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James Gwartney, who died in January, left an indelible mark on the world through his intellectual prowess, innovative contributions, relentless pursuit of knowledge, and advocacy of economic freedom. In this [...]

This paper asks whether history should change the way in which economists and economic historians think about populism. We use Müller's definition, according to which populism is 'an exclusionary form of identity politics, which is why it poses a threat to democracy'. We make three historical arguments. First, late‐nineteenth‐century US Populists were not populist. Second, there is no necessary relationship between populism and anti‐globalization sentiment. Third, economists have sometimes been on the wrong side of important policy debates involving opponents rightly or wrongly described as populist. History encourages us to avoid an overly simplistic view of populism and its correlates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional economists wield considerable power as experts and policymakers. Consequently, economists frequently appear in the media, where they comment on current economic issues and assess economic policy options. Despite the status of economists, little is known about the relationship between economists and the media and how economists use the media to promote economic and political interests. Building on the scholarship on the mediatization of expertise, this article analyzes the mediatization of the economist profession. The article draws on 17 semi-structured interviews with Finnish economists who appear frequently in the news media. The findings reveal how institutions from private banks to research institutes use economists to advance their economic and political interests via the media. It is found that using social media and serving journalists are elemental parts of an economist's job description. Furthermore, economists work closely with communications professionals to advance organizational interests. This article argues that further research should analyze how mediatization intertwines with the work of economic experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure (SI) in 'left-behind places' (LBPs) through a case study a former mining village in northern England. We address the understudied affective dimensions of 'left-behindness'. Seeking to move beyond a narrowly economistic of reading LBPs, our framework: strongly emphasises the importance of place attachments and the consequences of their disruption; considers LBPs as 'moral communities', seeing the making of SI as an expression of this; views the unmaking of SI through the lens of 'root shock'; and explains efforts at remaking SI in terms of the articulation of 'radical hope'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2022 John Bates Clark Medal of the American Economic Association was awarded to Oleg Itskhoki, Professor of Economics at the University of California, Los Angeles, for his fundamental contributions [...]

