1,741 results on '"EEC"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of pole pair number impact on single-sided linear induction machine performances.
- Author
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Bensehila, Aissa, Bouzidi, Athmane, Takorabet, Noureddine, and Ristagno, Baptiste
- Abstract
This paper presents a parametric study of linear induction motor for design purpose. The chosen mathematical model uses a 2D formulation with magnetic vector potential A. The implementation of the model is carried out with the finite element method on the free platform Gmsh-GetDP. Circuit model is coupled to FE model so that constant voltage supply mode can be considered. This work aims to highlight the effect of the pole pair number on the characteristics and the performances of the linear induction machine through two numerical models associated to an analytical one. Furthermore, the study shows the effect of the pole pair number on the phase imbalance and the spatial harmonic spectrum of the machine. Reducing this imbalance and higher order harmonics presence will increase machine performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. 'Isolated British Europeans': How EEC Membership Helped the Gibraltarians Secure British Citizenship, 1962–1981.
- Author
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Norton, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
BREXIT Referendum, 2016 , *CITIZENSHIP , *NON-self-governing territories , *EUROPEAN integration , *REFERENDUM , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
The 'European' strand of modern Gibraltarian identity, exemplified by the territory's 96 per cent 'Remain' vote in the 2016 'Brexit' referendum, owes much to the fact that joining the EEC with Britain in 1973 enabled Gibraltarians to bypass the UK's increasingly restrictive immigration regime, which since the first Commonwealth Immigrants Act in 1962 had reserved the right of abode for the British-born and their descendants. In 1981, when British citizenship was redefined and split into three new categories, it was Gibraltar's place within the EEC, and the rights associated with membership, that proved the decisive factor in securing full British citizenship, uniquely amongst Britain's dependent territories at the time. Although this concession has been seen as a case of racial exceptionalism, this article places the Gibraltarian campaign for British citizenship in its historic context, and shows that it was not simply the result of short term political calculation but a long term recognition that European integration offered Gibraltarians a new set of rights, over and above other territories, and a means of binding themselves closer to the UK. After Brexit, Gibraltarians may once again occupy a unique position as citizens of the only British territory within the Schengen zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. An Approach to Intersectionally Target Mature Enteroendocrine Cells in the Small Intestine of Mice.
- Author
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Vossen, Christian, Schmidt, Patricia, Wunderlich, Claudia Maria, Mittenbühler, Melanie Joyce, Tapken, Claas, Wienand, Peter, Mirabella, Paul Nicolas, Cabot, Leonie, Schumacher, Anna-Lena, Folz-Donahue, Kat, Kukat, Christian, Voigt, Ingo, Brüning, Jens C., Fenselau, Henning, and Wunderlich, F. Thomas
- Subjects
- *
ENTEROENDOCRINE cells , *SMALL intestine , *ORGANS (Anatomy) , *GASTROINTESTINAL system , *GENE expression , *GASTROINTESTINAL motility , *TRANSGENE expression - Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) constitute only a small proportion of Villin-1 (Vil1)-expressing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of the gastrointestinal tract; yet, in sum, they build the largest endocrine organ of the body, with each of them storing and releasing a distinct set of peptides for the control of feeding behavior, glucose metabolism, and gastrointestinal motility. Like all IEC types, EECs are continuously renewed from intestinal stem cells in the crypt base and terminally differentiate into mature subtypes while moving up the crypt–villus axis. Interestingly, EECs adjust their hormonal secretion according to their migration state as EECs receive altering differentiation signals along the crypt–villus axis and thus undergo functional readaptation. Cell-specific targeting of mature EEC subtypes by specific promoters is challenging because the expression of EEC-derived peptides and their precursors is not limited to EECs but are also found in other organs, such as the brain (e.g., Cck and Sst) as well as in the pancreas (e.g., Sst and Gcg). Here, we describe an intersectional genetic approach that enables cell type-specific targeting of functionally distinct EEC subtypes by combining a newly generated Dre-recombinase expressing mouse line (Vil1-2A-DD-Dre) with multiple existing Cre-recombinase mice and mouse strains with rox and loxP sites flanked stop cassettes for transgene expression. We found that transgene expression in triple-transgenic mice is highly specific in I but not D and L cells in the terminal villi of the small intestine. The targeting of EECs only in terminal villi is due to the integration of a defective 2A separating peptide that, combined with low EEC intrinsic Vil1 expression, restricts our Vil1-2A-DD-Dre mouse line and the intersectional genetic approach described here only applicable for the investigation of mature EEC subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. АКЦЕНТИ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕТО НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА БЪЛГАРИЯ – ЕИО/ЕС ПРЕЗ ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА 80-ТЕ И 90-ТЕ ГОДИНИ НА ХХ ВЕК.
- Author
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Якимова, Ирина
- Abstract
The article presents an overview of key research themes and addresses challenges inherent in the study of Bulgaria’s relations with the European political and economic sphere during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Rather than providing a comprehensive examination of Bulgaria’s transition, the focus is primarily on the historiographical aspect, delving into Bulgaria’s path toward the EEC/EU. The article outlines the difficulties researchers face when working with archival sources and electronic information, emphasizing the positive impact of expanded access to declassified documents, outlining, for example, the various stages of the negotiation process between Bulgaria and the EEC/EU’s institutions before and after the landmark year of 1989. It marks the initial systematic attempt to categorize Sofia-Brussels relations from a historical perspective, representing a noteworthy contribution to the field. This is the first attempt at such a systemization of Sofia-Brussels relations from a historical perspective, which is one of the contributions of the present article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
6. Foreign direct investment in European and Eastern European countries in the face of COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukraine War
- Author
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Ismaila A. Okunoye and Emeka O. Akpa
- Subjects
covid-19 ,russia-ukraine war ,fdi inflows ,ecs ,eec ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 - Abstract
The global shocks of COVID-19 and the Ukraine war on FDI inflows in European countries, particularly Eastern Europe, have been subjects of a serious debate among EU policymakers. This study assesses the level of impact of the two global shocks on FDI in 39 European countries (ECs) and 20 Eastern European countries (EECs) from 2020 Q1 to 2022 Q4. For the comparative analysis, a static panel regression is used. Our findings demonstrate that variations in the levels of stringency measures related to COVID-19 in individual countries are significantly associated with increased FDI inflows. This suggests that investors will increase investment in countries with stricter measures to limit crises. While variations in COVID19 total cases are associated with increased FDI inflows in Europe but with decreased FDI inflows in Eastern Europe, we find that the crisis may have created new opportunities or incentives for foreign investors in Europe compared to Eastern Europe.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Re‐assessing the Conservative Anti‐EEC Rebellion of 1971–2*.
