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This work basically deals with the coconut plantation and is designed by using Internet Of Things (IOT) devices, web and android OS to manage the coconut farm. The system efficiently control, monitor and manage the activities of the coconut farm. The details of the coconut that has less amount of water which will be monitored and provide water supply for particular tree. The collection of devices in the system provides alert to the concerned person who maintenance the farm, when there is any leakage occurring in the water supply. The objective of automating the coconut plantation system is to reduce the work of the people in the of water or urea in the field.

Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery.This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy.Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI.After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.

The recent dynamical world cannot imagine the growth without fetching any thought of upgrading in material composite. Numerous studies are taking place in these biodegradable polymer composite materials to attain the required standards. Biodegradable fiber embedded polymer composites have a strong correspondence to change the composite fabricated of plastics. Natural polymer materials have the following pros like low-cost, lightweight, improved strength, easy accessibility, non-toxic, non-abrasive, and decomposable properties. Researchers have extended their proficiency idea in the product design by using raw materials which consist of natural fiber. Natural fibers are stronger and also can be utilized in producing high-end quality viable manufacturing products. The primary intention of the current experimentation is to observe the mechanical performance of Gangura roselle fiber reinforced with thermoplastics composites. Gangura roselle fibers are reinforced in thermoplastics like PLA and ABS to produce composite materials. Later test for mechanical properties of the polymer matrix composite is verified as per different ASTM standards. The outcomes of the testing were plotted in the graph and the properties are observed and their uses in different mechanical applications.

In additive manufacturing, the printing quality and errors are inevitable nowadays. The quality errors such as not extruding at start of the print, not sticking to the bed, stringing or oozing, layer shifting, layer separation and stops extruding mid print can lead to complete wastage of material and time. Detecting such defects while printing the piece will help eradicating the wastage of material and saves lots of valuable time. Providing a proper checkpoints and critical design identification where the defects are highly vulnerable can help us perform corrective measures in the early stages of printing. Here we present our findings on a novel approach based on visual pattern mining using volumetric elemental pixels popularly known as Voxels. The proposed finding provides an accelerated process monitoring and detection of printing failure conditions—by the method of classifying every layer of the printing 3D model into critical and normal layers using advanced deep learning pattern mining approach with convolutional neural networks and automatic choice of critical checkpoints from the classification, to calculate error deviation between the Voxel image of critical 3D printed layer with actual image of same layer from the semi-finished part. Integration of a camera in 3D printer, Voxel separation and processing, pattern mining, and deep machine learning provides the above-proposed system which results in high test accuracy >93% on unknown raw models. Images of parts are taken at various stages of the printing process according to the part geometry, and Voxel images are extracted from >20k 3D models. A deep learning method, convolutional neural networks (CNN), is proposed to classify the parts into either ‘normal’ or ‘critical’ category. Parts using PLA and FDM materials were printed to demonstrate the proposed framework. We demonstrate that this methodology precisely and unambiguously detects the print failure in most cases and stops the print for manual corrective measure.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the best technology in manufacturing the components without complexity. This technology is classified as seven categories by ASTM standards. Based on types of materials, it is classified into two. Materials and types of technology define the property of fabricated parts. Single material printed parts give less material property, to improve this property industries fetching towards making composite material to improve the mechanical strength and making functional parts. Ceramic matrix composites are substances which can be applied for excessive heat considered for different areas consisting of a glass, aerospace and so on. It may be hard to manufacture CMC using conventional mould techniques because of hardness and brittle. Additive manufacturing technology is virtual production technology that provides a couple of merits over traditional manufacturing process, together with producing complex elements, matrix-unfastened production, quick improvement process and so on. AM era has the same fashioning abilities in forming ceramics components, but the lack of bonding creates a lack of toughness, these properties are created prone to ceramic components fabrication failure.

An attempt has been made to explore some mechanical properties of the leaf spring steel material experimentally under stress-relieved cum shot penned and shot penned cum sandblasted process. Effects of different mechanical treatment process on mechanical characteristics of the leaf spring steel like surface hardness, ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation were represented. A typical morphological analysis also carried out to establish the microstructural changes in the leaf spring steel material causes by mechanical treatments. The outcomes of this research are exposed that the good improvement in mechanical properties of the leaf spring steel material in shot penned cum sandblasted process. The experimental results show that the percentage of elongation is very less in shot penned cum sandblasted processed leaf spring steel material due to the higher surface hardness. After the mechanical treatment, the morphological analysis revealed that the huge significant effect in the microstructures of leaf spring steel material due to the shot penned cum sandblasted process.

