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Introduction. Representatives of the Ericaceae family are quite common in Russia and are promising for the creation of new medicines of plant origin. At the same time, only 4 of them are official. The study of biologically active substances and pharmacological activity of Andromeda polifolia L., Chamaеdaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, Ledum palustre L., Empetrum nigrum L. with rich resource reserves is promising.Aim. Comparative study of the composition of total flavonoid fractions from A. polifolia, C. calyculata, L. palustre, E. nigrum and study of their effect on the NO-stimulating activity of peritoneal macrophagesMaterials and methods. The crushed aboveground part (leafy shoots) was previously depigmented with chloroform, treated with 70 % aqueous acetone, then acetone was removed. Flavonoids were extracted with ethyl acetate from the aqueous phase. The identification of flavonoids was carried out by HPLC (UltiMate 3000 chromatograph) according to the coincidence of retention times and spectral characteristics, the calculation of the content was carried out by simple normalization. The effect of the samples on nitric oxide production was studied on macrophages of C57BL/6 mice. Endotoxin control in the samples was carried out using a LAL test and cell incubation in the presence of polymyxin B.Results and discussion. The composition of flavonoid fractions from A. polifolia, C. calyculata, L. palustre and E. nigrum has been studied. 8 phenolic compounds were found in C. calyculata shoots, including isoquercitrin, herbacetin, naringenin and naringin – for the first time for this species. 5 compounds were detected in A. polifolia shoots, including isoquercitrin and herbacetin, for the first time for this species. 5 and 4 compounds were identified in L. palustre and E. nigrum shoots, respectively, while quercetin glycosides are predominant in all samples: isoquercitrin, hyperoside and rutin. The fraction of C. calyculata flavonoids at doses of 1, 5, 10 mcg/ml inhibits the production of nitric oxide by macrophages by 30 %, and E. nigrum flavonoids at doses of 100 and 200 mcg/ml, on the contrary, enhance the production of nitrites by macrophages by 33 and 37 %, respectively.Conclusion. A comparative study of the composition of total flavonoid fractions from A. polifolia, C. calyculata, L. palustre, and E. nigrum, which are capable of activating both M1 and M2 polarization of peritoneal macrophages in mice, has been conducted, which requires further in-depth study. The flavonoids C. calyculata and E. nigrum are promising for further study.

Introduction. Medicines of natural origin have advantages over synthetic drugs and occupy a significant share in the assortment of pharmacies. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., characterized by a chemical composition rich in phenolic compounds and various types of biological activity has the potential in terms of the development of new herbal medicines. In an in vivo experiment, F. ulmaria extract showed immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic activity and effectively stimulated myelopoiesis in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue.Aim. Development of an optimal technology for obtaining dry extract of F. ulmaria by remaceration and investigation of its аcute toxicity.Materials and methods. The technology of extract was developed in a laboratory reactor equipped with a water heater jacket and a stirrer. The content of flavonoids was determined by differential spectrometry. Flowability was determined on a flowability tester for powders and granules, bulk density was determined on a bulk density tester for powders and granules, moisture content was developed on a moisture content analyzer. Acute toxicity was determined on Wistar rats.Results and discussion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained using 70 % ethanol by remaceration, is effective in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue and bone marrow, which determined the choice of extragent and the type of extract. The optimal parameters for obtaining the extract were determined (three-fold maceration at a water jacket temperature of 80 °C, the ratio of raw materials to extragent 1 : 14, time 30 min), its main technological characteristics were determined and a wet granulation method for improving them was proposed. In the study of acute toxicity of the extract, according to the results of toxicometry for 14 days after administration and necropsy data, the studied extract was classified as low-toxic substance.Conclusion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained by remaceration using 70 % ethanol, has specific activity in conditions of microbial damage to bone tissue. Optimal extraction parameters allow to increase the yield of target components, it is advisable to improve the technological parameters of the extract by wet granulation. The assessment of the safety profile of the dry extract from F. ulmaria, along with its high biological activity, provides a perspective for its further study and implementation into medical practice.

