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The aim of this paper is to classify Romanian dialects from a prosodic point of view within the European Romance-speaking area. The data is part of the Multimedia Atlas of Romance Prosody - AMPER (Contini, 1992) and is analysed dialectometrically by means of ProDis (Elvira-García et al., 2015; Fernández Planas, 2016). The database includes more than 17,000 utterances produced by 48 speakers from 26 survey sites of 15 varieties of 6 Romance languages (Catalan, Spanish, Italian, Sardinian, Friulian and Romanian). The results show that the two main prosodic areas of Romanian (see Roseano, 2016b) remain separate when they are dialectometrized with data from other Romance languages. In addition, if one analyses questions and statements separately, it can be seen that questions allow us to distinguish geoprosodic areas more effectively than statements do (as suggested by previous studies such as Fernández Planas et al., 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In constructionist approaches, constructions are defined as pairings of phonological, morphological and syntactic form, and semantic, pragmatic or discursive meaning. However, in practice very few constructional analyses deal specifically with the intonational properties of constructions. Moreover, constructional approaches are not clear about the ontological status of intonation in a constructional model of language. Combining insights from Construction Grammar and Intonational Studies, specifically the Autosegmental Metrical framework of intonational phonology and the Tones and Breaks Indices (ToBI) transcription model, this paper discusses the role of prosody in a construction-based approach to language, through the analysis of the insubordinate conditional construction (ICC) in Spanish. Building on the analysis of the prosody of 90 tokens of the ICC uttered by 14 native speakers of Peninsular Spanish, we argue that the best way to account for the relationship between intonational patterns and (lexicogrammatical) constructions is to treat intonational patterns as constructions that pair a phonological form with a semantic-pragmatic meaning, which are then inherited by sentence-level constructions as long as their meanings are compatible. • AM intonational models are compatible with constructional approaches. • Prosodic constructions are pairings of a contour (form) and meaning. • Prosodic constructions can have allostructions and dialectal variation. • Sentence-level constructions inherit their prosody. • They inherit it from an abstract prosodic construction with congruent function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the acoustic characteristics of sound [s] in the cities of: Medellín and Apartadó and explores the hypothesis that the articulation of /s/ will serve to distinguish between the dialects spoken in these two areas. The study analizes 943 [s] produced by a total amount of 32 speakers. The following parameters were considered in the analysis: Center of gravity, spectral peak, standard deviation of the spectrum, skewness, kurtosis, zero crossings and harmonic-noise ratio. Results suggest that: in syllable onset [s] is more apical in Medellín and more dentalised in Apartadó. Also, Medellín’s onset [s] is more sibilant. In coda position, there is no difference between the two dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the acoustic characteristics of sound [s] in the cities of: Medellín and Apartadó and explores the hypothesis that the articulation of /s/ will serve to distinguish between the dialects spoken in these two areas. The study analizes 943 [s] produced by a total amount of 32 speakers. The following parameters were considered in the analysis: Center of gravity, spectral peak, standard deviation of the spectrum, skewness, kurtosis, zero crossings and harmonic-noise ratio. Results suggest that: in syllable onset [s] is more apical in Medellín and more dentalised in Apartadó. Also, Medellín's onset [s] is more sibilant. In coda position, there is no difference between the two dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new tool that performs dialectometric analysis using prosodic acoustic data. This method differs from previous approaches of prosodic dialectometry in the following aspects: 1) the approach does not need a previous intonational transcription, 2) it considers all prosodic parameters (intonation, duration and intensity), 3) it offers a complete set of transparent statistical tests, 4) it is user-friendly, and fully automatic and the computation does not require a concatenation of scripts and applications. The paper also presents the results obtained using the prosody of several Romance varieties. The correlation among the computed acoustic distances with the distances perceived by human listeners (r = 0.6139, p  < .0001) shows the reliability of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insubordination studies often refer to some prosodic features of insubordinated constructions but, to date, no systematic research has been carried out on the effects of insubordination on prosody. This paper analyzes the prosody of both independent and semi-dependent clauses, with subordination marks, using a corpus of 1,230 utterances. The data show that while subordinate and elliptical clauses that can recover the elided clause show prosodic markings of continuation (rising boundary tones), insubordinated clauses do not. In a word, the level of dependence of a grammatical construction with subordination marks is reflected in its prosody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents Eti_ToBI, a tool that automatically labels intonational events in Spanish and Catalan utterances according to the Sp_ToBI and Cat_ToBI current conventions. The system consists in a Praat script that assigns ToBI labels to pitch movements basing the assignments on lexical data introduced by the researcher and the acoustical data that it extracts from sound files. The first part of the article explains the methodological approach that has made possible the automatisation and describes the algorithms used by the script to perform the analysis. The second part presents the reliability results for both Catalan and Spanish corpora showing a level of agreement equal to the one shown by human transcribers among them in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• F0 and duration cues are significant for intonation perception in both languages groups. • Intensity cues only play a limited role in Spanish listeners' intonation perception. • Tonal and non-tonal languages show similar sensitivities to f0 linear changes in intonation. • Spanish listeners used higher f0 contours to perceive questions than Mandarin listeners. • Perceptual weighting varied based on acoustic and word-level suprasegmental contexts. This study investigates cue-weighting differences in intonation perception between tonal and non-tonal languages, specifically focusing on how native Spanish listeners and Mandarin learners of Spanish identify intonation categories using changes in multiple acoustic dimensions. Employing a relatively continuous response