3D printing produces components with complicated geometries without complexity. Printed part's strength depends on the material property. Optimizing the printing parameters provides improved mechanical properties of the printed parts. Even though it is not improved as expected, another method is to introduce the composite material. Polymer composites have increased mechanical properties, and so they are used in producing high-quality objects. 3D printing is helpful in various composites fabrication having high good-quality, high accuracy and custom designed model. Here, we present detailed theoretical study on various 3D printing technologies that use polymer composite as raw material. Due to various advantages in 3D printing technologies, they play an important role in biomedical, aerospace, automobile and electrical engineering. Common 3D printing technologies are selective laser sintering, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling which are studied. Further, we studied about acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and injection molding process. In this work, we study on particles, fiber and nonmaterial composite.

The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of hyperlipidemia on β2- and β3-adrenergic signaling in late pregnant rat uterus. Hyperlipidemia was induced in female Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks before and after mating upto the 21st day of gestation. The effect of hyperlipidemia on β-adrenergic signaling was studied with the help of tension experiments, real-time PCR and cAMP ELISA in 21-day pregnant rat uterus. In tension experiments, hyperlipidemia neither altered the spontaneous contractility nor the oxytocin-induced contractions. However, it decreased the −logEC50 values of β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol and β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344. It also decreased the efficacy of adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin. Further, there was a significant decrease in salbutamol and BRL37344-stimulated cAMP content in uterine tissues. However, there was no alteration in mRNA expressions of β2-adrenoceptor (Adrb2), β3-adrenoceptor (Adrb3) and Gs protein (Gnas) though there was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of Gi protein (Gnai). In conclusion, reduced cAMP content after beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation, which correlates with an increase in Gnai mRNA, may explain the mechanism of the impairment of uterine β-adrenergic signaling in hyperlipidemic pregnant rats. The clinical implication of the present study may relate to reduced myometrial relaxant response to β-adrenergic agonists in high fat-induced uterine dysfunction.

The paper here efficiently manages the garbage over a long period of time. The garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. It creates unhygienic conditions for people and also creates ugliness to that place which also leads in the spread of bad smell. The waste will be thrown using the plastic which will not decompose and causes damage to environment Admin in this system can add the house details, allot dustbin number and manage the complaints regarding the services provided to the user. The user can terminate the services and perform the plastic recycling request. User can register himself into the system, request for the dustbin number.

Cement is the most imperative component utilized as a part of the developing business. Due to urbanization, the use of concrete for commercial and industrial application is rapidly expanding. The growing interest for concrete mainly focus on achieving higher strength and durability using various types of materials viz., waste materials, admixtures, plasticisers, etc. In this study, marble powder and exfoliated vermiculite are used as a partial replacement material for cement and fine aggregate, respectively. Marble powder is a waste product produced from the marble industry and can be utilized as a filler material in cement, whereas vermiculite is a lightweight materials with high imperviousness to fire, cracking, and shrinkage can be used along with fine aggregate. The experimental investigations were carried out to study compressive, flexure, and tensile strength parameters by replacing 5, 10, and 15% of cement with marble powder and by 20, 30, and 40% of vermiculite with fine aggregate. Parametric studies were carried out and the optimum combination that can give high strength is found.

In this paper, a novel real-time traffic control system which can easily keep traffic in control using image processing techniques is presented. In this method, a webcam is used in each stage of the traffic light in order to take pictures of the roads where traffic is bound to occur. Count of vehicles in these images is calculated using image processing tools in Matlab and different timings are allocated according to the count along with a green signal for vehicles to pass. In the proposed prototype, the green and red signals are represented using LEDs and the decrementing timer for the green signal is represented by a seven segment display.

New findings What is the central question of this study? Does the inhibition of the protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) alter the uterine contractility? What is the main finding and its importance? Inhibition of CK2 impaired the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility in late pregnant mouse uterus. This finding suggests that CK2 is a novel pathway mediating oxytocin-induced contractility in the uterus and thus opens up the possibility for this class of drugs to be developed as a new class of tocolytics. Abstract The protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed serine or threonine kinase known to phosphorylate a number of substrates. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CK2 inhibition on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in 19 day pregnant mice. The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation in late pregnant mouse uterus. CX-4945 and another selective CK2 inhibitor, apigenin, also inhibited the oxytocin-induced contractile response in late pregnant uterine tissue. Apigenin also blunted the prostaglandin F2α response, but CX-4945 did not. Casein kinase 2 was located in the lipid raft fractions of the cell membrane, and disruption of lipid rafts was found to reverse its effect. The results of the present study suggest that CK2, located in lipid rafts of the cell membrane, is an active regulator of spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in the late pregnant mouse.

