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South Korea is a technologically advanced country with a strong digital infrastructure and manufacturing sector. The government prioritizes promoting AI technology over regulating it, while workers have concerns about AI-related issues. The Korean business system is hierarchical, with the government and families playing significant roles. The country has active labor unions that have been growing recently. The government supports AI development through investments, but the effectiveness of these initiatives is debated. The regulatory framework on AI in Korea is similar to the EU's but more business-friendly in certain aspects. The text discusses the relationship between AI governance and worker mobilization, highlighting incidents that led to updates in AI regulations. It explores the unionization of knowledge workers and precarious workers subject to algorithmic control, as well as resistance against job-replacing AI-assisted manufacturing technologies. The challenges faced by labor movements and the role of social partnership are also discussed. The Korean government invests in AI technologies, while workers organize to address the challenges of the AI-driven economy. The expansion of data subjects' rights may provide gig workers with opportunities to resist algorithmic control, but the long-term impact on Korean industrial relations is uncertain. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Complex mineral mining leads to critical earth's surface disturbance and environmental pollution from industrial waste. This research aims to comprehensively study, assess and show the current scale of the earth's surface disturbances in the largest mining region of Ukraine - the Kryvyi Rih. Ironore Basin and suggests ways to improve the situation based on backfill technologies for the earth's surface rehabilitation and industrial waste utilization. Methods: To identify the forms of surface disturbance, their parameters, and spatial location, satellite images of the region, government statistical data, and a geographic information system software suite were studied. An analysis of the effectiveness of existing reclamation measures for technogenic voids in the region was carried out, and a new concept of surface restoration was proposed using beneficiation tailings, which are difficult to utilize in the region. Results: It has been determined that the contribution of the Kryvyi Rih Iron-ore Basin to waste generation is 92.08% of the total volume of waste accumulations in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and 65.5% in Ukraine as a whole, amounting to 10.7 billion tons. It is determined that 65.25% of the total disturbed land area is industrial waste, 34.76% - quarry cavities and mine failure zones, occupying 49% of the Kryvyi Rih city area. An analysis of waste accumulation density in allotted areas shows that per 1 m2 of land area, on average, 183.5 tons of dump waste rocks and 73.5 tons of beneficiation tailings are placed. Disposal of beneficiation tailings is recognized as a priority, because their utilization is slower, occupy the largest area, creating a risk of dams breaching and intense dusting from tailings dams surface, threatening the environment and public health. For the first time in Ukraine, a concept for the earth's surface rehabilitation for various industrial purposes has been developed based on paste backfill technologies. Discussion: Paste backfill technology implementation is prioritized in the central and northern parts of the city, which can dispose of at least 65-70 million tons of waste in cavities and reclaim about 200 ha of land. The research results are valuable for the development of strategies or programs to overcome the technogenic-ecological crisis in the city. The rehabilitated earth's surface can be usefully involved in various infrastructure projects for the development of the industrial and economic potential of an industrial city such as Kryvyi Rih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the local economic development (LED) planning paradigm has gained widespread acceptance worldwide as a locality-based response to the challenges posed by globalization, devolution, and local-level opportunities and challenges. Noticeably, governments in the Global South are seen to be supporting linkage policies that directly couple profitable growth and investment with redistribution and community development in rural-based localities. To attract potential investors to circulate more resources within the local rural communities, local governments must ensure that the local investment climate (LIC) is functional for business investment. Unlike in urban areas, rural localities, by their nature of periphery location from economic development nodes, prospective business investment projects (BIPs) are often faced with delays and uncertainty. This is mainly because the factors underlying the enabling environments for business investment in rural localities are poorly understood and based on speculation. Against this backdrop, this study therefore set out to explore and unveil the key factors that are fundamental for ensuring a conducive and functional local investment climate (LIC) in rural communities. Through a qualitative case study approach with the application of a conventional content analysis method, performed with coding methods, the study unveiled five key factors presented in a thematic approach. Namely, market and customer needs; government and regulatory support; access to infrastructure and services; land availability and zoning; and participatory community engagement. Understanding these fundamental factors that underpin conducive and operational investment environments is important for viable business decision-making in the feasibility study of investment projects toward LED in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development should not be done in a way that endangers the environment, human life, or non-human life that depends on it. However, in Ethiopia, economic development was carried out with little or no concern for the environment or indigenous and minority groups whose livelihoods directly depended on natural resources. Based on an examination of primary and secondary sources through the lens of structural violence theory, this article argues that Ethiopia's economic growth was not equitable and happened at the expense of the country's natural resources. Using the Negede Woyto of Lake Tana as a case study, this paper investigated how economic development projects in Ethiopia impacted minority communities. The conclusion