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3,907 results on '"EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)"'

1. Numerical Resolution of McKean-Vlasov FBSDEs Using Neural Networks

Author: Maximilien Germain, Joseph Mikael, Xavier Warin, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), EDF (EDF), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, 65C30, 68T07, 49N80, 35Q89, General Mathematics, McKean-Vlasov FBSDEs, mean-field games, Deep BSDE, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], machine learning, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, MSC 65C30, 68T07, 49N80, 35Q89, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Neural networks
Abstract: We propose several algorithms to solve McKean-Vlasov Forward Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. Our schemes rely on the approximating power of neural networks to estimate the solution or its gradient through minimization problems. As a consequence, we obtain methods able to tackle both mean field games and mean field control problems in moderate dimension. We analyze the numerical behavior of our algorithms on several examples including non linear quadratic models., 29 pages, revised version, to appear in Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability
Published: 2022
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2. Rate of convergence for particle approximation of PDEs in Wasserstein space *

Author: Maximilien Germain, Huyên Pham, Xavier Warin, EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, General Mathematics, Probability (math.PR), Computational Finance (q-fin.CP), [QFIN.CP]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Computational Finance [q-fin.CP], FOS: Economics and business, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: We prove a rate of convergence for the N-particle approximation of a second-order partial differential equation in the space of probability measures, such as the master equation or Bellman equation of the mean-field control problem under common noise. The rate is of order $1/N$ for the pathwise error on the solution v and of order $1/\sqrt{N}$ for the $L^2$ -error on its L-derivative $\partial_\mu v$ . The proof relies on backward stochastic differential equation techniques.
Published: 2022

3. A level-set approach to the control of state-constrained McKean-Vlasov equations: application to renewable energy storage and portfolio selection

Author: Germain, Maximilien, Pham, Huyên, Warin, Xavier, Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: state constraints, Probability (math.PR), Computational Finance (q-fin.CP), neural networks, [QFIN.CP]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Computational Finance [q-fin.CP], FOS: Economics and business, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Mathematics - Optimization and Control, mean-field control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: We consider the control of McKean-Vlasov dynamics (or mean-field control) with probabilistic state constraints. We rely on a level-set approach which provides a representation of the constrained problem in terms of an unconstrained one with exact penalization and running maximum or integral cost. The method is then extended to the common noise setting. Our work extends (Bokanowski, Picarelli, and Zidani, SIAM J. Control Optim. 54.5 (2016), pp. 2568--2593) and (Bokanowski, Picarelli, and Zidani, Appl. Math. Optim. 71 (2015), pp. 125--163) to a mean-field setting. The reformulation as an unconstrained problem is particularly suitable for the numerical resolution of the problem, that is achieved from an extension of a machine learning algorithm from (Carmona, Lauri{\`e}re, arXiv:1908.01613 to appear in Ann. Appl. Prob., 2019). A first application concerns the storage of renewable electricity in the presence of mean-field price impact and another one focuses on a mean-variance portfolio selection problem with probabilistic constraints on the wealth. We also illustrate our approach for a direct numerical resolution of the primal Markowitz continuous-time problem without relying on duality., Comment: To appear in Numerical Algebra, Control and Optimization
Published: 2021

4. Decomposition of High Dimensional Aggregative Stochastic Control Problems

Author: Seguret, Adrien, Alasseur, Clémence, Frédéric Bonnans, J, De Paola, Antonio, Oudjane, Nadia, Trovato, Vincenzo, Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Imperial College London, Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento], University of Trento [Trento], The first, second, third and fifth author thank the FiME Lab (Institut Europlace deFinance). The third author was supported by the PGMO project 'Optimal control of conservationequations', itself supported by iCODE(IDEX Paris-Saclay) and the Hadamard Mathematics LabEx., Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-CREST-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Controle, Optimisation, modèles, Méthodes et Applications pour les Systèmes Dynamiques non linéaires (COMMANDS), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Bath, Center for Sustainable Power Distribution, Imperial College London, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Center for Sustainable Power Distribution [Bath] (CSPD), University of Bath [Bath], Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-CREST-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: 90C39, 65K10, 90C15 13, AMS subject classifications : 93E20,65K10, 90C25, 90C39, 90C15, Stochastic optimization, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, stochastic 11 gradient 12 AMS subject classifications 93E20, 93E20,65K10, 90C25, 90C39, 90C15, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], stochastic gradient, 90C25, Uzawa's algorithm, Lagrangian decomposition
Abstract: We consider the framework of high dimensional stochastic control problem, in which the controls are aggregated in the cost function. As first contribution we introduce a modified problem, whose optimal control is under some reasonable assumptions an ε-optimal solution of the original problem. As second contribution, we present a decentralized algorithm whose convergence to the solution of the modified problem is established. Finally, we study the application to a problem of coordination of energy consumption and production of domestic appliances.
Published: 2021

5. Physical mechanisms and parameters for models of microstructure evolution under irradiation in Fe alloys – Part I: Pure Fe

Author: N. Anento, C.J. Ortiz, Anna Serra, Charlotte Becquart, Christophe Domain, C. Guerrero, J.P. Balbuena, Nicolas Castin, Maria J. Caturla, B. Pannier, Lorenzo Malerba, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Grupo de Nanofísica, Física de la Materia Condensada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Universidad de Alicante, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] [CIEMAT], Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire [SCK-CEN], and Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET]
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Ferro -- Metal·lúrgia, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Iron, Overview, Iron--Metallography, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Set (abstract data type), Coincident, Física Aplicada, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Irradiation, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, Microstructure evolution, Defect properties, TK9001-9401, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Enginyeria dels materials::Metal·lúrgia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Nuclear Energy and Engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: This paper is the first of three that overview the main mechanisms that drive the microstructure evolution in Fe alloys under irradiation. It focuses on pure a-Fe and compiles the parameters that describe quantitatively the mobility and stability of point-defects and especially their clusters, including possible reactions and criteria to decide when they should react. These parameters are the result of several years of calculations and application in microstructure evolution models. They are mainly collected from the literature and the parameter choice tries to reconcile different sets of values that, while being in general qualitatively similar, are often quantitatively not coincident. A few calculation results are presented here for the first time to support specific approximations concerning defect properties or features. Since calculations cannot cover all possible defect configurations, the definition of these parameters often requires educated guesses to fill knowledge gaps. These guesses are here listed and discussed whenever relevant. This is therefore a “hands-on” paper that: (i) collects in a single report most microstructure evolution parameters that are found in the literature for irradiated a-Fe, including a discussion of the most important mechanisms at play based on current knowledge; (ii) selects a ready-to-use set that can be employed in microstructure evolution models, such as those based on object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) methods. This work also identifies parameters that are needed, but not known, hopefully prompting corresponding calculations in the future. This work has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 755039 (M4F project). This research also contributes to the Joint Programme on Nuclear Materials of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA-JPNM).
Published: 2021
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6. Structural characterization of coevaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers deposited at low temperature

Author: Frédérique Donsanti, Laurent Lombez, Thibaud Hildebrandt, Valentin Achard, Daniel Lincot, Marie Jubault, Matteo Balestrieri, Jorge Posada, Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF), Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Diffraction, Grazing incidence diffraction, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Impurity, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Short circuit, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This paper focuses on low temperature (∼390 °C) growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) for high efficiency solar cells. The process developed in this work allows the growth of high quality CIGS thin films on flexible substrates such as polymer foils with lower impurity out-diffusion from the substrate. We carry out advanced analysis of the microstructure of CIGS absorbers prepared using multi-stage coevaporation on polyimide at low temperature leading to state-of-the-art efficiencies exceeding 18%. We also develop a method that can be used to easily interpret the x-ray diffraction data using compositional analysis, when asymmetric or multi-feature peaks are present. This method proves to be particularly useful to rule out in-plane inhomogeneities and undesired phases when in-depth gradients are present. This analysis is combined with electron microscopy and more advanced x-ray analysis (grazing incidence diffraction and pole plots) to create a global model of the film microstructure. We show that the film is composed of at least three stacked layers with different properties and that the microstructure of the layers has an impact on the cell performances. In particular, the short circuit current Jsc is strongly related to the intensity of the (112) peak.
Published: 2019
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7. DeepSets and their derivative networks for solving symmetric PDEs *

Author: Maximilien Germain, Mathieu Laurière, Huyên Pham, Xavier Warin, EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering (ORFE), Princeton University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), and Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Numerical Analysis, deep backward scheme, symmetric neural networks, Applied Mathematics, Probability (math.PR), General Engineering, Computational Finance (q-fin.CP), exchangeability, [QFIN.CP]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Computational Finance [q-fin.CP], Theoretical Computer Science, FOS: Economics and business, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Computational Mathematics, Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Permutation-invariant PDEs, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, mean-field control, Mathematics - Probability, Software
Abstract: International audience; Machine learning methods for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are hot topical issues, and different algorithms proposed in the literature show efficient numerical approximation in high dimension. In this paper, we introduce a class of PDEs that are invariant to permutations, and called symmetric PDEs. Such problems are widespread, ranging from cosmology to quantum mechanics, and option pricing/hedging in multi-asset market with exchangeable payoff. Our main application comes actually from the particles approximation of mean-field control problems. We design deep learning algorithms based on certain types of neural networks, named PointNet and DeepSet (and their associated derivative networks), for computing simultaneously an approximation of the solution and its gradient to symmetric PDEs. We illustrate the performance and accuracy of the PointNet/DeepSet networks compared to classical feedforward ones, and provide several numerical results of our algorithm for the examples of a mean-field systemic risk, mean-variance problem and a min/max linear quadratic McKean-Vlasov control problem.
Published: 2021