- Author
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Aker, Tim
- Subjects
- *
CONSERVATIVES ,TREATY on European Union (1992) - Abstract
Historians have overlooked the 1971–2 Conservative EEC rebellion because of the relative ease with which Edward Heath took the UK into the European Economic Community (EEC). In contrast with the rebellion over ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, Heath did not lose a vote on 'Europe'. However, the episode marks a turning point in the way anti‐EEC dissent was expressed in the Conservative Party. The rush for EEC entry after the 1970 election stunned anti‐marketeers who believed they would not be corralled into voting against their stated beliefs. This pushed Neil Marten MP into organising a more sophisticated rebel organisation that would intensify the rebellion against the EEC. When compared to previous dissent on the EEC, it was organised and fully prepared to bring down a Conservative government. The episode nearly split the Conservative Party in two as anti‐market MPs threatened their constituency associations with by‐elections to resist grassroots pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Re‐assessing the Conservative Anti‐EEC Rebellion of 1971–2*.
- Author
-
Aker, Tim
- Subjects
CONSERVATIVES ,TREATY on European Union (1992) - Abstract
Historians have overlooked the 1971–2 Conservative EEC rebellion because of the relative ease with which Edward Heath took the UK into the European Economic Community (EEC). In contrast with the rebellion over ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, Heath did not lose a vote on 'Europe'. However, the episode marks a turning point in the way anti‐EEC dissent was expressed in the Conservative Party. The rush for EEC entry after the 1970 election stunned anti‐marketeers who believed they would not be corralled into voting against their stated beliefs. This pushed Neil Marten MP into organising a more sophisticated rebel organisation that would intensify the rebellion against the EEC. When compared to previous dissent on the EEC, it was organised and fully prepared to bring down a Conservative government. The episode nearly split the Conservative Party in two as anti‐market MPs threatened their constituency associations with by‐elections to resist grassroots pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome. Prenatal prospective ultrasound diagnosis.
- Author
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Orlandi, Giuliana, Di Girolamo, Raffaella, Carbone, Luigi, Sarno, Laura, Maresca, Antonia, Fulgione, Caterina, Mazzarelli, Laura Letizia, D'antonio, Francesco, Mappa, Ilenia, Pietrolucci, Maria Elena, Rizzo, Giuseppe, and Maruotti, Giuseppe Maria
- Abstract
Objective: Prenatal diagnosis of the Ectrodactyly‐Ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting (EEC) syndrome has been based upon the detection of ectrodactyly, in association with facial clefting and/or positive family history. Our aim is to describe other ultrasonographic features indicating the presuntive diagnosis, regardless of genetic diagnosis, especially in cases of negative family history. Materials and Methods: A case report and a review of the literature was assessed. Results: Our case report showed a singleton foetus "lobster claw" deformities of hands and feet. Paternal history revealed bilateral agenesia of two fingers. Through literature, 15 case reports of prenatal diagnosis of EEC syndrome were found, 14 of which were eligible for our systematic review. The 33% of cases (5/15) had a familiar history of EEC, thus, we found one case of consanguinity of parents. Anomalies EEC‐related were recognized in the 40% of cases (6/15). An association with genitourinary anomalies was found in 30% (5/15) of them. Conclusions: A strong suspicion of final diagnosis of EEC may be done in the presence of ectrodactyly, facial clefting and urinary malformation especially in cases of negative family history. More attention should be given to a genetic counseling, especially to understand a possible relation to other genetic syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Optimal Fire Stations for Industrial Plants
- Author
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Sangsawang, Ornurai, Chanta, Sunarin, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Vasant, Pandian, editor, Shamsul Arefin, Mohammad, editor, Panchenko, Vladimir, editor, Thomas, J. Joshua, editor, Munapo, Elias, editor, Weber, Gerhard-Wilhelm, editor, and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Roman, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. From Transport History to History of Sustainable Mobility
- Author
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Fava, Valentina, Favero, Giovanni, Cabigiosu, Anna, editor, and Lanzini, Pietro, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Study on the Influencing Factors of Electroencephalogram Parameters Under Anesthesia
- Published
- 2021
13. An Approach to Intersectionally Target Mature Enteroendocrine Cells in the Small Intestine of Mice
- Author
-
Christian Vossen, Patricia Schmidt, Claudia Maria Wunderlich, Melanie Joyce Mittenbühler, Claas Tapken, Peter Wienand, Paul Nicolas Mirabella, Leonie Cabot, Anna-Lena Schumacher, Kat Folz-Donahue, Christian Kukat, Ingo Voigt, Jens C. Brüning, Henning Fenselau, and F. Thomas Wunderlich
- Subjects
Dre/rox ,Cre/loxP ,enteroendocrine cells of small intestine ,EEC ,Cck-expressing I cell ,Sst-expressing D cell ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) constitute only a small proportion of Villin-1 (Vil1)-expressing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of the gastrointestinal tract; yet, in sum, they build the largest endocrine organ of the body, with each of them storing and releasing a distinct set of peptides for the control of feeding behavior, glucose metabolism, and gastrointestinal motility. Like all IEC types, EECs are continuously renewed from intestinal stem cells in the crypt base and terminally differentiate into mature subtypes while moving up the crypt–villus axis. Interestingly, EECs adjust their hormonal secretion according to their migration state as EECs receive altering differentiation signals along the crypt–villus axis and thus undergo functional readaptation. Cell-specific targeting of mature EEC subtypes by specific promoters is challenging because the expression of EEC-derived peptides and their precursors is not limited to EECs but are also found in other organs, such as the brain (e.g., Cck and Sst) as well as in the pancreas (e.g., Sst and Gcg). Here, we describe an intersectional genetic approach that enables cell type-specific targeting of functionally distinct EEC subtypes by combining a newly generated Dre-recombinase expressing mouse line (Vil1-2A-DD-Dre) with multiple existing Cre-recombinase mice and mouse strains with rox and loxP sites flanked stop cassettes for transgene expression. We found that transgene expression in triple-transgenic mice is highly specific in I but not D and L cells in the terminal villi of the small intestine. The targeting of EECs only in terminal villi is due to the integration of a defective 2A separating peptide that, combined with low EEC intrinsic Vil1 expression, restricts our Vil1-2A-DD-Dre mouse line and the intersectional genetic approach described here only applicable for the investigation of mature EEC subpopulations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Political Europe: The Cold War and the Great Decolonisation—From the Yaoundé Convention to Lomé Conventions
- Author
-
Lami, Giulia, Haba, Kumiko, editor, Canavero, Alfredo, editor, and Mizobata, Satoshi, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Throughput Improvement in Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
- Author
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Lakshmi, M., Prashanth, C. R., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Effect in Saturated Solutions on an Example of Polynuclear Aromatics According to Thermodynamics at Melting Temperature.