Compression ignition engines with ethyl alcohol as a fuel are associated with some problems. Because of ethyl alcohol has high self-ignition temperature. It can be used in compression engine by hot surface ignition method which is used to resolve the ignition of the fuel. The modification of the engine is carried out in such a way that a pre combustion chamber is designed in engine head with a provision for heat plug is made on the pre combustion chamber. A piston with squish plate is designed and thermally analyzed. The squish piston helps for attaining better homogeneous mixture than conventional piston. Thus the better combustion is obtained with the squish piston resulting with higher adiabatic flame temperature than the conventional piston. When air is inducted into the combustion chamber it is exposed to high temperature. Modifications for pure ethyl alcohol made significant improvement in thermal efficiency, torque and reduction in specific fuel consumption of an engine. The results exhibit a path toward ethyl alcohol has an effective alternative to conventional diesel engines.

This journal describes a study on the structural effects of DI diesel engine conventional piston and modified pistons. To enhance the combustion efficiency of the engine conventional piston has been modified as shallow depth piston bowl with swirling grooves on the piston crown. Three different widths (5.5mm, 6.5mm and 7.5mm) and constant depth (00 to 50) swirling grooves added on the shallow depth combustion chambered piston crown. The conventional piston and modified pistons has been modeled in CATIA software and structural analysis done in ANSYS 14. In structural analysis observed that deformation for the modified pistons are same and negligible as compared to the conventional piston.

Two different data variables may behave very similarly. Correlation is the problem of determining how much alike the two variables actually are and association rules are used just to show the relationships between data items. Mining fuzzy association rules is the job of finding the fuzzy item-sets which frequently occur together in large fuzzy data set, where the presence of one fuzzy item-set in a record does not necessarily imply the presence of the other one in the same record. In this paper a new method of discovering fuzzy association rules using fuzzy correlation rules is proposed, because the fuzzy support and confidence measures are insufficient at filtering out uninteresting fuzzy correlation rules. To tackle this weakness, a fuzzy correlation measure for fuzzy numbers, is used to augment the fuzzy support-confidence framework for fuzzy association rules. We have extended the Apriori algorithm to fuzzy multiple correlation analysis, which is the new approach presented in this paper comparing to most of the previous works. A practical study over the academic behaviour of a particular school is done and some valuable suggestions are given, based on the results obtained.

The salt water mixes with fresh water and forms brackish water. The brackish water contains some quantity of salt, but not equal to sea water. Salinity determines the geographic distribution of the number of marshes found in estuary. Hence salinity is a very important environmental factor in estuary system. Sand is one major natural aggregate, required in construction industry mainly for the manufacture of concrete. The availability of good river sand is reduced due to salinity. The quality of sand available from estuarine regions is adversely affected due to this reason. It is the responsibility of engineers to check the quality of sand and its strength parameters before using it for any construction purpose. Presence of salt content in natural aggregates or manufactured aggregates is the cause for corrosion in steel. In this study the amount of salinity present in estuary sand was determined. Three different methods were used to determine the salinity in different seasonal variations. The sand sample collected nearer to the sea was found to be high in salinity in all methods. It can be concluded that care should be taken before we use estuary sand as a construction material due to the presence of salinity.

Multiple shoots of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were induced from hypocotyl segments obtained from 1-week-old seedlings on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing benzyladenine (BA), isopentenyl adenine, and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). High frequency shoot proliferation (95 %) and maximum number of shoots per explant (10 ± 0.6) were recorded with 0.5 mg dm−3 BA in combination with 0.1 mg dm−3 NAA. A proliferation was achieved by repeatedly subculturing the nodal segments on shoot multiplication medium. About 95 % of the in vitro shoots developed roots after transfer to half strength MS medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (1.0 mg dm−3). 95 % of the plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. Transplanted plantlets showed normal flowering without any morphological variation.