8. Solute-point defect interactions, coupled diffusion, and radiation-induced segregation in fcc nickel

Author: Elin Toijer, Julien Vidal, Luca Messina, Charlotte Becquart, Pär Olsson, Christophe Domain, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] [KTH ], Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants [EDF R&D MMC], and Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET]
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Diffusion, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, Context (language use), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 02 engineering and technology, Cubic crystal system, 01 natural sciences, defects, diffusion, irradiation effects, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Embrittlement, Austenite, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Physics - Applied Physics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nickel, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) of solutes in materials exposed to irradiation is a well-known problem.It affects the lifetime of nuclear reactor core components by favoring radiation-induced degradation phenomena such as hardening and embrittlement. In this work, RIS tendencies in face centered cubic (fcc) Ni-X (X = Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Si, P) dilute binary alloys are examined. The goal is to investigate the driving forces and kinetic mechanisms behind the experimentally observed segregation. By means of ab initio calculations, point-defect stabilities and interactions with solutes are determined, together with migration energies and attempt frequencies.Transport and diffusion coefficients are then calculated in a mean-field framework, to get a full picture of solutedefect kinetic coupling in the alloys. Results show that all solutes considered, with the exception of Cr, prefer vacancy-mediated over interstitial-mediated diffusion during both thermal and radiation-induced migration. Cr, on the other hand, preferentially migrates in a mixed-dumbbell configuration. P and Si are here shown to be enriched, and Fe and Mn to be depleted at sinks during irradiation of the material. Ti and Cr, on the other hand, display a crossover between enrichment at lower temperatures, and depletion in the higher temperature range.Results in this work are compared with previous studies in body centered cubic (bcc) Fe, and discussed in the context of RIS in austenitic alloys.
Published: 2021
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9. Neural networks-based algorithms for stochastic control and PDEs in finance *

Author: Germain, Maximilien, Pham, Huyên, Warin, Xavier, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and A. Capponi. and C.A. Lehalle
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [QFIN.CP]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Computational Finance [q-fin.CP]
Abstract: to appear in Machine Learning And Data Sciences For Financial Markets: A Guide To Contemporary Practices. Ed. by A. Capponi. and C.A. Lehalle. Cambridge University Press, 2021. Chap. New Frontiers for Stochastic Control in Finance; International audience; This paper presents machine learning techniques and deep reinforcement learningbased algorithms for the efficient resolution of nonlinear partial differential equations and dynamic optimization problems arising in investment decisions and derivative pricing in financial engineering. We survey recent results in the literature, present new developments, notably in the fully nonlinear case, and compare the different schemes illustrated by numerical tests on various financial applications. We conclude by highlighting some future research directions.
Published: 2021

10. Effect of Ni, Mo and Mn content on spinodal decomposition kinetics and G-phase precipitation of aged model cast austenitic stainless steels

Author: Christophe Domain, C. Pareige, R. Badyka, Sébastien Saillet, J Emo, Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, models alloys, Spinodal decomposition, Kinetics, 02 engineering and technology, Atom probe, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010302 applied physics, Austenite, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Decomposition, Atom probe tomography, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, kinetics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, G-phase precipitation
Abstract: International audience; During ageing, the ferritic phase of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (CASS) undergoes decomposition by spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation, which leads to increasing hardness and decreasing impact toughness. Mo-bearing steels are more prone to ageing than Mo-free steels. To study the effects of Ni, Mo, and Mn, duplex model alloys were thermally aged at 350 and 400°C. The microstructure evolution during ageing was characterized by atom probe tomography. Only Ni additions seem to affect the spinodal decomposition kinetics. Ni accelerates the spinodal decomposition kinetics regardless of the presence of Mo or Mn. Additions of Mo and Mn promote the precipitation of G-phase.
Published: 2021
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11. A coupled meteorological classification and uncertainty interval evaluation approach for long-term noise level estimation

Author: Alarcon, Albert, Ecotiere, David, Gauvreau, Benoit, LEFEVRE, Hubert, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Centre-Est (Cerema Direction Centre-Est), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: LONG-TERM NOISE, UNCERTAINTY INTERVAL, ESTIMATION, ACOUSTIQUE, METEOROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION, METEOROLOGIE, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: Forum Acusticum, LYON, FRANCE, 07-/12/2020 - 11/12/2020; The estimation of the ?long-term? (typically representative of one year period) noise level descriptor LeqLT is a major challenge/issue for the characterization of an environmental acoustic situation, whether it concerns road, rail, industrial or other outdoor noise situations. In this work we study the possibility of estimating the above-mentioned long-term descriptor by combining (i) a classification and variance analysis technique of both observed meteorological and acoustic conditions and (ii) a confidence interval approach to finally estimate the sought descriptor for a longer non-observed period of time. The classification technique is based on a method proposed by the French standard NF S 31-120 concerning the evaluation of the influence of meteorological and ground effects on acoustic levels in an outdoor environment. The long-term noise level is estimated thanks to a confidence interval approach, which width depends on long-term meteorological statistics and on the duration of measurement period. In this context, the theoretical aspects of the coupling of the two techniques are first developed. In a second step, the approach is illustrated through examples using a 2-year database including acoustic and meteorological measurements. In particular, the stability and convergence rate of the interval estimator is studied as a function of the duration of the observed conditions vs. the unobserved conditions over the 2-year reference period. Results show good agreement between the real long-term noise descriptor of the database (LeqLT?xp) and its estimation by means of the proposed technique (LeqLT_th). Furthermore, a discussion is proposed concerning the importance of the observation period length and the classification parameters. As a conclusion, a discussion is proposed concerning the adequacy of this technique to address complex outdoor noise situation where such a long-term descriptor estimation is required.
Published: 2020
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12. A phase field model for dislocation climb under irradiation: Formalism and applications to pure bcc iron and ferritic alloys

Author: Alexandre Legris, Gabriel Franck Bouobda Moladje, Ludovic Thuinet, Charlotte Becquart, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Thermal equilibrium, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Crystallographic defect, Mechanics of Materials, Jog, 0103 physical sciences, Dislocation climb, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Climb, Phase-field, General Materials Science, Irradiation, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology, Rate of climb, Radiation induced segregation
Abstract: International audience; A phase-field model allowing to describe dislocation climb under irradiation is presented. Whereas previous phase-field models of the literature devoted to this phenomenon only take into account vacancies, our approach includes the effect of self interstitial atoms (SIAs) as required in the context of irradiated metals. Beyond the fact that it rigorously ensures the balance between the quantity of point defects, vacancies and SIAs, absorbed or emitted by the loop and the loop evolution, the present model has several originalities. First, it is capable to quantify the climb rate for systems far from equilibrium, which is commonly the case under irradiation. This required supplemental methodological developments since we clearly show that a mere generalization of existing phase-field models is not satisfactory to tackle this specificity. Secondly, it alleviates the often adopted assumption of perfect sink through the introduction of a kinetic parameter related to the dislocation jog density. A preliminary generic study of dislocations considered as nonperfect sinks leads to nonintuitive results, since the climb rate decreases when the dislocation jog density increases. Thirdly, the possibility to consider different types of interacting microstructural defects in the model allows to show the significant role of the point defect thermal equilibrium fractions on the climb rate in pure bcc iron under irradiation conditions. Finally, the climb model is coupled to the chemical diffusion equations in the same phase-field formalism. For this purpose, a multi-time step algorithm is proposed in order to couple phenomena with different characteristic time scales by several orders of magnitude, namely climb, point defect and chemical diffusion. It allows to study the interaction between the motion of the dislocation and the well-known phenomenon of radiation induced segregation in a Fe–Cr alloy. It is shown that the shape and size of the solute atmosphere can strongly depend on the dislocation motion under irradiation.
Published: 2020
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13. A DFT-driven multifidelity framework for constructing efficient energy models for atomic-scale simulations

Author: Mihai-Cosmin Marinica, Luca Messina, Giovanni Bonny, Alexandra Goryaeva, Alessio Quaglino, Christophe Domain, Rolf Krause, Nicolas Castin, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Artificial neural network, Computer science, Reliability (computer networking), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Physical information, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Energy (signal processing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Efficient energy use
Abstract: The reliability of atomistic simulations depends on the quality of the underlying energy models providing the source of physical information, for instance for the calculation of migration barriers in atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Accurate (high-fidelity) methods are often available, but since they are usually computationally expensive, they must be replaced by less accurate (low-fidelity) models that introduce some degrees of approximation. Machine-learning techniques such as artificial neural networks can be employed to work around this limitation and extract the needed parameters from large databases of high-fidelity data. However, the latter are often computationally expensive to produce. This work introduces an alternative method based on the multifidelity approach. Correlations between high-fidelity and low-fidelity predictions are exploited to make an educated guess of the high-fidelity value based only on quick low-fidelity estimations, to be used for instance as an efficient and reliable source of physical data for atomistic simulations. With respect to neural networks, this approach requires less training data because of the lower amount of fitting parameters involved. The method is tested on the prediction of ab initio formation and migration energies of vacancy diffusion in iron-copper alloys, and compared with the neural networks trained on the same database.
Published: 2020
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14. Influence of vacancy diffusional anisotropy: Understanding the growth of zirconium alloys under irradiation and their microstructure evolution