reached was that the EPRDF-led government actively worked to inflict structural violence on minority groups in the Lake Tana region, using sustainable economic development as a justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although multiactor projects are common in international development, existing research centers on perceptions of individual participants. How do citizens in developing countries perceive international development projects involving multiple actors? Do these actors accumulate credit or blame equally? In this study, we argue that multiactor projects can generate more approval than single-actor projects because of perceived actor complementarity. We assess this claim using evidence from Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We implement a large-scale household survey experiment about an infrastructure project involving an international nongovernmental organization (INGO) and a Chinese state-owned enterprise, along with follow-up focus group discussions and a data quality audit. We find that respondents report higher satisfaction toward multiactor projects, in part due to perceived complementarity between actors. However, the actor with a reputation for more stringent standards—the INGO—is more likely to be credited or blamed for positive or negative externalities created by the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water crisis can be solved, as is clear, through joint international and regional efforts that include good intentions and belief in shared interests. This will only come about by concluding legal agreements of an international nature that are respected by the signatory parties. Therefore, the water issue is one of the most complex issues and problems that have faced Turkish-Arab relations, and specifically the relationship with Iraq and Syria, which is also one of the common issues between these countries. Now, the cooperative aspect in this issue was weak, and the weak position comes from the failure of any party to recognize the rights of the other. It believed from the beginning that the water flowing in the Euphrates and Tigris basins is Turkish water because it originates from Turkish land, and therefore it is not legally obligated to give a fixed share to the riparian countries. Despite this, Turkey showed its readiness to cooperate with Iraq and Syria to reach an agreement to supply them with water, provided that this does not conflict with the country's interest in establishing development and economic projects. Therefore, we find that it dealt with this issue in a devious manner. In contrast, others tried to stand in the way of Turkish policy and demanded its legal rights to the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris, but they did not reach a common solution that they agreed upon to confront Turkey's water policy. Rather, there was a disagreement between them that was the most prominent in this issue, which made Turkey exploit this disagreement to its advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs insights from earth science on the financial risk of project developments to present an economic theory of critical minerals. Our theory posits that back-ended critical mineral projects that have unaddressed technical and non-technical barriers, such as those involving lithium and cobalt, exhibit an additional risk for investors which we term the "back-ended risk premium". We show that the back-ended risk premium increases the cost of capital and, therefore, has the potential to reduce investment in the sector. We posit that the back-ended risk premium may also reduce the gains in productivity expected from artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the mining sector. Progress in AI may, however, lessen the back-ended risk premium itself by shortening the duration of mining projects and the required rate of investment by reducing the associated risk. We conclude that the best way to reduce the costs associated with energy transition is for governments to invest heavily in AI mining technologies and research. Vespignani and Smyth present an economic theory of risk in critical minerals they term the "back-ended risk premium." They apply AI approaches to reduce this risk premium and lower costs in energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-evaluates a failed large irrigation enterprise and agricultural plantation in the Khanate of Khiva, an Imperial Russian protectorate in contemporary Uzbekistan, during the 1910s. Co-initiated by Russian entrepreneurs and the Khivan government, this project has been considered one of several lucrative, speculative ventures by Russian capitalists exploiting imperial privileges. This article demonstrates that the entrepreneurs involved in the dacha Lawzan enterprise possessed adequate capital and technology for this large-scale project. However, the project was hampered by legal restrictions put in place by the imperial government and by lingering conflict with nomads in the Khanate and ultimately failed. The case of dacha Lawzan exemplifies government–entrepreneur tension in the colonial territories of Imperial Russia, which impeded the economic development projects initiated by local governments to attract private capital to irrigation and cotton cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communicative planners have long recognized the importance of communication networks for planning outcomes. However, the description of such networks has remained largely static, portraying a network as either positive (collaborative) or negative (power penetrated), which limits the understanding of communication patterns and power dynamics throughout the planning process. An incomplete understanding of complex communication patterns also hinders the ability of planners to mediate between stakeholders in the communication process to achieve beneficial outcomes. Using social network analysis, we filled this research gap by analyzing an entire collection of email exchanges involving key decision makers on an economic development project in Tallahassee (FL) for 6 years. We conclude that this actual communication network fell short of the ideal set by planners: a collaborative network with diverse and interdependent actors engaged in authentic dialogue. Importantly, the actual pattern swayed further away from this ideal when confronted with major financial decisions, suggesting that the weight of certain decisions alters communication networks. We also found that city commissioners were the most engaged actors, indicating that political power established through the electoral process played a