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Purpose: To realize a systematic review with prospective meta-analysis aiming to compare the accuracy of static fully guided implant placement depending on the drill key modality (conventional drill key surgery systems vs newer keyless systems) and evaluate the impact of deviation factors. Materials and Methods: An electronic systematic search was conducted to identify prospective clinical trials matching inclusion criteria. The variables of interest were coronal global, apical, vertical, and angular deviations. The types of edentulism and surgical guide support were investigated as deviation factors. Meta-regression (mixed-effect model) was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's I² test and interpretation thresholds. Results: A total of 1,233 implants in 475 patients were analyzed (18 studies included). Coronal global deviation was significantly lower in the keyless group than in the key group (-0.36 mm; 95% CI -0.62, -0.09; P = .008). Angulation control of the keyless system was superior to that of the key system (-0.36 degrees; 95% CI -0.75, 0.02; P = .063). Nonsignificant differences were found between both groups in apical (P = .684) and vertical deviations (P = .958). Significant influence of the type of edentulism (single, partial, total) and surgical guide support (tooth, mucosa, bone) on the overall amount of coronal global, apical, and angular deviations was found (P < .001). The lowest deviations were found in partial edentulism and tooth-supported surgical guide groups. (P < .001). Conclusions: Keyless static fully guided surgical systems allowed significantly better control of coronal and angular deviations than conventional systems. The types of edentulism and surgical guide support seemed to influence the positioning accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents the first comprehensive qualitative systematic review on sport coaches' and teachers' perceptions and application of Game-Based Approaches (GBA) and Constraints-Led Approach (CLA). From searching 12 electronic academic databases from 1982 to 2020, 29 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-study. Data revealed studies were conducted in several different countries, and case study design was the predominant methodology. The main data collection method reported was cross-sectional interviews. There were inconsistencies in the quality of reporting methodologies, sampling procedures, data analysis, and assessing quality. The meta-theory analysis identified weaknesses in the methodological and conceptual approaches, and a low number of studies stated philosophical perspectives. The meta-synthesis identified assumptions about learning, pedagogical knowledge and skills, content knowledge, and support as the overarching themes reported to impact coaches' and teachers' perceptions and application of GBAs and CLA. Finally, some recommendations for future research and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the most effective protocol for bonding denture bases and artificial teeth made with different computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials (milled and 3D-printed) and conventional heat-polymerized resins. Materials and Methods: This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria and registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (CRD42021276084). An electronic search was performed independently by two examiners in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and OpenGrey databases for articles published up to and including December 2021. Results: The electronic search returned 806 articles, and after duplicates were removed, 589 articles remained. Four articles met the eligibility criteria to be included in this study. After evaluating the different combinations of denture base materials and artificial teeth, it was found that IvoBase CAD Bond (Ivoclar Vivadent) was effective for bonding CAD/CAM denture bases to prefabricated acrylic resin teeth, which showed no differences compared to the heat-polymerized resin denture base bonded to prefabricated acrylic resin teeth (2: 68.56; I2: 96%; P < .001). Conclusions: The IvoBase CAD Bond bonding system can be used for the fabrication of CAD/CAM denture bases with prefabricated acrylic resin teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify and map the scientific evidence regarding factors associated with the nonadaptation of completely edentulous patients to mandibular complete dentures. Materials and Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR statement for Scoping Reviews and was based on guidelines proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The methodology was registered on the Open Science Framework. An electronic search strategy was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases was conducted. Studies that evaluated factors associated with adaptation to and acceptance of mandibular complete dentures were included, such as sociodemographic, psychologic, patient-related, and denture-related items. Results: The search conducted in March 2022 yielded 9,978 studies. In total, 24 studies were included for data extraction. Sociodemographic factors did not interfere with adaptation to a mandibular complete denture. Psychologic factors and patient-related aspects showed greater association with nonadaptation to mandibular complete dentures than denturereported factors. Conclusion: Although it is suggestive that psychologic and patient-related factors have higher association with the acceptance of new dentures, data must be interpreted with caution due to the variability of methodologies of the studies included in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There are around 24 distinct lipid vesicles described in the literature that are similar to vesicular systems such as liposomes. Liposome-like structures are formed by combining certain amphiphilic lipids with a suitable stabiliser. Since their discovery and classification, self-assembled liposome-like structures as active drug delivery vehicles captured researchers' curiosity. This comprehensive study included an in-depth literature search using electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, focusing on studies on liposome and liposomes like structure, discussed in literature till 2024, their sizes, benefits, drawback, method of preparation, characterisation and pharmaceutical applications. Pharmacosomes, cubosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, and genosomes, all liposome-like structures, have the most potential due to their smaller size with high loading capacity, ease of absorption, and ability to treat inflammatory illnesses. Genosomes are futuristic because of its affinity for DNA/gene transport, which is an area of focus in today's treatments. This review will critically analyse the composition, preparation procedures, drug encapsulating technologies, drug loading, release mechanism, and related applications of all liposome-like structures, highlighting their potential benefits with enhanced efficacy over each other and over traditional carriers by paving the way for exploring novel drug delivery systems in the Pharma industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate, using a network meta-analysis, the effects of different transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modalities on improving cognitive function after stroke. Methods: Computer searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embass, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were conducted to collect randomized controlled clinical studies on the use of TMS to improve cognitive function in stroke patients, published from the time of database construction to November 2023. Results: A total of 29 studies and 2123 patients were included, comprising five interventions: high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS), low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS), intermittent theta rhythm stimulation (iTBS), sham stimulation (SS), and conventional rehabilitation therapy (CRT). A reticulated meta-analysis showed that the rankings of different TMS intervention modalities in terms of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, Mini-Mental State Examination scores (MMSE), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores were: HF-rTMS > LF-rTMS > iTBS > SS > CRT; the rankings of different TMS intervention modalities in terms of the event-related potential P300. amplitude scores were HF-rTMS > LF-rTMS > iTBS > CRT > SS; the rankings of different TMS intervention modalities in terms of the P300 latency scores were: iTBS > HF-rTMS > LF-rTMS > SS > CRT. Subgroup analyses of secondary outcome indicators showed that HF-rTMS significantly improved Rivermead Behavior Memory Test scores and Functional Independence Measurement-Cognitive scores. Conclusions: High-frequency TMS stimulation has a better overall effect on improving cognitive functions and activities of daily living, such as attention and memory in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the Bateman--Horn Conjecture from number theory to give strong evidence of a positive answer to Peter Neumann's question, whether there are infinitely many simple groups of order a product of six primes. (Those with fewer than six were classified by Burnside, Frobenius and Hölder in the 1890s.) The groups satisfying this condition are PSL2(8), PSL2(9) and PSL2(p) for primes p such that p² -- 1 is a product of six primes. The conjecture suggests that there are infinitely many such primes p, by providing heuristic estimates for their distribution which agree closely with evidence from computer searches. We also briefly discuss the applications of this conjecture to other problems in group theory, such as the classifications of permutation groups and of linear groups of prime degree, the structure of the power graph of a finite simple group, the construction of highly symmetric block designs, and the possible existence of infinitely many Kn groups for each n ≥ 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of problem: Atrophied jaw is a condition where there is insufficient bone quantity and quality. Several treatment plans are available for treating atrophied jaws, including subperiosteal implants. Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of subperiosteal implants for severely atrophied jaws using digital technology. Materials and methods: An electronic and manual search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Publications of cohort studies, case series, and case reports written in English without data restrictions that reported on subperiosteal implant management of patients with severely atrophied jaws in a completely and partially edentulous population. Results: A total of 26 articles, comprising 302 cases, were analyzed. In patients with severely atrophied jaws. The success rate was 87.7%, the surviving rate was 95.3%. The most common complications were biological, such as dehiscence and framework exposure. The rates of biologic complications were 11.5%, and the rates of prosthetic problems were 5.9%. Conclusions: Subperiosteal implants designed and constructed using digital technology are a promising treatment in the short term. Attention should be directed to decrease the biological complication. Correct designing, implanting, fixing, and patient selection and maintenance are critical for the success of the treatment. Longer prospective studies with larger population are needed to view the effect on hard and soft tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider 2-designs which admit a group of automorphisms that is flag-transitive and leaves invariant a chain of nontrivial point-partitions. We build on our recent work on 2-designs which are block-transitive but not necessarily flag-transitive. In particular we use the concept of the "array" of a point subset with respect to the chain of point-partitions; the array describes the distribution of the points in the subset among the classes of each partition. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the array in order for the subset to be a block of such a design. By explicit construction we show that for any s ≥ 2 , there are infinitely many 2-designs admitting a flag-transitive group that preserves an invariant chain of point-partitions of length s. Moreover an exhaustive computer search, using Magma, seeking designs with e 1 e 2 e 3 points (where each e i ≤ 50 ) and a partition chain of length s = 3 , produced 57 such flag-transitive designs, among which only three designs arise from our construction—so there is still much to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe outdoor air pollution in China has long constituted a threat to public health and environmental governance efficiency. Surveillance of online search behaviours that reflect real-time public risk perception and behavioural responses on environmental issues is essential in improving environmental governance. However, owing to the absence of an appropriate analytical framework, quantitative evidence of analysing online data is scarce in the extant research. To address this research gap, we analysed Baidu search indexes (BSI) keywords relevant to the public risk perception and behavioural responses on outdoor air pollution by a surveillance framework consisting of two parallel steps (prediction and monitoring). The proposed framework may improve environmental risk governance efficiency and benefit environmental risk governance policy decision-making through considering real-time public risk perceptions and behavioural response information. Using online search behaviour data, this study adds to the methodology for improving the efficacy of environmental social risk governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading global cause of years lived with disability. Of the biopsychosocial domains of health, social determinants of LBP remain under-researched. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be associated with the onset of new LBP or outcomes of acute LBP, with educational attainment (EA) being a key component of SES. The association between EA and LBP has yet to be the subject of a dedicated review and meta-analysis. Purpose: To review evidence of the association between EA and a) onset or b) outcomes of acute and subacute LBP in the adult general population and to conduct statistical pooling of data where possible. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ProQuest from inception to 2nd November 2023 including reference lists to identify relevant prospective studies. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Where adequate data were available, estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Overall evidence for each outcome was graded using an adapted GRADE. Results: After screening 8498 studies, 29 were included in the review. Study confounding and attrition were common biases. Data from 19 studies were statistically pooled to explore EA as a predictor of new LBP onset or as prognostic for outcomes of acute or subacute LBP. Pooled results showed no association between EA and the onset of new LBP (OR: 0.927, 95%CI: 0.747 to 1.150; I2 = 0%). For predicting outcomes of acute LBP, compared to those with no more than secondary-level education, post-secondary education or higher was associated with better outcomes of pain (OR: 0.538, 95%CI: 0.432 to 0.671; I2 = 35%) or disability (OR: 0.565, 95%CI: 0.420 to 0.759; I2 = 44%). High heterogeneity (I2>80%) prevented meaningful pooling of estimates for subacute LBP outcomes. Conclusion: We found no consistent evidence that lower EA increases the risk of LBP onset. Lower EA shows a consistent association with worse LBP outcomes measured at least 3 months later after acute onset with inconclusive findings in subacute LBP. Causation cannot be supported owing to study designs. High-quality research is needed on potential mechanisms to explain these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate) are required in specific amounts for proper functioning of the human body. Although the body has different organ systems, such as the kidneys, that regulate electrolyte levels in the blood, electrolyte abnormalities occur frequently in people with eating disorders. The objective of this review will be to examine the association between electrolyte imbalances and adverse outcomes in people with eating disorders. Methods: A systematic review of studies on eating and electrolyte disorders shall be conducted. Electronic searches shall be done in the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Selected studies shall include randomized control trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials, and cross-sectional studies published in English or French. Quality appraisal of studies and a narrative synthesis of extracted data shall be conducted. Discussion: This review will synthesize existing evidence on electrolyte abnormalities in people with eating disorders. It will identify the type of electrolyte imbalances, their impact, and outcomes in people with eating disorders. We anticipate that information that will be useful to policy makers and clinicians in designing better policies to prevent eating disorders and or manage people with eating disorders shall be elucidated in this study. Dissemination: The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a journal. Review registration: This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number CRD42023477497. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is crucial to conduct systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) to make causal references, in order to inform the clinical guidelines and decision-making. The high reporting quality of reviews through compliance with the guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) could promote the consistency and reproducibility across the published articles. The purpose of this meta-epidemiological study is to evaluate the reporting methodological quality of SRs on the association between sleep duration and hypertension. Methods: An electronic search in an online database was performed to retrieve systematic reviews and meta-analyses published up to 31st December 2022. Data screening and extraction were conducted by two investigators. The reporting quality of each included article was measured with reference to the 27-item 2020 PRISMA checklist, and methodological quality was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2. PRISMA evaluation was determined by total scores of individual SR and items scores and AMSTAR-2 assessment was also conducted using four categories. Results: Of 2269 articles captured in the initial search, 15 SRs were included in the final analyses. All SRs had more than one incomplete PRISMA item. The mean of total scores was 20.5 (range 14–25), and the results of the AMSTAR-2 assessment were critically low to low. The reporting quality of "rationale," "objectives," "selection process," "study selection," "discussion," and 'support' was fully reported. SRs that reported registration information and protocol had a higher PRISMA score than articles that reported certain deficiencies. From the results of the AMSTAR-2 assessment, the methodological quality of these SRs and MAs was critically low to low. None of the included literature provided a list of excluded articles, and the report of the search strategy was incomplete; half of the SRs did not use appropriate tools to assess the risk of bias in each included study. Conclusions: Both the reporting and methodological quality of overall studies are less than ideal, with several key items being consistently under-reported. The quality measured by AMSTAR-2 is mainly consistent with the quality of reporting. Authors, reviewers, and journal editors should raise awareness and move forward to encourage completeness of SR reporting based on the results, which can aid in enhancing the quality of evidence. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023459901. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This work provides an overview of the incentives used for plasma donation in Europe and beyond. The overview can provide new ideas to blood establishments. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic online search of incentives used and asked national experts to validate the data across all European Union countries as well as other European and non‐European countries. We categorized the data into level of incentive (using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' rungs [2011]) and country. Results: We analysed more than 490 organizations across 26 countries. Our findings reveal different incentives used in these countries. Snacks and pre‐donation health checks are commonly provided. In addition, loyalty programmes, small gifts, vouchers, lotteries, travel compensations and time off from work extend the strategic incentive portfolio. Only seven countries offer financial compensation ranging from the equivalent of 10–35€ for European countries. In countries with a decentralized model, where more than one organization collects plasma, we observe that more diversified incentive strategies are generally used, including monetary and non‐monetary incentives. In countries with a centralized model, where only one organization is allowed to collect plasma, financial compensation is usually not offered. Centralized plasma collection without financial compensation relies on a wider range of non‐monetary incentives than with financial compensation. Conclusion: The country group analysis offers valuable insights into the relationship between incentive strategies and the prevailing centralized versus decentralized plasma collection model. This overview provides a broader understanding of incentives used by blood establishments and offers avenues for future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fertility outcomes based on size and number of intramural leiomyomas and outcomes after removal. DATA SOURCES: Online searches: MEDLINE, Clinical-Trials.gov, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO Library from 1994 to 2023. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: A total of 5,143 studies were identified, with inclusion of 13 study groups. TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS: Outcomes for size and number of leiomyomas were reported with clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates. In data sets with maximum leiomyoma diameters of less than 6 cm for study inclusion, women with leiomyomas smaller than 3 cm had lower clinical pregnancy rates than women without leiomyomas, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.38-0.76) and, for ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates, an OR of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.41-0.86). The ORs for clinical pregnancy rates in women with intermediately-sized leiomyomas (those between 3 cm and 6 cm) were lower than in women without leiomyomas, with an OR at 0.43 (95% CI, 0.29-0.63) and, for ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rates, an OR at 0.38 (95% CI, 0.24-0.59). In data sets without exclusion for women with larger-sized leiomyomas, clinical pregnancy rates were lower for those with leiomyomas smaller than 5 cm compared with those without leiomyomas, with an OR of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.58-0.96). Women with leiomyomas larger than 5 cm showed no differences in clinical pregnancy rate compared with women without leiomyomas, with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.32-1.58). Although women with a single leiomyoma in any location had no differences in outcomes, those with more than one leiomyoma had lower clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rates, with an OR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.86) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.36-0.88), respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate for women undergoing myomectomy for intramural leiomyomas was no different than those with intramural leiomyomas in situ, with an OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.77-1.59). CONCLUSION: Even small intramural leiomyomas are associated with lower fertility; removal does not confer benefit. Women with more than one leiomyoma in any location have reduced fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To review current literature and synthesize clinical outcomes related to different low-level laser techniques as a complement to basic periodontal therapy (BPT). Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, and clinical trials published from January 2013 to August 2023 using photobiomodulation as a complement to basic periodontal therapy, with a clear description of the laser technique, were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist. Estimates of interest were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. A total of 947 references were retrieved, and 22 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Ten studies used intrasulcular laser techniques, with 89% using infrared wavelength, and 12 studies used transgingival techniques, with 61.5% using red wavelength. The frequency of photobiomodulation after BPT ranged from 1 to 9 sessions, with follow-up periods ranging from 5 days to 12 months. Risk of bias was considered low in 16 studies and moderate in six studies. Meta-analysis of 13 studies showed that BPT reduced probing depth at 4-, 12- and 24-weeks post-treatment, and improved clinical level attachment at 6-, 12- and 24-weeks post-treatment. Studies suggest that photobiomodulation may be a valuable complement in the treatment of periodontitis, especially using transgingival application technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arthroscopic debridement is increasingly being utilised in patients with early-stage first carpometacarpal joint (FCMCJ) arthritis but has limited supportive evidence. This systematic review evaluates the literature, and reports on outcomes and adverse events following this procedure. Methods: An electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Central, looking for studies describing outcomes following arthroscopic debridement in FCMCJ arthritis, was performed in November 2022. Studies where bony resection or interposition was performed as adjuncts were excluded. Reported outcomes included visual analogue scores (VAS) for pain; Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores; pinch and grip strength; complications and re-operations. Results: Out of a total of 90 studies revealed from the search, only two studies were eligible for inclusion, with a cohort of 34 patients. Following arthroscopic debridement for FCMCJ osteoarthritis, the mean VAS improved by four units, mean DASH by 22 points, grip strength by 4.5 kg and pinch strength by 2 kg at mean follow-up of 18 months. The pooled complication and re-operation rates were 8.8% and 23.5%, respectively. Conclusions: There is a lack of evidence supporting the utility of FCMCJ arthroscopy and debridement in the management of patients with early arthritis. Although the limited evidence suggests that there may be some therapeutic benefit, further large-scale prospective studies need to be performed before making conclusive recommendations. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer by screening, vaccination and timely management of preinvasive cervical lesions. However, about 90% of the global burden of cervical cancer is reported from developing countries. Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the strategies implemented for cervical cancer screening in South Asia. Search Strategy: An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar was carried out for articles published in English, evaluating the implementation of cervical cancer screening between December 2000 and June 2023 in South Asia using appropriate search terms. Selection Criteria: Cross‐sectional studies, randomized control trials (RCTs) or non‐randomized controlled trials evaluating different cervical screening strategies were included. Data Collection and Analysis: A three‐stage selection process was performed using a validated proforma including the title, author, year of publication, objective, country, study design, screening methods, strategies and outcomes, and results. The systematic review was designed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tools. Main Results: Out of the initial 1135 articles reviewed systematically, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis of results. The implementation outcomes measured were acceptability (n = 23 100%), feasibility (n = 22, 95.7%), fidelity (n = 14, 60.9%), sustainability (n = 7, 30.4%), coverage (n = 4, 17.4%) and cost (n = 1, 4.3%). Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening can be effectively implemented by restructuring the ongoing programs. Synopsis: Cervical cancer screening can be effectively implemented in developing countries by shifting the focus from educational interventions to restructuring the ongoing programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authoritarian regimes attempt to control the circulation of political information. Scholars have identified many mechanisms through which actors can use broadcast and digital media to challenge or sustain authoritarian rule. However, while contemporary media environments are characterised by the integration of older and newer forms of communication, little is known about how authoritarian regimes use different media simultaneously to shape citizens' perceptions. In order to address this issue, this study relies on focus groups and investigates Russian TV viewers' cross-media repertoires and their reception of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It argues that some citizens evaluate state-aligned television narratives as more credible when they are reinforced by similar narratives in digital media. Citizens' reactions to this synchronisation are predicated on their type of media use. For not very active news consumers, the reliance on digital media can verify the regime's narratives in television news. Others can escape the synchronisation effect by actively searching online for additional information or not using digital media for news. These findings show how authoritarian regimes can utilise the advantages of hybrid media systems to shape citizens' perceptions and specify the conditions under which citizens can escape the effects of the regime's simultaneous use of different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that biased search results can produce substantial shifts in the opinions and voting preferences of undecided voters – a phenomenon called the "search engine manipulation effect" (SEME), one of the most powerful list effects ever discovered. We believe this is so because, unlike other list effects, SEME is supported by a daily regimen of operant conditioning. When people conduct searches for simple facts (86% of searches), the correct answer invariably turns up in the top position, which teaches users to attend to and click on high-ranking search results. As a result, when people are undecided, they tend to formulate opinions based on web pages linked to top search results. We tested this hypothesis in a controlled experiment with 551 US voters. Participants in our High-Trust group conducted routine searches in which the correct answer always appeared in the first search result. In our Low-Trust group, the correct answer could appear in any search position other than the first two. In all, participants had to answer five questions during this pre-training, and we focused our analysis on people who answered all the questions correctly (n = 355) – in other words, on people who were maximally impacted by the pre-training contingencies. A difference consistent with our hypothesis emerged between the groups when they were subsequently asked to search for information on political candidates. Voting preferences in the High-Trust group shifted toward the favored candidate at a higher rate (34.6%) than voting preferences in the Low-Trust group (17.1%, p = 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osseointegration is fundamental to achieving successful implant therapy in dentistry. However, the heat generated during implant placement emerges as a critical factor predisposing to implant failure. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the different factors related to heat generation during implant placement, offering insights to clinicians in their daily clinical practice. Methods: Utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, we conducted an electronic search for articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. The analysis focused on several factors including bone type, drill shape, drill speed, drill material, drilling force, osteotomy depth, drill load, drilling technique (intermittent or continuous), presence of a surgical guide, irrigation methods, drill wear, and preparation tools available. Results: Initially, 2525 records were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and full-text assessment, 93 articles were included in this scoping review. Additionally, some articles published before 2013 were incorporated in the bibliography to ensure completeness of the review. Conclusions: Heat generation during implant placement arises from a complex interplay of multiple factors. While irrigation and bone hardness appear to be crucial determinants of heat generation during the osteotomy phase, the involvement of other factors remains less clear. Further studies are needed to better understand the precise contribution of these factors towards increasing temperature at the implant site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in patients with halitosis and to assess whether probiotics can also be implemented as a preventative tool in oral health. Secondary objectives included the effect of probiotics on oral-health-related quality of life, as well as their safety. Materials and methods: An electronic literature search in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library was carried out for the identification and selection of relevant randomized controlled trials. Eligibility was based on inclusion criteria, which included RCTs published after 2013, and the outcome variables were volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels, organoleptic scores, plaque, or saliva samples to assess cariogenic bacteria counts and/or pH levels. Results: Out of 192 identified records, 16 randomized controlled trials were included. Ten of those studied the effects of probiotics on halitosis and the other six analyzed the effect of probiotics on oral health parameters, such as cariogenic bacteria counts, pH levels, and salivary flow and quality. A total of 921 patients were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool version 2. Conclusions: Probiotics exhibit the potential for oral health management by reducing VSC levels, improving saliva quality, and enhancing oral-health-related quality of life. Combining probiotics with tongue scraping may sustain VSC reduction, while symbiotics show potential in reducing tongue coating. However, different bacterial strains have been used in the included studies; hence, the conclusions cannot be generalized, being one of the main limitations of this review. Future research should explore the probiotics' potential to persist in the oral cavity post-treatment and employ standardized methodologies for conclusive efficacy assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines were introduced to improve the reporting of animal studies. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting adherence of orthodontic speciality animal studies in relation to ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. Associations between the reporting and study characteristics were explored. Materials and method An electronic database search was undertaken using Medline via PubMed (www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) to identify studies meeting the eligibility criteria published between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2023. Data extraction was performed in duplicate and independently. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions for the responses to each checklist item were calculated. Mean values for adequate reporting per ARRIVE item were calculated. A sum score was calculated by adding the responses (0 = not reported, 1 = inadequate reporting, 2 = adequate reporting) per item and sub-questions. On an exploratory basis, univariable linear regression between summary score and study characteristics (year of publication, continent of authorship, type of centre, and number of authors) was performed. Results Three hundred and eighty-four studies were analysed. Variability in the adequate reporting of the ARRIVE 2.0 guideline items was evident. In particular, in 32% of studies, there was a lack of reporting of the priori sample size calculation. Overall, the mean reporting score for the sample was 57.9 (SD 6.7 and range 34–74). There were no associations between score and study characteristics except for a weak association for year of publication with a small improvement over time (each additional year). Conclusions The reporting of animal studies relevant to the speciality of orthodontics is sub-optimal in relation to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. There was a tendency for the non-reporting of items pertaining to study sample size, eligibility, methods to reduce bias and interpretation/scientific implications. Greater awareness and reporting adherence to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines are required to reduce research waste involving animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated landmark detection for cephalometric analysis on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. Search methods An electronic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and grey literature with search timeline extending up to January 2024. Selection criteria Studies that employed AI for 2D or 3D cephalometric landmark detection were included. Data collection and analysis The selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the 2D landmarks identification based on both mean radial error and standard error. Results Following the removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and full-text reading, 34 publications were selected. Amongst these, 27 studies evaluated the accuracy of AI-driven automated landmarking on 2D lateral cephalograms, while 7 studies involved 3D-CBCT images. A meta-analysis, based on the success detection rate of landmark placement on 2D images, revealed that the error was below the clinically acceptable threshold of 2 mm (1.39 mm; 95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.92 mm). For 3D images, meta-analysis could not be conducted due to significant heterogeneity amongst the study designs. However, qualitative synthesis indicated that the mean error of landmark detection on 3D images ranged from 1.0 to 5.8 mm. Both automated 2D and 3D landmarking proved to be time-efficient, taking less than 1 min. Most studies exhibited a high risk of bias in data selection (n  = 27) and reference standard (n  = 29). Conclusion The performance of AI-driven cephalometric landmark detection on both 2D cephalograms and 3D-CBCT images showed potential in terms of accuracy and time efficiency. However, the generalizability and robustness of these AI systems could benefit from further improvement. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42022328800. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effects of squat training with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds on squat strength, heavy-load squat velocity (HLSV), light-load squat velocity (LLSV), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and sprint time (ST). A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Meta-analysis was used to examine effects of trainings with different VL thresholds and used meta-regression to examine the interaction effects (correlation) between training effects and VL in different performance-based outcomes. Our systematic search yielded 1017 articles, 13 of which were included in the present study. Meta-analysis revealed that resistance training with both low (0%–20%) and high (30%–45%) VL thresholds improved squat strength, HLSV, LLSV, and CMJ height, but only low VL improved ST (p < 0.05). Training gains for HLSV, LLSV, CMJ (p = 0.088), and ST with low VL were superior to those with high VL (p < 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that CMJ (p = 0.076) and ST (p = 0.010) demonstrated improvements as VL decreased in the range of 0% to 45%. In conclusion, squat resistance training with low (≤20%) VL provides relatively more effective training stimuli, improving performance in power and speed tasks. Optimal VL ranges may be in the range 10% to 20%, ≤20%, and ≤10% for the HLSV and LLSV, CMJ, and ST, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Level of evidence To determine whether femoral tunnel length (FTL) affects clinical or functional outcomes following primary Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with single‐bundle quadriceps tendon autograft, both with and without a patellar bone block.An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was carried out via OVID. Data pertaining to study characteristics, patient demographics, surgical techniques, femoral tunnel length, and subjective/objective clinical outcomes was abstracted. Studies were stratified into two groups based on FTL; a short femoral tunnel (S‐FT) group of ≤25 mm, and a long femoral tunnel (L‐FT) group of >25 mm. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies, prohibiting meta‐analysis.Seven studies comprising 368 total patients with a mean age of 30.3 years (range: 23.4–34 years) were included for analysis. The S‐FT group included 126 patients and the L‐FT group 242 patients. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant postoperative improvements across both subjective and objective clinical and functional outcomes. Average complication rates were 11.9% (range: 0%–29%) in the S‐FT group and 4.5% (range: 1%–14%) in the L‐FT group. Ranges of re‐rupture rates were 0%–2% and 0%–3% for the S‐FT and L‐FT groups, respectively (n.s.).Both S‐FT and L‐FT groups demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes following primary ACLR with single bundle quadriceps tendon autograft. There were slightly superior, although non‐significant, outcomes reported with short femoral tunnel length, however, this may have been confounded by the variation in surgical technique used.IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study systematically reviewed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of laser versus conventional pulpotomy in primary teeth. It also compared the success and effectiveness of different lasers to enhance the understanding and use of laser pulpotomy as an alternative treatment. Methodology: An electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Cochrane from 1st January 1999 to 31st December 2023. The published articles in the English language were searched using MeSH terms and text words. Only randomized controlled trials with a sample size of more than 10 and follow-ups over 6 months were included. Meta-analysis and forest plots were evaluated by utilizing Review Manager 5.4 software. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool and discrepancies were resolved by the third reviewer. The success rates were combined using a random effects model to determine clinical and radiographic outcomes. We used risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the primary effect measures and set the significance level at 0.05. Results: Only 18 studies met the inclusion criteria after an electronic search. Among them, 13 studies evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of laser with formocresol pulpotomy, 2 studies compared with ferric sulfate pulpotomy, and the remaining studies with Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy. The various studies showed different levels of bias. There was no significant difference in the clinical success rate (p = 0.47; RR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.98–1.04; I2 = 0%; p = 0.70) and radiographic success rate (p = 0.94; RR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.91–1.09; I2 = 64%; p = 0.001) between laser pulpotomy and formocresol. Similarly, there was no significant difference between laser pulpotomy and ferric sulfate or MTA pulpotomy. Conclusion: Diode laser and LLLT can be considered as alternative pulpotomy agents to formocresol in primary teeth. However, high-quality trials are needed to confirm the accuracy and reliability of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSearch engine results pages (SERPs) commonly organize online search results in a list-based format. Various viewing formats have been suggested to improve search effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. However, except for the Knowledge Graph view, which is based on semantic search and appears as information boxes on the SERP, those views are rarely implemented in popular Web search engines. This study investigates the effect of three viewing formats (list, Google Knowledge Graph, and clustered list) on user performance and satisfaction when performing five common types of search tasks mapped in previous studies (navigate, find-simple, find-complex, locate/acquire, and explore/learn). A Chrome extension we developed is used to enable clustering on Google search results. While overall effectiveness was similar across viewing formats, efficiency and satisfaction varied significantly depending on the search task. The operative implication is that search engine viewing formats should adapt to the specific search task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mind-body interventions (MBI) have emerged as a potential therapeutic approach, but their effectiveness in the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) remains inconclusive. This study systematically evaluates the effectiveness of MBI on quality of life, anthropometry, androgen secretion, glucose, and lipid metabolism in PCOS. Methods: A computer search was conducted across three databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to MBI for PCOS from their inception until July 2024. DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model and Stata 17.0 software was employed for our meta-analysis. Results: Twelve RCTs were included. MBI significantly improved PCOSQ subscale scores, including emotional disturbances (MD: 7.75, 95% CI: 6.10 to 9.40), body hair (MD: 2.73, 95% CI: 0.54 to 4.91), menstrual problems (MD: 3.79, 95% CI: 2.89 to 4.69), and weight (MD: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.93). Furthermore, there was a reduction in depression levels (MD: -1.53, 95% CI: -2.93 to -0.13). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of PCOSQ-Emotional disturbances and PCOSQ-Menstrual problems, with a high GRADE level of evidence for these subscales. Secondary outcome measures, including waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and HOMA-IR exhibited statistically significant differences. Subgroup analysis revealed that obesity could influence treatment outcomes. Conclusion: MBI can serve as an alternative therapy, modulating effect on the quality of life and depression in PCOS patients. Future well-designed, high-quality, and large-scale studies should be conducted to thoroughly assess the impact of different Mind-Body Interventions (MBI) on various PCOS phenotypes. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023472035). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a growing digital landscape, enhancing the discoverability and resonance of scientific articles is essential. Here, we offer 10 recommendations to amplify the discoverability of studies in search engines and databases. Particularly, we argue that the strategic use and placement of key terms in the title, abstract and keyword sections can boost indexing and appeal. By surveying 230 journals in ecology and evolutionary biology, we found that current author guidelines may unintentionally limit article findability. Our survey of 5323 studies revealed that authors frequently exhaust abstract word limits—particularly those capped under 250 words. This suggests that current guidelines may be overly restrictive and not optimized to increase the dissemination and discoverability of digital publications. Additionally, 92% of studies used redundant keywords in the title or abstract, undermining optimal indexing in databases. We encourage adopting structured abstracts to maximize the incorporation of key terms in titles, abstracts and keywords. In addition, we encourage the relaxation of abstract and keyword limitations in journals with strict guidelines, and the inclusion of multilingual abstracts to broaden global accessibility. These recommendations to editors are designed to improve article engagement and facilitate evidence synthesis, thereby aligning scientific publishing with the modern needs of academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrogens are fever-inducing substances routinely investigated in health products through tests such as the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT), the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL), and the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT). However, the applications of the MAT for medical devices and biomaterials remain limited. This work aimed to overview the studies evaluating the pyrogenicity of medical devices and biomaterials using the MAT, highlighting its successes and potential challenges. An electronic search was performed by December 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying 321 records which resulted in ten selected studies. Data were extracted detailing the tested materials, MAT variants, interferences, and comparisons between methods. Methodological quality was assessed using the ToxRTool, and the results were synthesized descriptively. The selected studies investigated various materials, including polymers, metals, and natural compounds, employing the different biological matrices of the MAT. Results showed the MAT's versatility, with successful detection of pyrogens in most materials tested, though variability in sensitivity was noted based on the material and testing conditions. Challenges remain in optimizing protocols for different material properties, such as determining the best methods for direct contact versus eluate testing and addressing the incubation conditions. In conclusion, the MAT demonstrates significant potential as a pyrogen detection method for medical devices and biomaterials. However, continued research is essential to address existing gaps, optimize protocols, and validate the test across a broader range of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The planning of oral reconstruction after tumor resection is a pivotal point for head and neck surgeons. It is mandatory to consider two aspects: the size of the surgical defect and the complexity of the oral cavity as an anatomical region. We offer a review of the literature that focuses on four types of locoregional flaps that can be profitably used for such reconstruction: infrahyoid (IF), nasolabial (NF), platysma (PF), and submental (SF). Methods: The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This systematic review was carried out according to the PICOS acronym through a comprehensive electronic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. For each selected article, we extrapolated eight main parameters, of which all mean values were compared through an ANOVA test. The dimensions of the oral defects were referred to as "small" (<7 cm2), "medium" (7–50 cm2), or "large" (>50 cm2). Results: A total of 139 articles were selected with a total of 5898 patients. The mean ages for each type of flap were not statistically significant (p = 0.30, p > 0.05). Seven sublocations of oral defects were reported: The most common was the tongue (2003 [34.0%] patients), followed by the floor of the mouth (1786 [30.4%]), buccal mucosa (981 [16.6%]), cheek (422 [7.2%]), hard palate (302 [5.1%]), alveolar ridge (217 [3.7%]), and retromolar trigone (187 [3.2%]). The defects were mainly medium-sized (4507 [76.4%] patients), and fewer were small-sized (1056 [17.9%]) or large-sized (335 [5.7%]). Complications were noted, the most frequent of which was flap necrosis, seen in 0.57% of cases. The functional and esthetical results were mainly positive. Conclusions: Locoregional flaps represent a good alternative in medium-sized defects as well as a fairly good alternative in small- and large-sized defects when other options are ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a meta-analysis to investigate whether the color red affects people's perception of time and which factors modulate it. A series of criteria were applied (experimental indicators, experimental tasks) in order to decide which existing studies could be considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analytic procedure. The identification of research that met the eligibility criteria was carried out with the help of the electronic search function in the following databases: PsycINFO, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Wiley Science Solutions, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan-fang Database. Following this approach left 17 studies and 44 effect sizes (N = 1,716 participants) that were then subjected to the final analysis and included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that: (1) There was a positive, small effect size for the impact of red on time perception, relative to blue or green (d = 0.24). (2) The effect manifested as substantial in instances where the participant group was chiefly comprised of males, the experimental stimuli were presented as a background element, and the evaluated time intervals were of a longer duration, but time perception task, the use of pre-task relaxation, and material characteristic did not moderate the experimental effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of hikers' choosing a destination, searching for information is one of the important elements, playing a decisive role in decision-making. Based on the Baidu Index for "hiking," this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of and factors that influenced network attention to hiking in China from 2016 to 2021. The study found that (1) Network attention to hiking in China was generally relatively stable across the period studied, with highly uneven distribution between different months. The search volume was higher on weekends, and mobile searches increased year by year, far exceeding computer searches. (2) Different regions in China experienced different levels of network attention, with the highest levels in the east, followed by the center, and the lowest in the west. Except for East China, network attention to hiking was highly unevenly distributed within each region. (3) The COVID-19 pandemic increased the geographical concentration index and coefficient of variation but reduced the primacy index. A region's level of economic development, degree of network development, population size, and population age structure are proposed as factors that affect network attention to hiking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many areas of healthcare are impacted by a paucity of research that is translatable to clinical practice. Research utilising real-world data, such as routinely collected patient data, may be one option to efficiently create evidence to inform practice and service delivery. Such studies are also valuable for exploring (in)equity of services and outcomes, and benefit from using non-selected samples representing the diversity of the populations served in the 'real world'. This scoping review aims to identify and map the published research which utilises routinely collected clinical healthcare data. A secondary aim is to explore the extent to which this literature supports the pursuit of social justice in health, including health inequities and intersectional approaches. Method: This review utilises Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for scoping reviews and draws on the recommended enhancements of this framework to promote a team-based and mixed methods approach. This includes searching electronic databases and screening papers based on a pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data relevant to the research aims will be extracted from included papers, including the clinical/professional area of the topic, the source of data that was used, and whether it addresses elements of social justice. All screening and reviewing will be collaborative and iterative, drawing on strengths of the research team and responsive changes to challenges will be made. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively, and conceptual content analysis will be utilised to understand qualitative data. These will be collectively synthesised in alignment to the research aims. Conclusion: Our findings will highlight the extent to which such research is being conducted and published, including gaps and make recommendations for future endeavours for real-world data studies. The findings from this scoping review will be relevant for practitioners and researchers, as well as health service managers, commissioners, and research funders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan Nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Given the high incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly population and its impact on quality of life, choosing the most effective and safest surgical option is crucial. PFNA and InterTan are currently two commonly used techniques, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation comparing their safety and effectiveness. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap through Meta-analysis, providing clinicians with evidence-based treatment recommendations. Materials and methods: A computer search was used to search for published literature on PFNA and InterTan in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Cinahl, CBM, and CNKI.A total of 853 related literatures were retrieved, and 15 literatures were finally included. Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale and Cochrane systematic review methodologies were used to assess the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software, following data extraction. Results: The comparison found that during the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, the operation time, fluoroscopy time, and blood loss in the PFNA group were significantly shorter than those in the InterTan group, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of postoperative complication rates, the InterTan group had a significant advantage over the PFNA group. Shaft fracture, varus collapse, cut out, screw migration, and pain of hip and thigh were the most likely to occur in the PFNA group, and the differences were all statistically significant. In terms of postoperative efficacy, the results of the PFNA group and the InterTan group were comparable, and there was no significant differences. Conclusions: When selecting surgical techniques for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures, it is necessary to conduct individualized assessments based on the patient's overall health status, surgical tolerance, and post-operative recovery needs. For patients who cannot tolerate long-term surgery or are in poor physical condition, PFNA may be more appropriate. While for patients who can tolerate long-term surgery or have more complex conditions, InterTan may be more suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Services Act (DSA) creates a system of general risk management that is composed of two main obligations: risk assessment (Article 34), and risk mitigation (Article 35). The obligations are mandatory for very large online platforms and search engines (VLOPs/VLOSEs). The adoption of the risk-based approach to digital services make the law more future-proof. But inevitably it also makes the law very vague. This vagueness of the statutory language causes some to suggest that the European Commission will inevitably become the proverbial Ministry of Truth when tackling disinformation. This article argues that upon closer reading of the DSA, and its constitutional context, the worries that the Commission inevitably becomes a Ministry of Truth are misplaced. Suppressing incorrect or misleading lawful information is not the goal of the DSA. That is not to say that the DSA cannot be abused. But the law is not pre-programmed to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a new type of hybrid model for Bayesian optimization (BO) adept at managing mixed variables, encompassing both quantitative (continuous and integer) and qualitative (categorical) types. Our proposed new hybrid models (named hybridM) merge the Monte Carlo Tree Search structure (MCTS) for categorical variables with Gaussian Processes (GP) for continuous ones. hybridM leverages the upper confidence bound tree search (UCTS) for MCTS strategy, showcasing the tree architecture's integration into Bayesian optimization. Our innovations, including dynamic online kernel selection in the surrogate modeling phase and a unique UCTS search strategy, position our hybrid models as an advancement in mixed-variable surrogate models. Numerical experiments underscore the superiority of hybrid models, highlighting their potential in Bayesian optimization. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Disruptions in tight junction (TJ) protein expression leading to duodenal epithelial barrier impairment may contribute to increased intestinal permeability, potentially playing a role in functional dyspepsia (FD) pathophysiology. Currently published studies evaluated the role of several TJ proteins in FD patients with inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the duodenal mucosal expression of several TJ proteins in FD. Methods: We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus using predefined keywords. Diagnosis of FD by Rome III or Rome IV criteria was considered acceptable. Full articles satisfying our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The principal summary outcome was the mean difference of several TJ proteins in FD patients and control subjects. Results: A total of 8 and 5 studies were included in our qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively, with a total population of 666 participants, out of which 420 were FD patients. No significant differences were observed between FD patients and controls in the expression of claudin-1 (-0.102 [95% CI, -0.303, 0.099]), claudin-2 (0.161 [95% CI, -0.134, 0.456)], claudin-3 (0.278 [95% CI, -0.280, 0.837]), claudin-4 (0.045 [95% CI, -0.264, 0.354]), ZO-1 (-0.221 [95% CI, -0.683, 0.241]), ZO-2 (-0.070 [95% CI, -0.147, 0.007]), ZO-3 (-0.129 [95% CI, -0.376, 0.118]), ß-catenin (-0.135 [95% CI, -0.484, 0.214]), E-cadherin (-0.083 [95% CI, -0.229, 0.063]), and occludin (-0.158 [95% CI, -0.409, 0.093]). Conclusions: The expressions of all evaluated proteins including claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, ß-catenin, E-cadherin, and occludin did not significantly differ between FD patients and controls. However, due to the limited number of included studies, results should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartilage defects present a significant challenge in orthopedic medicine, often leading to pain and functional impairment. To address this, human amnion, a naturally derived biomaterial, has gained attention for its potential in enhancing cartilage regeneration. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of human amnion in enhancing cartilage regeneration for full-thickness cartilage defects. An electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and the Scopus database up to 27 December 2023 from 2007. A total of 401 articles were identified. After removing 125 duplicates and excluding 271 articles based on predetermined criteria, only 5 articles remained eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. All five eligible articles conducted in vivo studies utilizing rabbits as subjects. Furthermore, analysis of the literature reveals an increasing trend in the frequency of utilizing human amnion for the treatment of cartilage defects. Various forms of human amnion were utilized either alone or seeded with cells prior to implantation. Histological assessments and macroscopic observations indicated usage of human amnion improved cartilage repair outcomes. All studies highlighted the positive results despite using different forms of amnion tissues. This systematic review underscores the promising role of human amnion as a viable option for enhancing cartilage regeneration in full-thickness cartilage defects, thus offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze whether isoinertial flywheel training (FWT) is superior to traditional resistance training (TRT) in enhancing maximal strength and muscle power in healthy individuals. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases up to 21 April 2024. Outcomes were analyzed as continuous variables using either a random or fixed effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of sixteen articles, involving 341 subjects, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. The pooled results indicate no statistically significant differences between FWT and TRT in developing maximal strength in healthy individuals (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [−0.26, 0.74], p = 0.35). Additionally, the pooled outcomes showed a small-sized effect in muscle power with FWT (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI [0.10, 0.84]), which was significantly higher than that with TRT (p = 0.01) in healthy individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed that when the total number of FWT sessions is between 12 and 18 (1–3 times per week), it significantly improves muscle power (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI [0.12, 1.09]). Significant effects favoring FWT for muscle power were observed in both well-trained (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.04, 1.13]) and untrained individuals (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI [0.23, 2.57]). In terms of exercise, performing flywheel training with squat and lunge exercises significantly enhances muscle power (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.02–0.84, and p = 0.04). Interestingly, FWT was superior to weight stack resistance training (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.00]) in enhancing muscle power, while no significant differences were found compared to barbell free weights training (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI [−0.22, 0.94]). Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirms the superiority of FWT compared to TRT in promoting muscle power in both healthy untrained and well-trained individuals. Squats and lunges for FWT are more suitable for improving lower limb explosive power. It is recommended that coaches and trainers implement FWT for six weeks, 2–3 times per week, with at least a 48 h interval between each session. Although FWT is not superior to free weights training, it is advisable to include FWT in sport periodization to diversify the training stimuli for healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the seroclearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is an important event and a significant surrogate endpoint of all current therapeutic strategies. The prediction of HBeAg seroclearance can help assess the benefits of therapy in patients during or before therapy initiation. The quantitation of HBV core antibodies (qAnti-HBc) is a new non-invasive biomarker for solving multiple diagnostic dilemmas. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measured qAnti-HBc in patients who achieved HBeAg seroclearance were performed through PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS electronic database searches. Nineteen articles were included in the systematic review, comprising 3434 chronically infected patients (1014 with and 2420 without HBeAg seroclearance). Sixteen publications with data regarding qAnti-HBc levels were included in the meta-analysis. The baseline level of qAnti-HBc antibodies was significantly higher in patients with than without HBeAg seroclearance (SMD = 0.88, 95%CI SMD = 0.56–1.2, p < 0.001). The same conclusion was reached for patients originating from Asia (SMD = 0.94, 95%CI SMD = 0.55–1.33) and for the qAnti-HBc antibodies among adult HBV patients with therapy-induced HBeAg seroclearance (SMD = 0.90, 95%CI SMD = 0.54–1.25, p < 0.001). The systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of the role of qAnti-HBc as a promising biomarker for predicting HBeAg seroclearance in chronically infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature on the relationship between cultural continuity and health among Métis people as well as how this knowledge could be translated into cancer prevention initiatives. We included any Métis-specific literature evaluating connections between culture, health, and well-being. We conducted electronic searches of Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, I-Portal, and hand-searched journals, and reviewed the grey literature. Based on our inclusion criteria, articles were screened and assessed for eligibility, resulting in a sample of 22 publications. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods designs were considered. The 22 publications included in this review were diverse, ranging from population-based studies to reports and news articles. There were no limitations to publication year, and most of the data presented in this review were published more than five years ago. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the potential role of Métis cultural continuity in cancer prevention. The scoping review revealed the current lack of Métis-specific data regarding health and its intersectionality with culture. However, the existing literature indicates that cultural continuity for Métis appears to influence health and well-being positively. As such, there may be benefits to incorporating cultural continuity in cancer prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on topics related to educational leadership is evolving rapidly. A scoping review was conducted to investigate research on teacher leadership in Spain searching online databases (WoS, ÍnDICEs-CSIC, SCOPUS, Google Scholar) to identify papers published between 1990 and 2022, of which 39 were included. Through a thematic and contextual analysis, the review concludes that teacher leadership is an emerging topic in Spain; it has a much stronger empirical position and has expanded related to distributed leadership and leadership for social justice. Nevertheless, further research is needed to develop this area and make it more useful for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myofibromas are rare benign neoplasms composed of myoid cells and myofibroblasts. This study aimed to systematically review case reports and a series of myofibromas (MF) and myofibromatosis (MFT) occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions in order to describe their main clinicopathological features. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Electronic searches were conducted in 2023 in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. A manual search and a search in the grey literature were also conducted. The lesions were classified as MF or MFT according to their original report. Results: A total of 169 cases were included in this systematic review. Men were slightly more affected, with a painless nodule. When occurring in soft tissue, MF usually developed in the gingiva (mean age:29.23 ± 21.93 years) and when it was intra‐osseous, it occurred more frequently in the posterior mandible (mean age:14.33 ± 15.62 years). MFT occurred mainly in the mandible and was predominantly described as well‐circumscribed masses of spindle cells organized in fascicles with a prominent vascular activity in a hemangiopericytoma‐like pattern. The lesions were mainly positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin immunomarkers. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice in the majority of cases and recurrence was observed in only three cases. Conclusion: MF and MFT affect more men, with an indolent clinical course. Intra‐osseous tumors and MFT seem to occur more frequently in younger individuals. These lesions seem to have a good prognosis and low recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to synthesize evidence from published clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We followed the standard methods of the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for interventions and the PRISMA statement guidelines 2020 when conducting and reporting this study. A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from inception until 1 January 2022. We selected observational studies and clinical trials comparing TXA versus no TXA in aSAH patients. Data of all outcomes were pooled as the risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals in the meta-analysis models. Thirteen studies with a total of 2991 patients were included in the analysis. TXA could significantly cut the risk of rebleeding (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.72) and mortality from rebleeding (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.92, p = 0.02). However, TXA did not significantly improve the overall mortality, neurological outcome, delayed cerebral ischemia, or hydrocephalus (all p > 0.05). In terms of safety, no significant adverse events were reported. No statistical heterogeneity or publication bias was found in all outcomes. In patients with aSAH, TXA significantly reduces the incidence of rebleeding and mortality from rebleeding. However, current evidence does not support any benefits in overall mortality, neurological outcome, delayed cerebral ischemia, or hydrocephalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the accuracy of memory of pain and the variables that may influence it in children with acute, experimental, and chronic pain. We conducted a search in electronic databases from inception to February 11, 2022. Twelve observational studies and 3 randomized controlled studies were included in the study. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of the memory of the pain intensity (experienced/recalled). To compare the outcomes reported by the studies, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) over time for the continuous variables. The overall meta-analysis showed a small effect size in favor of an overestimation of experienced pain intensity (SMD = 0.28). Subanalyzing per pain context, there was a small effect size in favor of overestimation in the clinical context (SMD = 0.33), but there was no evidence of any change in the accuracy of memory of pain in the experimental context (SMD = 0.07). The mean age of the participants and the proportion of girls significantly predicted the accuracy of the memory of pain. The period since the experienced pain measurement, the intensity of expected and recalled fear, trait anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity did not significantly predict the accuracy of the memory of pain. Children showed an overestimation in pain memory between the experienced and recalled intensity of acute pain, especially in a clinical context. Furthermore, only gender and age were predictors of the accuracy of pain memory. These results highlight the relevance of pain memory to medical practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist information search behavior is one of the most important aspects of risk reduction in the travel decision-making process. Understanding tourists' behavior when searching for online information has been heavily weighted toward user-generated content (UGC), mainly employed deductive research approaches. This study examines the influence of both UGC and marketer-generated content (MGC) on tourists' choice of restaurant, using eye-tracking technology to measure customers' visual behavior combined with retrospective think-aloud interviews. Data was collected from 28 participants in a laboratory-based study. Video recordings of participants' eye movements during the task aided participant recall in follow-up interviews. This study offers insights into the integrated investigation of the influence of UGC and MGC on tourists' information search behavior. It validates and extends understanding of the roles of pictorial information, written information, and other factors, and newly clarifies the role of both positive and negative reviews in influencing restaurant selection from international tourists' perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research and policy traditionally focus on female victim-survivors of domestic abuse. Therefore, behaviour change approaches for male perpetrators of abuse look at the same, rather than focusing on the root cause of the problem -- men who use abusive behaviours. This systematic review aimed to identify studies that characterise entrapment behaviours and how male perpetrators describe those behaviours. Method: The review used a systematic meta-analysis design, conducting an electronic search via databases with a two-stage strategy employed to locate literature and pinpoint key themes and concepts to explore coercive control and male entrapment behaviours of domestic abuse. The protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO. Nine articles were identified within the review as being of interest, and this paper provides a narrative synthesis which details the results of the systematic review. Results: The narrative synthesis identified unities between some articles, which were labelled as commonalities. There are four commonalities: male behaviour, coercive control, charm and charisma and power. Critically the review only returned one article directly examining male behaviours of entrapment, with the findings still valid a decade later, but shows more research needs to be built upon this. Conclusion: This review showed that male behaviour within domestic abuse is chronically under-researched, and behaviours utilised by male perpetrators of abuse to entrap and coercively control a female partner need further investigation, but that charm and power is an area of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]