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OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer (LC) is characterized by an aggressive phenotype with a high mortality rate, early metastasis,and proliferation rate. Treatment options and prognosis differ significantly at each stage. Despite the availability of multiple imaging studies and invasive procedures, the disorder is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, it is essential to find biomarkers for the early detection of LC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2018 and 2020, 73 LC and 71 control with the same demographic characteristics were included in our study. DR-70 level was measured by a photometric method in serum samples taken from all subjects. RESULTS: A total of 144 subjects (110 male, 34 female) was included in the study. DR-70 levels in the LC group (2.53±2.64 µg/mL) were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group (0.56±1.23 µg/mL). Clinical sensitivity and specificity of DR-70 for LC were found to be 87.67% and 88.73%. CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and specificity of DR-70 can be used as a biomarker for rapid diagnosis in patients with LC. Compared with other tumor biomarkers, DR-70 seems to have a better sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of LC.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative tele-nursing counseling on anxiety and patient satisfaction in day surgery., Design: Randomized controlled study design was employed., Methods: The study was conducted in a city hospital and a university hospital in Istanbul between July 2022 and May 2023 with patients who met the study criteria. The sample consisted of 160 patients in the experimental (n = 80) and control (n = 80) groups. In the first interview, the patients who came to be examined (experimental and control groups) were given the Descriptive Information Form and the Surgery-specific Anxiety Scale. The patients in the experimental group were given a training booklet and counseling with tele-nursing practice the day before the surgery, and the patients in the control group were given routine clinical follow-up and a training booklet. The patients (experimental and control) were given the Surgery-specific Anxiety Scale on the day they came for surgery before they were taken into surgery. After the surgery, the Patient's Perception of Nursing Care Scale was applied to the patients. The patients in the experimental group were also given the Tele-nursing Evaluation Form., Findings: As a result of the study, the patients in the experimental group who received tele-nursing counseling had lower levels of surgery-specific anxiety than the control group. Patients in the experimental group were statistically significantly more satisfied with nursing care., Conclusions: Providing preoperative tele-nursing counseling to patients scheduled for day surgery contributed to the reduction of anxiety and worry of the patients and increased the satisfaction of the patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None to report., (Copyright © 2024 The American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to comparatively evaluate postoperative pain, anxiety, and sleep quality in patients after robotic-assisted and manual total knee replacement surgery. Patients who underwent either robotic or manual total knee replacement (TKR) surgery were analyzed in this cross-sectional observational study. Volunteers who were conscious, mentally healthy, without primary sleep disorders, without chronic uncontrolled diseases, 18 years of age or older, able to understand verbal warnings, and who agreed to participate in the study after being informed about the purpose of the study were included in the study. A total of 80 patients who underwent robotic-assisted TKR and 87 patients who underwent manual TKR were participated in the study. Data were collected using the "Patient Description Form" Visual Analog Scale, Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale, and State Anxiety Scale. All patients were operated on by the same physicians and received standard perioperative care. In the study, a statistically significant difference was found between the education level of the patients and the type of surgery (p = 0.007). According to the average scores, it was observed that the patients in the robotic group had higher pain levels, better sleep quality, and higher anxiety levels compared to the manual group. There was a significant correlation between the level of pain felt on the 1st and 2nd day (p =  < 0.001) and state anxiety levels with gender (p = 0.010) in the robotic group. For the robotic group, pain on day 2 was mostly affected by pain on day 1 and state anxiety. For the manual group, pain on day 2 was mostly affected by pain on day 1. According to our results, patients who underwent robotic-assisted TKR had higher pain levels, better sleep quality, and higher anxiety levels than patients who underwent manual TKR., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Thirst, is a subjective symptom that has a high incidence in the early postoperative period and causes patients to experience intense discomfort., Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine thirst and the factors affecting thirst in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery., Design: The research was carried out as a descriptive-cross sectional study with 177 patients between September 2021 and January 2022., Methods: Data were collected using the "Descriptive and clinical features form," "Thirst and Symptoms Associated with Thirst Evaluation Form." For descriptive analysis, frequency, percentage distribution, mean, and minimum-maximum values were analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the data according to the groups. Before starting the research, necessary ethics committee and institutional permission were obtained., Findings: The mean perioperative thirst time of the patients was 15.25 ± 3.61 hours and the mean anesthesia time was 2.32 ± 1.13 hours. When the perioperative thirst duration was compared with the type of surgery, duration of operation, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, duration of fasting, intubation and duration of stay in PACU, there was a statistical significance between them (P > .05)., Conclusions: The most common symptoms in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were thirst and dry mouth. Surgery type, operation duration, anesthesia type, anesthesia duration, fasting duration, intubation status and duration of stay in PACU were the factors affecting the perioperative thirst status of the patients., (Copyright © 2022 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to perform Turkish adaptation and validation of NOC (1102) Wound Healing: Primary Intent and examine wound healing in patients with hip prosthesis diagnosed with impaired tissue integrity., Method: The study was carried out in methodological and descriptive design, and the sample of the study consisted of 55 patients. Introductory Characteristics Form and Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC Form were used for data collection. Ethical consent was obtained before initiating the study., Findings: In the study, content validity index value of the NOC scale was calculated was 95.71%. Looking at NOC scale indicators for postoperative day 1, 2, and 7 and the distribution of the total mean scores, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores over time (p = 0.000). It was found that patients with chronic disease had lower NOC scale scores and wound healing was slower on the postoperative first day compared to the patients with no chronic diseases (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was concluded that the Turkish version of the Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale was a valid tool for evaluating the location of the wound in patients with hip prosthesis, the presence of chronic diseases affected wound healing, and mean scores obtained by the patients in NOC scale increased over time with a good progress in terms of wound healing., Implications of Nursing Practice: With the use of Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale, a common language will be formed in the evaluation of the wound site of patients undergoing hip prosthesis., (© 2021 NANDA International, Inc.)