Introduction. Osteogenic agents are used for pathologies associated with impaired bone formation, complications of bone fractures, the use of implants and endoprostheses, and tumor lesions of bone tissue. High osteogenic activity in vivo on the model of experimental osteomyelitis, in vitro and in situ on mesenchymal stem cells was revealed for calcium chelidonate, which is a promising substance for the production of osteogenic drugs.Aim. Development of a method for obtaining the calcium chelidonate substance by chemical synthesis and methods of its standardization.Materials and methods. The synthesis of chelidonic acid was carried out on the basis of diethyloxalate; calcium chelidonate – using synthesized chelidonic acid and anhydrous calcium chloride. The structure of the substances was confirmed by optical spectral methods, mass spectrometry, elemental and X-ray structural analysis. The quantitative content was assessed using a liquid chromatograph. Statistical processing of the results of quantitative measurements was carried out in the STATISTICA 8,0 program.Results and discussion. As a result of the synthesis, chelidonic acid (4-oxo-4H-piran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) was obtained, which is colorless or cream-tinged crystals. The structure of the resulting compound is confirmed by spectral characteristics and elemental analysis data. A method for obtaining the calcium chelidonate substance has been worked out, while the yield of the target product was 100 ± 5 %. By X-ray structural analysis, it was found that the synthesized compound is calcium chelidonate trihydrate [Ca(ChA)(H2O)3]n with M.M. (C7H8O9Ca) 276,15. Methods for establishing authenticity, purity and quantification of the substance have been developed. The amount of impurities in the resulting substance did not exceed 0.1 %, and the content of the main component ranged from 99,2 ± 0,20 to 100,4 ± 0,35 %.Conclusion. Due to the limited resource reserves and the complexity of the process of extracting chelidonic acid from plant raw materials, a method for the chemical synthesis of calcium chelidonate substance with osteogenic activity is proposed. The obtained results provide prospects for further research in the direction of the development and introduction of synthetic calcium chelidonate as a new osteogenic drug, provided that the specific biological activity is comparable to the natural analogue.

Introduction. The development and implementation of new effective and safe drugs with osteogenic activity is an urgent problem of modern medical and pharmaceutical sciences. This is due to the wide prevalence and complexity of the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which entails significant economic costs for the treatment and recovery of this group of patients. Recently, standard therapy regimens are increasingly being supplemented with drugs derived from medicinal plants, which is associated with their rather pronounced therapeutic effect and the absence or mild side effects compared to more expensive modern medical analogues. In this regard, the development of new directions in the strategy for the development of pharmacological agents from plant sources becomes relevant. The study of plant secondary metabolites is one such area that has already yielded good results in relation to the development of such drugs, and holds great promise. The review provides information on the biological properties of chelidonic acid and its possible derivatives in order to demonstrate the prospects for the use of these objects for the development of drugs, including those with osteogenic activity.Text. Chelidonic acid is a substance present in many medicinal plants and has a wide range of pharmacological effects – analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, oncostatic and sedative. At the moment, methods have been developed for obtaining chelidonic acid and its derivatives from natural sources. In addition, chelidonic acid belongs to the so-called “small” molecules with osteogenic properties, which makes it promising in the creation of drugs for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system caused by impaired formation and regeneration of bone tissue. Native chelidonic acid has a low osteogenic activity, but given its ability to form complex compounds, it can act as a delivery system for osteoprotective micro- and macroelements. So, calcium chelidonate in experiments in vitro and in vivo shows a pronounced osteogenic activity: it stimulates the viability, adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, enhances the mineralization of the extracellular matrix.Conclusion. Taking into account the wide range of biological activity of chelidonic acid, its use in the complex therapy of allergies, depression, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, malignant neoplasms and other pathological conditions seems relevant. Calcium chelidonate is a promising drug candidate that can be used to accelerate regeneration processes and in bone tissue engineering.

The aim of the work was to study the effect of fractions from Saussurea controversa and Мeadowsweet extracts on hemopoiesis and regeneration of bone tissue, which are the main target indicators in experimental osteomyelitis.Materials and methods. In the experiment we used butanol, water and element-organic fractions from the Saussurea controversa extract as well as ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions from the Мeadowsweet extract, obtained by liquid extraction of the extracts from corresponding plants with the help of organic solvents. After modeling osteomyelitis of the right femur in rats and course treatment for 28 days, the state of bone marrow hemopoiesis was evaluated and morphological examination of the affected limb was performed.Results. The butanol fraction (at a dose of 10 mg/kg) containing flavonol glycosides, the water fraction (at a dose of 80 mg/kg) containing polysaccharides in its composition and the element-organic fraction (at a dose of 10 mg/kg) represented by organic calcium showed the highest osteogenic activity in the Saussurea controversa extract. The water fraction from the Meadowsweet extract (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) demonstrated pronounced hemopoietic activity due to stimulating erythro-, granulo- and lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow of rats with experimental osteomyelitis.

Aim. The influence of dry extracts of Saussurea controversa DC. and Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. in experimental osteomyelitis with the use of сefazolin in rats.Materials and methods. After a course of therapy extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg on the background of antibiotic therapy observed localization of the inflammatory process, whereas animals receiving only Cefazolin becomes diffuse inflammation. In the conditions of complex therapy the level of diene conjugates significantly reduces in the serum and the level of TBA-active products, total lipids and lysophosphatidylcholine reduces in the muscle tissue of the affected area. In the application of extracts of S. controversa returns to normal level of diacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholine, and the application of the extract of F. ulmaria – free cholesterol in comparison with the group of animals treated only with сefazolin.Results. In the application of water-ethanol extract of S. controversa with simultaneous intramuscular сefazolin marked decrease in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase that can enhance reparative processes in the bone tissue.