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1. Long-term drought and risk of infant mortality in Africa: A cross-sectional study.

Author

Pin Wang, Tormod Rogne, Joshua L Warren, Ernest O Asare, Robert A Akum, N'datchoh E Toure, Joseph S Ross, and Kai Chen

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundAs extreme events such as drought and flood are projected to increase in frequency and intensity under climate change, there is still large missing evidence on how drought exposure potentially impacts mortality among young children. This study aimed to investigate the association between drought and risk of infant mortality in Africa, a region highly vulnerable to climate change that bears the heaviest share of the global burden.Methods and findingsIn this cross-sectional study, we obtained data on infant mortality in 34 African countries during 1992-2019 from the Demographic and Health Surveys program. We measured drought by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at a timescale of 24 months and a spatial resolution of 10 × 10 km, which was further dichotomized into mild and severe drought. The association between drought exposure and infant mortality risk was estimated using Cox regression models allowing time-dependent covariates. We further examined whether the association varied for neonatal and post-neonatal mortality and whether there was a delayed association with drought exposure during pregnancy or infancy. The mean (standard deviation) number of months in which children experienced any drought during pregnancy and survival period (from birth through death before 1 year of age) was 4.6 (5.2) and 7.3 (7.4) among cases and non-cases, respectively. Compared to children who did not experience drought, we did not find evidence that any drought exposure was associated with an increased risk of infant mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 1.04], p = 0.072). When stratified by drought severity, we found a statistically significant association with severe drought (HR: 1.04; 95% CI [1.01, 1.07], p = 0.015), but no significant association with mild drought (HR: 1.01; 95% CI [0.99, 1.03], p = 0.353), compared to non-exposure to any drought. However, when excluding drought exposure during pregnancy, the association with severe drought was found to be non-significant. In addition, an increased risk of neonatal mortality was associated with severe drought (HR: 1.05; 95% CI [1.01, 1.10], p = 0.019), but not with mild drought (HR: 0.99; 95% CI [0.96, 1.02], p = 0.657).ConclusionsExposure to long-term severe drought was associated with increased infant mortality risk in Africa. Our findings urge more effective adaptation measures and alleviation strategies against the adverse impact of drought on child health.

Published
2025
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3. SIMULATING THE IMPACT OF VARYING VEGETATION ON WEST AFRICAN MONSOON SURFACE FLUXES USING A REGIONAL CONVECTION-PERMITTING MODEL

Author

Adama Bamba, Kouakou Kouadio, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Lawrence Jackson, John Marsham, Alex Roberts, Masaru Yoshioka, Sandrine Anquetin, Arona Diedhiou, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), University of Leeds, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Seasonal vegetation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, evapotranspiration, Precipitation, 40 heat fluxes, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, convection-permitting
Abstract

This study assessed the sensitivity of West African climate to varying vegetation fractions. The assessment of a such relationship is critical in understanding the interactions between land surface and atmosphere. Two sets of convection-permitting simulations from the UK Met Office Unified Model at 12 km horizontal resolution covering the monsoon period May-September (MJJAS) were used, one with fixed vegetation fraction (MF-V) and the other with time-varying vegetation fraction (MV-V). Vegetation fractions are based on MODIS retrievals between May and September. We focused on three climatic zones over West Africa: Guinea Coast, Sudanian Sahel, and the Sahel while investigating heat fluxes, temperature, and evapotranspiration. Results reveal that latent heat fluxes are the most strongly affected by vegetation fraction over the Sahelian and Sudanian regions while sensible heat fluxes are more impacted over the Guinea Coast and Sudanian Sahel. Also, in MV-V simulation there is an increase in evapotranspiration mainly over the Sahel and some specific areas in Guinea Coast from June to September. Moreover, it is noticed that high near surface temperature is associated with a weak vegetation fraction, especially during May and June. Finally, varying vegetation seems to improve the simulation of surface energy fluxes and in turn impact on climate parameters. This suggests that climate modellers should prioritise the use of varying vegetation option to improve the representation of the West African climate system.

Published
2023

5. Influence of initial soil moisture in a regional climate model study over West Africa - Part 1: Impact on the climate mean

Author

Brahima Koné, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Arsène Kobea, Arona Diedhiou, Sandrine Anquetin, Adama Bamba, Adama Diawara, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Horizontal resolution, Technology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric sciences, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, West africa, Environmental sciences, Field capacity, Troposphere, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental science, GE1-350, Climate model, Precipitation, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Water content, Climate extremes, TD1-1066
Abstract

The impact of soil moisture initial conditions on the mean climate over West Africa was examined using the latest version of the regional climate model of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (RegCM4) at a 25 km horizontal resolution. The soil moisture reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis of the 20th century (ERA-20C) was used to initialize the control experiment, while its minimum and maximum values over the entire domain were used to establish the respective initial dry and wet soil moisture conditions (hereafter referred to as dry and wet experiments, respectively). For the respective control, wet and dry experiments, an ensemble of five runs from June to September was performed. In each experiment, we analyzed the two idealized simulations most sensitive to the dry and wet soil moisture initial conditions. The impact of soil moisture initial conditions on precipitation in West Africa is linear over the Central and West Sahel regions, where dry (wet) experiments lead to a rainfall decrease (increase). The strongest precipitation increase is found over the West Sahel for wet experiments, with a maximum change value of approximately 40 %, whereas the strongest precipitation decrease is found for dry experiments over the Central Sahel, with a peak change of approximately −4 %. The sensitivity of soil moisture initial conditions can persist for 3–4 months (90–120 d) depending on the region. However, the influence on precipitation is no longer than 1 month (between 15 and 30 d). The strongest temperature decrease is located over the Central and West Sahel, with a maximum change of approximately −1.5 ∘C in wet experiments, whereas the strongest temperature increase is found over the Guinea coast and Central Sahel for the dry experiments, with a maximum change of around 0.6 ∘C. A significant impact of soil moisture initial conditions on the surface energy fluxes is noted: in the wet (dry) experiments, a cooling (warming) of the surface temperature is associated with a decrease (increase) in sensible heat flux, an increase (decrease) in latent heat flux and a decrease (increase) in the boundary layer depth. Part 2 of this study (Koné et al., 2022) investigates the influence of soil moisture initial conditions on climate extremes.

