Search

Third parties who refer clients to expert service providers help clients navigate market uncertainty by curating well-tailored matches between clients and experts and by facilitating post-match trust. We argue that these two functions often entail trade-offs because they require referrers to activate network relationships with different experts. While strong ties between referrers and experts promote trust between clients and experts, the presence of such ties reduces the likelihood that intermediaries refer clients to socially distal experts who may be better suited to serve clients' needs. We examine this central and unexplored tension by using full population medical claims data for the state of Massachusetts. We find that when primary care physicians (PCPs) refer patients to specialists with whom the PCPs have strong ties, patients demonstrate more confidence in the specialists' recommendations. However, a strong tie between the PCP and specialist also reduces the expertise match between a patient's health condition and a specialist's clinical experience. These findings suggest that the two central means by which referrers add value may be at odds with one another because they are maximized by the activation of different network ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Market liberalization in the energy sectors has created several regulatory gaps that 'heterodox forms' of economic experiences – such as Community Renewable Energy Organizations (hereinafter, CREOs) – can fill. CREOs are cooperatives or corporations, financing the installation of energy devices. But how do CREOs establish themselves? What are the different 'social features' that CREOs assume over time? To deal with these questions, the paper investigates several CREOs through comparative case studies located in the region of New Aquitaine (France). With this aim, we argue that it is useful to cross-fertilize two streams of the literature of economic sociology: the first is the theory of conventions; the latter is that of embeddedness. We will show that CREOs assume distinctive 'social features' based on different aggregations of conventions driving social actions, the interaction patterns between the participants and the interactions with local institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this viewpoint article, the authors recognize the increased focus in health systems on co-design for innovation and change. This article explores the role of leaders and mangers in developing and enhancing a culture of trust in their organizations to enable co-design, with the potential to drive innovation and change in healthcare. Design/methodology/approach: Using social science analyses, the authors argue that current co-design literature has limited focus on interactions between senior leaders and managers, and healthcare staff and service users in supporting co-designed innovation and change. The authors draw on social and health science studies of trust to highlight how the value-based co-design process needs to be supported and enhanced. We outline what co-design innovation and change involve in a health system, conceptualize trust and reflect on its importance within the health system, and finally note the role of senior leaders and managers in supporting trust and responsiveness for co-designed innovation and change. Findings: Healthcare needs leaders and managers to embrace co-design that drives innovation now and in the future through people – leading to better healthcare for society at large. As authors we argue that it is now the time to shift our focus on the role of senior managers and leaders to embed co-design into health and social care structures, through creating and nurturing a culture of trust. Originality/value: Building public trust in the health system and interpersonal trust within the health system is an ongoing process that relies upon personal behavior of managers and senior leaders, organizational practices within the system, as well as political processes that underpin these practices. By implementing managerial, leadership and individual practices on all levels, senior managers and leaders provide a mechanism to increase both trust and responsiveness for co-design that supports innovation and change in the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Society is critically dependent on an adequate supply of hospital doctors to ensure optimal health care. Voluntary turnover amongst hospital doctors is, however, an increasing problem for hospitals. The aim of this study was to systematically review the extant academic literature to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge base on hospital doctor turnover and retention. In addition to this, we synthesise the most common methodological approaches used before then offering an agenda to guide future research. Design/methodology/approach: Adopting the PRISMA methodology, we conducted a systematic literature search of four databases, namely CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Findings: We identified 51 papers that empirically examined hospital doctor turnover and retention. Most of these papers were quantitative, cross-sectional studies focussed on meso-level predictors of doctor turnover. Research limitations/implications: Selection criteria concentrated on doctors who worked in hospitals, which limited knowledge of one area of the healthcare environment. The review could disregard relevant articles, such as those that discuss the turnover and retention of doctors in other specialities, including general practitioners. Additionally, being limited to peer-reviewed published journals eliminates grey literature such as dissertations, reports and case studies, which may bring