In the context of the debate surrounding and following the Brexit referendum in June 2016, credentialed economic expertise did not enjoy a privileged position within the political and policy debate. Using the contrasting cases of the Office for Budget Responsibility and Economists for Brexit/Free Trade, this paper explores the mobilisation of economic expertise within the discursive politics of Brexit under conditions of pervasive radical uncertainty. It argues that politicisation is an important factor in side-lining technocratic influence over policy choice, but that the particular type of politicisation in play (plebiscitary) meant that the input of technocratic experts was downgraded. It is a politics conducted in another register to the reasoned, evidence-based vernacular of accredited experts and the policy discourses that they work with and through. We also argue that the basic unknowability of the post-Brexit economy further impaired expert input. These limitations were acknowledged by accredited experts themselves, reducing their traction within the policy debate. This unknowability was exploited by forms of counter-expertise mobilised by the Leave campaign. The radical uncertainties of Brexit allowed in heterodox assumptions and approaches to compete on a level playing field with an approximation of what could be presented as prudent best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay surveys both the traditional findings and new debates that have used the Spanish imperial royal financial accounts to analyze the colonial economy and government. The crisis of the seventeenth century, the relations between colonial elites and royal government, the impact of income transfers among treasury offices, the sale of offices, the system of voluntary loans, the eighteenth-century reforms, and the influence of the tax system on the evolution of the colonial economy and society have all created a new set of questions and debates that historians, economists, and political scientists have engaged in. There is both consensus and disagreement on what these numbers mean for various groups in the society as well as long-term institutional developments. Just as new approaches have opened up new area for research, there are also a great deal of unexplored topics that can be developed using the unpublished primary accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do settler colonial governments make policies related to Indigenous nations and peoples? One way is by responding to research. Research, however, is also influenced by public policy and its underlying social stories. In this article, I reflect on the literature published in Canada's premier public policy journal, Canadian Public Policy (CPP), since 1975 and the work published in economics journals to understand the current state of academic policy dialogue in Canada, as constructed by CPP and economists. Fewer than 3 percent of all articles in CPP from inception to the most recent volume focused on Indigenous contexts. A much lower percentage of articles were published in the top 400 ranked economics journals, with 21 articles identified. Most of this literature focuses on education and labour markets or Indigenous rights and self-government, with the former notably more prominent after 2000. I discuss these two streams of literature and confirm findings from the labour market literature with more recent data. In reviewing the literature, it becomes clear that much still remains to be done for research to reflect the full economic realities of Indigenous nations and for policy to make space for Indigenous economic life. Note from the editors: The first volume of Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques was published in 1975, making this the 50th volume. To commemorate, we have organized a series of lectures which are published in this special issue. Dr. Feir gave this lecture in the virtual portion of the meetings of the Canadian Economics Association in May 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the relatively nascent field of multi-modal metaphor research, specifically focusing on the manifestation of the given type of metaphors on the covers of business magazines. For the purpose of this study, a sample of covers from prominent business magazines (including Bloomberg Businessweek, Time Magazine, and The Economist) was collected and analyzed. In this research paper, four types of multi-modal metaphors have been distinguished based on the means of encoding source domains and target domains in verbal and pictorial modes. The study was performed within the theoretical framework of critical metaphor analysis. After analyzing the articles, it has been determined that multi-modal metaphors on business magazine covers can be based on image-schema level metaphors such as POWER IS UP as well as more complex domain-level metaphors such as BUSINESS LEADER IS A RELIGIOUS FIGURE. Covers that rely on multi-modal metaphors help to define the personality of a certain magazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the evolutionary stability of preferences (altruism and envy) in an evolutionary game that infinitely repeats a stage game. In the stage game, players who survived the previous game compete for survival in pairs. By solving the evolutionary game, we show that the survival advantage between altruism and envy depends on whether players' efforts in the stage game are strategic complements or substitutes. With strategic complements, altruistic players have an advantage in survival. With strategic substitutes, envious players have advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the legacy of Gianni Toniolo, an esteemed Italian economic historian and economist, highlighting his significant contributions to the history of the Bank of Italy and policy-oriented economic history. Topics include Toniolo's relationship with the Bank of Italy, his role in promoting economic history as a tool for policymaking, and his efforts to foster dialogue between economists, historians, and policymakers.

The famous sociologist, economist, and historian Chen Han-seng was the founder of the Agrarian China Research Association, publishing influential studies on industrial production and class relations, and their effect on peasant living standards. Through the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), Chen engaged in a theoretical dialogue with liberal intellectuals and responded to American, British, and Soviet theories about Chinese society and rural China. Unlike American IPR scholars, such as John Lossing Buck, whose agenda was to investigate the consumer power of Chinese peasants, Chen's study of living standards emphasized their production capability and the role usury played in it. And unlike the IPR British economists, such as R. H. Tawney, who were generally optimistic about Chinese rural industry, Chen's research proved Chinese industrialization to be unsustainable and to lower peasant living standards. In reaction to these American and British scholars, Chen tactically changed his concept of "living standards" and developed his own theory of Chinese rural economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uncovers the pre-1991 origins of Baltic neoliberal regimes. It highlights the role of the communication networks between reformist economists in the Baltic National Fronts and social forces advocating neoliberalism in Scandinavia and the United States. We assert that those networks functioned as the early carriers of ideational and policy change, even if reform contents were authored by domestic rather than transnational agencies. Firstly, the article previews the structural factors conducive to network formation. Secondly, it examines the networks by highlighting cross-national differences. Finally, it chronicles the idiosyncratic paths of neoliberal reformers' ascendance to the positions of influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the work of economist Ravi Jagannathan, who it notes is the Fellow of the American Finance Association for 2024. It mentions his academic research on topics including the market risk premium, asset pricing, and investor behavior. It says his is a professor at the Kellogg School of Management.