Published
2022
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6. Road traffic emission inventory in an urban zone of West Africa : case of Yopougon City (Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire)

Author

Kouakou Kouadio, Maurin Zouzoua, Madina Doumbia, Alima Dajuma, Adjon A. Kouassi, Arona Diedhiou, Siélé Silué, N’Datchoh E. Toure, E. Assamoi, Sekou Keita, Catherine Liousse, Véronique Yoboué, Adama Bamba, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly (UPGC), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, vehicle emission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, local fuel consumption, road traffic, road segment, traffic volume, air pollution, Yopougon, Air pollution, Taxis, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Cote d ivoire, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Technology, 12. Responsible consumption, Traffic volume, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Emission inventory, Engineering (miscellaneous), Road traffic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, lcsh:T, Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Public transport, Fuel efficiency, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

International audience; Road traffic emission inventories based on bottom-up methodology, are calculated for each road segment from fuel consumption and traffic volume data obtained during field measurements in Yopougon. High emissions of black carbon (BC) from vehicles are observed at major road intersections, in areas surrounding industrial zones and on highways. Highest emission values from road traffic are observed for carbon monoxide (CO) (14.8 t/d) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (7.9 t/d), usually considered as the major traffic pollution tracers. Furthermore, peak values of CO emissions due to personal cars (PCs) are mainly linked to the old age of the vehicle fleet with high emission factors. The highest emitting type of vehicle for BC on the highway is PC (70.2%), followed by inter-communal taxis (TAs) (13.1%), heavy vehicles (HVs) (9.8%), minibuses (GBs) (6.4%) and intra-communal taxis (WRs) (0.4%). While for organic carbon (OC) emissions on the main roads, PCs represent 46.7%, followed by 20.3% for WRs, 14.9% for TAs, 11.4% for GB and 6.7% for HVs. This work provides new key information on local pollutant emissions and may be useful to guide mitigation strategies such as modernizing the vehicle fleet and reorganizing public transportation, to reduce emissions and improve public health.

Published
2021
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7. Effect of the African greenbelt position on West African summer climate: a regional climate modeling study

Author

Mamadou Simina Drame, Abdourahamane Konaré, Ismaila Diallo, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Madina Doumbia, Moustapha Tall, Siélé Silué, Kouakou Kouadio, Arona Diedhiou, Adama Bamba, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), 0207 environmental engineering, Reforestation, 02 engineering and technology, Albedo, Evergreen, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Boreal, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, Precipitation, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This modeling study is conducted to examine the potential impact of the reforestation (greenbelt) location (either in Sahel or in Guinean region) on West Africansummer climate system. To this end, three simulations using the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis were performed at 50km horizontal resolution over a West African domain for the period 2000-2011. The first experiment, namely the control (CTRL), uses the standard vegetation cover, while the two others incorporate throughout the model integration, a zonal reforestation band of evergreen broadleaf over different locations: (i) over a 13 degrees N-17 degrees N band latitudes in a Sahel-Sahara region (experiment hereafter referred to as GB15N) and (ii) between 8.5 degrees N-11.5 degrees N in the Guinea Coast region (experiment hereafter referred to as GB10N). A comparison of the CTRL experiment with observation reveals a faithful reproduction of the mean boreal and summer seasonal precipitation pattern, though substantial dry/wet biases remain, especially in the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, the seasonal cycle over sub-regions matches satisfactory the observed pattern. The GB15N reforestation leads to a precipitation increase in the range of 2-4mm/day over the forested areas, whereas in the GB10N reforestation, precipitation increase is weaker and not necessarily located in the forested areas. Temperature cooling is observed over the reforested area and may be explained by a decrease of ground heat flux related to a reduction of the surface albedo.

Published
2018
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8. Impact du nombre d’interventions infirmières sur la durée d’administration des catécholamines chez les patients de réanimation : étude INTERVAL

Author

F. Merand, S. Dame, Siobhan Rodriguez, N. Belaizi, L. Laurent-Taluy, Gertrud Müller, G. Jacq, J. Domitien, Nadia Aissaoui, Florence Boissier, C. Garin, J. Dauvergne, S. Bejaud, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Olfa Hamzaoui, V. Chauvin, S. Payen, E. Villette, Philippe Michel, A. Kimoune, F. Brouard, C. Boulinguiez, David Grimaldi, Francyelle de Mello Pereira, G. Decormeille, M. Simon, D. Da Silva, T. Rodriguez, L. Legrain, J.-B. Lascarroux, Gaël Piton, A. Youssoufa, S. Turia, G. Fouquet, S. Barbar, A. Joosten, S. Ory, S. Papin, C. Corrolleur, Y. Macciotta, E. Toure, A. Mengus, and Sami Hraiech

Subjects
Emergency Medicine, Emergency Nursing
Abstract

Objectifs : Bien que quotidiennement géré par les infirmier(ière)s diplômé(e)s d’État (IDE) de réanimation, le sevrage des catécholamines a rarement été étudié. L’hypothèse de notre étude était que l’augmentation du nombre d’interventions menées sur la vitesse de perfusion des catécholamines permettait de raccourcir la durée d’administration de celles-ci. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective observationnelle dans 21 réanimations. Tous les patients traités par vasopresseurs pendant la période d’étude ont été inclus. Le nombre d’interventions effectuées par l’IDE en charge du patient sur la vitesse d’administration des catécholamines était noté toutes les quatre heures. La posologie de catécholamines en cours ainsi que la pression artérielle moyenne (PAM) du patient étaient également relevées. Les facteurs influençant la rapidité du sevrage des catécholamines étaient également analysés. Résultats : Nous avons inclus 226 patients dont l’âge moyen était de 65 ± 14 ans. La durée moyenne du traitement par catécholamines était de 71,6 (±81) heures. Le nombre d’interventions IDE par quatre heures était de 1,9 (±2,8) intervention. La durée du traitement par catécholamines était significativement moindre lorsque le nombre d’interventions augmentait (p = 0,04). L’existence d’un protocole spécifique à la gestion des catécholamines raccourcissait leur durée de sevrage. Un IGS2 élevé, une PAM élevée ainsi que la période diurne étaient associés à une augmentation du nombre des interventions IDE. Conclusion : Le nombre d’interventions par les IDEs menées sur la perfusion de catécholamines était inversement lié à la durée du traitement par catécholamines. Des études complémentaires permettront d’évaluer l’impact de ces interventions sur le pronostic des patients.