Author: Alexandre Legris, Antoine Ambard, Ludovic Thuinet, Benjamin Christiaen, Christophe Domain, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF Hazel Hen at HLRS in Germany 2016153636, Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Anisotropic diffusion, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Diffusion Anisotropy, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Diffusion (business), Anisotropy, 010302 applied physics, Condensed matter physics, Zirconium alloy, Metals and Alloys, Multi-scale modeling, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Growth under irradiation, Ceramics and Composites, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Zirconium, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this work, we propose a series of Object Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations complemented by an analytical model that allows rationalizing a certain number of experimental facts related to the growth of high purity, recrystallized zirconium alloys under irradiation. Our vision of the phenomenon rests essentially on vacancy diffusion anisotropy (with faster diffusion in the basal planes than perpendicular to them) that is necessary to lead to the formation of layers of prismatic interstitial dislocation loops parallel to the basal plane. The acceleration of the deformation under irradiation and this localization of the damage are strongly connected. An analytical model developed using the concepts of difference of anisotropic diffusion between vacancies and interstitials makes it possible to account for the observed phenomena.
Published: 2020
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15. Pressure torque of torsional Alfvén modes acting on an ellipsoidal mantle

Author: Felix Gerick, Dominique Jault, Jerome Noir, Jérémie Vidal, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut für Geophysik [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Physics, Angular momentum, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary core, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mechanics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ellipsoid, Mantle (geology), Physics::Geophysics, Physics - Geophysics, Core, Earth rotation variations, Numerical modelling, Geophysics, Flow velocity, Geochemistry and Petrology, Fluid dynamics, Torque, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We investigate the pressure torque between the fluid core and the solid mantle arising from magnetohydrodynamic modes in a rapidly rotating planetary core. A two-dimensional reduced model of the core fluid dynamics is developed to account for the non-spherical core-mantle boundary. The simplification of such a quasi-geostrophic model rests on the assumption of invariance of the equatorial components of the fluid velocity along the rotation axis. We use this model to investigate and quantify the axial torques of linear modes, focusing on the torsional Alfv\'en modes (TM) in an ellipsoid. We verify that the periods of these modes do not depend on the rotation frequency. Furthermore, they possess angular momentum resulting in a net pressure torque acting on the mantle. This torque scales linearly with the equatorial ellipticity. We estimate that for the TM calculated here topographic coupling to the mantle is too weak to account for the variations in the Earth's length-of-day., Comment: accepted in Geophysical Journal International
Published: 2020
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16. Determination of photo-induced Seebeck coefficient for hot carrier solar cell applications

Author: Olivier Durand, Laurent Lombez, Hamidreza Esmaielpour, Jean-François Guillemoles, Soline Boyer-Richard, Daniel Suchet, Alexandre Beck, Amaury Delamarre, Alain Le Corre, Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Tokyo NextPV, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Seebeck coefficient, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Thermoelectric effect, Solar cell, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Science::Other, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Voltage
Abstract: International audience; Determination of Seebeck coefficient is a practical technique to investigate the direct conversion of hot carrier energy to electric voltage. However, this study is challenging, especially in nanostructured materials using traditional measurements via heaters and electric contacts. Here, we investigate photo-induced Seebeck effects of InGaAs multi-quantum-well structure via a contact-less measurement (photoluminescence spectroscopy). We have determined thermodynamic properties of hot carriers via fitting the emitted photoluminescence spectra with the generalized Planck's law. We have observed a linear dependence between the gradient of carrier temperature and the quasi-Fermi level splitting of photo-generated hot carriers at various lattice temperatures, which is associated with thermoelectric effects in the system.
Published: 2020
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17. Neural networks-based backward scheme for fully nonlinear PDEs

Author: Huyên Pham, Maximilien Germain, Xavier Warin, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Finance des Marchés d'Energie (FiME Lab), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CREST-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), EDF (EDF), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Economique (ENSAE ParisTech), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-CREST-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation (LPSM (UMR_8001))
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Hessian matrix, Automatic differentiation, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, fully nonlinear PDEs in high dimension, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Dimension (vector space), [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, fully nonlinear PDEs in high dimension MSC Classification: 60H35, 0103 physical sciences, Deep neural networks, FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE), 0101 mathematics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics, Numerical Analysis, Partial differential equation, Artificial neural network, Applied Mathematics, Numerical analysis, Probability (math.PR), 010102 general mathematics, 65M12, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Computational Mathematics, Nonlinear system, Optimization and Control (math.OC), symbols, 65C20, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Portfolio optimization, Analysis, Mathematics - Probability, Neural networks, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We propose a numerical method for solving high dimensional fully nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Our algorithm estimates simultaneously by backward time induction the solution and its gradient by multi-layer neural networks, while the Hessian is approximated by automatic differentiation of the gradient at previous step. This methodology extends to the fully nonlinear case the approach recently proposed in \cite{HPW19} for semi-linear PDEs. Numerical tests illustrate the performance and accuracy of our method on several examples in high dimension with nonlinearity on the Hessian term including a linear quadratic control problem with control on the diffusion coefficient, Monge-Amp{\`e}re equation and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation in portfolio optimization., Comment: to appear in SN Partial Differential Equations and Applications
Published: 2020
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18. Thermodynamic modeling of G-phase and assessment of phase stabilities in reactor pressure vessel steels and cast duplex stainless steels

Author: Gilles Adjanor, Christophe Domain, Patrick Todeschini, Aurélie Jacob, Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Intermetallic, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Thermodynamic model, Thermodynamic database, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Duplex (building), 0103 physical sciences, Multicomponent systems, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Literature survey, CALPHAD, Reactor pressure vessel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Thermodynamic modeling of G-phase in iron-based multicomponent systems was revised and updated by means of a careful literature survey. The thermodynamic parameters were optimized based on DFT data. Additionally intermetallic phases with possible competition to G-phase in multicomponent systems were also optimized. The thermodynamic model parameters were added to multicomponent thermodynamic database and used for calculation of technological steels and possible competition between phases are tested and shown.
Published: 2020
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19. Advanced analysis for hot-carriers photoluminescence spectrum

Author: François Gibelli, Hamidreza Esmaielpour, Nicolas Cavassilas, Maxime Giteau, Jean-François Guillemoles, Daniel Suchet, Amaury Delamarre, Yoshitaka Okada, Dac-Trung Nguyen, Laurent Lombez, Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], University of Tokyo NextPV, Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology [Tokyo] (RCAST), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Steady state, Chemical substance, Photoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, Quantum dot, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, symbols, Density of states, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Planck, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum well
Abstract: Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the properties of photo-generated hot carriers in materials in steady state conditions. Hot carrier temperature can be determined via fitting the emitted PL spectrum with the generalized Planck’s law. However, this analysis is not trivial, especially for nanostructured materials, such as quantum wells, with a modified density of states due to quantum confinement effects. Here, we present comprehensively different methods to determine carrier temperature via fitting the emitted PL spectrum with the generalized Planck’s law and discuss under what conditions it is possible to simplify the analysis.
Published: 2020
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20. PERITHEL. Formes (péri)urbaines, transport, habitat, énergie, environnement, localisation : un bilan prospectif

Author: Raux, Charles, Charmes, Éric, Grassot, Lény, sévenet, marie, Maizia, Mindjid, Sefsaf, Martine, Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports (LAET), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherches Interdisciplinaires Ville, Espace, Société (RIVES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), European Institute For Energy Research (EIFER), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Programme ADEME APR MODEVAL URBA, LAET (Lyon, France), EIFER (European Institute For Energy Research), RIVES (Recherches Interdisciplinaires Ville, Espace, Société), CITERES (CItés, TERritoires, Environnement et Sociétés), Universität Karlsruhe (TH)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Mobilité, Lyon, Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Projet PERITHEL, Formes périurbains, Formes urbaines, Scénarios, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Configurations spatio-fonctionnelles
Abstract: Le projet PERITHEL vise à définir ce que pourraient être les organisations spatiales et les configurations urbaines souhaitables – ou du moins, acceptables –, aux plans économique, social et environnemental, en tenant compte : des impacts environnementaux, et notamment les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, liés à la mobilité des personnes, mobilité qui doit tenir compte de la localisation des ménages et des coûts supportés par les ménages pour leurs mobilités et leur logement. Ces questions sur les formes urbaines durables sont inscrites dans des échelles temporelles et spatiales bien définies :• deux échelles de temps long. Un horizon 2030 d’une part, et 2050 d’autre part, horizon du « facteur 4 » ; • l’échelle spatiale des territoires étudiés : agglomérations de Lyon, Strasbourg et Mulhouse, ainsi que leurs territoires périurbains. Au plan empirique mais aussi prospectif, le projet simule divers scénarios de formes urbaines contrastées définies dans le cadre du projet.
Published: 2020