more significant role in the communication network. Planners, on the contrary, played a limited bridging role. Planners must pay closer attention to the communication network and dynamics in the planning and policy implementation process and more effectively play the role of a critical friend to help form truly collaborative networks. The use of social network analysis can help reveal the structure of the network and the position of key actors in real time and guide the deliberate actions of planners. In addition, institutional procedures, such as email transparency, are needed to alleviate the informational power imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevalent counterinsurgency theories posit that small development aid projects can help stabilize regions in conflict. A widely assumed mechanism runs through citizen attitudes, often called "winning hearts and minds," where aid brings economic benefits and sways public perceptions, leading to more cooperation and, eventually, less violence. Following a preregistered research design, we test this claim using difference‐in‐differences, leveraging original survey data, and new geocoded information about infrastructure projects in northern Afghanistan. We find that aid improves perceived economic conditions but erodes attitudes toward government and improves perceptions of insurgents. These attitudinal effects do not translate into changes in violence or territorial control. Testing mechanisms, we find projects with robust local consultation have fewer negative attitudinal effects, as do health and education projects. These findings challenge the "hearts and minds" theory but complement the wider literature on legitimacy, suggesting that foreign aid can improve human development but rarely meaningfully brings political stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers have demonstrated conclusively that sports stadiums are not economic development catalysts, stadium projects that include preplanned ancillary developments have been proposed as a salutary strategy to overcome the widely observed dismal economic performance of standalone stadiums. Using an objective rubric for evaluating economic impact studies, we review a commissioned pro forma model that claims to demonstrate net positive fiscal impacts of two prominent publicly-financed stadium-anchored developments. Using assumptions informed by existing research and established discipline standards, the model estimates substantial negative returns for both projects (−$40 to −$60 million in Worcester, Massachusetts and −$100 to −$200 million in Cobb County, Georgia). We find that the reported fiscal surpluses derive from chosen assumptions and not the stadiums' complementary developments. We conclude that pro forma estimates do not provide credible forecasts of fiscal impacts, and ancillary developments do not improve the fiscal returns of stadium projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Rivers of Iron: Railroads and Chinese Power in Southeast Asia" by David Lampton, Selina Ho, and Cheng Chwee Kuik. The book examines China's investments in Southeast Asia, specifically focusing on Chinese infrastructure development and its political implications. The authors argue that Chinese railroads in Southeast Asia offer opportunities for economic development and connectivity, but also pose challenges in terms of political power, economic insecurity, and public perception. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical, domestic, and regional contexts of China's rail development abroad, as well as the diverse responses from Southeast Asian nations. It also explores the potential impact of rail interconnectivity on the competitive landscape of the region and the role of other actors in balancing China's influence. Overall, the book offers valuable insights into the complexities of Chinese power and infrastructure development in Southeast Asia. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales Interdisciplinares is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Good governance ensures sustained development. Good governance in operations and projects for sustained progression and development is a mark of good governments and organizations. In this article, the concept of good governance has been discussed from different perspectives. A multi-method qualitative approach was adopted to comprehend the construct in-depth. A thorough systematic literature review approach was adopted in the first phase, and internationally reputed journals were targeted for literature synthesis. In the second phase, in-depth interviews were conducted. The interview's thematic analysis and a word cloud were developed using NVIVO11 software. Additionally, data was collected using a check sheet regarding good governance from the Project Management Professionals (PMPs) to add to the phenomenon of interest. The study found that the literature is silent on governance issues in the developmental sector and demands extensive research to develop a project governance framework aligned with project context and culture. This study also proposed Good Global Governance (3G) embeddedness in developmental projects for sustained development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we problematize the implementation of smart urban experiments in the resource-rich, Arctic periphery. Our case study is the so-called Norrbotten Technological Megasystem in Sweden, with a specific focus on the mining towns of Malmberget/Gällivare and Kiruna. Kiruna in particular is a well know case study as its urban centre is being relocated due to subsidence caused by underground mining. The new town centre is being developed as a testbed for smart urbanism. We argue that if we look at the nexus between resource extraction and urbanization in Kiruna and Malmberget, we find smart city thinking more aligned to the bottom line of the resource extraction industry rather than being an innovative project to make economic development compatible with broader climate and societal challenges. Methodologically, we use historic analysis and assemblage thinking to look at the territorialization and de-territorialization of resource-extraction in Norrbotten over the last 100 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines OneRedmond's OneEastside SPARK program, which focuses on equity in economic development by collaborating with community-based organizations. Topics discussed include the program's impact on underserved communities, challenges faced during the pandemic, and efforts to provide in-language assistance and resources to minority-owned businesses.