Neoclassical economics has become the predominant school of economic thought, influencing scholarship on management, organizations, and business ethics. However, many feminist economists challenge the individualist and positivist foundations of neoclassical economic epistemology, arguing instead that purportedly gender-neutral and value-free methods routinely and systematically leave out and undervalue women. Extending this proposition, this article introduces the epistemic foundations of feminist economics and illustrates how they can produce novel insights relevant for business ethics. In particular, by examining economic phenomena from the point of view of the people they affect, feminist economic epistemology is able to elucidate the ways in which power asymmetries and gender norms that constitute the social world can be reflected in business practices. I apply this methodological insight to three case studies of global supply chains to challenge the neoclassical assertion that including women in labor markets necessarily catalyzes gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Israel M. Kirzner, more than any other economist in the post-World War II era, has revived our understanding of the systemic role of the entrepreneur as the driving force of [...]

Who could say that Thomas Sowell is underappreciated? Sowell is one of the most famous economists of the past few decades. On April 28, 2023, he had four of the [...]

As has been correctly observed, there can be justice only among equals. Justice from above to below always smacks of condescension or contempt. Justice from below to above has only [...]

Ursula Kathleen Webb Hicks (1896-1985) was the University of Oxford's Lecturer in Public Finance for nearly twenty years. She published a dozen books on public finance and economic development. She [...]

Martineau's Reputation in Her Own Day Although Harriet Martineau is underappreciated today, her writings were widely read during her lifetime, and she was extremely influential in her own time. She [...]

The ways in which epistemic foundations of academic disciplines shape policy paradigms have been an understudied area. We illustrate such dynamics by focusing on paradigm shifts between economics and legal scholarship. Our case study focuses on the evolution of the Finnish corporate tax policy between 1991 and 2014 to illuminate complex policy diffusion through professions. First, in 1993, Finnish corporate tax policy was aligned with the neoclassical ideas of the time in a lawyer-driven process. Second, in the early 2000s, initiatives from the EU and the OECD provided these lawyers a new epistemic source for broadening their argumentation. Third, in the 2010s, the disciplinary base shifted from legal studies to economics, which coincided with administrative reforms emphasizing quantitative impact assessments. These transformations completed the shift from legal scholarship to economics in tax policy design, paving way to the entrance of economic theoretical arguments to tax policy discussions. Our findings highlight five overlapping and mutually reinforcing factors that shape knowledge production in expert groups that influence economic policy: (1) the extent to which politicians rely on expertise; (2) the balance of power between academic disciplines in evidence-based policy-making; (3) the disciplinary base to which the dominant expert groups rely on; (4) the shifts in the epistemological, ontological and methodological mainstream within particular disciplines; and, (5) the extent to which international organizations are seen as epistemic versus policy-driven authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Child labor was a very important issue during the progressive period, which was characterized by the development of social policies, especially regarding the welfare of women and children. The arguments against child labor were not restricted to a moral point of view but attempted to point out the economic dimensions, with several prominent economists of the progressive period becoming involved in this debate. In this paper, we will analyze the way economists in the progressive period approached the issue of child labor, notably through the views of two leading economists of the period that were particularly concerned with this problem, one representing the Protestant economics' strand (Richard T. Ely) and the other the Catholic economics' one (John A. Ryan). We explore the convergence and the nuances in the positions of these two economists in the criticisms against child labor. Finally, we briefly present that important role of several social organizations advocating legislation curbing child labor and the way these networks converged in their activities with progressive economists in disseminating the arguments against child labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the differences in views between men and women Uruguayan economists regarding their opinions about market solutions and government interventions. In line with international evidence, the support for more market-oriented statements is lower among women than men. The study examines the role of age, family background, exposure to economic discussions (proxied by postgraduate education, reading of blogs and press, and academic environment), and personality traits (risk aversion, optimism, and preferences for competition) to explain these gender gaps. The results indicate that gender plays a role in shaping pro-market opinions. The gender differences remain significant after controlling for explanatory variables, though the magnitudes are mild. The findings indicate that achieving gender balance by including women in public debates and decision-making positions would improve the diversity of perspectives in economics. HIGHLIGHTS In Uruguay, women economists are less pro-market than their men colleagues. Personal traits, notably competitiveness, contribute to this gender gap. Including women in decision making improves diversity and quality of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the roots, context, and legacy of economist Oliver Williamson's charge of "what is going on here" as of 2024. Topics covered include the "Carnegie Connection" of his charge, economic theorist Robert Solow's statement, Williamson's influence of other economists of his generation like Ronald Coase and Paul Joskow, and the research of his progeny like Nick Argyres and Joanne Oxley. Also noted is Williamson's scholarly contribution on transaction cost economics.