21. Elastic dipole tensors and relaxation volumes of point defects in concentrated random magnetic Fe-Cr alloys

Author: Sergei L. Dudarev, Pär Olsson, Duc Nguyen-Manh, Tomasz Wejrzanowski, Luca Messina, Christophe Domain, Jan S. Wróbel, Marcin Roland Zemła, Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, General Computer Science, Magnetism, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Vacancy defect, Antiferromagnetism, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Magnetic moment, Condensed matter physics, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Crystallographic defect, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 0104 chemical sciences, Computational Mathematics, Dipole, Ferromagnetism, Mechanics of Materials, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Point defects in body-centred cubic Fe, Cr and concentrated random magnetic Fe-Cr are investigated using density functional theory and theory of elasticity. The volume of a substitutional Cr atom in ferromagnetic bcc Fe is approximately 18\% larger than the volume of a host Fe atom, whereas the volume of a substitutional Fe atom in antiferromagnetic bcc Cr is 5\% smaller than the volume of a host Cr atom. Elastic dipole $\boldsymbol{P}$ and relaxation volume $\boldsymbol{\Omega}$ tensors of vacancies and self-interstitial atom (SIA) defects exhibit large fluctuations, with vacancies having negative and SIA large positive relaxation volumes. Dipole tensors of vacancies are nearly isotropic across the entire alloy composition range, with diagonal elements $P_{ii}$ decreasing as a function of Cr content. Fe-Fe and Fe-Cr SIA dumbbells are more anisotropic than Cr-Cr dumbbells. Fluctuations of elastic dipole tensors of SIA defects are primarily associated with the variable crystallographic orientations of the dumbbells. Statistical properties of tensors $\boldsymbol{P}$ and $\boldsymbol{\Omega}$ are analysed using their principal invariants, suggesting that point defects differ significantly in alloys containing below and above 10\% at. Cr. The relaxation volume of a vacancy depends sensitively on whether it occupies a Fe or a Cr lattice site. A correlation between elastic relaxation volumes and magnetic moments of defects found in this study suggests that magnetism is a significant factor influencing elastic fields of defects in Fe-Cr alloys., Comment: 27 pages, 7 tables, 16 figures
Published: 2020
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22. Macroscopic model of fluid structure interaction in cylinder arrangement using theory of mixture

Author: Elisabeth Longatte, A. Gineau, Didier Lucor, Pierre Sagaut, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, General Computer Science, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], Flow (psychology), General Engineering, Context (language use), Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Cylinder (engine), law.invention, 010101 applied mathematics, Vibration, Flow velocity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Fluid–structure interaction, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0101 mathematics, Conservation of mass, Displacement (fluid)
Abstract: International audience; In the framework of the theory of mixture, the dynamic behaviour of solid cylinder bundles submitted to external hydrodynamic load exerted by surrounding viscous fluid flow is described. Mass conservation and momentum balance formulated on an elementary domain made of a given volume of mixture give rise to a system of coupled equations governing solid space-averaged displacement, fluid velocity and pressure provided that near-wall hydrodynamic load on each vibrating cylinder is expressed as a function of both fluid and solid space-averaged velocity fields. Then, the ability of the macroscopic model to reproduce over time an averaged flow surrounding vibrating cylinders in a large array in the context of small magnitude displacements is pointed out. Numerical solutions obtained on a two-dimensional configuration involving an array of several hundreds of cylinders subjected to an impulsional load are compared to those provided by averaged well-resolved microscopic-scale solutions. The relative error is less than 3% in terms of displacement magnitude and 5% for frequency delay. The proposed macroscopic model does not include any assumption on relative effect contributions to mechanical exchanges occurring in the full domain. Therefore it features interesting properties in terms of fluid solid interaction prediction capabilities. Moreover it contributes to a significant gain in terms of computational time and resources. Further developments are now required in order to extent the formulation to large magnitude displacements including three-dimensional effects. This could be recommended for investigations on fuel assembly vibration risk assessment in Pressure Water, Fast Breeder reactors at a whole core scale or any other large-scale mechanical system involving some kind of periodic geometry.
Published: 2020
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23. Numerical Characterization of Acoustic Properties of A Novel Bio-based Porous Epoxy Resin

Author: Nguyen, Quoc Bao, Nguyen, Vu-Hieu, Anda, Agustun Rios De, Versace, Davy-Louis, Renard, Estelle, Naili, Salah, Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], sound absorption of bio-based porous epoxy resin, photopolymerization, homogenization, effective properties, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Sound absorbing porous materials are widely used for protection and insulation applications. In recent years, the development of recyclable bio-based porous materials have aroused a great interest to replace petroleum-based traditional materials. This work aims for studying, in particular, acoustic properties of a novel bio-based porous epoxy resin obtained by an adapted combination of cationic photopolymerization and porogen leaching technique. A multiscale framework was proposed for studying the acoustic absorption performances of a plate-like panel made of this kind of material. To do so, the asymptotic homogenization method was first used to estimate the effective properties of the elaborated material, which has fillet-edge cubic pore shapes according to the SEM (Scanning electron microscope) images. The finite element method was used to solve the cell problems and compute the effective properties. The sound absorption of a plate made by the equivalent poroelastic material with rigid impervious backing under a normal incidence was then studied. The validation was done by comparing the numerical estimation of equivalent dynamic density and bulk modulus to corresponding experimental results obtained by using the three-microphone impedance tube testing on several elaborated samples. A parametric study was carried out to investigate influence of the porosity, the pore arrangement, and the pore size on effective properties and sound absorption performances of the material. The obtained results should be very useful for improve the elaboration process of these materials in order to optimize, in particular, the sound absorption performances of isolation structures.
Published: 2020
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24. Screening of occupational exposure to asbestos and silica by job-exposure matrix among patients with lung cancer and mesothelioma

Author: A. Quignette, E. Lorentz, T. Despreaux, Alexis Descatha, T. Chinet, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, [STAT]Statistics [stat], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3. Good health
Abstract: Resume Introduction Dans un contexte de sous-declaration des maladies professionnelles, l’objectif a ete d’evaluer la validite de matrices emplois-expositions silice et amiante pour le depistage des expositions professionnelles dans le domaine de l’oncologie thoracique. Methodes Cinquante patients hospitalises pour cancer bronchopulmonaire ou mesotheliome dans un centre hospitalo-universitaire des Hauts-de-Seine ont ete inclus entre novembre 2016 et septembre 2017. Ils ont tous eu 1/un curriculum laboris dont les donnees ont ete saisies en simple aveugle dans les matrices par une interne en medecine du travail, 2/un questionnaire (Q-SPLF) recueilli selon les memes modalites, et 3/une consultation de pathologie professionnelle avec un medecin specialiste, constituant la methode de reference. Le critere de jugement principal etait la performance diagnostique des matrices. Celle du Q-SPLF a egalement ete etudiee. Resultats Les sensibilites des matrices amiante et silice etaient de 100 %, les specificites respectivement de 76,1 % et 87,8 %, les rapports de vraisemblance positifs de 4,19 [2,5-6] et 8,17 [3,8–10], et les rapports de vraisemblance negatifs de 0. La performance diagnostique du Q-SPLF etait comparable. Conclusion Les performances des matrices et du questionnaire semblent interessantes pour le depistage d’expositions professionnelles. Ces resultats sont a confirmer par des etudes portant sur un plus large effectif.
Published: 2019
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25. A comparison between Monte Carlo simulation and finite-volume scheme for reliability assessment of multi-state physics systems

Author: Yan-Hui Lin, Yan-Fu Li, Enrico Zio, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Beihang University (BUAA), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), and Ecole Centrale Paris-SUPELEC-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Risk, Scheme (programming language), Mathematical optimization, Carlo simulation method, Piecewise-deterministic Markov process Monte, Process (engineering), 020209 energy, Monte Carlo method, Monte Carlo simulation method, Piecewise-deterministic Markov process, Markov process, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, Physics-based model, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Dependent degradation processes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Reliability (statistics), computer.programming_language, Finite-volume scheme, Multi-state model, Finite volume method, System dynamics, Reliability and Quality, symbols, Safety, computer
Abstract: International audience; Multi-state physics systems (MSPS) modeling framework incorporates multi-state models that describes the systems degradation/maintenance process through transitions among discrete states, and physics-based models that describe the degradation process within the states by using physics knowledge and equations. In previous works, piecewise-deterministic Markov process (PDMP) has been adopted to treat the system dynamics and the degradation dependence in MSPS. For reliability assessment, Monte Carlo simulation and finite-volume method are two widely used numerical approaches to solve PDMP. In the present work, a comparative study considering different evaluation criteria of the two approaches is conducted on two representative case studies. We provide clear guidelines for the selection of the two approaches.
Published: 2018
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26. Material challenges for solar cells in the twenty-first century: directions in emerging technologies