Investment project management is a crucial component of the economic development of any country region, including Ukraine. Each project goes through certain stages in the implementation, while competent management activity plays a very distinct role. The main objectives of this study were to highlight the current issues of project management in the context of building the potential for regional development and to create a model for managing various investment projects that would be most suitable for the majority of Ukrainian entrepreneurs and to increase the efficiency of their functioning. The methods used quite actively in this study were analysis, deduction, induction, historical, modelling and others. The researchers define the essence of the concept of investment project, in particular, as a set of processes (planning, execution, management analysis) where the project is born and implemented. At the same time, all of the processes described above have subcomponents also characterized by certain features. This approach helped to describe in detail and consider the essence of investment project management. This work also shows that the most effective methodology for enterprise managing processes can be network planning and governing. It has certain comparative advantages, helping to depict the future planned management and implementation process in the form of graphs and models and to manage all internal processes during the project life cycle quite effectively, including technological and production steps. Therefore, this work brings new knowledge to the management theory, opening the way to a different view of the basic principles of investment project management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the results of the RIBIERSE-CYTED network, which focuses on the large-scale integration of renewable energies in electrical systems. The network, consisting of researchers and technologists from Ibero-American universities, companies, and local administrations, aims to promote cross-training, mobility, and the dissemination of technical and training activities related to renewable resources and electric mobility. The network has achieved various milestones, including research projects, infrastructure works, technological contracts, degree projects, doctoral theses, patents, internships, mobilities, conferences, courses, and publications. The article emphasizes the commitment of network members and the support provided by the Ibero-American Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED). [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the events and developments during the Mississippi 2024 Legislative session. Topics including the election of new leadership, security concerns; legislative priorities such as healthcare access and streamlining prior authorization processes; the challenges and potential impact of Medicare Advantage plans on patient care and hospital finances; and the importance of physician involvement in legislative advocacy.

Transnational companies in Honduras are suing the government for lost profits, following President Xiomara Castro's decision to overturn laws that supported economic development projects. The companies are seeking international arbitration under the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), claiming that the government's actions threaten their ability to make a profit. The U.S. Embassy in Honduras has been critical of Castro's policies, and there is concern that the U.S. government is supporting opposition to her administration. These investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases pose a significant challenge to the Castro administration's proposed reforms and the future of Honduras. [Extracted from the article]

The conflict between environmental justice and economic development is an issue central to the developing world. Using an interview analysis of community residents, this study seeks to identify whether the formally proposed trans‐shipment hub sited for the Goat Islands in Jamaica is an environmental injustice. The site, situated in the Portland Bight Protected Area, is one of Jamaica's largest fish sanctuaries and provides hundreds in the community with their livelihoods. The hub, which was promoted as an economic development project by the Jamaican government, would have allowed Jamaica to enter into the global trans‐shipment chain, subsequently reaping millions of dollars in profit. Resultant themes include issues related to environmental degradation, displacement of community members, hope for employment opportunities and investments into communities and desire for consultation. While many community residents had concerns regarding the potential location of the logistics hub, there were mixed reactions as to whether this type of development should never be allowed to take place. The study reveals the conundrum that is faced by states when it comes to promoting economic development initiatives. On the one hand, there is a desire for these forms of investment to spur economic advancement, yet on the other hand, the environmental injustices cannot be ignored. Further, the paper reveals the importance of consultation and recognition when development projects are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Origins of Global Economic Governance" by Jamie Martin explores the early development of international economic governance from the 1910s to the 1940s. The book highlights how the World Wars, self-determination movements, and economic crises during this period blurred the lines between national and international affairs. It discusses the emergence of international economic institutions and their impact on state sovereignty, as well as the debates surrounding the democratic legitimacy of institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The author argues that these institutions transformed the exercise of sovereignty in a new international order based on principles of self-determination. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical context and offers potential avenues for further research in the field of international economic governance. [Extracted from the article]