Published
2018
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9. School on climate and environmental modelling in the West African region

Author

Arona Diedhiou, Fabien Solmon, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Florent Adiamonon, and Graziano Giuliani

Subjects
West african, Environmental modelling, Geography, lcsh:Environmental pollution, business.industry, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Environmental resource management, lcsh:Q, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, lcsh:Science, business, Pollution
Published
2019
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10. Emissions from the Road Traffic of West African Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption

Author

Madina Doumbia, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Siélé Silue, Véronique Yoboue, Arona. Diedhiou, and Célestin Hauhouot

Subjects
fuel consumption, Yopougon, lcsh:T, urban transport, lcsh:Technology, traffic flows, West African cities, emission inventories
Abstract

Traffic source emission inventories for the rapidly growing West African urban cities are necessary for better characterization of local vehicle emissions released into the atmosphere of these cities. This study is based on local field measurements in Yopougon (Abidjan, C&ocirc, te d&rsquo, Ivoire) in 2016, a site representative of anthropogenic activities in West African cities. The measurements provided data on vehicle type and age, traveling time, fuel type, and estimated amount of fuel consumption. The data revealed high traffic flow of personal cars on highways, boulevards, and backstreets, whereas high flows of intra-communal sedan taxis were observed on main and secondary roads. In addition, the highest daily fuel consumption value of 56 L&middot, day&minus, 1 was recorded for heavy vehicles, while the lowest value of 15 L&middot, 1 was recorded for personal cars using gasoline. This study is important for the improvement of uncertainties related to the different databases used to estimate emissions either in national or international reports. This work provides useful information for future studies on urban air quality, climate, and health impact assessments in African cities. It may also be useful for policy makers to support implementation of emission reduction policies in West African cities.

Published
2018
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11. Emissions from the Road Traffic of West Africa’s Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption

Author

Siélé Silué, Arona Diedhiou, Madina Doumbia, Celestin A. Hauhouot, Véronique Yoboué, and N’Datchoh E. Toure

Subjects
Fuel efficiency, Environmental science, Road traffic, Agricultural economics, atmospheric_science, West africa
Abstract

Traffic source emissions inventories for the rapidly growing West African urban cities are necessary for better local characterization of vehicle emissions released into these cities atmosphere. This study based on local field campaign in a representative site of anthropogenic activities over West African cities such as Yopougon (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire) during 2016, provided useful information on vehicle type and age, traveling time, fuel type and amount for fuel consumption estimation. Also, high traffic flow of personal car were recorded on highway, boulevard and backstreet whereas high flows of intra-communal sedan taxi are recorded on main and secondary roads. In addition, the highest daily fuel consumption value of 56 L.day-1 was recorded in heavy vehicle while the lowest value of 15 L.day-1 is recorded for personal car using gasoline. This study will be useful for the improvement of uncertainties related to the different databases used to estimate inventories emissions either national or international reports. This work provides useful information for future studies on urban air quality, climate and health impacts assessment in African cities. It may also be useful for policy makers to support implementation of emission reduction policy in West African cities.

Published
2018

12. Saharan Dust

Author

Siélé Silué, N’Datchoh E. Toure, and Abdourahamane Konaré

Subjects
Mineral dust
Published
2016
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13. Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming

Author

Moctar Camara, David P. Rowell, Richard Wartenburger, Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla, Laure Tall, Arona Diedhiou, Benjamin Ngounou Ngatchah, Ismaila Diallo, François Affholder, Stella Todzo, Ndjido Ardo Kane, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Adeline Bichet, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Mean radiant temperature, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Changement climatique, Précipitation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Global warming, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Central africa, Température, 020801 environmental engineering, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Réchauffement global, Climate extremes
Abstract

International audience; In this study, we investigate changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over West and Central Africa (hereafter, WAF domain) as a function of global mean temperature with a focus on the implications of global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C according the Paris Agreement. We applied a scaling approach to capture changes in climate extremes with increase in global mean temperature in several subregions within the WAF domain: Western Sahel, Central Sahel, Eastern Sahel, Guinea Coast and Central Africa including Congo Basin. While there are several uncertainties and large ensemble spread in the projections of temperature and precipitation indices, most models show high-impact changes in climate extremes at subregional scale. At these smaller scales, temperature increases within the WAF domain are projected to be higher than the global mean temperature increase (at 1.5 °C and at 2 °C) and heat waves are expected to be more frequent and of longer duration. The most intense warming is observed over the drier regions of the Sahel, in the central Sahel and particularly in the eastern Sahel, where the precipitation and the soil moisture anomalies have the highest probability of projected increase at a global warming of 1.5 °C. Over the wetter regions of the Guinea Coast and Central Africa, models project a weak change in total precipitation and a decrease of the length of wet spells, while these two regions have the highest increase of heavy rainfall in the WAF domain at a global warming of 1.5 °C. Western Sahel is projected by 80% of the models to experience the strongest drying with a significant increase in the length of dry spells and a decrease in the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. This study suggests that the ‘dry gets drier, wet gets wetter’ paradigm is not valid within the WAF domain.