Author: Ryo Tamaki, Naoya Miyashita, Tomofumi Hamamura, Nicolas Cavassilas, Nazmul Ahsan, Haibin Wang, Laurence Vignau, Ludmila Cojocaru, Thierry Toupance, Arnaud Etcheberry, Kentaro Watanabe, Daniel Suchet, Sylvain Chambon, Camille Geffroy, Maxime Giteau, Benoit Behaghel, Samy Almosni, Takaya Kubo, Katsuhisa Yoshida, Eric Cloutet, Zacharie Jehl, Laurent Lombez, Camille Ibrahim, Tomoyuki Inoue, Yoshiaki Nakano, Yasushi Shoji, M. Paire, Céline Olivier, Jean-François Guillemoles, Andrea Cattoni, Hiroshi Segawa, Damien Aureau, Georges Hadziioannou, Satoshi Uchida, Anatole Julian, Pierre Rale, Yoshitaka Okada, Masakazu Sugiyama, Stéphane Collin, Léa Tatry, François Gibelli, Muriel Bouttemy, Amaury Delamarre, University of Tokyo NextPV, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology [Tokyo] (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères organiques (LCPO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), EDF (EDF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-TOTAL FINA ELF, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Engineering, energy conversion, 502 Electron spectroscopy, Emerging technologies, lcsh:Biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, semiconductors, Energy transition, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Photovoltaics, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, 209 Solar cell / Photovoltaics, lcsh:TA401-492, luminescence, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Energy transformation, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 206 Energy conversion / transport / storage / recovery, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Twenty-First Century, 50 Energy Materials, 505 Optical / Molecular spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Focus on Overview of innovative materials for energy, 13. Climate action, efficiency, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Electricity, nanotechnologies, 0210 nano-technology, business, devices
Abstract: Photovoltaic generation has stepped up within the last decade from outsider status to one of the important contributors of the ongoing energy transition, with about 1.7% of world electricity provided by solar cells. Progress in materials and production processes has played an important part in this development. Yet, there are many challenges before photovoltaics could provide clean, abundant, and cheap energy. Here, we review this research direction, with a focus on the results obtained within a Japan–French cooperation program, NextPV, working on promising solar cell technologies. The cooperation was focused on efficient photovoltaic devices, such as multijunction, ultrathin, intermediate band, and hot-carrier solar cells, and on printable solar cell materials such as colloidal quantum dots.
Published: 2018
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27. Modelling the primary damage in Fe and W: influence of the short-range interactions on the cascade properties: Part 2 – multivariate multiple linear regression analysis of displacement cascades

Author: Charlotte Becquart, Christophe Domain, Andrée De Backer, Pär Olsson, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy [CCFE], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] [KTH ], and Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants [EDF R&D MMC]
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Multivariate statistics, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Radiation damage, Primary damage, Displacement cascades, Primary knock on atom, Metallic alloys, Empirical potentials, Multivariate multiple regression analysis, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Displacement (vector), [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Sphericity, Molecular dynamics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Cascade, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Stopping power (particle radiation), General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Radiation damage, Primary damage, Displacement cascades, Primary knock on atom, Metallic alloys, Empirical potentials, Multivariate multiple regression analysis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Neutrons and high energy ions create displacement cascades in materials, which have been simulated using Molecular Dynamics, for many decades now. The breakthrough of this work is to explore in a large statistics of more than 70 0 0 cascades the relation between early cascade morphology and the final primary damage using a multivariate multiple regression analysis. For two energies in Fe and W, the total number of defects, the number of SIA and vacancy clusters and their full size distributions have been characterized using a multivariate multiple linear regression analysis based on 7 descriptors of the primary damage and 3 morphology descriptors. We find that the combination of the volume and the sphericity is significant. This analysis highlights several cascade properties, among them, that the large and spherical cascades create less defects and in particular, less mono defects than small and fragmented ones. 13 interatomic potentials differing either by their equilibrium part or the way they were hardened have been included in this study and the multivariate analysis shows that the choice of potential has a limited influence on the total number of defects but a large one on the number of mono vacancies. On average, soft potentials create cascades of larger volume, smaller sphericity and producing more defects than hard potentials. Finally, the formation of vacancy clusters is different in Fe than in W. In Fe, the fraction of vacancies in clusters is larger than that of SIAs and larger vacancy clusters are created than SIA clusters. In W, it is the opposite. The reasons are the differences of stopping power and threshold displacement energies, which result in different spatial distributions of open volumes that form during the expansion stage of the cascade. ?
Published: 2021
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28. An integration technique for 3D curved cracks and branched discontinuities within the extended Finite Element Method

Author: Bertrand Paul, Nicolas Moës, Marcel Ndeffo, Patrick Massin, IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques ( CREGU ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles ( IMSIA - UMR 9219 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Level set method, [ INFO.INFO-NA ] Computer Science [cs]/Numerical Analysis [cs.NA], Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Classification of discontinuities, 01 natural sciences, Level set, Quadratic equation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Convergence (routing), level-set-method, 0101 mathematics, curved geometries, high order approximation, Extended finite element method, Mathematics, XFEM, Applied Mathematics, General Engineering, [INFO.INFO-NA]Computer Science [cs]/Numerical Analysis [cs.NA], Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, Numerical integration, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, numerical integration, Analysis
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we present a robust procedure for the integration of functions discontinuous across arbitrary curved interfaces defined by means of level set functions for an application to linear and quadratic eXtended Finite Elements. It includes the possibility to have branching discontinuities between the different sub-domains. For the volume integration, integration subcells are built from the approximation mesh, in order to obtain an accurate approximation of the sub-domains. The set of subcells we get constitutes the integration mesh, which can also be used by the visualization tools. Then, we extract the faces of these integration subcells that coincide with the sub-domain boundaries, allowing us to perform surface integrations on the sub-domain boundaries. When combined with the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) optimal convergence rates are obtained with curved geometries for both linear and quadratic elements.
Published: 2017
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29. Investigation of solute segregation behavior using a correlative EBSD/TKD/APT methodology in a 16MND5 weld

Author: Patrick Todeschini, Bertrand Radiguet, Leifeng Zhang, Christophe Domain, Philippe Pareige, Yang Shen, Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), ANR-11-EQPX-0020,GENESIS,Groupe d'Etudes et de Nanoanalyses des Effets d'IrradiationS(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Misorientation, 02 engineering and technology, Atom probe, Intergranular corrosion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Acicular ferrite, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Carbide, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Grain boundary, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract: In the present study, a correlative Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD)/Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD)/Atom Probe Tomography (APT) methodology was used to investigate the solute segregation behavior in a low-alloyed weld. Three dimensional chemical information was correlated to the crystallographic features of Grain Boundaries (GBs). The steel has a complex microstructure of acicular ferrite and intergranular carbides. About 78% High Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGBs, with about 12% Σ3 HAGBs) and about 22% Low Angle Grain Boundaries (LAGBs) were observed. APT analyses revealed the segregation of one element or several chemical species (C, P, Mn, Si, Ni, Cr and Mo) at GBs or carbide-ferrite interfaces. Taking into account the nature of segregants and the five-parameter GB crystallography, both interstitial and substitutional segregation behaviors were discussed. The results reveal a significant influence of misorientation angle (or deviation angle) on interstitial segregation for LAGBs (or Σ3 special HAGBs) and also a strong influence of the GB plane on substitutional segregation for Σ3 special HAGBs and general HAGBs.
Published: 2019
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30. Cu depletion on Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 surfaces investigated by chemical engineering: An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy approach

Author: Solene Bechu, Muriel Bouttemy, Anais Loubat, Jackie Vigneron, Jean-François Guillemoles, Arnaud Etcheberry, Daniel Lincot, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Period (periodic table), Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Quaternary compound, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Chemical engineering, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film solar cell, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Photovoltaic cells based on CIGS [Cu(In,Ga)Se2] absorber technology are among the most efficient thin film solar cells and already an industrial reality. Room for improvement is still possible in the manufacturing process to approach the theoretical ultimate efficiency. This not only requires an optimal absorber material but also the control of the CIGS interface chemistry, especially at the front side with the buffer layer which represents one of the main challenges. In this paper, thanks to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the CIGS surface chemical composition is studied after acid (HCl) and basic (KCN) samples dipping. Both are regularly employed to prepare CIGS surfaces. XPS monitoring of the surface composition evolution under air aging at an ambient atmosphere and over a period of 120 days is presented, bringing fundamental information about the surface oxidation trends. If the HCl treatment gives a remarkable deoxidation state for the CIGS surface, it also yields a slightly Se enriched surface indicating the presence of a Cu2–xSe binary side phase, which is totally removed, as expected, by the KCN process. The present comparative study based on intentional air aging of starting HCl and KCN treated surfaces sheds light on the reorganization mechanism of this I-III-VI quaternary compound toward oxidation of clean CIGS surfaces, in ambient conditions. The oxidation process occurs concomitantly with an Na migration toward the surface, with soda-lime glass at the back contact, acting as a nonlimiting supply, asking the question of a surface mechanistic correlation during the CIGS surface oxidation.Photovoltaic cells based on CIGS [Cu(In,Ga)Se2] absorber technology are among the most efficient thin film solar cells and already an industrial reality. Room for improvement is still possible in the manufacturing process to approach the theoretical ultimate efficiency. This not only requires an optimal absorber material but also the control of the CIGS interface chemistry, especially at the front side with the buffer layer which represents one of the main challenges. In this paper, thanks to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the CIGS surface chemical composition is studied after acid (HCl) and basic (KCN) samples dipping. Both are regularly employed to prepare CIGS surfaces. XPS monitoring of the surface composition evolution under air aging at an ambient atmosphere and over a period of 120 days is presented, bringing fundamental information about the surface oxidation trends. If the HCl treatment gives a remarkable deoxidation state for the CIGS surface, it also yields a slightly Se enric...
Published: 2019
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31. A combined experimental-numerical lamellar-scale approach of tensile rupture in arterial medial tissue using X-ray tomography