Research background: The effectiveness of public transport is currently a very significant topic, which is also influencing the total efficiency of the public budget (state or regional). Public transport companies (bus, rail) are usually providing their services under the public contract with the state or regional authority responsible for the ordering of these services, and they are receiving subsidies form the public budget. It is in the interest of all inhabitants that these funds will be used properly, and they will receive the corresponding quality of public transport services. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to evaluate the productive effectiveness of chosen public transport companies operating in the suburban bus transport in Slovakia and Czech Republic. Methods: For evaluating the effectiveness of specific groups of specific groups oi public transport companies, an additive (weighted) approach of Data envelopment analysis (DEA), so-called slack-based model is used. Based on the results from SBM model, individual hypotheses about the significance of efficiency rate are tested using non-parametric Wilcoxon tests for one sample and Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. Findings & Value added: From the results of the efficiency evaluation using SBM DEA model it is obvious that the average productive effectiveness of public transport companies operating under PSO contracts is in general low, with two or three DMU's achieving maximum efficiency within the given group. The significance of the difference in efficiency rate between two compared countries is also negligible. The main advantage of using the additive approach for this evaluation consists in considering the weights of inputs and outputs in the model. Suggested methodology can also be used by public authorities responsible for ordering transport services which are supported from the public budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: It is essential to examine the correlation between liquidity and enterprise activity in the Visegrad Group, which comprises Central European countries, given the current economic conditions. These variables are the basis for economic synergy and operate as crucial factors in determining the financial sustainability and competitiveness of firms in the region. Purpose of the article: This essay aims to offer a comprehensive comprehension of the correlation between liquidity and activity in V4 firms. We examine the reciprocal impact and collective contribution of these two factors on regional economic dynamics. We aim to analyse the fundamental elements that influence this connection and provide precise suggestions for the commercial setting. Methods: We utilised an amalgamation of quantitative and statistical methodologies in order to accomplish the predetermined goals. Median values for specific liquidity and activity indicators among V4 enterprises were computed using Microsoft Excel for the quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the significance of variations between years was evaluated by employing the Friedman test. Findings & Value added: Our research demonstrates that activity and liquidity have a substantial effect on the V4 economy. We have identified and illustrated the variation of important factors that influence this relationship across industries. This article enhances comprehension of economic synergy in the region and provides business leaders, economists, and the general public with an interest in Central European business matters with insightful information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article seeks to explore the interface between language competence requirements as set by EMT and analyzed by PACTE and conceptual metaphor studies. The research strives to provide an assessment of an experiment conducted with three groups of translators - two non-professional ones, e.g. students of English philology in their 4th year with some translation practice and one group comprised of professional translators and university lecturers. Systematic knowledge of the theoretical underpinnings of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is privy to only one of the groups of non-professional translators. The experiment includes a translation of an article from the Economist by all groups. A number of metaphoric units (words and phrases) have been identified in the article on the basis of MIP procedures. The objective of the research is to gauge the importance of metaphoric competence for performing a successful translation. The results obtained from the current study, though not conclusive show that metaphoric competence plays a significant role in translators' competencies. Metaphoric awareness may not be directly linked with Conceptual Metaphor Theory, but it proves vital to the quality of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]