scale, we analyzed listener performance in two perceptual tests, in which stimuli were generated by manipulating the suprasegmental cues in sentence-final positions. The results of data analyses indicate that while f0 and duration cues are significant for intonation categorization in both Spanish and Mandarin listeners, intensity appears to be a redundant cue that exerts limited effect only on native Spanish listeners. Contrary to the general claim of a tonal language benefit in pitch perception, our two language groups showed similar sensitivities to f0 linear transitions perceived as sentence intonation. Moreover, Spanish natives used higher f0 contours for question recognition compared to Mandarin learners and relied more heavily on secondary cues in their auditory judgments. The study also demonstrates that perceptual weighting varies across acoustic conditions and stress patterns, suggesting that the dynamic mapping between acoustics and intonation is shaped by language background as well as specific acoustic and word-level suprasegmental contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with basic intonational features of Sicilian, a Romance variety spoken in Sicily in Southern Italy. While there has been some research on the intonational features of the regional variety of Italian, Sicilian intonation remains undescribed. The first part of the article provides a historic overview of the dialectal configuration of Sicilian and the Sicilian-Italian diglossia. In the subsequent section we perform an intonational analysis on a Sicilian corpus containing acoustic data of 432 utterances (216 broad focus statements and 216 information-seeking yes-no questions). Once the basic intonational features of Sicilian are described and analyzed we use the informatic tool ProDis (Elvira-García et al. 2018) for a quantitative cluster analysis in order to define geoprosodic groups within Siciliy. Finally, we carry out another cluster analysis with the aim of modelling prosodic distances between Romance varieties spoken in different areas in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains the results of a set of perception tests that aimed at measuring perceived prosodic distances between different Romance languages (Italian, Friulian, Sardinian, Catalan, and Spanish). Data were collected within the framework of the AMPER project. The results were obtained by means of discrimination and identification tasks where the judges were 31 native speakers of Catalan form Barcelona and the stimuli were broad focus statements and yes-no questions in the above-mentioned languages. The perceived distances are then compared with the results of a dialectometric analysis of acoustic data. This comparison shows that the perceived distances are related to acoustic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first dialectometric analysis of intonational variation of standard spoken Romanian. The data analysed (26,680 sentences) were gathered within the AMPER-ROM project and the dialectometrical analysis has been carried out with ProDis. The results are consistent with the geolinguistic descriptions of Romanian varieties. ProDis identified two major areas for yes-no questions: a central-eastern one (Moldo-Walachian), with rising contours, and a central-western one (Transylvanian, discontinuously continuing over Bukovina to Bessarabia--the Republic of Moldova--), which presents also falling contours. The study suggests that intonational areas are somehow more conservative of and (relatively) independent from segmental dialectal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on some intonational features of three Romance languages spoken in northern Sardinia (Algherese Catalan, Logudorese Sardinian, and the Sardinian regional variety of Italian). The first part of the article shows, by means of both qualitative and quantitative analyses, that the above-mentioned languages share some intonational features that are not present in the dialects of Catalan and Italian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian Peninsula, respectively. In the following sections the article puts forward a diachronic explanation for this intonational convergence, basing on the role of Sardinian as a substrate language for both Algherese Catalan and the regional Italian of Sardinia. The final part of the article proposes a generalization of the findings of the case-study and puts forward a diachronic model of prosodic transfer that includes the mechanisms of direct transfer, fusion, and accommodation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on an experimental corpus of 1,020 sentences, provides a description of the intonation of wh-questions in Central Catalan, which had not been studied in depth so far. The data show that wh-questions display a greater variety of intonation patterns than yes/no questions. The paper argues that each intonation pattern is preferably associated with a specific pragmatic meaning (asking for information, offering information, giving an order and so far). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pattern of language deficits and recovery in bilingual aphasia is variable. An uncommon and intriguing pattern of evolution is referred to as paradoxical recovery (PR) or switching, which refers to the resurgence of a language which a person with aphasia had barely used or not used at all before the brain injury in conjunction with a limited ability to speak in L1. There is no agreement about which causative factors are the most influential for PR and a detailed analysis on the status of accent in L2 has not been explored so far. In this study, we analysed verbal production in a successive bilingual illiterate right-handed woman (MASS) who, after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the left temporo-frontal region, developed non-fluent aphasia in L1 (Spanish) together with a PR of a low proficient and not used L2 (Catalan). A qualitative linguistic analysis of bilingual aphasia and a vowel acoustic analysis of verbal production were conducted in MASS. A perceptual test to examine her accent by native speakers was also performed. PR in MASS was manifested by the release of a fluent anomic speech in L2 together with a marked reduction of speech production in L1. The circumstances in which L2 was learned included late acquisition, mostly by passive exposure, and low proficiency. Moreover, MASS displayed a negative attitude towards using L2 which may explain why phonetic analysis revealed a vowel system with values that were close to L1 (Spanish). In the perceptual test, bilingual judges identified the items presented as corresponding to a native Spanish-speaking woman. The circumstances of L2 acquisition in MASS may have contributed to its PR and the non-use of this language in everyday life could explain the persistence of native Spanish accent when she spoke using L2. The coexistence of a left hemisphere lesion, late acquisition, passive exposure, and low proficiency of L2 may have favoured the release of right hemisphere activity in linguistic control, thus accounting for PR and persistence of L1 accent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]