impactful results. Practical implications: Globally, hospital doctor turnover is a prevalent issue that is influenced by a variety of factors. However, a lack of focus on doctors who remain in their job hinders a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Conducting "stay interviews" with doctors could provide valuable insight into what motivates them to remain and what could be done to enhance their work conditions. In addition, hospital management and recruiters should consider aspects of job embeddedness that occur outside of the workplace, such as facilitating connections outside of work. By resolving these concerns, hospitals can retain physicians more effectively and enhance their overall retention efforts. Social implications: Focussing on the reasons why employees remain with an organisation can have significant social repercussions. When organisations invest in gaining an understanding of what motivates their employees to stay in the job, they are better able to establish a positive work environment that likely to promote employee well-being and job satisfaction. This can result in enhanced job performance, increased productivity and higher employee retention rates, all of which are advantageous to the organisation and its employees. Originality/value: The review concludes that there has been little consideration of the retention, as opposed to the turnover, of hospital doctors. We argue that more expansive methodological approaches would be useful, with more qualitative approaches likely to be particularly useful. We also call on future researchers to consider focussing further on why doctors remain in posts when so many are leaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on recent scholarship on mass incarceration and prisoner re-entry, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between returning parolees and neighbourhood crime rates in five large cities in Texas. Besides the more common approach of counting the number of people on parole in communities (parolee concentration), we propose a novel approach for measuring people on parole by capturing their exposure in the community as parolee embeddedness (i.e., the cumulative number of days that people on parole resided in the neighbourhood). Results show that parolee concentration has a significant positive effect on both violent and property crime, but parolee embeddedness is significantly associated with reductions in violent and property crime. Our findings detect different effects depending on the measurement of people on parole and their community context, illustrating the need to better understand the dynamics of parolee re-entry in the era of mass incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unicorns are a special breed of an entrepreneurial phenomenon that is gaining increased attention from theoretical and practical perspectives. This emerging niche, however, lacks structurization and sufficient investigation of the development of a unicorn firm. The article aims to investigate the factors influencing the emergence and growth of unicorns, using embeddedness as a theoretical framework. It follows a systematic review of empirical articles investigating the unicorn phenomenon based on a search in Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 17 articles were qualified and reviewed in depth for descriptive information and the factors impacting unicorns. The findings confirm that the unicorn phenomenon is a new entrant in entrepreneurship research, with the first study published in 2017. Most of the empirical work relied on secondary data to analyze this phenomenon, with a split of geographical focus between the leading countries (US and China) and the developing ones. The identified influencing factors were analyzed and organized into three levels: context, firm, and individual. They highlight the necessary elements in an entrepreneurship ecosystem, a company's business and operating models, and the characteristics of founders and unicorns' leaders for supporting the development of a potential unicorn. This study extends the concept of embeddedness to this special breed of companies and provides insights for ambitious entrepreneurs who want to grow their companies to a unicorn status and to policymakers on providing an enabling environment to attract startups and promote entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has documented the emergence of embedded entrepreneurs within consumer collectives. This phenomenon is increasingly prevalent as social media enables ordinary consumers to become social media influencers (SMIs), a distinct form of embedded entrepreneur. Whilst research has considered the implications of embeddedness for embedded entrepreneurs themselves, we lack insight into embedded entrepreneurship's impact on consumer collectives. To address this gap, we draw from a longitudinal, qualitative study of the YouTube beauty community, where SMIs are pervasive. Informed by interactionist role theory, we document the Polanyian "double movement" prompted by the emergence of SMIs within the community. We demonstrate that the economy within the community was initially highly embedded, constrained by behavioral norms linked to established social roles. SMIs' attempts to disembed the economy created dysfunctional role dynamics that reduced the benefits of participation for non-entrepreneurial community members. This prompted a countermovement whereby SMIs and their followers attempted to re-embed SMIs' economic activity via role negotiation strategies. Our analysis sheds new light on the negative implications of embedded entrepreneurship for non-entrepreneurial members of consumer collectives, highlights the role of social media platforms in