Author: Jérôme Adrien, Eric Maire, Pierre Badel, Baptiste Pierrat, J. Brunet, Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, Scale (ratio), Swine, Finite Element Analysis, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Tensile Strength, Ultimate tensile strength, Animals, Lamellar structure, Sensitivity (control systems), Aorta, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Delamination, 030206 dentistry, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Elasticity, Finite element method, Biomechanical Phenomena, Shear (sheet metal), Mechanics of Materials, Stress, Mechanical, Tomography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Aortic dissection represents a serious cardio-vascular disease and life-threatening event. Dissection is a sudden delamination event of the wall, possibly leading to rupture within a few hours. Current knowledge and practical criteria to understand and predict this phenomenon lack reliable models and experimental observations of rupture at the lamellar scale. In an attempt to quantify rupture-related parameters, the present study proposes an analytical model that reproduces a uniaxial test on medial arterial samples observed under X-ray tomography. This model is composed of several layers that represent the media of the aortic wall, each having proper elastic and damage properties. Finite element models were created to validate the analytical model using user-defined parameters. Once the model was validated, an inverse analysis was used to fit the model parameters to experimental curves of uniaxial tests from a published study. Because this analytical model did not consider delamination strength between layers, a finite element model that included this phenomenon was also developed to investigate the influence of the delamination on the stress-strain curve through a sensitivity analysis. It was shown that shear delamination strength between layers, i.e. mode II separation, is essential in the rupture process observed experimentally.
Published: 2019
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32. An improved cell transmission model of traffic considering electric vehicles and charging stations

Author: Hongping Wang, Enrico Zio, Yi-Ping Fang, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris
Subjects: 050210 logistics & transportation, Queueing theory, Computer science, 05 social sciences, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Charge (physics), 010501 environmental sciences, traffic simulation model, [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering, Topology, Cell transmission model, Charging stations, Electric vehicles, Spatial-temporal charging demand, Traffic simulation model, 01 natural sciences, cell transmission model, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, spatial-temporal charging demand, [SPI.GCIV.IT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Infrastructures de transport, charging stations, 0502 economics and business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cell Transmission Model, electric vehicles
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we extend a previously introduced traffic cell transmission model (CTM) to take electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations (CSs) into account. The CTM is improved in the following aspects: firstly, traffic demand of multiple origins-destinations (O-D) is considered, whereas the original CTM can not simulate the specific traffic demand of each O-D pair; secondly, CSs are integrated into CTM by developing new queueing cells and charging cells, which could also describe the specific configurations of each CS and model the queueing phenomenon in CSs; third, EVs at different states of charge are considered and, thus, the spatial-temporal charging demands in CSs can be estimated with good approximation.
Published: 2019
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33. An electronic ratchet is required in nanostructured intermediate band solar cells

Author: Amaury Delamarre, Daniel Suchet, Nicolas Cavassilas, Yoshitaka Okada, Masakazu Sugiyama, Jean-François Guillemoles, Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Tokyo NextPV, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology [Tokyo] (RCAST), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Guillemoles, Jean-François, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics), [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract: We investigate in this letter the intrinsic properties that have limited the efficiency of nanostructured intermediate band solar cells. Those devices take advantage of intra-band transitions, which occur on narrow energy width, and present low radiative recombination efficiency. We derive the minimum requirements in terms of those two characteristics to achieve efficiencies in excess of the Shockley-Queisser limit, and show that compatible nanostructures are challenging to obtain. Especially, we evidence that currently experimentally considered materials cannot overcome the best single junction cells. In order to solve those issues, we consider devices including an electronic ratchet mechanism. Firstly, such devices are shown to be much less sensitive on the limitations of the nanostructures characteristics, so that requirements for high efficiencies can be met. Secondly, we show that quantum well devices present advantages over their quantum dots counterparts, although they have attracted much less interest so far.
Published: 2019

34. A micromechanical inspired model for the coupled to damage elasto-plastic behavior of geomaterials under compression

Author: Jean-Jacques Marigo, Kyrylo Kazymyrenko, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Dilatant, Materials science, Plasticity, Macroscopic model, compression test, 02 engineering and technology, Triaxial shear test, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, 0101 mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Elasto plastic, Mechanics, Overburden pressure, Physics::Classical Physics, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, geomaterials, dilatancy, Hardening (metallurgy), Compression test, damage
Abstract: International audience; We propose an elasto-plastic model coupled with damage for the behavior of geomaterials in compression. The model is based on the properties, shown in [S. Andrieux, et al., Un modèle de matériau microfissuré pour les bétons et les roches, J. Mécanique Théorique Appliquée 5 (1986) 471?513], of microcracked materials when the microcracks are closed with a friction between their lips. That leads to a macroscopic model coupling damage and plasticity where the plasticity yield criterion is of the Drucker–Prager type with kinematical hardening. Adopting an associative flow rule for the plasticity and a standard energetic criterion for damage, the properties of such a model are illustrated in a triaxial test with a fixed confining pressure.
Published: 2019
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35. Approches anticipées et planifiées de la compensation écologique en Allemagne : vers un retour d’expérience pour la France ?

Author: BAS, Adeline, IMBERT, Inès, CLERMONT, Sandra, REINERT, Marie-Eve, BERTÉ, Constance, CALVET, Coralie, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Institute For Energy Research (EIFER), Universität Karlsruhe (TH)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Steinbeis-Europa, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 (CEE-M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés (LATTS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, biodiversite, action publique . allemagne, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Aménagement du territoire, lcsh:TD1-1066, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, compensation écologique, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, compensation ecologique, amenagement du territoire, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, france, impacts sur la biodiversité, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, sequence erc
Abstract: International audience; Les organisations planifiées et mutualisées de la compensation apparaissent dès la fin des années 1990 en Allemagne, soit plus de dix ans avant que la France n’adopte elle-même de telles approches. Dans quelle mesure un retour d’expérience allemand apporterait-il un éclairage sur les récentes initiatives françaises et sur les enjeux qu’elles sous-tendent ? Des entretiens menés auprès d’acteurs de la compensation à l’échelle du Land du Bade-Wurtemberg ont permis aux auteurs de cet article d’identifier quelques pistes de comparaison qui mériteraient d’être approfondies.
Published: 2019
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36. Numerical schemes for the aggregation equation with pointy potentials

Author: François Delarue, Sofiane Martel, Frédéric Lagoutière, Kévin Le Balc'h, Hélène Hivert, Nicolas Vauchelet, Benoît Fabrèges, Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation mathématique, calcul scientifique (MMCS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics (Saint-Venant), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Analyse, Géométrie et Applications (LAGA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] ( ICJ ), École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics ( Saint-Venant ), École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement ( Cerema ) -EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné ( JAD ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Analyse, Géométrie et Applications ( LAGA ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 ) -Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics (LHSV), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: T57-57.97, Finite volume method, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, Collective motion, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Nonlinear conservation law, 010101 applied mathematics, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, QA1-939, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 0101 mathematics, Finite time, Focus (optics), Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; The aggregation equation is a nonlocal and nonlinear conservation law commonly used to describe the collective motion of individuals interacting together. When interacting potentials are pointy, it is now well established that solutions may blow up in finite time but global in time weak measure valued solutions exist. In this paper we focus on the convergence of particle schemes and finite volume schemes towards these weak measure valued solutions of the aggregation equation.
Published: 2019
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37. Effect of Ga introduction during the second stage of a coevaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers at low temperature on polyimide substrates

Author: Muriel Bouttemy, Daniel Lincot, Frédérique Donsanti, Valentin Achard, Laurent Lombez, Marie Jubault, Solène Béchu, Matteo Balestrieri, Thibaud Hildebrandt, Negar Naghavi, Arnaud Etcheberry, Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Materials science, Band gap, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Open-circuit voltage, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Photoelectric effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Current density
Abstract: A proper control of Ga concentration profile is mandatory to achieve high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. At low temperature, deep gradients, detrimental for carriers' diffusion, are obtained when CIGS is deposited with a standard three-stage process: an optimization of the process is needed. In this study, we show the impact of a modify three-stage process on the depth of the notch by introducing Ga flux during the second stage from 0 nm/min to 1.1 nm/min. A higher open circuit voltage compensated by a lower short current density is obtained due to higher band gap energy. The surface and the bulk of the CIGS layer was analyzed at the end of the second stage by coupling different characterization techniques: glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, Raman and X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy. The presence of binary compounds as well as a Ga enrichment at the end of the second stage are observed when Ga is introduced during the second stage.
Published: 2019
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38. Towards a new friction model for shallow water equations through an interactive viscous layer