Published
2018
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14. Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Impact of Saharan and Sahelian Dust

Author

N’Datchoh E. Toure, Abdourahamane Konaré, and Siélé Silué

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Article Subject, Seasonality, lcsh:QC851-999, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, Pollution, AERONET, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Geophysics, Geography, Deposition (aerosol physics), Climatology, medicine, Period (geology), Spatial variability, Climate model, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology
Abstract

The Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa are important sources of dust particles into the atmosphere. Dust particles from these regions are transported over the Atlantic Ocean to the Eastern American Coasts. This transportation shows temporal and spatial variability and often reaches its peak during the boreal summer (June-July-August). The regional climate model (RegCM 4.0), containing a module of dust emission, transport, and deposition processes, is used in this study. Saharan and Sahelian dusts emissions, transports, and climatic impact on precipitations during the spring (March-April-May) and summer (June-July-August) were studied using this model. The results showed that the simulation were coherent with observations made by the MISR satellite and the AERONET ground stations, within the domain of Africa (Banizoumba, Cinzana, and M’Bour) and Ragged-point (Barbados Islands). The transport of dust particles was predominantly from North-East to South-West over the studied period (2005–2010). The seasonality of dust plumes’ trajectories was influenced by the altitudes reached by dusts in the troposphere. The impact of dusts on climate consisted of a cooling effect both during the boreal summer and spring over West Africa (except Southern-Guinea and Northern-Liberia), Central Africa, South-America, and Caribbean where increased precipitations were observed.

Published
2012

15. TH-302 + Gemcitabine (G + T) vs Gemcitabine (G) in Patients with Previously Untreated advanced Pancreatic Cancer (PAC)

