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278,537 results on '"ECONOMIC policy"'

1. Digital Payments and Consumption: Evidence from the 2016 Demonetization in India.

Author

Agarwal, Sumit, Ghosh, Pulak, Li, Jing, and Ruan, Tianyue

Subjects
ELECTRONIC funds transfers, CONSUMERS, CONSUMPTION (Economics), FINANCIAL management, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

We study how consumer spending responds to digital payments, using the differential switch to digital payments across consumers induced by the sudden 2016 Indian Demonetization for identification. Digital payment use rose by 2.94 percentage points and monthly spending increased by 2.38% for an additional 10 percentage points in prior cash dependence. Spending remained elevated even when cash availability recovered. Robustness analyses show that the spending response is not driven by purchase substitution, income shocks, credit supply, or price changes. We provide causal evidence that digital payments increase consumer spending due to subdued endowment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Short-term economic dynamism as a policy tool to address supply shortages during crises.

Author

Kalathil, Nikhil, Morgan, Granger M, and Fuchs, Erica R.H

Subjects
ECONOMIC policy, COVID-19 pandemic, SMALL business, MEDICAL masks, SCARCITY
Abstract

This paper investigates the role of short-term economic dynamism in responding to crisis induced supply shortages. We focus on the domestic manufacturing ramp-up of surgical masks, respirators, and their intermediary products in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop a novel method for timely identification and validation of the evolving state of domestic manufacturing. To unpack the activities of domestic manufacturers and related institutions, we triangulate across 56 qualitative interviews, certifications, Thomasnet.com®, industry associations, and other public data. We find that while large manufacturers could rapidly scale up, onshore, or diversify production to enter into domestic production of critical medical supplies, these large manufacturers alone were insufficient to meet the spike in demand. In face of this shortage, small and medium enterprises (SME), who entered into mask and respirator production as de novo firms, spin-offs, and by diversifying, were important in increasing overall domestic capacity and serving markets unmet by large hospital distributors. These firms often had fewer competencies and resources compared to larger firms, and received less effective government support. Despite these disadvantages, a number of SMEs succeeded in entering into domestic production, and our interviews suggest this capacity could have been better integrated into the national response. We propose new theory for how and when federal and state governments should support short-term economic dynamism (firm entry into target products and/or markets) during crises to address supply shortages, and the types of market and network failures federal or state governments may be most effective at addressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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3. Becoming a Leading Player in Protecting the Mountain Environment: The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme and the Path to the 1982 Kathmandu Declaration.

Author

Vonnard, Philippe

Subjects
*ENVIRONMENTAL protection, *MOUNTAINEERING, *WASTE management, *ECONOMIC development, *ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

In La Moitié de la Gloire, Axel Mayenfisch's documentary about the 1952 Swiss expedition to Chomolungma (Mount Everest), André Roch recalls how the retreating climbers simply abandoned much of their gear, either leaving it where it was or "throwing it into holes [crevasses]." Roch's tale was by no means unusual, as mountaineers at that time gave little thought to what became of their waste. By the 1970s, however, climbers were becoming increasingly aware of their impact on the environment. The resulting change of attitude led many mountaineering organizations to take concrete steps to protect the mountains (e.g., cleanup campaigns) and to issue waste management guidelines for trips into the high mountains. The Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme 1982 Kathmandu Declaration—a charter of ten principles for achieving greater harmony with the mountain environment—was an important milestone in this process. Drawing on documents held in the extensive archives of the Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme, the current paper retraces the path that led to the Kathmandu Declaration and the process by which the environment became an important aspect of the aforementioned organization's work. It also examines the hypothesis that the organization has progressively adopted a conservationist stance toward protecting nature; its aim is to reconcile environmental protection and economic development (especially tourism). The history of the Kathmandu Declaration supports this hypothesis, as it shows how the notion of sustainable development, which emerged in the 1980s, came to dominate conceptions of mountain protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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4. CLOSING CHINA.

Author

Stevenson-Yang, Anne

Subjects
*COMMUNISM, *ECONOMIC policy, *ECONOMIC development & politics, *POLITICAL leadership, ECONOMIC conditions in China
Published
2024

5. Today, CHIPS. Tomorrow, Everything.

Author

COLVIN, GEOFF

Subjects
INTEGRATED circuits, SEMICONDUCTOR industry, INVESTMENT tax credit, HIGH technology industries, ECONOMIC competition, FOREIGN investments, ECONOMIC policy
Published
2024

6. Country/Territory Report - Uruguay.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Uruguay is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

7. Country/Territory Report - United Arab Emirates.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for United Arab Emirates is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

8. Country/Territory Report - Lithuania.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Lithuania is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

9. Country/Territory Report - Netherlands.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Netherlands is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

10. Country/Territory Report - Germany.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Germany is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

11. Country/Territory Report - Austria.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Austria is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

12. Country/Territory Report - Malaysia.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Malaysia is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

13. Country/Territory Report - Kenya.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Kenya is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

14. Country/Territory Report - Japan.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Japan is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

15. Country/Territory Report - Ireland.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Ireland is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

16. Country/Territory Report - Hong Kong.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Hong Kong is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

17. Country/Territory Report - Finland.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Finland is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

18. Country/Territory Report - El Salvador.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for El Salvador is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

19. Country/Territory Report - Denmark.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Denmark is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

20. Country/Territory Report - Costa Rica.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Costa Rica is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

21. Country/Territory Report - Belgium.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Belgium is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

22. Country/Territory Report - Chile.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Chile is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

23. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Ukraine.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Ukraine is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

24. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Croatia.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Croatia is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

25. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Peru.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Peru is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

26. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Oman.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Oman is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

27. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - New Zealand.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for New Zealand is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

28. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Mozambique.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Mozambique is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

29. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report- Lesotho.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Lesotho is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

30. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Kyrgyzstan.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Kyrgyzstan is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

31. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Italy.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Italy is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

32. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Honduras.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Honduras is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

33. S&P Global: Country/Territory Report - Ghana.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Ghana is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

34. Asia Monitor: South East Asia Vol 2.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Asian countries including India, is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

35. Latin America Monitor.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Latin American countries is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

36. Asia Monitor: China & North East Asia.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Asian countries, including China, is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

37. Country/Territory Report - Slovenia.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Slovenia is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

38. Country/Territory Report - Peru.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Peru is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

39. Country/Territory Report - Cote d'Ivoire.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Côte d'Ivoire is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

40. Country/Territory Report - Zimbabwe.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Zimbabwe is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

41. Country/Territory Report - Tanzania.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Tanzania is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

42. Country/Territory Report - Russia.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Russia is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

43. Country/Territory Report - Ecuador.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Ecuador is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

44. Country/Territory Report - Venezuela.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Venezuela is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

45. Country/Territory Report - South Africa.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for South Africa is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

46. Country/Territory Report - Hungary.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Hungary is presented from publisher S&P Global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

47. BMI Research: Latin America Monitor: Caribbean.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Latin American countries including Barbados is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

48. Emerging Europe Monitor.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for emerging markets in Europe is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

49. Country/Territory Report - New Zealand.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for New Zealand is presented from publisher S&P global, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

50. Africa Monitor.

Subjects
ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC policy
Abstract

A country report for Africa is presented from publisher BMI, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

Published
2024

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