A protocol has been developed for plantlet regeneration from seed callus of Bixa orellana L. Seeds demonstrated a high percentage of callus induction (63±7.3%) and a high yield (356±14.7 mg per seed) of white friable callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5.0 μM l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5μM N 6-benzyladenine (BA) within 6 wk of culture in the dark. Callus induction frequency was greater under 24h dark as compared to 16h light/8h dark photoperiod or 24h light photoperiod. Increased myo-inositol (MI: 200mgl−1) and addition of ascorbic acid (AA: 200 mgl−1) to the culture medium positively improved callus induction frequency and growth. Shoot differentiation from white friable seed callus was best using 10.0 μM BA and 5.0 μM NAA, where the highest percentage of calluses forming shools (74.9±4.8%), the highest number of shoots per callus (six or seven) and the highest shoot-forming index (5.0) were obtained within 6 wk. Shoots elongated to 4 cm within 4 wk of transfer onto MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Shoots were rooted using half-strength MS medium containing 5.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 85% of these plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil and organic manure after 3 wk of hardening. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform with normal leaf, shape and growth patterns. These plants are currently being screened for the presence of agronomically useful genetic variants.

A procedure was developed for plant regeneration of Hybanthus enneaspermus, a rare ethnobotanical herb from the Deccan peninsula in India, through seed-derived callus. Seeds demonstrated a high induction frequency (69.4±2.8%) and a high yield (364.4±2.5 mg) of light-yellow friable callus on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing 2.6 μm NAA and 2.2 μm BA within 4 weeks of incubation. After 1 year of subculture, yellow friable and light-green compact calli types were established from initial light-yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation was achieved from light-green compact callus, but not from yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation resulted when light-green compact callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 8.8 μm BA and 2.6 μm NAA; the highest percentage of calli forming shoots (66.6±4.8%) and the highest number of shoots (8.9±0.3) were achieved in this medium. Differentiated shoot buds elongated to 4–5 cm within 4 weeks. The addition of casein hydrolysate (500 mg/l) and more potassium phosphate (1.86 mm) to the culture medium enhanced shoot differentiation. Rooting was achieved on the shoots using half-strength MS medium containing 4.8 μm IBA. About 70% of the plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil after 2 weeks of hardening. The regenerated plants were morphologically uniform and exhibited normal seed set.

Interactive volume visualization of unstructured grid data is a much sought after, but as yet elusive, goal in many scientific visualization applications. We present an architecture that can possibly bring this goal within reach. In this architecture we combine the recently identified method of using texture mapping for volume rendering [R.A. Crawfis, N. Max, Texture Splats for 3D Scalar and Vector Field Visualization, Proceedings of Visualization '93, San Jose 1993, pp. 261–266; B. Cabral, N. Cam, J. Foran, Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Volume Visualization '94 1994, pp. 91–98.] with anti-aliased voxelization. We show how the proposed architecture can be implemented with simple extensions to existing high-end graphics systems, using the SGI Reality Engine (RE) as an example. The architecture has the advantage of providing both direct volume rendering and polygon based rendering at high performance levels on the same hardware platform. We present some simulation results that demonstrate the validity of our architecture.

Shoot proliferation was obtained from shoot tip and nodal bud explants ofSyzygium alternifolium (Wight) walp on modified Murashige and Skoogs medium (MS) supplemented with either BA, KN or AD alone or BA in combination with either IAA, NAA or IBA. A combination of BA and auxins produced more shoots from both types of explants than on the medium containing only cytokinins. The highest multiplication rate was achieved with nodal bud explants in presence of 17.7μM BA and 2.6μM NAA. Excised shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium with either IAA or IBA. The regenerated plantlets have been successfully acclimatized and transferred to soil. About 70% of plantlets have survived underex vitro conditions.

A new voxelization algorithm is presented for fast and accurate volume rendering of unstructured grids. All objects in the grid are reduced to voxels, and all the rendering is done on the voxel-volume. The algorithm is length, area and volume coherent and eliminates the need for sorting of polyhedra before rendering. All computations have been reduced to incremental computations in 1-D space.

Layered manufacturing (LM) technologies have revolutionized the prototyping of complex geometric designs, but still employ traditional CAD tools. A voxel-based approach is under development in a modeling tool called G-WoRP (Geometric Workbench for Rapid Prototyping), which is tuned toward fabrication with LM equipment. The user interacts with the workbench through an input layer that provides two major primitives-the slice and the voxel-and the operations that support them. An import facility also permits designs from other CAD systems. Central to the internal layer is V-Rep, a new representation scheme that provides an efficient interface among the various G-WoRP modules. The output layer gives the part description in a form suitable to the actual LM technology employed. It also supports a process description for manufacturing the part using traditional processes. The design and manufacturing phases do not require an explicit process-planning step because the design description of the part closely resembles the input description needed by the LM equipment. >