negotiations of embeddedness, and advances wider conversations surrounding the evolution of consumer collectives and the impact of SMIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asia has become the world's largest beer-consuming region, and Southeast Asia sees the strongest growth in demand. While the Asian beer industry attracts investments from global and regional capital and is undergoing significant restructuring, there has been little academic attention to these transformations. In this article, the focus is on Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand to analyse how global and regional lead firms adapt to changing competition and increasing demand in Southeast Asia. A combination of theorisations of variegated capitalism with embeddedness and symbolic value is used to explain firm strategies on accessing markets, managing risk and building stronger brands. This analysis demonstrates how regional and global production networks co-exist and interact, and how regional lead firms struggle to challenge global lead firms in accessing the Southeast Asian beer market. The findings show how regional and global capital to a limited extent dissociate from established networks when representing a reputational risk and illustrate how firms co-create the demand for beer. The analysis gives a strong account of the role of embeddedness for expanding market access, and how lead firms seek to strengthen their position through buying up local competition to profit from their established reputation, and territorial and societal embeddedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social relations between demographically dissimilar people are less likely to last. But up till now, why relations with dissimilar friends, confidants, or even sport partners are less stable has remained unclear. We argue that the faster dissolution of ties to dissimilar others may stem from their weaker embeddedness in our social networks. We may feel less emotionally close to those who differ from us in key social dimensions such as gender, age, and education, and these alters may fulfill fewer roles (e.g., friend and study partner, or ‘multiplexity’). Moreover, their dissimilarity may hinder their ability to form relations with others in our social network. In this contribution, we investigate the impact of ego‐alter dissimilarity on the stability of friendships, confidants, and study and sport relations, while acknowledging multiplexity—recognizing that the same alter may serve different roles. We find that ego‐alter age dissimilarity is associated with tie dissolution; relations are less stable and consistently so across emotional and instrumental network layers. Gender and education dissimilarity do not impact relationship stability among our sample of Dutch students. The better alters are embedded in ego's network, the more stable are their ties. Relational embeddedness (i.e., emotional closeness and role overlap) predominantly affects the stability of confidants and friendship relations; structural embeddedness (i.e., alters having ties to ego's other alters) predominantly affects the stability of study relations. This also explains why relations with differently aged alters are less stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a two-year autoethnographic research in the car tire trade, this study of market exchanges examines how merchants’ relationships with customers enable and sustain exchange by shaping market arrangements. Referring to these relationships as an attachment process at work in the market, this study demonstrates the relational influence wielded by merchants through the ideational, practical, and emotional ties they cultivated with customers. These framed, patterned, and emotionally meaningful relationships show that market embeddedness is endogenously produced and exerts an impact upon customers, competition, demand, and supply. Complementing the conventional economic transactional view of market, our findings contribute to a relational perspective and understanding of market dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Social simultaneity describes individuals active in multiple social contexts. Migrant networks serve as a case study where social network analysis (SNA) has recently been applied to evaluate their assimilation and transnationality. Yet, networks are sometimes insubstantial, as all nominated nodes and bridges are part of the network graph except they are not part of the social grouping. This research attempts to look beyond the social networks metaphor as it reviews critical group size theory and complements SNA with network survey and ethnographic interpretation. The article questions the structural approach and argues that interaction among alters may not be accurately recorded by this method. A respondent‐driven sampling method was used to select and survey 55 egocentric networks out of some 248 Romanian migrant networks in Spain. Results endorse precautions of critical group size theory that do not fit prescriptions of SNA. Resilient social networks and strong reciprocity and exchanges support the moderate transnational space types within the surveyed case. The article concludes that smooth social embeddedness and neoteric cultural diversity eventually reveal characteristics of third‐generation migration in Europe. Despite this, the number of Romanians in Spain decreased at the end of COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of an agent continuously faced with the decision of placing or not placing trust in an institution. The agent makes use of Bayesian learning in order to estimate the institution's true trustworthiness and makes the decision to place trust based on myopic rationality. Using elements from