Author

Alain Duhamel, A. Tsuburaya, Mali Okada, S. Kuwabara, H. Hasegawa, A.L. Cohn, Anne Thirot-Bidault, J.R. Delgado, O.U. Unal, J. Isaacson, S. Khudayorov, Sue Ward, N. Mueller, Riccardo Lencioni, Giovanni Abbadessa, D. Takahari, T. Watanabe, Luca Faloppi, Y. Hamamoto, Julia Hocke, Elwyn Loh, M. Aizawa, E. Trejo, A. Novarino, A. Ohtsu, K. Okita, M.J. Flor, Riccardo Giampieri, C. Rose, D. Gonzalez-De-Castro, H. Isayama, M. Esaki, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, S. Cereda, S. Hironaka, A. Sawaki, I. Iwanicki-Caron, L. Ferrari, J. Stephenson, F. Gerevini, E. Francois, T. Okusaka, S. De Minicis, Cristian Loretelli, S.Y. Roh, A. González-Vicente, F. Richard, H. Tuyev, A. Laforest, K. Lin, M. Milic´evic´, Chunming Li, Wolfgang Eisterer, P. Basile, Mohamed Gasmi, S. Hazama, M. Botta, Seiji Kawazoe, Jean-Luc Raoul, Y. Jiang, I. Trouilloud, B. Nagy, E. del Valle, Satoshi Yuki, K.W. Park, Hanno Riess, M. Bartosiewicz, L. Rolfe, H. Fang, E. Gardner, A. Benedetti, A. Carrato, E. Vasile, Takayuki Kii, N. Suzuki, Y. Shimada, S.F. Ang, S. Fushida, V. Vaccaro, Y. Liu, E. Castanon Alvarez, Y. Ozaki, D. Mirabelli, Ozgur Ozyilkan, J.E. Battley, C.H.S. Kim, N. Weijl, B. Bui, J.C. Sabourin, M. Hejna, Raymond Miller, N. Besova, Jinhui Xu, Ian Chau, J.-L. Van Laethem, Eric Vibert, Philippe Mathurin, H. Yabusaki, Melissa Frizziero, J. Soberino García, S. Salvagni, M. Zhu, Christoph Schuhmacher, Y. Yamada, A. Hubert, R. Libener, S.T. Dimoudis, Jonathan Wadsley, J. Martinez-Galan, Coskun U, V. Karavasilis, Cem Parlak, N. Jain, T. Gamucci, Elisa Giovannetti, R. Gupta, Suleyman Buyukberber, Jose Javier Sanchez, Taro Tokui, Kenneth K. Tanabe, V. Nerich, G. Dyson, Y. Kawachi, J. Reis-Filho, Junichi Sakamoto, A. Mohar-Betancourt, Masahide Mori, Aytug Uner, S. Martin Algarra, C.-J. Yen, J.J. Critchfield, Y. Naomoto, Julien Taieb, Young Seon Hong, Hironori Yamaguchi, S. Jiao, Alan P. Venook, C. Pericay, R.H. Wilson, D. Ferrari, Peter R. Galle, S. Falcon, Emilio Bria, L. Paz-Ares, Anna Tomezzoli, S. Al-Batran, G. Luppi, Jean-Marie Boher, I. Park, F. De Vita, Roland Leung, M. Abdelwahab, A. Ravaioli, Takuya Suzuki, C. Szczylik, C. González-Rivas, Sarita Dubey, Y. Miyashita, J.Y. Lim, Y. Chen, F. El Hajbi, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Tsutomu Chiba, C. Kondo, S. Ye, Thomas Aparicio, M. Nesrine, T. Ganten, T. Nishina, G. Grazi, A.C. Dupont-Gossard, I. Oze, F. Nosrati, J.H. Yook, C. Yoo, N.A. Adu-Aryee, M. Choi, Narikazu Boku, P. Chan, John Bridgewater, A. Gimenez-Capitan, Hamim Zahir, R. Hela, T. Villegas, Stefano Barbi, György Bodoky, D. Degiovanni, Y. Honma, A. Croitoru, K. Koufuji, Lorenza Rimassa, A. Tsuji, Yueyang Shen, Nathan Bahary, S. Abdelwahab, N. Matsuura, Parsee Tomar, L. Yu, Mohammed Elbassiouny, B. Ryoo, S. Adachi, Jean-Robert Delpero, V.D.N.K. Vanderpuye, S.T. Oh, E. Samantas, Amit Bahl, N. Karachaliou, Thierry Lecomte, S. Yoshino, H. Hahn, A. Matsuki, K. Nakamura, D.S. Johnston, M. Del Prete, Per Stål, R. Greil, Dirk Arnold, K. Ridwelski, J. Zhao, K. Shirouzu, Meltem Baykara, G. De Manzoni, I. Lang, K. Aoyagi, A. Fukutomi, Joji Kitayama, Antonieta Salud, K. Beecham, Y. Inoue, Armando Santoro, R. Rosell, P. Malfertheiner, Tsutomu Fujii, Jeong-Yeol Park, S. Taylor, K. Nakajima, Matus Studeny, H. Jiang, M. Shimada, O. Abdelrhman, Camillo Porta, P. Ballesteros, S. Lecleire, K. Han, G. Svegliati Baroni, Michitaka Nagase, François Paye, W. Rodriguez Pantigoso, M.M. Eatock, H.C. Toh, M. Ikeda, Hironori Ishigami, N. Stankovic, H. Kumada, K. Shitara, X. Zhang, E. Arevalo, R. Poon, M. Allard, Y.-Y. Lin, D. Egamberdiev, Shin'ichi Miyamoto, P. Afchain, Harpreet Wasan, Mitesh J. Borad, J. Blay, Dong Sup Yoon, H. Kawai, L. Jin, Margaret Sheehan, T. Otsuji, M. Lichinitser, Ahmet Ozet, R. Savage, Heind Smith, L. Zubiri, Tim Meyer, Erkan Topkan, Ross C. Donehower, Joanne Chiu, T. Tsuda, P. Jimenez Fonseca, U. Selek, N. Musha, B. Liu, A. Magnusson, S.C. Sharma, C. Purcell, H. Wong, E. Lucchini, Jean-Marc Phelip, E. Jeon, J. Fujita, Kelly S. Oliner, W. Schelman, W. Mao, S. Hato, A-L Cheng, D.-L. Ou, Tarek Sahmoud, J. Waters, Jorge A. Marrero, David Malka, P. Xavier, M. Haibo, S. Takiguchi, Q. Pan, S. Ohkawa, J. Kizaki, I.P. Le, A. Roveta, D.H. Koo, H.J. Kim, H. Choi, T. Göhler, A. Gelibter, C. Borg, X. Qiang, Masaya Suenaga, Ozan Cem Guler, Niall C. Tebbutt, M. Emi, S. Ota, N. Nagata, S. Iwasa, Mira Ayadi, K. Matsuo, Henk M.W. Verheul, Christoph C. Zielinski, S. Choo, M.W. Büchler, René Adam, M. Pistelli, J.A. Gonzalez, Charles S. Fuchs, G. Vallati, G. Pentheroudakis, S. Tokunaga, U. Demirci, Lin Shen, B. Heyd, X. Zhou, T. Ioka, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, O. Testori, Y.S. Park, A. Allen, Rakesh Kapoor, Bruno Daniele, T. Hirai, Z. Lakkis, I.B. Tan, Y-K Kang, S.A. Aledavood, N. Reynoso, F. Serejo, Sergio Ricci, Jennifer Gansert, M. Miyagi, S. Santi, A. Parthan, A C Wotherspoon, L. Chaigneau, Sumera Rizvi, M.G. Fabrini, Véronique Vendrely, W. Su, V. Shalenkov, L. Tu, G. Numico, Joon Seong Park, J.H. Kim, Hope E. Uronis, Mustafa Benekli, I. Aoyama, M. Gauthier, S. Lazzarelli, W. Liguigli, N. Atsushi, H. Kastrissios, J. Thaler, Z. Zou, T. Tsujinaka, S. Barbero, F. Fiteni, Irene Kührer, Aldo Scarpa, C. Desauw, J.F. Seitz, Takahiro Horimatsu, R. von Roemeling, T. Yamamoto, H.R. Alexander, Timothy Iveson, F.M. Negri, Ermek Tangsakar, Pascal Artru, Jia Zhang, S. Lee, Satoshi Morita, E. Garralda, M. Moore, J. Lee, M. Seilanian Tousi, J. Gornet, Yasuhiro Kodera, Werner Scheithauer, L. Marthey, D. Atanackovic, P. Zhao, D. Wang, I. Davidenko, T.S. Waddell, S. Takeda, N. Fan, R. Kawabata, M. Raponi, Giampaolo Tortora, M. Ogasawara, B. Gruenberger, Guido Gerken, Ivan Borbath, N. Fuse, Denis Smith, Emmanuel Mitry, Vikki Tang, I. Stilidi, Min-Hee Ryu, Tulay Akman, C. Saffery, Roopinder Gillmore, K. Ligier, R. Coriat, T. Namikawa, L. Sun, R. Xu, Gary Middleton, W. Tröger, F. Keil, Bruno Chauffert, K. Achilles, David Cunningham, H. Raies, M.Y. Teo, Y. Hamai, S. Tjulandin, I. Boukovinas, J. Kazakin, J. Beebe-Dimmer, Pippa Corrie, J.A. Ortega, A. Cueff, C. Costa, V. Da Prat, Y. Tanaka, F. Rivera, K. Hashimoto, Tianshu Liu, K. Kato, J.C. Plaza, G. Fountzilas, N. Chaiet, Byung Sik Kim, K. Ueda, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Y.