- Author
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Mianowski, Andrzej and Łabojko, Grzegorz
- Subjects
- *
THERMODYNAMICS , *ACTIVITY coefficients , *MOLE fraction , *MELTING , *AROMATIC compounds , *TEMPERATURE - Abstract
A thermodynamic the influence of temperature on the logarithm of the considered quantity is expressed by bifunctional functional terms (1/T, lnT). For this purpose, the Apelblat & Manzurola (A&M) equation was used for extended model dissolution analysis of 12 aromatic hydrocarbons in tetralin and decalin vs. temperature for saturated solutions. The A&M equation was found to be thermodynamically compensatory in the sense of Enthalpy-Entropy-Compensation (EEC) while limiting melting temperature T m = ∆ m H ∆ m S. The coefficients for the functional terms A 1 vs. A 2 are a linear relationship, with a slope called the compensation temperature T c , as ratio of average enthalpy to average entropy. From this dependence, it has been shown that the approximation of ∆ c p = ∆ m S ¯ is justified, also assuming the average entropy. Regarding the term representing the activity coefficients, modifications to the A&M equation were proposed by replacing the intercept and it was shown that the new form correctly determines ∆ m H. However, the condition is that the molar fraction of the solute exceeds x > 0.5 moles. It has been shown that the simplest equation referred to van 't Hoff's isobar also allows the simultaneous determination of enthalpy and entropy, but these quantities do not always come down to melting temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. БЪЛГАРИЯ В ИЗТОЧНОЕВРОПЕЙСКАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕИО/ЕС ПРЕЗ ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА 80-ТЕ И 90-ТЕ ГОДИНИ НА ХХ ВЕК.
- Author
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Якимова, Ирина
- Abstract
The preserved archival documents show that the European Economic Community (the future EU) began to build its political line towards the countries to the East of the “Iron Curtain” even before the outbreak of the “velvet revolutions” in 1989, in order to counterbalance the Soviet ideas of restructuring and “opening” to the West. After the collapse of communism, it was further clarified, especially in the field of diplomacy as regards the legal settlement of bilateral relations, in their entire spectrum of commercial, economic and later, political topics. The article focuses on the “Bulgarian aspect” of this large-scale process, which has so far remained partially examined in historiography. By the use of a complex problem-chronological approach and several parallel levels of analysis – bilateral, Eastern European and global – the “case” of Bulgaria is placed in the direct context of the CEE-EEC contacts, and hence also in the inevitable general context of the ongoing rapprochement between the East and The West. Based on newly declassified and published documents, the general and specific manifestations of Bulgaria’s association to the European geopolitical space are analysed, although without searching explicit parallels with the other former Soviet allies. The author’s assessments and conclusions regarding the challenges which Bulgaria had to overcome in the course of its integration into the EEC/EU are presented, as well as the reasons for the permanent suspicion on the part of the Brussels’ institutions. The article reveals also the inevitable influence of the international political conjuncture on the legal settlement of practical trade-economic issues, before and after the official collapse of the State socialism and its international structures for political and economic cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
18. El Plan Francia ante el intento de frenar el ingreso de España en la CEE.
- Author
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del Cano, Jorge Lafuente
- Subjects
EUROPEAN communities ,EUROPEAN integration ,EUROPEAN cooperation ,AGRICULTURE ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 'Buy British': An analysis of UK attempts to turn a slogan into government policy in the 1970s and 1980s.
- Author
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Clayton, David and Higgins, David M.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,CONSUMER preferences ,GOVERNMENT purchasing ,BUSINESS literature ,COMMERCIAL policy ,BUSINESS records - Abstract
This article uses newly available state and business records to investigate the effectiveness of Buy British policies when Britain was a member of the EEC between the early 1970s and the mid-1980s – a period of rapid import penetration and deindustrialisation. We show that government pursued a range of overt and covert measures to combat these economic problems. Overt measures sought to encourage domestic consumers to buy British; covert measures, involving nationalised industries and public procurement, attempted to encourage British firms to source domestically. The article contributes to the emerging business history literature on how Member States tried to exploit loopholes in EEC competition and commercial policy, and it provides new evidence on UK consumer preferences for domestic and imported manufactures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Method of Time Distribution
- Author
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Chowdhury, Dhiman Deb and Chowdhury, Dhiman Deb
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Digital Trade Route to an Economic Space in the Eurasian Economic Union: Institutions and Technology
- Author
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Zoidov, Kobilzhon, Medkov, Alekxey, and Stepnov, Igor, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis
- Author
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Martin, Clair R, Osadchiy, Vadim, Kalani, Amir, and Mayer, Emeran A
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Digestive Diseases ,Genetics ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Underpinning research ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Neurological ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Serotonin ,Stress ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Intestinal Permeability ,2BA ,secondary bile acid ,5-HT ,serotonin ,ANS ,autonomic nervous system ,ASD ,autism spectrum disorder ,BBB ,blood-brain barrier ,BGM ,brain-gut-microbiome ,CNS ,central nervous system ,ECC ,enterochromaffin cell ,EEC ,enteroendocrine cell ,FFAR ,free fatty acid receptor ,FGF ,fibroblast growth factor ,FXR ,farnesoid X receptor ,GF ,germ-free ,GI ,gastrointestinal ,GLP-1 ,glucagon-like peptide-1 ,GPR ,G-protein–coupled receptor ,IBS ,irritable bowel syndrome ,LPS ,lipopolysaccharide ,SCFA ,short-chain fatty acid ,SPF ,specific-pathogen-free ,TGR5 ,G protein-coupled bile acid receptor ,Trp ,tryptophan - Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions within the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Gut microbes communicate to the central nervous system through at least 3 parallel and interacting channels involving nervous, endocrine, and immune signaling mechanisms. The brain can affect the community structure and function of the gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system, by modulating regional gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability, and potentially through the luminal secretion of hormones that directly modulate microbial gene expression. A systems biological model is proposed that posits circular communication loops amid the brain, gut, and gut microbiome, and in which perturbation at any level can propagate dysregulation throughout the circuit. A series of largely preclinical observations implicates alterations in brain-gut-microbiome communication in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Continued research holds the promise of identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing treatment strategies to address some of the most debilitating, costly, and poorly understood diseases.