random walk theory, we explicitly derive the probability that such an agent ceases placing trust at some point in the relationship, as well as the expected time spent placing trust conditioned on their discontinuation thereof. We then continue by modeling two truster agents, each in their own relationship to the institution. We consider two natural models of communication between them. In the first ("observable rewards") agents disclose their experiences with the institution with one another, while in the second ("observable actions") agents merely witness the actions of their neighbor, i.e. placing or not placing trust. Under the same assumptions as in the single agent case, we describe the evolution of the beliefs of agents under these two different communication models. Both the probability of ceasing to place trust and the expected time in the system elude explicit expressions, despite there being only two agents. We therefore conduct a simulation study in order to compare the effect of the different kinds of communication on the trust dynamics. We find that a pair of agents in both communication models has a greater chance of learning the true trustworthiness of an institution than a single agent. Communication between agents promotes the formation of long-term trust with a trustworthy institution as well as the timely exit from a trust relationship with an untrustworthy institution. Contrary to what one might expect, we find that having less information (observing each other's actions instead of experiences) can sometimes be beneficial to the agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the studies conducted on economic action have been reorganized through a metasynthesis to identify the alignment and misalignment of results, along with the factors affecting economic action. This study is aimed at creating a unified and new interpretation of research findings on economic action in Iran, using the "meta-synthesis" method. In order to provide a theoretical understanding of the concept of economic action, the focus is on Max Weber's concept of economic action and the theoretical approaches of "embeddedness". In this study, after identifying the relevant papers from the recent decade, 20 out of 98 identified papers were selected for the final analysis. After reviewing the papers, the research findings were constructed into 128 initial codes and 8 main categories under the core concept of "economy intertwined with society." this concept, while fundamentally questioning and critiquing the premise of an self-standing economy and the economic man, suggests that economic action is neither independent nor separate from other social, political, and cultural spheres of society, but rather occurs in close interaction with individuals' cultural, social, and belief systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope and reach of fiscal policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic contrasted with the fiscal policy implemented in the immediate aftermath of the 2007 global financial crisis. However, the advent of high inflation that followed effectively nipped the prospects of a more radical shift in the fiscal policy paradigm in the bud, with monetary policy taking the lead. This article analyses the causes of the subsequent lack of a step change in the approach to fiscal policymaking through a comparative study of fiscal policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and the USA. Based on qualitative interdisciplinary analysis, the article shows how the ideological foundations of fiscal policy are formed and their consequences for policy implementation in times of crises and recovery. The article discusses what changes in the approach to fiscal policy are needed to secure a more equitable, long-term economic prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anita Desai and her writings have surfaced undoubtedly as a significant expression of contemporary domestic atmosphere – voicing suppressions, subjugations, embedded violence, and/ or culturally dominant structural family patterns. It is without a doubt then, her writings too have been subjected to censorship binaries, but somehow passing through them is voicing the emanant. What then she embedded in her writings, how she had codified the narratives, which even though stands in antagonism to the prevalent cultural patterns – still is finding an outlet without obscurity? The answer lies in the narrative choice of her stories. The plots, instead of featuring an alien story features a familiar story (a characteristic feature of mimetic desire). Amalgamated with this is her unique capability of using semiotics of self-consciousness. Combined, both these devices make her readings a direct apprehension of a phenomenon in a not-so-direct manner. This paper thus proposes to analyze selected works of Anita Desai’s to understand her use of self-consciousness and mimetic desires of her characters as a potential device to penetrate the censorship stigmata.

The article explores the relationship between enterprise and territory, delving into and applying the concepts of embeddedness and affective economy to ethnographic analysis. In doing so, it examines and deepens the case study of the Italian alpine village of San Lazzaro and its Formatge , a local product for which the community is known and characterized as a tourist destination. The analysis of food stories collected among the various actors of the community focusing on this product highlights not only the deep integration between company knowledge and ideals and community horizons but also demonstrates how companies and products cannot be understood outside the community context in which they are produced and contribute to building.