-C. Cheng, Mendel Jansen, T. Salman, C. Papandreou, T. Carothers, H. Van Vlierberghe, M. Rios, S. Barni, Y. Arai, G. Afc, Julia Klech, Bryan C. Fuchs, S.T. Fan, A. Falcone, J-B. Bachet, Y. Fujiwara, S. Navruzov, Fumihiko Kanai, H. Shiah, J. Xia, N. Xu, X. Garcia del Muro, M. Lucchesi, Jae Yong Cho, A. Leon, W. Jin, C. Eng, A.U. Yilmaz, L.-T. Chen, Laurent Bedenne, I. Vynnychenko, Brian Schwartz, J. Ruíz Vozmediano, Toshihiro Tanaka, Jinwan Wang, F. Musante, C. Belli, K. Imanaka, W. Fang, J.P. Fusco, S. Gupta, Daniel H. Palmer, M. Ninomiya, N. Ryuge, M. Djuraev, B. Benzidane, H. Yasui, P.G. Betta, M. Sanon, J. Mizusawa, M. Hou, H. Pan, Y. Osaki, Darren Sigal, E. Schott, J. Rodriguez, E. Wöll, S. Nakamori, Anthony F. Shields, Yasuo Ohashi, M. Raikou, M.W. Bennett, Zhilong Zhao, G. Colucci, R. Stauber, M. Nakamura, T. Nguyen, Xin Li, C. Greco, K. Hanazaki, C. Mao, Y. Matsumura, S. Emoto, Maristella Bianconi, Yoon Ho Ko, E. Trusilova, J. Coombs, H. Iwase, V.A. Gorbunova, M. Lencioni, M. Svrcek, S. Leo, Mahmoud Ellithy, N. Silvestris, Y.H. Min, N. Urata, A. Sainato, K. Yoshimura, U. Boggi, D.C. Huang, T. Tsuzuki, S.H. Hong, K. Ikeda, Mohammed Shaker, Olivier Turrini, Arsene-Bienvenu Loembe, Jaffer A. Ajani, G. Pelletier, Stefano Cascinu, F. Bergamo, I.T. Unek, T. Di Palma, H. Li, Maria Lamar, H. Inagaki, M. Ratti, M. Iida, F. Pons Valladares, S. Caponi, A. Sa-Cunha, A. Passardi, J. Wei, S. Azevedo, W. Wang, S. Luelmo, M. Brighenti, A. Mezlini, Y. Zheng, S. Reddy, M. Milella, S. Nered, D. Li, Carsten Bokemeyer, Manabu Muto, C. Krüger, X.J. Sun, T. Ueno, M. Harrison, F. Cognetti, Y. Kida, M. Kobayashi, S. Akamaru, G. Leonard, Y. Inaba, A. Jayaram, Özgür Ekinci, Y. Bai, F. Subtil, Wasaburo Koizumi, M.A. Fridrik, Pierre Michel, R.C. Turkington, D. Galun, N. De Lio, A. Le Cesne, L. Toppo, Thorsten Füreder, R. Poli, V. Moiseyenko, Jean-Louis Jouve, Y. Lu, A. Babaev, N. Okumura, Isamu Okamoto, G.C. Ruiz, I. Oztop, T. Isobe, W. Fischbach, A. Takashima, Alessandro Bittoni, Y-C Chang, K. Yamaguchi, Vincent J. Picozzi, K. Muro, M. Sebagh, Y. Shindo, S. Beghelli, M. Skoblar Vidmar, Alessandra Mandolesi, M. Reni, K. Nishikawa, Marine Gilabert, Y. Maeda, Francesco Massari, E.B. Ruiz, K. Pan, H. Lou, H.S. Won, C. Diaz, J.P. O'Brien, Shuichi Kaneko, C. Gomez-Martin, J. Sgouros, A. Funakoshi, W. Figg, F. Chai, M.S. Pino, X. Pivot, K. Anvari, J. Turnes, M. Reif, F. Lopez-Rios, W. Cheung, David P. Ryan, M. Oka, I. Varthalitis, A. Deptala, Masatoshi Kudo, F. Romeder, J. Qian, J. Hihara, T. Shibata, T. Yamatsuji, B. Gonzalez-Astorga, B. Allani, Y. Tsuji, J. Liu, Thomas Yau, S. Lim, F. Grosso, Y.D. Zheng, R. Passalacqua, J. Chen, I. Sperduti, H. C. Kwon, C. Cappelli, C. Guettier, O. Nematov, Lanjun Zhou, C. Caparello, F. Bonnetain, R. Ferrara, A. Nashimoto, A. Schumann, Richard Martin Bambury, C. Mazzara, T. Aramaki, B. Saracino, M. Takagi, G. Di Lucca, Philip A. Philip, A. Aloui, Philippe Bachellier, N. Hirabayashi, S. Osanto, S. So, N. Fukushima, K.-H. Yeh, Y. Aoki, M. Baretti, Y-L. Gong, Koichiro Yamakado, C.-H. Hsu, R. Buder, D.G. Power, H. Matsumoto, Chiara Costantini, Y. Xu, G. Tomasello, A. Lopez Pousa, D.K. Lee, F. Di Fiore, O. Polat, K. Suzuki, L. Arbea, R. McDermott, S.-H. Kim, E. Toure, O. Bouche, A. Zaanan, T. Hamaguchi, Mary Geitona, M.H. Tan, M. Antonietti, Italo Bearzi, Juan W. Valle, D. Castaing, H. Shoji, Eylem Pınar Eser, Mario Scartozzi, R. Abdul Rahman, Yukinori Kurokawa, F. Pardo, T. Sasatomi, Y. Kimura, Suguru Yamada, K. El Ouagari, F. Mosca, Yuichiro Doki, A.O. Singh, Goro Nakayama, Lara Lipton, H.J. An, B. Kato, Y. Ezoe, M. Salem, Samantha Bersani, B. Paule, O.E. Carranza Rua, Gabriela Kornek, L. Gray, S. Tamura, J.-F. Blanc, and L. Ginocchi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal tumors, Performance status, business.industry, Hematology, Severe hypoxia, Neutropenia, medicine.disease, Rash, Gastroenterology, Discontinuation, Non colorectal, Oncology, Internal medicine, Toxicity, medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background TH-302 is a hypoxia targeted prodrug with a hypoxia-triggered 2-nitroimidazole component designed to release the DNA alkylator, bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM), when reduced in severe hypoxia. A randomized Phase 2B study (NCT01144455) was conducted to assess the benefit of G + T to standard dose G as first-line therapy of PAC. Materials and methods An open-label multi-center study of two dose levels of TH-302 (240 mg/m2 or 340 mg/m2) in combination with G versus G alone (randomized 1:1:1). G (1000 mg/m2) and T were administered IV over 30-60 minutes on Days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Patients on the G could crossover after progression and be randomized to a G + T arm. The primary efficacy endpoint was a comparison of progression-free survival (PFS) between the combination arms and G alone (80% power to detect 50% improvement in PFS with one-sided alpha of 10%). Summary PFS outcome has previously been reported; more detailed PFS as well as the initial overall survival (OS) data are presented. Results 214 pts were treated; 164 (77%) Stage IV and 50 (23%) Stage IIIB. Median age 65 (range 29-86); 126 M/88 F; 40% ECOG 0/60% ECOG 1. Receiving 6 or more cycles: 32% G; 45% G + T240; 55% G + T340. Median PFS was 3.6 mo in G vs 5.5 mo in G + T240 (p = 0.031) and 6.0 mo in G + T340 (p = 0.008). Poorer prognostic factors (older age, poorer performance status, reduced albumin) were associated with larger treatment effect. Median OS was 7.0 mo in G vs 9.0 in G + T240 and 9.5 mo in G + T340. RECIST best response was 12% in G vs 17% in G + T240 and 27% in G + T340. CA19-9 decreases were significantly greater G + T340. A >50% CA19-9 decrease was 52% with G vs 50% with G + T240 and 70% with G + T340. AEs leading to discontinuation were: 16% G, 15% G + T240 and 11% G + T340. Rash (45% in G + T340) and stomatitis (36% in G + T340) were greater in combination, 4 pts Grade 3 rash. Grd 3/4 thrombocytopenia were 11% G, 39% G + T240 and 59% G + T340 and Grd 3/4 neutropenia were 28% G, 56% G + T240 and 59% G + T340. Conclusions The combination of G plus TH-302 improved the efficacy of G. A TH-302 dose of 340 mg2 was identified for future studies. Skin and mucosal toxicity and myelosuppression were the most common TH-302 related AEs with no increase in treatment discontinuation. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Published
2012
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16. Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