- Published
- 2018
23. ‘GREAT EXPECTATIONS’: ROMANIA’S ACCESSION TO THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (1968-1971)
- Author
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Costel COROBAN
- Subjects
socialist romania ,gatt ,eec ,1960s ,1970s ,cmea ,Political science - Abstract
At the end of the 1960s, the Romanian authorities awarded more and more importance to foreign trade, aiming to increase trade relations with all states, regardless of their political and economic system. One of the main international organizations regulating international trade was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), to which Romania became an observer in 1957 and with which it established “technical contacts” in 1966. This article investigates Romania’s diplomatic efforts to be accepted as a Contracting Party to the GATT. The timeframe of the paper spans from 1968, when Romania applied for membership to 1971, when it signed the protocol. In this sense, this article will look at Romanian-European Economic Community (EEC) contacts within the GATT, a subject rather ignored by the scholarship until now. For the first time in historiography, this article investigates Romania’s GATT accession negotiations. Based on multi-archival research, the work is structured into three main parts. The first section briefly presents the context in which, at the end of the 1960s, Romania decided to become a contracting party to GATT. This framework details the country’s expectations / hopes for accession. The second part analyzes the actual negotiations, highlighting especially the points of divergence between Romania and the contracting parties. The third part details the official and unofficial assessments of the Romanian side regarding the results obtained following the accession negotiations.
- Published
- 2021
24. Case report: Prenatal diagnosis of Ectrodactyly–Ectodermal dysplasia–Cleft syndrome (EEC) in a fetus with cleft lip and polycystic kidney
- Author
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He Biwei, Su Min, Wang Yanlin, Zhao Xinrong, Gao Li, Hua Renyi, Sun Jinling, Wang Shan, Wu Yi, and Cheng Weiwei
- Subjects
EEC ,p63 ,prenatal phenotypic spectrum ,genitourinary anomalies ,whole-exome sequencing ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and orofacial clefting. Reduced penetrance is manifested in these core features and additional under-recognized features, especially in prenatal cases. Here, we present a fetus with EEC syndrome at 22 weeks gestation, in which the cleft lip and palate and the right polycystic kidney are shown by prenatal ultrasound. A de novo missense mutation of R304W in the TP63 gene is confirmed by whole-exome sequencing associated with EEC syndrome. We further investigate the reported TP63-related prenatal cases and provide a more complete picture of the prenatal phenotypic spectrum about EEC. It illustrates the potential severity of genitourinary anomalies in TP63-related disorders and highlights the need to counsel for the possibility of EEC syndrome, given the occurrence of genitourinary anomalies with orofacial cleft or limb deformities.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Design and Analysis of Dual Narrow Band MIMO (DNB-MIMO) Antenna for IoT Applications.
- Author
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Thiruvenkadam, Saminathan and Parthasarathy, Eswaran
- Subjects
- *
INTERNET of things , *ANTENNA design , *IMPEDANCE matching , *MICROSTRIP transmission lines , *QUALITY factor - Abstract
A compact DNB-MIMO antenna design and analysis for IoT application was proposed. The antenna radiator consists of 2 L-shaaped quarter-wavelengths and inverted 7-shaped radiators with a microstrip feed line, and partial ground plane with a size of 32 × 15 mm2. This antenna achieves a higher quality factor (Q > 10) and narrow band impedance matching at the central frequencies of 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands with approximately 8.2% and 6.2% bandwidth respectively. The suitability of the designed antenna for IoT applications is verified through the hosting device model. The proposed 4-port MIMO antenna has an overall size of 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm3, and it is printed on an FR4 substrate. The diversity add comma such as ECC, DG, TARC, MEG, and CCL, are calculated and there values are<0.19, 9.85 dB, < -25 dB, < -6 dB, < 0.19 bits/Hz/s, respectively, within the limits. The proposed antenna is integrated with the Zigbee module (lowercase) to analyze the performance for IoT applications at 2.4 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. MIĘDZY NIECHĘCIĄ A FASCYNACJĄ: PROBLEMATYKA NIEMIECKA W PUBLICYSTCE I DZIAŁALNOŚCI POLITYCZNEJ MIECZYSŁAWA F. RAKOWSKIEGO (1957–1977).
- Author
-
BARABASZ, ADAM
- Abstract
The main aim of the article is to present the views of M. F. Rakowski on multidimensional German problem existing in the Polish People’s Republic in the years 1945-1989. The author’s intention is to present the evolution of the views of the long-time editor of the Polityka weekly on the German issue in the years 1957-1977. Based on the formulated research problem and the analysis of available sources, the following hypotheses can be formulated: – in the initial period of the development of the political career of M. F. Rakowski, his attitude to German issues was influenced by personal experiences, – at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, M. F. Rakowski associated the rapid economic and political reconstruction of West Germany with Germany’s aggressive intentions to gain influence in Central and Eastern Europe and German efforts to revise the Yalta-Potsdam agreements, – after reaching the next levels of power in the party-state leadership of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), M. F. Rakowski’s perspective of the assessment of Polish-West German relations underwent changes as evidenced by his activities. According to the author, M. F. Rakowski’s position on German issues evolved from reluctance to fascination. The article uses the historical method, analysis of sources and press content. The following methods also turned out to be useful: institutional and legal, comparative, behavioral and decision-making method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
27. An EEC Dual Channel Switching Algorithm Based on Engine Thrust Sensitivity
- Author
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Wang, Xiuqi, Shen, Jie, Hu, Zhongzhi, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martin, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Wang, Rui, editor, Chen, Zengqiang, editor, Zhang, Weicun, editor, and Zhu, Quanmin, editor
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Driving Force of Urban Water Body Change in Chonburi Province, Thailand
- Author
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Nararuk Boonyanam and Somskaow Bejranonda
- Subjects
Driving force ,Water body change ,Urbanization ,EEC ,Thailand ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
The rapid urbanization from special economic zones (SEZs) in Asia poses a risk on water crisis. This paper identifies water body change trend and its driving force of change in Chonburi province; the most urbanized area in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand, in order to analyse the root cause of water shortage in the area. Land use maps from 2006 to 2019 were used to evaluate the changing trend in water bodies using land use transition matrix and land use dynamic degree. Panel data from 364 observations in the Chonburi sub-district was used to assess the driving forces of water body change using panel data analysis. The study reveals that the water bodies are experiencing an increasing trend at the annual rate of 10.72%. The most predominant factor of change is the type of governance, followed by agricultural land use, climate change and population respectively. The results highlight the increasing trend of human-made urban water bodies, the importance of the local authority and the need of international collaboration. Therefore, the government should consider to strengthen measures and policy relative to water body change in the area in order to induce significant impact on future urban water supply.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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29. NIR spectroscopy for reaction monitoring and reaction mixture identification of cycloaliphatic epoxides.
