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The structural integrity of wood–polymer composites (WPC) has not been fully investigated, which can be attributed to a lack of applicable test procedures. In this study, wood–polypropylene composites were assessed by High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI) testing. The acquired composites were based on wood particles from various sources and different wood fibre contents, respectively. With respect to wood fibre content, a clear relationship between resistance to impact milling (RIM) and unnotched impact bending strength (acU) was obtained. The lower the fibre content of the WPC the more structural integrity was retained. In return, various wood sources had no effect on acU, but a major impact on RIM values. RIM is suggested to be predominantly affected by structural features, such as fibre/particle content and characteristics, particle agglomerations, and spatial void distribution.

A aplicação dos requisitos de segurança no uso e operação da NBR 15575 impacta, sobretudo, na prevenção de acidentes na construção civil. O objetivo desse artigo é propor adequações aos projetos de sistemas de pisos e de coberturas de uma edificação quanto aos requisitos de segurança no uso e operação da NBR 15575. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de caso com análise dos projetos de sistemas de piso e de cobertura de uma obra por meio de uma lista de verificação baseada em Costella (2018). Dentre os quatro requisitos analisados no projeto de sistemas de pisos, apenas um estava conforme, enquanto no sistema de cobertura, 50% dos requisitos estavam conformes. As conclusões são de que os projetistas precisam assumir a responsabilidade por essa especificação em função do risco que uma não conformidade representa para a vida dos trabalhadores e usuários da edificação.

800x600 The Paul C. Standley Herbarium (EAP) is a truly Pan-American (EAP) institution whose collections and research have served the countries represented at Zamorano University for seventy years. The botanical specimens housed at EAP represent the flora of all the countries of Mesoamerica and to a lesser extent western South America. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i1.970

In 1956, Louis O. Williams transferred type specimens of Central American and Mexican plants that had been deposited in the Escuela Agricola Panamericana (EAP), Honduras to the U.S. National Herbarium (US), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. With only a few exceptions, the specimens typified names of taxa that had been described by Williams and his colleagues in Honduras, who had stated in their publications (numerous articles in the scientific serial Ceiba and the book The Rain Forests of Golfo Dulce) that the "types" (i.e., holotypes) were deposited in EAP. This transfer, which was neither publicly announced nor otherwise previously well-documented, has led to confusion regarding the present location of the holotypes of many names. Details regarding Williams's transaction and an accounting of the 195 collections and 219 specimens involved are presented.

Grundlagen: Die Rekonstruktionsmoglichkeiten der weiblichen Brust haben sich in den letzten Jahren verandert. Ein historischer uberblick sowie unsere eigene Erfahrung, vor allem mit dem LD-Lappen, werden dargestellt.

Nematode infections cause human morbidity and enormous economic loss in livestock. Since resistance against currently available anthelmintics is a worldwide problem, there is a continuous need for new compounds. The cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A is a novel anthelmintic that binds to the latrophilin-like transmembrane receptor important for pharyngeal pumping in nematodes. Furthermore, PF1022A binds to GABA receptors, which might contribute to the anthelmintic effect. Like other cyclodepsipeptides, PF1022A acts as an ionophore. However, no correlation between ionophoric activity and anthelmintic properties was found. This is the first study describing the effect of PF1022A on mammalian cells and tissues. While channel-forming activity was observed already at very low concentrations, changes in intracellular ion concentrations and reduction of contractility in isolated guinea pig ileum occurred at multiples of anthelmintically active concentrations. PF1022A did not induce necrotic cell death indicated by complete lack of cellular lactate dehydrogenase release. In contrast, apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway was suggested for long-term drug treatment at high concentrations due to numerous apoptotic morphological changes as well as mitochondrial membrane depolarisation. Short time effects were based on cell cycle blockade in G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins p53, p21 and bax, but not Bcl-2 were shown to impact on PF1022A-induced cytotoxicity. However, since PF1022A-induced cytotoxicity was found at drug concentrations higher than those used in anthelmintic treatment, it can be suggested that PF1022A intake might not impair human or animal health. Thus, PF1022A seems to be a safe alternative to other anthelmintic drugs.

For some years, SAW devices are applied to complete passive and wireless interrogating systems as ID tags and as physical or chemical sensors for remote monitoring. We report on a wireless remote requestable SAW multisensor system developed with some single identification sensor elements e.g. for window-glass breakage monitoring. The identification single sensors are realized by reflective delay lines. They are operated in the frequency range of 825 to 875 MHz on 128/spl deg/YX-LiNbO/sub 3/ and on 36/spl deg/YX-LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates. For an optimized sensor element operation different SAW structures have been designed and tested. The multisensor system is able to interrogate single remote sensors in a range of more than 4 meters. The radio transceiver station, radiating a maximum output power of 500 mW, evaluates radio signals up to -85 dBm.