Author: Hoang-Minh Le, François James, Mathilde Legrand, Pierre-Yves Lagrée, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics (Saint-Venant), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut Denis Poisson ( IDP ), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert ( DALEMBERT ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics ( Saint-Venant ), École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement ( Cerema ) -EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), and EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF )
Subjects: 76N17, friction law, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, von Kármán equation, Hydrostatic pressure, Perfect fluid, Föppl–von Kármán equations, 01 natural sciences, 65M08, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Superposition principle, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], viscous layer, 0103 physical sciences, 35L65, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Prandtl equation, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Shallow water equations, 2010 AMS subject classifications: Primary: 35L60, 35Q35, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, von Kármán equation 2010 AMS subject classifications: 35L60, Numerical Analysis, Finite volume method, Applied Mathematics, [ PHYS.MECA.MEFL ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], shallow water, Mechanics, Computational Mathematics, Boundary layer, Waves and shallow water, Modeling and Simulation, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: The derivation of shallow water models from Navier–Stokes equations is revisited yielding a class of two-layer shallow water models. An improved velocity profile is proposed, based on the superposition of an inviscid fluid and a viscous layer inspired by the Interactive Boundary Layer interaction used in aeronautics. This leads to a new friction law which depends not only on velocity and depth but also on the variations of velocity and thickness of the viscous layer. The resulting system is an extended shallow water model consisting of three depth-integrated equations: the first two are mass and momentum conservation in which a slight correction on hydrostatic pressure has been made; the third one, known as von Kármán equation, describes the evolution of the viscous layer. This coupled model is shown to be conditionally hyperbolic, and a Godunov-type finite volume scheme is also proposed. Several numerical examples are provided and compared to the Multi-Layer Saint-Venant model. They emphasize the ability of the model to deal with unsteady viscous effects. They illustrate also the phase-lag between friction and topography, and even recover possible reverse flows.
Published: 2019
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39. Discrete Element Analysis to Predict Penetration and Perforation of Concrete Targets Struck by Rigid Projectiles

Author: Laurent Daudeville, Serguei Potapov, Philippe Marin, Christophe Pontiroli, Ahmad Omar, Andria Antoniou, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), David Edward Lambert, Crystal L. Pasiliao, Benjamin Erzar, Benoit Revil-Baudard, Oana Cazacu, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Daudeville, Laurent
Subjects: Element analysis, Materials science, Projectile, business.industry, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Penetration (firestop), Structural engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Discrete element method, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.STRU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

40. Intensity of care delivered by prehospital emergency medical service physicians to patients with deliberate self-poisoning: results from a 2-day cross-sectional study in France

Author: Maxime Maignan, Said Laribi, Collomb Muret R, Luc-Marie Joly, Vejux N, Wiel E, Dumas F, Damien Viglino, Sébastien Beaune, N-Gueye P, Jacquin L, CHU Grenoble, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), HP2, Pole Biol CHU Grenoble (INSERM, U1042), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Energie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Physiologie cardio-Respiratoire Expérimentale Théorique et Appliquée (TIMC-PRETA ), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Laboratoire Hypoxie et Physiopathologies cardiovasculaires et respiratoires [Grenoble] (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Pharmacologie de la mort neuronale et de la plasticité cérébrale, IFR114-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Biomarqueurs CArdioNeuroVASCulaires (BioCANVAS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and DYNECO (DYNECO)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Resuscitation, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Poison control, Emergency medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Drug overdose, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Poisoning, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Intensive care, Internal Medicine, Emergency medical services, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Attempted suicide, business.industry, Glasgow Coma Scale, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, Emergency Medicine, business
Abstract: Emergency management of deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) by drug overdose is common in emergency medicine. There is a paucity of data about the prehospital care of these patients. The principal aim was to describe the intensity of care received by patients with DSP who were managed by prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) physicians. A 48-h cross-sectional study was conducted in 319 EMS and emergency units in France. Patient and poisoning characteristics and treatments administered were recorded. Complications of poisoning, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death were recorded until day 30. The primary endpoint was the probability of receiving prehospital intensive care, including fluid resuscitation, vasopressor therapy, invasive ventilation, or antidotal treatments, depending whether prehospital treatment was carried out by an EMS physician or not. Data from 703 patients (median age was 43 [30-52] years, 288 (40%) men) were analyzed. One hundred and fifteen (16%) patients were attended by an EMS physician. Patients attended by EMS physicians were more likely to receive intensive treatment in the prehospital setting [odds ratio (OR) 7.4, 95% confidence interval 4.3-12.9]. These patients had more severe poisoning as suggested mainly by a lower Glasgow Coma Score (13 [8-15] vs. 15 [15-15]; p \textless 0.001) and a higher rate of admission to an intensive care unit [29 (25%) vs. 15 (2%), p \textless 0.001]. Patients with DSP attended by prehospital EMS physicians frequently received intensive care. The level of care seemed appropriate for the severity of the poisoning.
Published: 2019
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41. A generalisation to cohesive cracks evolution under effects of non-uniform stress field

Author: Tuan-Hiep Pham, Jérôme Laverne, Jean-Jacques Marigo, EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: Stress field, cohesive zone model, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Materials science, 0203 mechanical engineering, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], crack evolution, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, stress gradient
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the present work is to study the stabilizing effect of the non-uniformity of the stress field on the cohesive cracks evolution in two-dimensional elastic structures. The crack evolution is governed by Dugdale's or Barenblatt's cohesive force models. We distinguish two stages in the crack evolution: the first one where all the crack is submitted to cohesive forces, followed by a second one where a non cohesive part appears. Assuming that the material characteristic length d c associated with the cohesive model is small by comparison to the dimension L of the body, we develop a two-scale approach, and using the complex analysis method, we obtain the entire crack evolution with the loading in a closed form for the Dugdale's case and in semi-analytical form for the Barenblatt's case. In particular, we show that the propagation is stable during the first stage, but becomes unstable with a brutal jump of the crack length as soon as the non cohesive crack part appears. We discuss also the influence of all the parameters of the problem, in particular the non-uniform stress and cohesive model formulations, and study the sensitivity to imperfections.
Published: 2018
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42. Modelling the primary damage in Fe and W: Influence of the short range interactions on the cascade properties: Part 1 – Energy transfer

Author: Andrée De Backer, Charlotte Becquart, Christophe Domain, Pär Olsson, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Etude et Modélisation des Mécanismes de Vieillissement des Matériaux (EM2VM), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), ANR-18-CE05-0012,WHeSCI,Etudes fondamentales sur W, H et He par une approche intégrée(2018), European Project: 661913,H2020,NFRP-2014-2015,SOTERIA(2015), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Culham Centre for Fusion Energy [CCFE], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] [KTH ], Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants [EDF R&D MMC], Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centrale Lille-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Metallic alloys, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Molecular physics, Displacement (vector), [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Radiation damage, Molecular dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Primary knock on atom, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Primary damage, Range (particle radiation), Displacement cascades, Empirical potentials, Threshold displacement energies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Cascade, Drag, Particle, 0210 nano-technology, Quasistatic process
Abstract: International audience; The primary damage in metallic alloys, i.e. the point defect distribution resulting from the interaction between an energetic particle and a metallic matrix has been investigated for more than 60 years using atomistic simulations. The defect distribution produced in cascades is sensitive to the equilibrium part of the potential as well as its hardened part. An analysis based on large statistics of molecular dynamics simulations and comparison with different embedded atom method potentials in Fe and W allows to rationalize the potential behavior. Correlations between static non-equilibrium properties (quasi static drag (QSD)), threshold displacement energies (TDE), replacement collision sequences (RCS) along the < 110 > direction have been revealed. Along this direction, the lower the TDE, the lower the QSD and the more energy is transmitted along the < 110 > direction during the RCS, i.e. the softest potentials are the ones for which the most energy is transmitted from the PKA to the first head-on atom in the direction of the RCS sequence.
Published: 2021
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43. Framework for the quantitative assessment of the risk of leakage from LNG-fueled vessels by an event tree-CFD

Author: Shanshan Fu, Chaoyu Li, Xinping Yan, Di Zhang, Enrico Zio, China Agricultural University (CAU), Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Ecole Centrale Paris-SUPELEC-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris
Subjects: Risk, Event tree, Event tree analysis, Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0502 economics and business, Chemical Engineering (all), 050207 economics, Leakage (economics), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Risk management, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Waste management, Leakage analysis, business.industry, Liquefied natural gas-fueled vessel, 05 social sciences, Quantitative risk assessment, Fuel oil, Hazard, 13. Climate action, Control and Systems Engineering, Reliability and Quality, Computational fluid dynamics simulation, Safety, Food Science, Risk assessment, business, Liquefied natural gas, Marine engineering
Abstract: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is used as fuel in various kinds of vessels, e.g., passenger ship, ferry, cargo vessel and platform supply vessel (PSV). It is an eco-friendly bunker fuel with many advantages, like decreasing the emissions of SOX and particulate materials (PM) and meeting the international maritime organization (IMO) MARPOL Annex VI requirements on NOX emissions, and economic benefits compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO). However, the leakage of LNG-fuel is a threat for the safety of LNG-fueled vessels, due to its inflammable and explosive characteristics. This paper illustrates a framework for the quantitative risk assessment of LNG-fueled vessels with respect to potential leakage. For illustration purposes, reference is made to a typical LNG-fueled ship, as a representative case. Event tree analysis (ETA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation are integrated for the investigation of the hazard, the analysis of the consequences, and the quantification the risk of the LNG leakage. The results of the study are used to provide risk control options (RCOs), in terms of optimal risk mitigation for LNG-fueled vessels.
Published: 2016
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44. Availability assessment of oil and gas processing plants operating under dynamic Arctic weather conditions