- Author
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Betz, Kai C., Heinz, Roman, Tesch, Matthias, and Pauer, Werner
- Abstract
The industrially relevant cycloaliphatic epoxides do not have a directly distinguishable band in the NIR spectrum and their polymerisation conversion has so far typically been estimated via the simultaneous polymerisation of vinyl ethers. Here, an analytical procedure is presented for the quantitative inline analysis of 4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate without the need to mix cycloaliphatic epoxides with vinyl ethers. By employing multivariate data analysis on the reaction spectra, the conversion could be analysed spectroscopically. This resulted in a mean uncertainty of 3.38% conversion in the range between 0 and 40% conversion. In addition, a deviation from the initial monomer concentration of 5 w% over a temperature range of 100 °C can be detected and identified via principal component analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Unintentional neo-colonialism? Three generations of trade and development relationship between EU and West Africa.
- Author
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Odijie, Michael E.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *NEOCOLONIALISM , *POLITICAL elites , *ECONOMIC change , *FINANCIAL crises - Abstract
This article argues that the limited economic transformation in West African countries is a function of the interaction between domestic elites' quest for political survival and the EU's international trade partnership with former colonies (Yaoundé Convention 1963–1975; Lomé Convention 1975–2000 and Cotonou Agreement 2000–present). The counterfactual argument, demonstrated clearly in a comparative study (of the Yaoundé era), is that in the absence of the EU's trade partnership, ruling elites would have had to negotiate their survival by promoting economic change instead of colonial continuity. As not all West African countries joined the Yaoundé Conventions (1963–1975), a comparison of the affiliated and the non-affiliated countries was conducted from 1960 to 1975. Analysis of the differences between the countries in these three areas (economic crisis, political crisis with economic origins and diversification) reveals two trajectories in West Africa: neo-colonialism (for affiliated countries); and economic change (for unaffiliated countries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Study of the filtration efficiency of radon progeny in facial masks.
- Author
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Martínez, J.E., Juste, B., and Verdú, G.
- Subjects
- *
RADON , *ALPHA decay , *MEDICAL masks , *FILTERS & filtration , *POTENTIAL energy , *LUNG cancer - Abstract
Radon exposure is the second-leading environmental cause of lung cancer, therefore finding ways to reduce the radon inhalation dose is a priority objective. Inhalation dose is calculated considering two contributions, the radon gas on the one hand and its progeny on the other. This paper studies the effectiveness of face masks (surgical masks, FFP2 and FFP3) to reduce the contribution of radon descendants that pass into the respiratory tract and thus reduce associated inhalation doses. To analyze the radon filtering potential of these masks, a continuous radon monitor has been used to estimate the radon concentration and the Potential Alpha Energy Concentration with and without facial masks. The data registered by this monitor, together with an error minimization algorithm developed in Matlab® , allow the Equilibrium Equivalent Concentration to be calculated. These results make it possible to compare the inhalation doses received by a person not wearing or wearing different types of masks, obtaining a dose reduction of 64% for surgical masks compared to the study without mask, a reduction of 71% for FFP2 and 72% for FFP3 masks. • Reduction in the inhalation dose of radon progeny with the use of commercial face masks. • Developed different methodologies to measure radon progeny. • Use of a continuous air monitor for the determination of PAEC and EEC. • Determination of EEC of radon progeny through alpha decays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A spectrum of TP63-related disorders with eight affected individuals in five unrelated families.
- Author
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Soğukpınar, Merve, Utine, Gülen Eda, Boduroğlu, Koray, and Şimşek-Kiper, Pelin Özlem
- Subjects
- *
ECTODERMAL dysplasia , *DYSPLASIA , *FOOT , *CLEFT lip , *SWEAT glands , *GENETIC variation , *PALATE - Abstract
TP63 -related disdorders broadly involve varying combinations of ectodermal dysplasia (sparse hair, hypohydrosis, tooth abnormalities, nail dysplasia), cleft lip/palate, acromelic malformation, split-hand/foot malformation/syndactyly, ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, lacrimal duct obstruction, hypopigmentation, and hypoplastic breasts and/or nipples. TP63 -related disorders are associated with heterozygous pathogenic variants in TP63 and include seven overlapping phenotypes; Ankyloblepharon‐ectodermal defects‐cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC), Ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (EEC3), Limb‐mammary syndrome (LMS), Acro‐dermo‐ungual‐lacrimal‐tooth syndrome (ADULT), Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome (RHS), Split-hand/foot malformation 4 (SHFM4), and Orofacial cleft 8. We report on five unrelated families with 8 affected individuals in which the probands presented with varying combinations of ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, split-hand/foot malformation, lacrimal duct obstruction, and ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum. The clinical diagnosis involved AEC syndrome (2 patients), EEC3 syndrome (2 patients), and a yet hitherto unclassified TP63 -related disorder. Sanger sequence analysis of the TP63 gene was performed revealing five different variants among which four were novel and three were de novo. The identificated TP63 variants co-segregated with the other affected individuals in the families. The abnormalities of ectoderm derived structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, and teeth should alert the physician to the possibility of TP63 -related disorders particularly in the presence of orofacial clefting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 'Their proper place': women, work and the marriage bar in independent Ireland, c. 1924–1973.
- Author
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Foley, Deirdre
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL service , *EQUALITY , *WOMEN , *ACTIVISM - Abstract
Until 1973, women in the Irish civil service were legally required to retire from employment after marriage. Certain lower grades were female only, and pay grades were demarked by both marital status and gender. The marriage bar was also observed informally in teaching and in the private sector. For women who remained single, it was difficult and unusual to achieve promotion in most fields. This article explores the complex history of the civil service marriage bar in independent Ireland, and in relation to marriage bars in teaching and certain spheres of private employment. It argues that the Catholic social concept of a 'family wage' was central to the prevalence of the marriage bar in twentieth-century Ireland. A single-income household was seen as the ideal, with female workers often viewed by a patriarchal government and religious hierarchy as a threat to male breadwinners. While protest and opposition to the marriage bar was not always widespread, the 'family wage' model of employment, although idealized from Irish independence, did not fit with economic reality and the lived experience of many women. Finally, this article highlights female activism associated with the marriage bar, its eventual abrogation, and its problematic legacy for women in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. On the Road to the Membership of the European Communities. Political, Economic and Social Changes in Greece, Spain, Portugal discussed in the "Polityka" weekly magazine (1981-1987).
