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OBJECTIVE--To describe the clinical assessment, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dorsal vein thrombosis of the penis (DVTP) and to observe its natural course over time. DESIGN--A descriptive study of six patients presenting with penile swelling to an STD clinic over a twenty month period. SUBJECTS--Six male patients between the ages of 22 and 46 years who self-presented to an STD clinic in Perth, Western Australia during a period from October 1991 to June 1993. METHODS--Initial history, examination and follow up were undertaken as routine for all STD clinic patients. This was supplemented with later exhaustive history taking; full cardiovascular, fundoscopic, abdominal and genital examination; blood screening for coagulation defects, glucose level, autoantibodies, ESR, urea, electrolytes, calcium, creatinine and liver function test; and duplex doppler ultrasound scanning. RESULTS--No consistent abnormalities were detected on clinical examination, nor on blood testing. Ultrasound revealed one case of rupture of the corpus cavernosum, with haematoma and thrombus formation. There were two cases of pure DVTP demonstrable with ultrasound and two cases in which spontaneous resolution of clinical DVTP has occurred. The sixth patient declined further investigation and followup, but also displayed the clinical features of DVTP. Coagulation abnormalities as seen in elevated antithrombin III levels are of unknown significance. CONCLUSIONS--DVTP and ruptured corpus cavernosum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gradual onset penile swelling and/or deformity. Its natural course tends to be one of spontaneous resolution. No sexual or urinary symptoms or dysfunction were experienced, even in the presence of persistent thrombus. Directed and specific investigation only, depending on the clinical state of the patient, should be carried out.

Seven ββ-dialkyl-α-aminopropionic acids, including five new compounds, have been synthesised as potential antiviral and antibacterial agents. None showed any significant activity against the Newcastle Disease virus in vitro. Several methods of preparation of the compounds have been investigated, and theories are advanced to explain the failure of some of these methods.

Conductivity data indicate that diazonium ions in acid solution conatitute the greater part of the diazonium-diazo equilibrium- these are stabilimd by kationoid and destabiliaed by anionoid substituenta. Tn alkaline solution, the more complex system- when disturbed (e.g. by evolution of nitrogen from (I), or by hydrolysis of (IXI), etc.), will them be further upset by the reactivity of (11) with the products from (I) and (111). Kationoid substituents will confer greater reactive power on the diazohydroxides (11) than anionoid aubstituenta, so that the ultimate rate of decomposition of the alkaline system will be enhanced in the revem direction to that in acid solution. This viewpoint explains Jolles' results, on the stability of alkaline diaaoates, and his work on diazo resins is also briefly discussed. (2) Unlike reduction of aromatic nitro compounds direct to aminen in acid solution, the reduction in alkaline media is complicated by the alrlol condelaeation of the second (nitroso) with the third (hydroxylamino) reduction product to form a latively stable azoxy compound. Anionoid substituents will, therefore, tend to inhibit further reduction by making the azoxy compound, and subsequently the azo compound, more anionoid towards the anionoid reducing agent, while kationoid substituents will have the reverse effect. The anomalous caae of the reduction of p-dinitrobeme by sodium hydrosulphidele mainly to pp′-dinitroazobenzeneis discussed, and found to depend on solvent ection on the nitro group.

Seven new dialkylaminobutyric acids have been synthesised as potential antiviral and antibacterial agents. None showed any significant activity against the Newcastle disease virus in vitro.

A staphylococcal strain which exhibited weak lytic reaction with group II phages was isolated from a newborn infant with a skin infection. Subsequent investigations established that this weakly reacting strain was responsible for an endemic level of infection and colonization within the hospital nursery. The use of consistently appearing weak lytic reactions in the evaluation of this episode is described.

Isomeric 2– and 4–azo–l–naphthylamines, formed by diazo coupling to i–naphthylamine and certain derivatives, are readily separated and estimated by chromatography on alumina columns. Pronounced differences in the ultraviolet spectra of such compounds provide a ready means of orientation. The analytical methods are applicable to very small quantities of material. Besides providing excellent techniques for investigating isomer distributions in diazo coupling to I–naphthylamine and its derivatives, they may find useful pharmacological applications. Ultraviolet spectra for a number of isomeric pairs are recorded, and the general characteristics of such spectra reported.

A fulminating septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus phage type 94/96(292) resulting in the death of a patient with no previous history of illness. This newly characterized strain is identified by an additional typing reaction with experimental phage 292. The prevalence of this strain is discussed.

A skin test-active fraction was isolated from the mycelial-phase cell walls of Coccidioides immitis. This alkali-soluble, water-soluble antigen (C-ASWS) elicited positive reactions in 22 of 24 (92%) of the Coccidioides-sensitized guinea pigs whereas only 14 (54%) of the same guinea pigs reacted to commercial coccidioidin (BioCox). None of the 21 Histoplasma-sensitized guinea pigs cross-reacted with the C-ASWS antigen. Footpad tests in mice actively infected with Coccidioides further established the efficacy of the C-ASWS antigen in eliciting a delayed-type hypersensitivity response. One-microgram doses of C-ASWS produced reactions comparable to 100-mug doses of nondialyzable coccidioidin (Smith's lot 64 D4). The C-ASWS fractions isolated from three different C. immitis strains showed similar reactivity in terms of the number of positive reactions produced in Coccidioides-sensitized guinea pigs. However, the induration responses (diameter in millimeters) elicited by the C-ASWS fraction of one strain were significantly less than those elicited by the C-ASWS fractions of the other two C. immitis strains.

Town gas can be made from almost any natural or manmade carbonaceous or hydrocarbon material. The principal basic materials used, however, are coal, hydrocarbon oils, and liquefied petroleum gases. (Tables 1 and 2.)

A brief description of the construction of an inexpensive integrated circuit mask fabrication facility is presented along with comments on operating procedures that have been found useful.

The chlorination of the N-acetyl derivatives of the fourteen possible nitronaphthylamines has been studied under a variety of conditons. Both substitution and addition processes occur; the latter have not been investigated in any detail. The reactivity and mode of substitution of the N-acetylnitronaphthylamines are compared to the behaviour of the parent naphthylamines, and also to other corresponding electrophilic substitutions. New compounds synthesised include thirteen mono- and di-chloronitronaphthylamines (and their acetyl derivatives), six diazonaphthols, and two tetrachloronaphthalenes.