. Soils contaminated with hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane were used as the seed material. Ceresin was selected as the encapsulant, which was sprayed onto the fluidized bed through a pneumatic nozzle at a temperature of 135°C. Before the spraying of the ceresin, binders were introduced into the fluidized bed of the seed material through pneumatic nozzles in the form of a melt of high-temperature coal-tar pitch and wastewater containing sodium and arsenic salts as well as heavy metal oxides. The experiments were carried out using a modified GLATT AGT-150 laboratory unit.Results. The results demonstrate that the mechanism for granule formation is a mixed mechanism. The binding of the seed material is carried out by both the pitch and salting out. In this case, the cavities in the agglomerates are partially filled with salt deposits, which increases the strength and integrity of the final product’s structure. Ranges for the process parameter values were established at the point at which there was no unwanted agglomeration in the fluidized bed, and dust formation did not exceed 5%. When the ratio of the bed mass to the mass of ceresin is equal to unity, a moisture-resistant free-flowing product of hazard class 5 is obtained, which is suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The average diameters of the initial particles and encapsulated granules were 0.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively.Conclusions. The present study demonstrates a potential process for the granulation– encapsulation of toxic waste and hazardous substances with a hazard class of 1–3 in a single fluid-bed apparatus, resulting in the formation of a moisture-resistant hazard class-5 granular product suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The results obtained can be used in the development of an industrial large-scale process for encapsulating waste of hazard classes 1–3.

The hydrolysis of methylphosphonic acid О-isobutyl-S-2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethylthionic ester was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that at the equimolecular ratio of the reactants the heat effect of the process changes from 68.0 to 72.3 kJ/mol depending on impurities concentration in the initial product. It was shown that maximum heat flow is observed at 70-80°С, and the degree of decomposition of the initial substance ~57.2 %. The results of the investigations were used for the development of technology for chemical weapons destruction plants in Russian Federation.