- Author
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BARABASZ, ADAM
- Subjects
SOCIAL change ,POLITICAL change - Abstract
Copyright of Yearbook of European Integration / Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Struktura i obroty handlowe między RFN a ZSRR w latach 70. XX w. jako przejaw postępującego spowolnienia i kryzysu gospodarczego Związku Radzieckiego.
- Author
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KLIMIUK, Zbigniew
- Abstract
Copyright of Historia i Polityka is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Kinetic Energy and Vorticity Perspectives of the Rapid Development of an Explosive Extratropical Cyclone Over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in February 2018
- Author
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Hui Wang, Mengjiao Du, Chenghu Sun, and Bo Zhang
- Subjects
EEC ,vorticity budget ,KE budget ,rotation ,wind speed ,Science - Abstract
Explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) have long been a research focus for the meteorological society as they often cause serious economic losses and casualties. However, after a long period of research, there still remain some knowledge gaps about their rapid development. In this article, we conducted the first study by using both vorticity and kinetic energy (KE) budgets simultaneously on a typical EEC, which was the strongest EEC that affected the coastal areas of China in the last 3 years, to further the understanding of the mechanisms governing its rapid enhancement in rotation and wind speed. The vorticity budget shows that the lower-level convergence-related vertical stretching and the vertical transport of vorticity acted as the most and second most favorable factors for the increase in the cyclone's cyclonic vorticity, respectively, which were different from those findings based on the Zwack–Okossi vorticity budget. In contrast, the horizontal transport of vorticity and tilting mainly decelerated the EEC's development. Energetics features governing the rapid wind enhancement of the EEC were shown for the first time. It is found that the work on the rotational wind by the pressure gradient force and the net import transport of KE by the rotational wind contributed the largest and second largest to the cyclone's increase in wind speed. In contrast, the upward transport of KE and the cyclone's displacement mainly acted in an opposite way. Analysis based on the Green's theorem and rotational wind shows that the enhancement of the EEC's rotation and wind speed were linked to each other solidly.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A folk theory of the EEC: popular euroscepticism in the early 1980s.
- Author
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Moss, Jonathan and Clarke, Nick
- Subjects
- *
BREXIT Referendum, 2016 , *EUROSCEPTICISM , *SOCIAL scientists , *EUROPEAN communities , *CULTURAL property , *POLITICAL parties - Abstract
The 2016 EU Referendum has renewed the focus of historians and social scientists on Britain's historical relationship with Europe as they aim to develop a better understanding of 'the road to Brexit'. The development of Euroscepticism in Britain has often been approached from an elite perspective, with a focus on the conflicting ideas and arguments between politicians, political parties, and the media. This article builds on existing studies by focusing on popular attitudes to Europe during the early 1980s. We analyse responses to a 'special directive' issued by the Mass Observation Project in the autumn of 1982 to mark the ten-year anniversary of Britain joining the European Economic Community (EEC). Reading this previously overlooked material for categories, storylines, and other cultural resources, we identify four key grievances MO panellists shared as common-sense evaluations of Britain's membership of the EEC. We argue these grievances constituted a wider folk theory of Euroscepticism circulating in British society six years prior to Margaret Thatcher's Bruges speech and subsequent debates about further integration in the early 1990s. In developing this argument, we contribute a better understanding of the content and origins of popular Euroscepticism in the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. EEC and Yugoslav cooperation in the frames of modern international relations in Europe
- Author
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E. G. Entina
- Subjects
yugoslavia ,balkans ,eu ,eec ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
Traditionally the phenomenon of the European integration towards South East Europe is regarded starting from the XXI century. The explanation for such a periodization are resolution of the open conflicts on the territory of the former Yugoslavia and implementation of the complex EU strategy for the region. Starting point of the majority of researches is the year of 2003 when the EU Agenda for the Western Balkans was started in Thessaloniki. The topic of EEC-Yugoslavia relations, SFRY having been first socialist country to institutionalize its trade and economic relations with Brussels, are unfairly ignored in domestic and foreign scientific literature. It is regarded solely as a chronological period of trade agreements. Nevertheless, this issue is of fundamental importance for understanding the current neighborhood of the European Union. The main thesis the author proves is that in the 1960s and 1980s as it is the case nowadays, the main imperative of Brussels' policy towards the Balkans was to prevent Moscow from increasing its influence. This led to the formation of a very specific format of relations with Belgrade and was one of the reasons why the economic crisis in Yugoslavia became extreme and its economy irreformable. In addition, at a later and structurally much more complicated stage of relations between the countries of the former Yugoslavia and the European Union the specificity and main components of relations of the Cold War period did not fundamentally change. As for the policy of so-called containment of the external actors one could see that besides Moscow, we can speak about similar attitude of the EU towards China. It makes it possible to consider the EU policy towards the countries of the former Yugoslavia in the paradigm of neoclassical realism, rather than in the paradigm of traditional liberal European integration approaches which allows us to unite neorealists elements with the specifics of internal processes, including the modernization of institutes, relations between society and state, types of political leadership.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Formation of the Foreign Policy Dimension of European Integration in the 40’s – 80’s Years of the 20th Century
- Author
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Andriy Hrubinko
- Subjects
foreign policy ,european integration ,european communities ,eec ,european political cooperation ,weu ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