Maurice Godelier’s interpretation of Karl Polanyi’s work allows us to approach the confrontation between the Marxist tradition and the substantivist school on the field study of anthropology. It highlights a certain number of structural problems for the anthropological analysis of economic phenomena. Thus, the criticism of the substantivist approach, qualified as “critical empiricism”, leads to the question of the relationship between empiricism and theory since the object studied—the economy—is characterized above all by the variability of its forms and functions across time and space. In particular, the attention paid to the difference between the autonomization of economic life in a market regime and its integration with religious, family or political institutions in non-capitalist societies threatens to obscure the relative constancy of forms of domination or oppression. Beyond such a critique, however, the research of the French anthropologist leads him to integrate the Polanyian opposition between embeddedness and disembeddedness into the conceptual framework of anthropological analysis. In the case of Maurice Godelier, this forces a redefinition of a certain number of notions that shape the discipline. More precisely, it involves not only the confrontation with the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss but also and above all the reworking of the key notions of the Marxist tradition, in particular in the form that it takes, in the 1960s, in the works of Althusser and his disciples.

This article explores some relational mechanisms that may facilitate strong inter-organizational alliances, and the associated trust, in collective action fields. It departs from mainstream research on trust by focusing on organizations rather than individuals. The article focuses in particular on three mechanisms: embeddedness (i.e. the role of individual members' multiple involvements as facilitators of sustained inter-organizational exchanges), familiarity (the role of previous interactions in facilitating cooperation and thus generating trust), and brokerage (the role of trusted leaders in bringing different organizations together). These mechanisms may affect trust creation in two different ways: by facilitating dyadic alliances between pairs of actors and by facilitating actors' incumbency of the same network position, regardless of being directly connected. Illustrations come from data on environmental groups in Milan in the mid 1980s, civic organizations active on various public issues in Glasgow and Bristol in the early 2000s, and organizations active on the urban environment in Cape Town in the early 2010s. While the exercise is exploratory in nature, the relational mechanisms identified may represent some of the building blocks for a systematic explanation of alliance building and trust emergence. Moreover, data from urban polities with different levels of democratic consolidation and cleavage pacification illustrate the importance of adding a comparative element to our explorations of the relationship between trust and collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend towards de-privatisation has reshaped the role of local governments and their delivery of public services across the world. Local de-privatisation encompasses the twin processes of remunicipalisation, whereby towns, cities, and rural districts take previously privatised services and infrastructure back into public ownership, and municipalisation, a process of setting up new public provision. While global in scope, de-privatisation is particularly pronounced in Germany, prompting debates about the progressive potential of public ownership as an alternative (urban) politics beyond neoliberalism. This paper explores de-privatisation in rural Germany, and critically investigates how the shifting terrain of the local state in the Ilm-Kreis has led to the de-privatisation of two key sectors: waste and bus transportation (and vice versa). The paper illustrates how the two cases unfolded, highlighting the variegated actors and agencies, the complex contexts, and the dynamic and contested politics of de-privatisation in the Ilm-Kreis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Business Studies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To better understand stream‐fish sensitivity to fine sediment, we documented assemblage‐wide responses by selected traits along a sedimentation gradient. We then discuss the management implications of these 'dose–response' relations in the contexts of biotic assessments and conservation of sediment‐sensitive species. We identified a spatial gradient in sediment deposition among streams within the upper Piedmont of the Roanoke River basin in North Carolina and Virginia. We assessed fine‐sediment sensitivity of 81 species based on eight species traits stratified by four attributes: food preference, feeding location, spawning substrate and spawning behaviour. We then ranked each trait and scored each species with respect to its sediment sensitivity. Using data from electrofishing surveys during 2018–2019, we calculated proportional abundances of traits observed at 30 sites throughout the study area and grouped species by their aggregate sensitivity scores. We assessed relations between embeddedness and silt cover and occurrences of species and traits using a combination of regression and ordination approaches. All traits tested responded to embeddedness or silt cover, or both. Feeding traits exhibited the strongest responses to embeddedness, while reproductive traits exhibited the strongest responses