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Ques-tionnaire (PMSEQ)., Methods: The study was carried out descriptively and methodologically between September and December 2018 with 214 nurses and 248 nursing students. The data were collected using the descriptive characteristics form and the PMSEQ., Results: Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.90 in the total scale. In repeated measurements to test time reliability, there was no statistically significant difference between the two measurements (t=0.320, p=0.751), and there were a high power and positively highly significant relationship (r=0.997, p<0.001)., Conclusion: Turkish version of the PMSEQ can be used as a valid and reliable scale in assessing the self-efficacy of clinical nurses and nursing students in pain management.

Operating room nurses often face acute or chronic back and low back pains, shoulder and neck injuries. In recent years, the use of complementary and alternative treatment methods has been increasing due to the fact that pharmacological treatment cannot control the pain in general, and its various side effects and cost. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on low back pain of operating room nurses. This quasiexperimental study was conducted with 38 operating room nurses. The nurses in the experimental group were given a 30-minute reflexology protocol once a week for 4 weeks and their pain levels were assessed again at week 5. The control group nurses did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using a demographic information form and a visual analog scale (VAS). The low back pain of the nurses in the reflexology group decreased significantly at week 5 compared with week 1, whereas the severity of low back pain of the nurses in the control group did not change between weeks 1 and 5. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the mean VAS pain score at week 1. However, the nurses in the reflexology group had significantly lower VAS pain mean scores at week 5 than the control group. In this study, reflexology significantly reduced the pain of nurses who had low back pain. Therefore, reflexology might be useful in controlling low back pain of operating room nurses., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the application of a heating pad on the sacral region on pain and anxiety during a transrectal prostate biopsy., Design: This was a quasi-experimental study., Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Urology Outpatient Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. A total of 40 males were nonrandomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). A heating pad (40-45°C) was applied to the sacral region of the patients in the experimental group during transrectal prostate biopsy. Data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and visual analogue scale (VAS)., Results: It was detected that the mean scores of the BAI were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < .001). The scores of the VAS were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control (p = .016)., Conclusion: Applying a heating pad to the sacral region during a transrectal prostate biopsy is an effective non-pharmacologic method to increase patient comfort and reduce pain and anxiety., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube videos related to pelvic floor muscle exercise training., Method: This study was carried out on the descriptive model in order to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of the videos on YouTube related to pelvic floor muscle exercise training. "Pelvic floor muscle exercise" was searched on YouTube in English in March 2020, and a total of 107 videos were watched. Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) survey was used to analyze the videos in terms of their reliabilities, and Global Quality Score (GQS) was used to evaluate their qualities., Results: When the contents of 59 videos included in the study were examined, it was determined that 52 of them contained useful information and 7 of them contained misleading information. Comprehensiveness mean scores, DISCERN mean scores and GQS means of the useful videos were found to be statistically higher than that of the moderate and misleading videos (p < 0.05).When videos were analyzed according to the publishing sources, 84.62% (44/52) of the useful videos and 85.71% (6/7) of misleading video were observed to be published by independent health information websites. No statistically significant difference was found between the overall comprehensiveness mean scores, DISCERN mean scores, GQS means and the features of the videos according to their publishing sources., Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the vast majority of YouTube videos on pelvic floor muscle exercise training were useful videos; the vast majority of these videos were published by independent health information websites and contained moderately safe, accurate and quality information.

