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This paper substantiates the relevance of a study to assess environmental pollution with specific pollutants. It has been established that wastewater treatment plants, which play a key role in the protection of natural water bodies, are “hot spots” for the spread of a new type of environmental pollution - antibiotic. The main ways of getting antibiotics into the aquatic environment are shown, as well as the methods used to detect them. Based on the analysis of the results of studies on the detection of antibiotics in waste waters of different countries, the groups of the most common antibiotics have been identified and the limits of their detection have been established. It is concluded that such studies are necessary not only in large cities, but also in small ones, equipped with a centralized wastewater disposal system, in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

The article presents an algorithm of making a decision for choosing a technological scheme of wastewater treatment for facilities with a capacity up to 1000 m3/day. There are factors, which help to determine the scheme: plant performance, amount of suspended solids and indicator of wastewater pollution with organic compounds - biological oxygen demand. The best solution according to these parameters can be one or more from 14 considered options of technological schemes, that simplifies and speeds up the process of selecting and designing the main structures of a wastewater treatment plant.

This article presents different aeration systems for biological wastewater treatment, their classification, also advantages and disadvantages of the most common aeration methods - pneumatic and mechanical are described. Also, proposals to reduce the energy consumption of aeration systems by maintaining the optimal range of dissolved oxygen concentration at different points of the aeration tank, depending on its type, have been prepared.

This article presents advantages and disadvantages of the most widespread water softening methods, such as reagent method, cation exchange softening, thermal method, reverse osmosis and electromagnetic softening. According to the application features and characteristics of each method, there was developed an algorithm that helps to choose water softening method in case of given specified parameters (turbidity, color, hardness) and the desired level of water hardness after treatment.

The article is devoted to the analysis of available information about the migration of antibiotics in natural aquatic environment. Realizing the mechanism of drug release into the environment and into the aquatic environment will further develop protective measures and mechanisms to prevent appearing of antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. For example, in Russia during 2015 - 2016 only, for medical purposes 915.65 tons of antibiotics were used. It should be noted that the main danger of antibiotics is that they do not completely collapse and do not lose their original properties after ingestion, but almost completely retain their biological activity. It leads to the fact that the active molecule of the active substance is released unchanged during physiological secretions or through the skin and is able influence the environment.

This article presents the test results of the laboratory flotation equipment LFM–001 for the treatment of simulated wastewater with a high content of oil products and surfactants. To obtain a water–air mixture, tap water with a volume of up to 40 dm3 was used, through which air was passed, with a volume till 5% of the water volume. The size of the resulting bubbles was determined by the pressure established in the aeration tank before the tests and by the flow rate of the air-water mixture in the flotation machine. After a series of tests, in series where a water–air mixture was added to laboratory containers with simulated wastewater, oil particles formed flakes in the presence of a coagulant. These flakes, together with air bubbles of the air–water mixture, floated to the surface of the container and formed a foamed, oily layer 5 mm thick. At the same time, the water in the laboratory vessel, after passing the air–water mixture became more transparent visually than water in other laboratory vessels.

The article is devoted to the study of available information about identification of groups of antibiotics in urban wastewater. At the same time, results of research conducted in Tunisia, Spain, the United States, China and other countries were examined. The comparison showed that wastewater contains a specific set of antibiotics of a country, which is aroused by special veterinary medicine and pharmaceutical industry in the country. However, there are common antibiotic types of urban wastewater in all countries, because of their high applicability and effectiveness of treating bacterial infections. The question of learning the composition of urban wastewater in Russia remains unstudied.

This article presents the test results of the laboratory flotation equipment LFM-001 for the treatment of model wastewater simulating sewage dairy production. To simulate effluents, 200 ml of goat milk was mixed with 4800 ml of tap water, which made it possible to obtain a chemical oxygen demand of 2000 mg/dm3. For each test, simulated drains were mixed in different proportions with the air-water mixture obtained in LFM-001 and tap water. To intensify the flotation processes, we used the coagulant Aqua-Aurat with alumina A12O3 and the flocculant Praestol of various modifications.

This review provides analysis of existing methods for detection antibiotics in wastewater. Special attention is paid to the classification of methods for the detection of antibiotics and the possibility of these methods during antibiotics formation with separate components of wastewater complex compounds. According to the classification and a review of detection methods, preference was given to the analysis of the antibiotic content in dust on a solid-state polarograph, analyzing a sample of the solution using a KORIAN-3 analyzer, and differential spectroscopy.

The article is dedicated to determine the α-factor of aeration systems in case of changing the wastewater treatment line (transfer of aeration tanks to the nitri-denitrifier aeration mode). The studies were performed on an experimental installation with sewage and activated sludge at one of the sewage treatment facilities of the Udmurt Republic. During the process of determining the parameter under consideration, pure water and the sludge mixture from the experimental plant were sequentially aerated at the same conditions; thus, the K Lα was sequentially determined for two different types of liquids. The ratio of different liquids defined under the same conditions of K Lα determines the α-factor. Plate aerators with a dispersing element made of a rubber membrane were used as an experimental plants, thanks to which a high calculated value of the α-factor was found - 0.95 ± 0.03.

The purpose of the study was to determine denitrification rates during aeration tanks converting to the aero-mode of the nitri-denitrifier with the nitrate recycling. Studies were conducted on an experimental facility with wastewater and activated sludge from one of the sewage treatment facilities of the Udmurt Republic. At the beginning of the experiment, the activated sludge was under anoxic conditions (the mixture was mechanically mixed without aeration), while periodically the mixture was analyzed for nitrate content. Thus, the rate of denitrification during endogenous respiration was determined. Further, waste water was added to the sludge (anoxic conditions were preserved) - simulation of nitrate recycling. According to the results of experimental studies, the calculated denitrification rates were rds = 0.71 ± 0.04 mg N-NO3 / mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day on easily oxidizable substrate, on endogenous respiration rde = 0.12 ± 0.02 mg N-NO3 / mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day, on difficult oxidizable substrate rdp = 0.12 ± 0.01 mg N-NO3 / mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day.