to silt cover. Our findings indicate that negative responses of the probability of presence for high‐sensitivity traits to embeddedness and silt cover were linear, with no apparent thresholds. Additionally, proportional abundances of species with multiple high‐sensitivity traits were inversely related to embeddedness and silt cover. Overall, our findings regarding population‐level responses to sedimentation were consistent with our findings for trait‐specific responses. Our analysis of species sensitivity to fine sediment corroborated the patterns we saw in our trait‐specific analyses, indicating that population responses to sedimentation can be predicted from combinations of species traits. The 'dose–response' relations we documented may be applicable to managing sediment impacts on fishes, especially in the contexts of biotic assessments and conservation of sediment‐sensitive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new methodology of project evaluation based on the use of a social accounting matrix (SAM). The proposed method considers both the project as an autonomous shock and an endogenous activity, thus capturing both the demand and the supply side effects that can be associated with investment. In assessing project impact, these two effects have to be considered complementary, even though they may be combined in different proportions and with different strength in different practical cases. The autonomous dimension is however a distinctive feature of a project as an economic concept. Its consideration has important implications for assessing a project's structural impact as an activity ranging from complete isolation to total embeddedness in the economic system. The paper also shows that both in its construction and operational phases the project displays structural effects on the economic system and that these effects may be sizable and partly offsetting the project's direct impact on demand and supply variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategy and implementation, along with governance structure, influence sustainable development goals (SDGs). In recognizing the SDG gap between intent and implementation, our study places a special focus on the mediating role of ESG implementation, the moderating role of governance structure, and the pivotal concept of embeddedness of strategy in shaping SDG impact. To test the hypotheses, we analyze firm‐level data from 552 Taiwanese listed companies. The results suggest that ESG implementation mediates the relationship between a firm's ESG strategy and SDG impact. The governance structure plays a moderating role on the relationship between ESG implementation and SDG impact. Furthermore, the embeddedness of strategy shows a positive effect on SDG impact. The empirical findings contribute substantially to the theoretical landscape of ESG studies. The findings offer practical implications for business leaders striving to elevate their firms' SDG impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although widely employed, mixed embeddedness analysis in ethnic entrepreneurship has some limitations in its political, dual and spatial understanding and assessment of opportunity structures. To address this, we propose an alternative framework that combines Hess' categorisation of embeddedness with Katz's resilience framework. Using this combination, this study examines the responses of Turkish grocery retailers to structural changes in the German retail market. Despite extensive research on these changes, the responses of ethnic retailers have been neglected in the general literature on structural change in the retail sector. Drawing on data from 23 interviews with retailers, experts, intermediaries and producers, this study aims to fill this gap. The findings underline the impact of embeddedness on Turkish retailers' responses to market changes. The proposed analytical framework provides a comprehensive analysis of the competitive strategies of ethnic businesses and overcomes the limitations of the mixed embeddedness concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's specific developmental context defines the need to understand its state logic of knowledge transfer, particularly from the agency perspective of universities. This paper proposes the new term 'university engagement with industry' (UEI) to highlight the active role of universities in university–industry linkages. A structural method is adopted to collect relevant literature and to provide a systematic and critical review of China's UEI. This paper makes four key contributions: (1) it illustrates a structural approach to collect literature via precise and transparent identification for a targeted topic from an interdisciplinary research field; (2) it systematically presents the China-specific external institutional environment and internal governance of universities for knowledge transfer and captures influential factors for university's embeddedness in multiscalar innovation systems; (3) it identifies China-specific UEI in comparison to Western findings; and (4) it suggests a research agenda on China's UEI for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship research increasingly acknowledges marriage as an important resource for long-term commitment to entrepreneurial ventures. At the same time, family scholars emphasize the deinstitutionalization of marriage in many countries, meaning that marriage as formalized and long-term companionship has lost importance. We contend that outdated ideological positions in entrepreneurship studies on marriage potentially obscure