Gum chewing is known to have a positive effect on intestinal motility. Most studies have examined its effect on ileus, but there has been no discussion of the effects of polyethylene glycol used in preparation for colonoscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gum chewing on abdominal pain and nausea caused by polyethylene glycol solution used for intestinal cleansing before colonoscopy. The study was planned as a single-center, randomized, controlled experimental study. The research sample was determined using power analysis (n = 60). Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomized into the experimental and control groups. Patients in the gum group chewed mint-flavored sugar-free gum for 20 minutes every 2 hours until the start of colonoscopy after consuming 2 L of polyethylene glycol solution. Patients in the control group drank only polyethylene glycol solution. Examination of precolonoscopy pain and nausea revealed a statistically significant difference in the gum chewing group (p < .05). Patients using sugar-free gum experienced statistically significant fewer problems after colonoscopy. Gum chewing had a positive effect on abdominal pain and nausea. There are no drawbacks to presolution chewing, and it may be recommended for patients.

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the opinions and practices of sophomore nursing students about preoperative patient safety., Method: This descriptive study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 by attendance of 219 sophomore nursing students who are practicing in the surgery departments of two university hospitals and meet the criteria of the study. For collection of data, the data collection form was used, which has been developed by the researchers in line with the literature and includes two parts. The necessary institutions and ethics committee permits were obtained before starting the research. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis., Results: It was found out that the average age of the attending students was 20.29±1.65 (years) and 50.2% of them have chosen the profession because of high employment opportunity. It was found that, of the students, 33.8% have taken lesson for patient safety and 26.9% have participated in training events such as seminars, courses, etc. about patient safety. When the situation of carrying out the preoperative patient safety practices by them, it was found that the first three preoperative practices carried out by the students attended the study were measurement of vital signs, checking patient identification and verification of the operation site respectively., Conclusion: In this study, it was found out that the majority of students did not participate in any training program for preoperative patient safety; however, they performed some applications for patient safety. In line with these results, it can be suggested to increase the knowledge of preoperative patient safety practices by organizing training activities for patient safety and by ensuring the participation of students in these activities and comparing the information and application levels of the larger sample groups with all classes., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2019 Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing.)

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of educating nurses on preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients who undergo hip fracture surgery., Background: Urinary tract infections after hip fracture surgery are observed at a rate of 12% to 61%, and the most important risk factor associated with urinary tract infection is considered to be the presence of urinary catheters. Nurse education about the use and management of urinary catheters is important to decrease the risk of urinary tract infections., Design: The study was semi-experimental., Methods: The study was conducted in an orthopedics and traumatology clinic of a training hospital between January 2014-December 2015. After a power analysis was performed, a total of 60 patients fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study, with n = 30 in the pre-education group and n = 30 in the posteducation group. Nurses who worked in the orthopedics and traumatology clinic of the military hospital were the target population, and 18 nurses who consented to join the study constituted the sample. The "Patient Monitoring Form," "Nurse Information Form" and "Daily Urinary Catheter Assessment Tool" were used as data collection tools., Results: The mean pre-education knowledge score of the nurses was found to be 68.05 ± 10.69, while the mean posteducation score was 95.13 ± 6.27. The mean catheter duration decreased from 11.06 ± 6.34 days-3.83 ± 0.95 days after the education. The catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate decreased by 9.37 per thousand., Conclusion: Educating nurses on preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients who underwent hip fracture surgery significantly decreased the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and the duration of catheterisation., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The systematic and comprehensive education of all healthcare professionals and the development and practice of catheter removal protocols could contribute to the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The case relates to a bookstore owner claiming that two DM-41 hand grenades were exploded simultaneously in his store. There were three males together at the store when the explosion occurred. One was the owner who claimed that he escaped after the explosion without any harm; the other was at the corner lying down to prevent his body from the explosion effect. He survived with very minor, almost no effects., Case Presentation: According to the hospital report, it was stated that "cuts on the right femur with sizes of 0.5x2 and 0.5x1 cm and one cut of 0.5x2,0 cm on the left food which are curable with simple medical intervention; generalized skin erosions on body with the sizes between 0,5 to 1,0 cm"; the third male was standing and killed. He was next to the lying down male. At the autopsy report it was stated that the he was killed due to the shrapnel/fragmentation effect, breaks on humerus, radius, femur and cranium; cerebral and internal hemorrhage. The males witnessed at the court that they had survived with no vital damage on their bodies, they had seen the perpetrators and heard them talking. With the fact that the deceased male was intensively affected with the fragmentation/shrapnel due to the autopsy report, it was the court's wonder if it is possible for the survived men to have no or very minor nonfatal fragmentation effect on their bodies even being in the same room with the deceased., Conclusion: It was mainly aimed to test the fragmentation effect of 2 DM-41 defence hand grenades when detonated in a closed environment (an empty room with the approximately same size of the related case). The test room was empty with no secondary fragmentation sources as window glasses etc. 3 male mannequins were used as test materials. With the post blast reconstruction of the crime scene, it was aimed to determine if the test results and the autopsy report are very coherent and the persons having the direct blast effect would be expected having maximum exposure to the fragmentation.