Near-rings are generalized rings: commutativity of addition is not assumed, and 3=more important — only one distributive law is required. The most famous example is the collection of all maps from an additive group into itself w.r.t. function addition and composition. Compared with a standard class of rings, endomorphism rings of abelian groups, one sees that rings describe “linear” maps on groups, while near-rings handle the general nonlinear case. The theory of near-rings is now a sophisticated theory which has found numerous applications in various areas. In this article, we concentrate on a deep structure theorem for near-rings, the density theorem for primitive near-rings. This result is applied to interpolation theory, group theory and polynomials. Connections between other parts of near-rings (especially near-fields) and geometry come up at several places. Efficient block designs and codes can be constructed from finite near-rings. Finally we mention connections to ring theory, computer science, graph theory and other parts of the “outside world”. Only some easier proofs are given. For the others, references will be given; if these results are available in book form, we cite this book and not the original paper. Up to now, three books on near-rings and one on near-fields have appeared (see [1-4]in the list of references). , , o denote the sets if natural numbers, integers and reals, respectively, and Zn denotes the set of residue classes modulo n.

Ulcerating primary breast cancer, local recurrence with extension to the thoracic wall and skin and ulceration after radiation therapy, sometimes with malignant degeneration, call for interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment. For the benefit of the patient an effective cooperation of the involved specialties seems desirable at an early stage of management. We performed breast tumor resection and immediate coverage of the defect in 25 patients (median age 54 years). In choosing the reconstruction procedure great attention was paid to short hospitalization and the possibility of commencing cytostatic or radiation therapy as soon as possible. We are able in all cases to resect the open and partly infected, ulcerated and bleeding tumors and to close the defects completely by means of various flaps. Among the many flaps at our disposal to reconstruct the thoracic well defects, we prefer the cranial based, ipsi- or contralateral extended rectus abdominis flap.

Meta-analysis of 23,700 laparoscopic cholecystectomies of 27 authors shows an intraoperative complication rate of 1.35% and a postoperative complication rate of 3%, including injuries of the bile duct in 0.48% and of the intestine in 0.19%. A second operation was necessary in 1.26%. In 0.43% retained common bile duct stones were observed. The conversion rate was 4.1% and the mortality rate was 0.08%. Our own experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a standard procedure on 455 out of 574 unselected patients (50 acute, 405 elective) resulted in 9 (2.2%) intraoperative and 5 (1.2%) postoperative complications. In 4 cases (0.9%) the complications necessitated a second operation. The conversion rate was 11.6% and the mortality rate was zero. It is concluded that the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy appear equivalent the "gold standard" of open cholecystectomy up to certain pathomorphological limits. Using an exact preoperative diagnostic regimen (sonography, cholangiography, ERCP if indicated) the place of routine intraoperative cholaniography is discussed critically.

The elevated incidence of large bowel carcinoma after cholecystectomy has long been controversial. The pathomechanism of this entity, however, is still unclear. Many authors have demonstrated a correlation between cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin levels and the occurrence of colorectal cancer. As yet, no clear data are available on the potential impact of cholecystectomy on CCK level alterations. Moreover, no reports have yet been published on CCK receptors. We have investigated the role of CCK-8 and gastrin plasma levels in patients with prior cholecystectomy and CCK receptor levels in patients with colorectal cancer. 125 patients entered a prospective study. Of these, 45 served as controls. 40 patients had prior cholecystectomy, 5 patients underwent cholecystectomy during the ongoing trial. 35 patients had a colorectal cancer, 5 of these had prior cholecystectomy. No patient had elevated CCK-8 plasma levels. Gastrin levels were slightly elevated in 2 patients. There was no correlation between large bowel carcinoma and CCK-8 and gastrin levels. Elevated CCK-8 levels following cholecystectomy occur neither immediately after surgery nor on a long-term basis. Immunohistochemical studies in patients with colorectal cancer showed no CCK receptors in the normal colonic or tumor tissue. These findings are contrary to gastrin receptor data.

In a 71-year-old woman with coronary disease the great saphenous vein was excised for use as an autologous graft vein. Two weeks later a crural ulcer developed at the distal excision site. Conservative treatment by ointment and compression was not successful and plastic surgery was considered. A clear, protein-rich liquid was discharged from the wound. The interdigital injection of methylene blue resulted in appearance of the dye in the ulcer after 45 seconds. Surgery revealed a severed lymph collector. After ligation of the lymph vessel the ulcer within a week.