Author

J. Djossou, J.-F. Léon, A. B. Akpo, C. Liousse, V. Yoboué, M. Bedou, M. Bodjrenou, C. Chiron, C. Galy-Lacaux, E. Gardrat, M. Abbey, S. Keita, J. Bahino, E. Touré N'Datchoh, M. Ossohou, and C. N. Awanou

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on the shore of the Gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin, and Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources: Cotonou/traffic (CT), Abidjan/traffic (AT), Abidjan/landfill (AL) and Abidjan/domestic fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and carbonaceous content as elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon concentrations. We also measure the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 32 ± 32, 32 ± 24 and 28 ± 19 µg m−3 at traffic sites CT and AT and landfill site AL, respectively. The domestic fire site shows a concentration of 145 ± 69 µg m−3 due to the contribution of smoking and roasting activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured at ADF at 71 ± 29 and 15 ± 9 µg m−3, respectively, while the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and 12 µg m−3 and EC concentrations between 2 and 7 µg m−3. The OC ∕ EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT. This difference highlights the influence of two-wheel vehicles using gasoline in Cotonou compared to that of four-wheel vehicles using diesel fuel in Abidjan. AOD was rather similar in both cities, with a mean value of 0.58 in Cotonou and of 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the long dry season (December–February) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the short dry season (August–September) due to an increase in surface wind speed leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high PM2.5 ∕ AOD ratio in the short wet season (October–November) indicates the stagnation of local pollution.

Published
2018
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17. Interest in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324 - Expertise France)

Author

Pierre-Julien, Coulaud, Luis, Sagaon-Teyssier, Bakridine, M'madi Mrenda, Gwenaëlle, Maradan, Marion, Mora, Michel, Bourrelly, Bintou, Dembélé Keita, Abdoul Aziz, Keita, Camille, Anoma, Stéphane-Alain, Babo Yoro, Ter Tiero Elias, Dah, Christian, Coulibaly, Ephrem, Mensah, Selom, Agbomadji, Adeline, Bernier, Clotilde, Couderc, Christian, Laurent, Bruno, Spire, Claver Anoumou Yaotsè, Dagnra, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), ARCAD-SIDA [Bamako, Mali], Espace Confiance [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Association African Solidarité [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Espoir Vie Togo [Lomé, Togo], Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), This study was funded by the ANRS (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-hiv Hépatites, ANRS 12324) and Expertise France (Initiative 5%). PJC was the recipient of a doctoral fellowship from ANRS (B7-ANRS 12324)., The CohMSM Study Group : Granouillac B, Izard S, March L, Peeters M, Serrano L, Berenger C, Parisi E, Palvadeau P, Rojas Castro D, Trenado E, Camara D, Cisse O, Coulibaly A, Diallo F, Diarra M, Gadjigo M, Maiga K, Ouologuem A, Traore F, Aka NT, Coulibaly NH, Kotchi R, Kouabenan P, Kouame MJ, Lokrou KJ, N'Guessan FD, Anglaret X, Masumbuko JM, Oga M, Ilboudo O, Ouedraogo J, Ouedraogo M, Thio E, Toure JR, Traore A, Traore I, Yougbare F, Meda N, Agboyibor RMK, Attiogbe M, Badjassim AM, Ekon AL, Kokouba A, Tablissi DJS, Yaka KJ, Dagnra CAY., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Dupuis, Christine, and Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Anti-HIV Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), men who have sex with men, HIV Infections, Transactional sex, Mali, medicine.disease_cause, Logistic regression, Men who have sex with men, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Burkina Faso, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Male, pre-exposure prophylaxis, 030505 public health, Unsafe Sex, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Odds ratio, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Cote d'Ivoire, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Togo, Africa, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, prophylaxis, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE:To explore the interest in taking PrEP among Western African men who have sex with men (MSM).METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was implemented at enrolment of HIV-negative MSM in a multiple centre community-based cohort study in four West African countries (Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo). A standardised face-to-face questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics over the previous 6 months. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression helped identify factors associated with the interest in taking PrEP.RESULTS:Of 564 participants, 87% were interested in taking PrEP. Interest in PrEP was associated with inconsistent condom use for anal sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-3.67), transactional sex (aOR: 2.02; 95% CI 1.11-3.71), searching for male sexual partners on the Internet in the previous month (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI 1.01-3.43), having a high level of self-esteem (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI 1.06-1.36), having at least one sexually transmitted infections at enrolment (aOR: 5.08; 95% CI 1.40-18.4) and not being aware of PrEP (aOR: 2.03; 95% CI 1.04-3.96). Participants having sex with HIV-positive male partners (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.74), those being more sexually attracted to women than to men (aOR: 0.20; 95% CI 0.07-0.89) and those reporting psychological and material support from close friends (aOR: 0.33; 95% CI 0.15-0.73) were less interested in taking PreP.CONCLUSIONS:Western African HIV-negative MSM appear very interested in taking PrEP, especially those most at risk of HIV infection. PrEP implementation in a comprehensive prevention package should be considered urgently.