Background and Objectives: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may cause postoperative residual curarization when they are used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular blockade by chemical encapsulation and is not associated with the side effects that may occur with the use of anticholinesterase agents. Because of increased outpatient surgical procedures postoperative residual curarization and rapid postoperative recovery have a greater importance in the pediatric patient population. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sugammadex and neostigmine on reversing neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients undergoing outpatient surgical procedures., Methods: 80 patients, aged 2-12 years, scheduled for outpatient surgery were enrolled in this randomized prospective study. Neuromuscular blockade was achieved with 0.6mgkg(-1) rocuronium and monitorized with train-of-four. Group RN (n=40) received 0.03mgkg(-1) neostigmine, Group RS (n=40) received 2mgkg(-1) sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium. Extubation time (time from the reversal of neuromuscular blockade to extubation), train-of-four ratio during this time, time to reach train-of-four>0.9, and probable complications were recorded., Results: There was no significant difference between the patients' characteristics. Extubation time and time to reach train-of-four>0.9 were significantly higher in Group RN (p=0.001, p=0.002). Train-of-four at the time of neostigmine/sugammadex injection in Group RN were significantly higher than in the RS group (p=0.020). Extubation train-of-four ratio was significantly lower in Group RN (p=0.002)., Conclusion: Sugammadex provides safer extubation with a shorter recovery time than neostigmine in pediatric patients undergoing outpatient surgical procedures., (Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study examines the risk of falling in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in the orthopaedic clinic during the postoperative period. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 71 elderly patients aged more than 65 years undergoing hip fracture surgery. A questionnaire, the Tinetti balance test and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were used. RESULTS The analyses included 71 elderly patients with a mean age of 78.45 years. All patients had been hospitalized for hip fracture due to falling, and 29.6% had a history of falling in the one year prior to hospitalization. The mean MMSE score was 18.37 ± 6.54 and the mean Tinetti score was 11.10 ± 6.66. CONCLUSION We found that as the mean age of the elderly patients increased, the risk of falling also increased and the MMSE scores deteriorate and that the elderly patients living alone were at a greater risk of falling and had worse cognitive function, that those with a history of falling before hospitalization were at a greater risk of falling again and that the risk of falling increased as cognitive function declined. Key words:elderly, falling, hip fracture, risk of falling.

This study was carried out on nine 3-5-year-old rams of different species: four Norduz, two Karakas, and three Ile de France × Akkaraman rams. Sperm of each ram was collected by means of an artificial vagina once per month from June to October 2007. In each case, the sperm volume, pH, viscosity, mass activity, motility, concentration, abnormal spermatozoa ratio, and the sperm death/live ratio were recorder along with the animals' testis diameter and scrotum circumferences. The concentrations of calcium, potassium, copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc levels in seminal plasma were determined. There were changes in the measured parameters according to genotype and time of sampling, which can be useful for better planning of anestrous mating programs for these ram species.

As part of a program to investigate the use of biological nitrogen fixation for fertilizer ammonia production, an investigation into the immobilization of the aerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Azotobacter vinelandii was undertaken. Immobilization was acaccomplished by adsorption onto an anionic exchange cellulose (Cellex E) with loadings as high as 10'' cells/g resin. Immobilized cell preparations were tested under both batch and continuous-flow conditions. Nitrogenase activities as high as 4200 nmol/min g resin were observed as measured by the acetylene reduction assay. Immobilized cells retained their activity for as long as 117 hr in a continuous-flow reactor. Activity loss appeared to be related to the development of a variant strain.