Author: Piero Baraldi, Enrico Zio, Michele Compare, Masoud Naseri, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-SUPELEC-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris, and Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D)
Subjects: Risk, Engineering, Equivalent age, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Oil and gas, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Preventive maintenance, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Dynamic weather conditions, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 010104 statistics & probability, Failure rate, Component (UML), 0101 mathematics, Duration (project management), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Monte Carlo simulation, 021103 operations research, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, VDP::Technology: 500, Fossil fuel, Repair rate, Availability, Arctic offshore, Reliability engineering, Arctic, Work (electrical), Reliability and Quality, Submarine pipeline, Safety, business
Abstract: Link to publishers version: 10.1016/j.ress.2016.03.004 We consider the assessment of the availability of oil and gas processing facilities operating under Arctic conditions. The novelty of the work lies in modelling the time-dependent effects of environmental conditions on the components failure and repair rates. This is done by introducing weather-dependent multiplicative factors, which can be estimated by expert judgements given the scarce data available from Arctic offshore operations. System availability is assessed considering the equivalent age of the components to account for the impacts of harsh operating conditions on component life history and maintenance duration. The application of the model by direct Monte Carlo simulation is illustrated on an oil processing train operating in Arctic offshore. A scheduled preventive maintenance task is considered to cope with the potential reductions in system availability under harsh operating conditions
Published: 2016
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45. Invariant methods for an ensemble-based sensitivity analysis of a passive containment cooling system of an AP1000 nuclear power plant

Author: Giancarlo Nicola, Enrico Zio, Francesco Di Maio, Emanuele Borgonovo, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Department of Decision Sciences, Bocconi University, Bocconi University [Milan, Italy], Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Risk, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Engineering, UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS, Ensemble of methods, Beta Method, 020209 energy, RISK ANALYSIS, Probability density function, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, RISK ANALYSIS, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, System model, Thermal hydraulics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, Invariant sensitivity analysis methods, Control theory, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, AP1000 Nuclear Power Plant, Delta method, Pearson correlation ratio, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Applied Mathematics, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Pressurized water reactor, Mixture model, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Reliability and Quality, symbols, Safety, business, Loss-of-coolant accident
Abstract: International audience; Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is performed to gain fundamental insights on a system behavior that is usually reproduced by a model and to identify the most relevant input variables whose variations affect the system model functional response. For the reliability analysis of passive safety systems of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), models are Best Estimate (BE) Thermal Hydraulic (TH) codes, that predict the system functional response in normal and accidental conditions and, in this paper, an ensemble of three alternative invariant SA methods is innovatively set up for a SA on the TH code input variables. The ensemble aggregates the input variables raking orders provided by Pearson correlation ratio, Delta method and Beta method. The capability of the ensemble is shown on a BE-TH code of the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) of an Advanced Pressurized water reactor AP1000, during a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA), whose output probability density function (pdf) is approximated by a Finite Mixture Model (FMM), on the basis of a limited number of simulations.
Published: 2016
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46. A Thermorisk framework for the analysis of energy systems by combining risk and exergy analysis

Author: Gabriele Cassetti, Emanuela Colombo, Enrico Zio, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris
Subjects: Exergy, Irreversibility, Engineering, Risk analysis, Process (engineering), 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Energy engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Resource (project management), Risk analysis (business), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental impact assessment, Renewable Energy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Thermorisk analysis, Sustainability and the Environment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Energy systems, Exergy analysis, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fuel Technology, Energy accounting, Reliability engineering, 13. Climate action, Exergy efficiency, business
Abstract: The impact of energy production, transformation and use on the environmental resources encourage to understand the mechanisms of resource degradation and to develop proper analyses to reduce the impact of the energy systems on the environment. At the technical level, most attempts for reducing the environmental impact of energy systems focus on the improvement of process efficiency. One way toward an integrated approach is that of adopting exergy analysis for assessing efficiency and test improving design and operation solutions. The paper presents an exergy based analysis for improving efficiency and safety of energy systems, named Thermorisk analysis. The purpose of the Thermorisk analysis is to supply information to control, and eventually reduce, the risk of the systems (i.e. risk of accidents) by acting on the thermodynamic parameters and safety characteristics in the same frame. The proper combination of exergy and risk analysis allows monitoring the effects of efficiency improvement on the safety of the systems analyzed. A case study is presented, showing the potential of the analysis to identify the relation between the exergy efficiency and the risk of the system analyzed, and the contribution of inefficiencies on the safety of the process. Possible modifications in the process are indicated to improve the safety of the system.
Published: 2016
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47. Gradient Scan Gibbs Sampler: An Efficient Algorithm for High-Dimensional Gaussian Distributions

Author: Olivier Féron, Jean-François Giovannelli, Franois Orieux, Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie ( EDF R&D OSIRIS ), EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Optimisation, Simulation, Risque et Statistiques pour les Marchés de l’Energie (EDF R&D OSIRIS), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Mathematical optimization, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Gaussian, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Statistics - Computation, 01 natural sciences, Gaussian random field, 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Gaussian function, 0101 mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gaussian process, Computation (stat.CO), Mathematics, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [ STAT.AP ] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Inverse problem, 16. Peace & justice, Small set, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Signal Processing, symbols, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithm, Gibbs sampling
Abstract: This paper deals with Gibbs samplers that include high dimensional conditional Gaussian distributions. It proposes an efficient algorithm that avoids the high dimensional Gaussian sampling and relies on a random excursion along a small set of directions. The algorithm is proved to converge, i.e. the drawn samples are asymptotically distributed according to the target distribution. Our main motivation is in inverse problems related to general linear observation models and their solution in a hierarchical Bayesian framework implemented through sampling algorithms. It finds direct applications in semi-blind/unsupervised methods as well as in some non-Gaussian methods. The paper provides an illustration focused on the unsupervised estimation for super-resolution methods., 18 pages
Published: 2016
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48. Stress gradient effects on the nucleation and propagation of cohesive cracks

Author: Jean-Jacques Marigo, Tuan-Hiep Pham, Jérôme Laverne, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables (LAMSID - UMR 8193), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), EDF (EDF), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Stress gradient, Materials science, Characteristic length, stress non-uniformity, scale effects, Nucleation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, two-scales technique, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Point (geometry), Sensitivity (control systems), 0101 mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mechanics, complex analysis, 010101 applied mathematics, Stress field, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Cohesive crack, Jump, Analysis
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the present work is to study the nucleation and propagation of cohesive cracks in two-dimensional elastic structures. The crack evolution is governed by Dugdale’s cohesive force model. Specifically, we investigate the stabilizing effect of the stress field non-uniformity by introducing a length l which characterizes the stress gradient in a neighborhood of the point where the crack nucleates. We distinguish two stages in the crack evolution: the first one where the entire crack is submitted to cohesive forces, followed by a second one where a non-cohesive part appears. Assuming that the material characteristic length dc associated with Dugdale’s model is small in comparison with the dimension L of the body, we develop a two-scale approach and, using the methods of complex analysis, obtain the entire crack evolution with the loading in closed form. In particular, we show that the propagation is stable during the first stage, but becomes unstable with a brutal crack length jump as soon as the non-cohesive crack part appears. We also discuss the influence of the problem parameters and study the sensitivity to imperfections.
Published: 2016
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49. Power System Design for Resilience and Flexibility Against Extreme Weather Events

Author: Yiping Fang, Enrico Zio, Islam Abdin, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris, Fang, Yiping, Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), extreme weather events, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Computer science, business.industry, 020209 energy, power systems design, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Renewable energy, Electric power system, Extreme weather, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Electricity generation, operational flexibility, operational resilience, Risk analysis (engineering), 13. Climate action, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems design, Adaptation (computer science), business, Resilience (network), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Recent challenges from severe weather events call for an adaptation in power systems planning methods, to ensure the sustainability of the resulting plans and the resilience of the power system against natural threats. Whereas studies have shown the importance of considering operational flexibility as an integral part of the design of power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources, very few works have incorporated the resilience against severe weather threats directly into the system design phase. We propose a comprehensive flexibility and resilience modeling and optimization framework for power systems planning considering extreme weather scenarios. A set of piece-wise linear models are developed to calculate the impact of extreme heat waves and drought events on the performance of the power generation units and on the system load. We propose a method to integrate the extreme climate impact within the power system planning model and investigate the results obtained compared to conventional planning methods under real future climate projections.
Published: 2018

50. Risk Assessment of Electrical Power Systems Considering Traffic Congestion

Author: Hongping Wang, Yi-Ping Fang, Enrico Zio, CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), Fang, Yiping, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)-CentraleSupélec-SUPELEC-Ecole Centrale Paris
Subjects: Computer science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Automotive engineering, Power system, Risk assessment, Traffic congestion, Transportation system, Electric power system, Power flow, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Alternative current, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Transmission Model
Abstract: With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles in the transportation system, more and more interactions appear between the transportation and power systems. This requires considering the impact of disturbances in the electrified transportation system onto the stability of the power system. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a method based on a cell transmission model (CTM) of the electrified transportation system and an alternative current (AC) model of the power system. Specifically, CTM is used to simulate the dynamic realtime traffic under congestion disturbances and evaluate the charging demands in the areas of the electrified transportation system. The charging demands are input to the AC model of the power system to calculate the fluctuations in power flow distributions. The proposed method can simulate the dynamic interactions between the electrified transportation system and the power system, and quantitatively measure the impacts of traffic disturbances on the stability of the power system. A numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
Published: 2018

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