Published
2018
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18. CEA, CA19-9, circulating DNA and circulating tumour cell kinetics in patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Author

Sefrioui D, Beaussire L, Gillibert A, Blanchard F, Toure E, Bazille C, Perdrix A, Ziegler F, Gangloff A, Hassine M, Elie C, Bignon AL, Parzy A, Gomez P, Thill C, Clatot F, Sabourin JC, Frebourg T, Benichou J, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Gallais MP, Sarafan-Vasseur N, Michel P, and Di Fiore F

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating drug effects, Prospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Up-Regulation, Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate metabolism, Carcinoembryonic Antigen metabolism, Circulating Tumor DNA genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating metabolism
Abstract

Background: We previously reported that CEA kinetics are a marker of progressive disease (PD) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study was specifically designed to confirm CEA kinetics for predicting PD and to evaluate CA19-9, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumour cell (CTC) kinetics., Methods: Patients starting a chemotherapy (CT) with pre-treatment CEA > 5 ng/mL and/or CA19.9 > 30 UI/mL were prospectively included. Samples were collected from baseline to cycle 4 for CEA and CA19-9 and at baseline and the sixth week for other markers. CEA kinetics were calculated from the first to the third or fourth CT cycle., Results: A total of 192 mCRC patients were included. CEA kinetics based on the previously identified >0.05 threshold was significantly associated with PD (p < 0.0001). By dichotomising by the median value, cfDNA, ctDNA and CA19-9 were associated with PD, PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. A circulating scoring system (CSS) combining CEA kinetics and baseline CA19-9 and cfDNA values classified patients based on high (n = 58) and low risk (n = 113) of PD and was independently associated with PD (ORa = 4.6, p < 0.0001), PFS (HRa = 2.07, p < 0.0001) and OS (HRa = 2.55, p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: CEA kinetics alone or combined with baseline CA19-9 and cfDNA are clinically relevant for predicting outcomes in mCRC., Trial Registration Number: NCT01212510., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2021
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21. Diagnostic value of CA19.9, circulating tumour DNA and circulating tumour cells in patients with solid pancreatic tumours.

Author

Sefrioui D, Blanchard F, Toure E, Basile P, Beaussire L, Dolfus C, Perdrix A, Paresy M, Antonietti M, Iwanicki-Caron I, Alhameedi R, Lecleire S, Gangloff A, Schwarz L, Clatot F, Tuech JJ, Frébourg T, Jardin F, Sabourin JC, Sarafan-Vasseur N, Michel P, and Di Fiore F

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma genetics, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms genetics, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology, Predictive Value of Tests, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics, Survival Rate, Young Adult, Adenocarcinoma blood, Adenocarcinoma diagnosis, CA-19-9 Antigen blood, DNA, Neoplasm blood, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Pancreatic Neoplasms blood, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnosis
Abstract

Background: The direct comparison of CA19.9, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has never been performed for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic tumours (SPTs)., Methods: We included 68 patients with a SPT referred for EUS-FNA. CTCs were analysed using size-based platform and ctDNA using digital PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were evaluated for each marker and their combination., Results: SPTs corresponded to 58 malignant tumours (52 pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and 6 others) and 10 benign lesions. The sensitivity and specificity for PA diagnosis were 73% and 88% for EUS-FNA, 67% and 80% for CTC, 65% and 75% for ctDNA and 79% and 93% for CA19.9, respectively. The positivity of at least 2 markers was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 91%, respectively. CtDNA was the only marker associated with overall survival (median 5.2 months for ctDNA+ vs 11.0 months for ctDNA-, P=0.01)., Conclusions: CA19.9 alone and in combination with ctDNA and/or CTC analysis may represent an efficient method for diagnosing PA in patients with SPTs. Further studies including a larger cohort of patients with both malignant and benign lesions will be necessary to confirm these promising results.

Published
2017
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22. Brief report: Mid-season influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates for the 2016-2017 influenza season.

Author

Toure E, Eick-Cost AA, Hawksworth AW, Cooper MJ, Hu Z, Myers CA, Kammerer PE, Ricketts MN, and Federinko S

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human virology, Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, Treatment Outcome, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Influenza Vaccines therapeutic use, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Insurance Benefits statistics & numerical data, Military Personnel statistics & numerical data, Sentinel Surveillance
Published
2017

23. Circulating tumor cell isolation: the assets of filtration methods with polycarbonate track-etched filters.

Author

Dolfus C, Piton N, Toure E, and Sabourin JC

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) arise from primary or secondary tumors and enter the bloodstream by active or passive intravasation. Given the low number of CTCs, enrichment is necessary for detection. Filtration methods are based on selection of CTCs by size using a filter with 6.5 to 8 µm pores. After coloration, collected CTCs are evaluated according to morphological criteria. Immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques may be used. Selected CTCs can also be cultivated in vitro to provide more material. Analysis of genomic mutations is difficult because it requires adapted techniques due to limited DNA materials. Filtration-selected CTCs have shown prognostic value in many studies but multicentric validating trials are mandatory to strengthen this assessment. Other clinical applications are promising such as follow-up, therapy response prediction and diagnosis. Microfluidic emerging systems could optimize filtration-selected CTCs by increasing selection accuracy.

Published
2015
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24. Usefulness of circulating tumor cell detection in pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis.

Author

Iwanicki-Caron I, Basile P, Toure E, Antonietti M, Lecleire S, Di Fiore A, Oden-Gangloff A, Blanchard F, Lemoine F, Di Fiore F, Sabourin JC, and Michel P

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma blood, Adenocarcinoma diagnostic imaging, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms blood, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology
Published
2013
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