Preserving the environment and promoting sustainable development are essential objectives for a state aimed at improving the standard of living for present and future generations. The depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation are serious concerns for policymakers worldwide. However, to fulfill its role effectively, a state must have strong institutional capacity. Studies have shown that inadequate governance and weak institutional quality are associated with environmental degradation, lower economic growth, unfavorable development outcomes, and increased inequality. Economic and political reforms are necessary to overcome these issues, while the concept of institutional reforms to save the environment is novel and hardly discussed in the earlier literature, especially in the context of BRI countries. So, this study explores the impact of economic and political reforms on the environment by applying a difference-in-differences approach to the data of 45 BRI economies from 2000 to 2022. The empirical findings reveal a negative relationship between economic and political reforms on ecological footprints, emphasizing the need for institutional reform to preserve the environment in the BRI region. Institutional reforms have a significant contribution to environmental sustainability by fostering better governance, political stability, and an environment conducive to reforms-driven decision-making. These reforms can help address the environmental challenges associated with large-scale infrastructure and economic development projects like the BRI, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past 50 years, state and local governments in North America heavily subsidized the construction of professional sports facilities despite the fact that only private activity takes place in these facilities. Proponents of these subsidies frequently claim that they are justified because they represent viable local economic development projects. A proponents claim a new facility will "pay for itself" by generating large tangible economic benefits, including increases in tax revenues. This paper summarizes the existing literature that contains no evidence supporting these claims, along with a new literature containing evidence that professional sports events cause a number of negative urban congestion externalities like increased crime and traffic. The paper also documents trends in subsidization over the past 50 years and discusses reasons why these subsidies persist. The paper emphasizes the role played by my research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs the concepts of sustainability and habitability to define and measure ecological urbanism in informal settlements founded by people who have been forcibly displaced by violence. The objective is to identify the obstacles in meeting the tenets of ecological urbanism in informal settlements. We offer primary research from La Primavera, an informal settlement founded by internally displaced people in the late 1970s, located in the corregimiento El Hatillo of Barbosa, Antioquia in northwestern Colombia. Primary research includes qualitative and quantitative data gathered through 72 surveys and 45 technical assessments of properties and houses in the settlement. Situated between the Aburrá River and the northbound highway, above a gas pipeline and under an electricity pylon, La Primavera exists in a state of extreme risk, exacerbated by increasing migration which threatens to exceed the carrying capacity of the territory. Moreover, in Article 35 of Law 388 of 1997, the territory was declared a protected or restricted area and earmarked for the development of the regional commuter train, called the Tren de Cercanías, in 2017. The case study highlights the contradictions in the development agenda in Colombia by showing how development projects designed for the economic betterment and environmental conservation of the region negatively impact the quality of life for the most vulnerable inhabitants and expose them to greater environmental, economic, and social risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a review of Indigenous engagement in renewable energy projects is conducted and the main elements of energy partnerships between stakeholders and Indigenous partners are discussed. In recent years, Canada has witnessed more significant Indigenous involvement in economic and energy development projects than ever before. For large-scale energy partnerships, the focus is on engagement, financial capital, community buy-in (readiness, and entrepreneurial and business skills), and benefits-sharing with community partners. Equity-ownership, reconciliation, and self-determination intersect with and impact the benefits and sustainability of energy projects, as they are interrelated in the framework of most energy partnerships. This paper illustrates policy disconnects in connection with partnership-making, social outcomes, and decision-making among Indigenous communities. Furthermore, findings from relevant literature explore the nuanced discourse on social implications and capacity challenges that interlink with climate adaptation and reconciliation when promoting large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities. Through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature, we found 80 relevant studies during the screening process, of which 33 were selected for the synthesis. Findings demonstrate that the Crown, energy companies, and community partners need to coordinate and collaborate closely to achieve energy security and sustainable renewable energy. The review suggests that Indigenous engagement in energy partnerships supports positive outcomes for social development and environmental protection among Indigenous communities. The literature suggests that when government and industry mentor in the project implementation process, important positive impacts on energy transitions, and self-sufficiency can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]