Behavioral modification is understood as a complex basic process of change. At the place of engraved (indifference or faulty) behavior comes conscious health behavior. Healthy way of life is a dynamic characteristic. Protection against diseases implies knowledge and will; self-interest initiative, own participation, discipline. Health consciousness must be linked with directly responsible action. Children nd juveniles acquire the ability for a life-fit independence in thinking and acting above all in the closed social environment of the family as the smallest unit with personality forming group public. This home education process requires harmonization with the everyday school life and the life outside school

A health promoting behavioural modification begins in early school age. It is a very complex process requiring among others closed social environment variables. It is difficult to achieve a dental health consciousness on a large scale integrated in the health education. It is not a direct working object of the teacher. The institution "school" as paedagogical instrument for the development of general life fitness has to share this task with the family and to develop on this basis individual thinking and responsible acting of the pupils. Only in this way can be developed also their preventive consciousness and behavior at the same time.

General recommendations about healthy way of life and dental health are well-known to juveniles aged 12 to 16; but detailed information which completes and reinforces this general knowledge in a useful way is to a large extent lacking. Knowledge and behaviour of juveniles correlate with age, sex and success at school. An important role in developing a healthy way of life plays the family education. Point of contact for the dentist is the upgrading of dental screenings by a conform-intensive arrangement of these direct and very individual consultations.

Treatment of mandibular fractures has raised passions among supporters of the miniaturized screw plate and partisans of steel wire bone suture combined with inter-maxillary blocking. This report deals with current attitudes towards therapy. Surgical techniques are summarized, the different indications for miniaturized screw plate outlined, and other simple methods confirmed as being effective described. Based on statistical analysis of cases treated over a period of 8 years, results of treatment of mandibular injuries are reviewed, advances in therapy discussed and the various indications outlined. The use of the miniaturized screw plate appears to provide an undoubted contribution to maxillofacial surgery, but it does not supplant other therapeutic procedures. The consensus of opinion at the present time appears to have become established for therapy of mandibular fractures, confirmatory evidence being supplied by data in recent published literature.

About one forth each of juveniles aged between 12 and 16 years which have been questioned in a written form to the topic of health declare a particular positive attitude towards a healthy way of live or a negative attitude towards dental health. The compliance of juveniles to dental care is influenced both by sex, age, achievements at school, family, group integration and their motivation structure and by paedodontics care.

Localisation, extension, age dependence and permeability of the translucent zones in different progression stages of the dentine caries were examined by light microscopy, histochemical methods and dye penetration on ground sections, thin-ground sections and decalcified material of extracted human teeth. This phenomenon is observed in every age and more interpreted as a passive chemical precipitation than a protective activity of the pulp-dentine-system. As it is developed incompletely, it represents at most a relative, but not a proof protection from penetrating noxious actions.

The use of guanidine hydrochloride is reported in the treatment of 4 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. Improvement was achieved in two cases. Amelioration was initially observed in the third patient, but a relapse occurred during temporary discontinuation of therapy and the disease progressed, albeit at a slower rate, after resumption of therapy. The final case was a terminal one in which, however, slight temporary improvement occurred in response to therapy. A maximum dosage of 0.4 g (based on the assumption of an average body weight of 15 kg in these children) was reached by gradual increments. Side effects like shortlasting vomiting were observed only in case 1. The pharmacological action of guanidine hydrochloride is discussed. According to Otsuka and Endon the mechanism of action may be based on an increase in the end-plate potential amplitude. However, an augmented supply of spinal transmitters may also play a role in the mediation to the pharmacological action.

Der folgende Beitrag enthalt Ausschnitte aus der sog. „Wiener Entwicklungsstudie“, einer breitangelegten Langsschnittuntersuchung, die seit 1984 vom Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Wien durchgefuhrt wird. Sie wird mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der diagnostischen Kriterien des Wiener Risikokinderprogrammes durchgefuhrt, ebenso sollen therapeutische Moglichkeiten geschaffen werden. Im Rahmen des Risikokinderprogrammes wurden seit 1979 routinemasig Kinder mit sog. „Low-risk“-Faktoren zur entwicklungsdiagnostischen Untersuchung mit 3 und mit 6 Monaten eingeladen.

Both the reduction in the mass of bone occuring at an advanced age and that appearing as a consequence of Cushing’s syndrome have to be assigned to one of the various forms of osteoporosis. Considering the marked differences in the pathogenesis of this atrophy of bony tissue, the question has, however, to be asked whether the bones themselves reveal different characteristics.