The article is devoted to study history of formation mechanisms of foreign policy of the European Communities in the period before creation of the European Union (40s – 80s of the XXth century). The dynamics formation of the foreign and security component of European integration from the first postwar projects of political association of the leading states of Western Europe (France and Great Britain) to creation in the early 1970s of a mechanism of European political cooperation (EPC) and its further activity are traced. The article analyzes political and legal status, evolution of the organizational structure, main activities, international achievements and miscalculations in the work of the EPC. Positions of Member States of the European Communities on development of their foreign policy and security components have been taken into account. The conclusions stated that the processes of European integration in the post-war period began precisely from the political sphere. However, due to differences in the strategic views of the states of Western Europe, their unwillingness to surrender state sovereignty in favor of European political institutions, as well as the position of the United States, it very quickly moved into the formation of a purely economic regional association. At the same time, the scale of economic integration and international policy tendencies have led to the formation of the system of political cooperation, which has become commonplace in the work of the Community institutions and the interaction of the Member States. On the whole, the EPC remained a weak and declarative practice of regular inter-state meetings at various levels, because it was outside the system of institutions and the regulatory framework of the European Communities. National ambitions of the Member States, each of which often favored the established priorities of its own foreign policy over the common interests of the union. Achieved level of political unification positions and actions of the Member States of the European Communities did not significantly increase the influence of integration in the international space until the formation of the European Union.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Effect in Saturated Solutions on an Example of Polynuclear Aromatics According to Thermodynamics at Melting Temperature
- Author
-
Andrzej Mianowski and Grzegorz Łabojko
- Subjects
solubility ,aromatic hydrocarbons ,enthalpy ,entropy ,activity ,EEC ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
A thermodynamic the influence of temperature on the logarithm of the considered quantity is expressed by bifunctional functional terms (1/T, lnT). For this purpose, the Apelblat & Manzurola (A&M) equation was used for extended model dissolution analysis of 12 aromatic hydrocarbons in tetralin and decalin vs. temperature for saturated solutions. The A&M equation was found to be thermodynamically compensatory in the sense of Enthalpy-Entropy-Compensation (EEC) while limiting melting temperature Tm=∆mH∆mS. The coefficients for the functional terms A1 vs. A2 are a linear relationship, with a slope called the compensation temperature Tc, as ratio of average enthalpy to average entropy. From this dependence, it has been shown that the approximation of ∆cp=∆mS¯ is justified, also assuming the average entropy. Regarding the term representing the activity coefficients, modifications to the A&M equation were proposed by replacing the intercept and it was shown that the new form correctly determines ∆mH. However, the condition is that the molar fraction of the solute exceeds x > 0.5 moles. It has been shown that the simplest equation referred to van ’t Hoff’s isobar also allows the simultaneous determination of enthalpy and entropy, but these quantities do not always come down to melting temperature.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Combating Centralisation: Europe, Local Government and the Rise of the SNP, 1967–1975
- Author
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Petrie, Malcolm R., author
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. How European Integration Started Despite Ever-Present Disintegrative Forces
- Author
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Vollaard, Hans, Egan, Michelle, Series Editor, Nugent, Neill, Series Editor, Paterson, William E., Series Editor, and Vollaard, Hans
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effect of Earthing Enhancing Compound (EEC) on Improving Tower Footing Resistance of a 500 kV Tower in a Rocky Area.
- Author
-
Nasir, Nur Alia Farina Mohd, Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab, Osman, Miszaina, Abd Rahman, Muhamad Safwan, Ungku Amirulddin, Ungku Anisa, Mohd Nasir, Mohd Solehin, Zaini, Nur Hazirah, and Nik Ali, Nik Hakimi
- Subjects
SOIL profiles ,SOIL testing ,CURRENT distribution ,SOILS ,ELECTRIC lines ,SOIL structure - Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of different earthing designs' performances, with particular interest on the use of earthing enhancing compound (EEC) for a selected earthing design of 500 kV transmission towers in a rocky soil, using the SESCAD tool of the Current distribution, electromagnetic field grounding and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) software. The simulation included the interpretation of soil profile and comparison between designs A, B and C, which are currently used for the 500 kV tower footing resistance (TFR) improvement. Results showed each design had reduced the TFR by 66%, 54.7% and 63.2% for the towers T42, T48 and T50, respectively. In some cases, further improvement of TFR is required, especially in the rocky area where the soil resistivity (SR) value is of more than 500 Ω⋅m. In this case, EEC was used in Design C, encasing both the vertical and horizontal electrodes, and it reduced the TFR further by 16% to 20%. The characteristics of the soil and earthing arrangement design play an important role in achieving a low TFR value, which is directly proportional to the backflashover occurrence and thus to the transmission line performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Going Dutch: British private developers and the discovery of European property markets 1970-1975.
- Author
-
Verlaan, Tim
- Subjects
- *
REAL estate developers , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *INVESTORS , *NATIONAL character , *STEREOTYPES , *URBAN planning - Abstract
This contribution investigates the arrival of British developers on Dutch soil during the 1970s from a transnational perspective. Doing so will not only reveal how British expertise and financial strength led to a maturation of the Dutch property market, but will also shed a new light on the economic, cultural and political ties between two European trading partners. There is much academic and public debate today about the invasion of global cities by foreign property investors, yet empirical investigations of historical predecessors to the current situation are virtually non-existent. This contribution puts Britain's business relationship and interactions with Europe and the Netherlands central. This will reveal why British developers became interested in European property in the first place, how they viewed the market and its players based on national characteristics and stereotypes, and why British involvement eventually became heavily contested on the local level. This will lead to a more comprehensive and multifaceted narrative of British involvement in overseas property affairs during a period of growing rapprochement between Britain and the EEC, and adds to our understanding of both Anglo-European relations and local sentiments towards international influences in a more general sense. The focus of the article lies on attitudes and mindsets, as these ultimately facilitated the transnational flows of capital and knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Ocular manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia.
- Author
-
Landau Prat, Daphna, Katowitz, William R., Strong, Alanna, and Katowitz, James A.
- Subjects
- *
ECTODERMAL dysplasia , *EYELASHES , *OCULAR manifestations of general diseases , *BLEPHAROPTOSIS , *SWEAT glands , *CHILDREN'S hospitals - Abstract
Purpose: The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) constitute a group of disorders characterized by abnormalities in two or more ectodermal derivatives, including skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with ED.Methods: Retrospective case series including consecutive ED subjects who were treated in the ophthalmology department at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia over a 12-year period (2009-2020). Main Outcome Measures were ocular and ocular adnexal abnormalities.Results: Thirty subjects were included: 20 males (67%), mean age of 4.5 years (range 0.3-18). Patients with different subtypes were included, with the hypohidrotic ED and ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting variants being most prevalent. Most common findings were: lacrimal drainage obstruction in 12 (40%) including punctal agenesis in 10 (33%), refractive errors in 13 (43%) and amblyopia in 6 (20%). A new finding of eyelid ptosis or eyelash ptosis was demonstrated in 11 subjects (37%), mostly associated with TP63 or EDA1 genes variants.Conclusion: Ectodermal dysplasias are associated with various ocular pathologies and amblyopia in the pediatric population. We report a possible genetic association between lash ptosis and EDA1 gene, and eyelid ptosis and TP63 or EDA1 genes variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. U.S. European foreign policy vector (50-60s of the XX century)
- Author
-
Dmytro Lakishyk
- Subjects
usa ,western europe ,ussr ,cold war ,nato ,eec ,edc ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 ,Law ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The article argues that the United States entered the post-war world in a completely new role for the state, surpassed all other countries in the main indicators of strength – military, economic, technological and cultural. World wars turned them into the center of Western civilization, which opposed Soviet power, which secured significant spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and the Far East as a result of World War II. It is argued that the main areas of geopolitical rivalry between the two centers of power are the regions that are on the periphery of Eurasia: the clash line in Europe, the Middle and the Far East. Throughout the entire period of rivalry, the United States has transformed from an episodic into a constant factor in European politics, institutionalizing its presence in the Old World and building relations with Western European allies on the basis of “Atlantism”, “interdependence” and “burden sharing”. It was proved that the main task of the US administrations in the post-war period was the creation of a “power perimeter” around the zone of Soviet control, maintaining its functioning and further strengthening. First, its line ran in Europe, then in East Asia, and later was expanded to the Middle East, having adequate support with American military bases and military-political blocs. It is noted that the confrontation between the two superpowers took place including the alternation of conflict and cooperation, reflected the desire of the victors to consolidate the subordinate position of the defeated – mainly Germany and Japan – in the new system of international relations. Carrying out “containment” of the USSR, the USA actually implemented a policy of “double containment”, directed both against the potential strengthening of Germany and in order to maintain control over Western Europe as a whole. In this regard, the consolidation of “spheres of influence” of each of the parties preserved the results of the war, providing “silent cooperation” on issues of principle.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effects of ectoine containing nasal spray and eye drops on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
- Author
-
Anne M. Salapatek, Nina Werkhäuser, Basma Ismail, Ralph Mösges, Esther Raskopf, and Andreas Bilstein
- Subjects
ARC ,ectoine ,EEC ,environmental exposure chamber ,seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis ,total nasal symptom score ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background Patients are often dissatisfied with the symptom control obtained from available pharmacological treatments for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Therefore, patients seek for alternative, nonpharmacological options to treat their symptoms. Here, we assessed the efficacy of ectoine nasal spray and ectoine eye drops in comparison to placebo to prevent nasal and ocular symptoms following exposure to pollen in patients with ARC. Methods In this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study, 46 patients with ARC applied ectoine eye drops and nasal spray in immediate succession or placebo eye drops and nasal spray for 13 days before ARC symptoms were induced in an environmental exposure chamber. Primary endpoint was the baseline‐adjusted area under the curve (AUC) posttreatment total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the total ocular symptom score (TOSS) using analysis of covariance. Secondary endpoints were, amongst others, total nonnasal symptoms score (TNNSS) and nasal patency (measured using acoustic rhinometry). Results Treatment with both ectoine and placebo reduced TNSS, TOSS, and TNNSS upon allergen exposure. The analysis of parameters at baseline and after allergen exposure demonstrated that ectoine induced a clinically relevant improvement in ARC symptoms compared to placebo: the least square mean difference for baseline‐adjusted AUC was ‒1.87 for TNSS, ‒1.45 for TOSS and ‒2.20 for TNNSS. The mean change from baseline AUC of TNNSS for ectoine was also significantly greater than for placebo (‒5.49 vs. ‒3.46; p = 0.011). Ectoine significantly improved the singular symptoms “sneezing,” “watery eyes” and “itchy eyes” (p ≤ 0.021) as well as “itchy ear/palate” (p = 0.036) in comparison to placebo. Mean cross sectional areas of the nasal cavity were reduced to a lesser extent after treatment with ectoine (‒0.020 ± 0.022) than with placebo (‒0.047 ± 0.029). The current study also demonstrated a very good safety profile of ectoine treatment. Few AEs with comparable numbers in both treatment groups were reported during the study, which were mild in severity and resolved without medical treatment. Conclusion The study suggests that ectoine is effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms associated with ARC. Being a natural, bacteria derived stress protection molecule functioning by a physical mode of action, it therefore represents an alternative nonpharmacological treatment option.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effects of ectoine containing nasal spray and eye drops on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
- Author
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Salapatek, Anne M., Werkhäuser, Nina, Ismail, Basma, Mösges, Ralph, Raskopf, Esther, and Bilstein, Andreas
- Subjects
- *
EYE drops , *INTRANASAL medication , *THERAPEUTICS , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *PHYSICAL mobility , *ALLERGIC rhinoconjunctivitis - Abstract
Background: Patients are often dissatisfied with the symptom control obtained from available pharmacological treatments for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Therefore, patients seek for alternative, nonpharmacological options to treat their symptoms. Here, we assessed the efficacy of ectoine nasal spray and ectoine eye drops in comparison to placebo to prevent nasal and ocular symptoms following exposure to pollen in patients with ARC. Methods: In this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study, 46 patients with ARC applied ectoine eye drops and nasal spray in immediate succession or placebo eye drops and nasal spray for 13 days before ARC symptoms were induced in an environmental exposure chamber. Primary endpoint was the baseline‐adjusted area under the curve (AUC) posttreatment total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the total ocular symptom score (TOSS) using analysis of covariance. Secondary endpoints were, amongst others, total nonnasal symptoms score (TNNSS) and nasal patency (measured using acoustic rhinometry). Results: Treatment with both ectoine and placebo reduced TNSS, TOSS, and TNNSS upon allergen exposure. The analysis of parameters at baseline and after allergen exposure demonstrated that ectoine induced a clinically relevant improvement in ARC symptoms compared to placebo: the least square mean difference for baseline‐adjusted AUC was ‒1.87 for TNSS, ‒1.45 for TOSS and ‒2.20 for TNNSS. The mean change from baseline AUC of TNNSS for ectoine was also significantly greater than for placebo (‒5.49 vs. ‒3.46; p = 0.011). Ectoine significantly improved the singular symptoms "sneezing," "watery eyes" and "itchy eyes" (p ≤ 0.021) as well as "itchy ear/palate" (p = 0.036) in comparison to placebo. Mean cross sectional areas of the nasal cavity were reduced to a lesser extent after treatment with ectoine (‒0.020 ± 0.022) than with placebo (‒0.047 ± 0.029). The current study also demonstrated a very good safety profile of ectoine treatment. Few AEs with comparable numbers in both treatment groups were reported during the study, which were mild in severity and resolved without medical treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests that ectoine is effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms associated with ARC. Being a natural, bacteria derived stress protection molecule functioning by a physical mode of action, it therefore represents an alternative nonpharmacological treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Between negation and engagement. European integration in Mieczysław F. Rakowski's journalism and political activity in 1958-1990.
- Author
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BARABASZ, ADAM
- Subjects
EUROPEAN integration ,JOURNALISM ,POLITICAL participation ,EUROPEAN communities ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Yearbook of European Integration / Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Netherlands and European Integration
- Author
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Segers, Mathieu
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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