the more complex reality of the marriage norms of entrepreneurs. Using representative panel data from Germany, our study demonstrates that there is substantial heterogeneity among marriage norms internalized by entrepreneurs in various contexts. While entrepreneurs, on average, are less likely to internalize companion marriage norms than the general population, family entrepreneurs are significantly more likely to internalize companion marriage norms. We provide new insight into the link between marriage norms and entrepreneurship and open promising new areas of inquiry with regard to social norms and entrepreneurial activity. Plain English Summary: Entrepreneurs and family entrepreneurs embrace different marriage norms. Entrepreneurs are less inclined to embrace traditional companion marriage norms compared to the general population, while family entrepreneurs tend to be more traditional. Previous research on entrepreneurship suggests that marriage can be beneficial for business development, providing a long-term perspective. However, marriage norms have changed significantly in Western countries and now challenge traditional views. This study examines marriage norms among entrepreneurs using representative panel data from Germany. The results highlight the need to update assumptions about marriage in entrepreneurship research. Scholars should view marriage not as a binary status but as dynamic sets of norms that vary among entrepreneurs and family entrepreneurs. Future entrepreneurial theory should consider social norms at the crossroads of institutional changes, entrepreneurial contexts, and internalized norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global mobility surges, Mexico City has emerged as a favored destination for remote-working professionals due to its unique fusion of cultural allure and economic convenience. This paper explores the interplay between macroeconomic trends and quests for self-actualization among lifestyle migrants, informed by interviews and other fieldwork conducted in Mexico City in early 2023. It unravels the complex interplay of factors shaping attitudes, behaviors, and collective identity among these lifestyle migrants and how their conscious embeddedness dissolves as geographic arbitrage imbues them with new privileges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study establishes the relationships among role conflict, positive psychological capital, social support, job crafting, and job embeddedness among clinical nurses. The results are expected to provide a basis for efficient human resource management in hospitals. Methods Considering a 15% dropout rate, we distributed 300 copies of our questionnaire, of which 290 were returned. We used 260 responses in the final analysis after excluding 40 responses that were incomplete or showed an identical pattern in the item responses. Participants were clinical nurses with less than one year of experience in general and tertiary general hospitals in G province and D metropolitan city in South Korea. A structured questionnaire was administered from January 10 to February 28, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. We assessed the statistical significance using the bootstrapping method. Results The direct and total effects (both β = 0.806, p =.007) of positive psychological capital on job crafting were significant. The direct and total effects (both β = 0.451, p =.004) of social support on job crafting were significant. The direct (γ = 0.292, p =.055), indirect (γ = -. 671, p =.003), and total (γ = − 0.379, p =.008) effects of role conflict on job crafting were significant. The direct (γ = − 0.382, p =.007), indirect (γ = − 0.208 p =.003), and total (γ = − 0.589, p =.006) effects of role conflict on job embeddedness were significant. The direct and total (both β = 0.548, p =.005) effects of job crafting on job embeddedness were significant. Conclusions Nurses’ job embeddedness is directly influenced by their job crafting, which is shaped by high levels of positive psychological capital and social support. When job crafting takes place, role conflict increases, and if job crafting becomes difficult because of severe role conflict, job embeddedness decreases. Therefore, to increase job embeddedness among clinical nurses, hospitals must implement support systems and programs to increase job autonomy, and positive psychological capital to promote job crafting.

This paper draws on interview data and published court judgment reports to reveal first-hand accounts of illegal transactions involving protected wildlife and how criminals collaborate with one another. This research finds that wildlife supply is controlled by a small number of key suppliers. Further, trust is embedded in the criminals' relationship based on kinship and friendship ties, while individuals' ethnicity and reputation also facilitate collaboration. These arrangements shape the criminal networks that exploit protected wildlife. This paper suggests further research into online trading of protected wildlife products, the presence of women in the illegal wildlife trade and the impact of COVID-19 on the criminal networks supplying wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deceptive and truthful statements draw on a common pool of communication data, and they are typically embedded within false and truthful narratives. How often does embeddedness occur, who communicates embedded deceptions and truths, and what linguistic characteristics reveal embeddedness? In this study, nearly 800 participants deceived or told the truth about their friends and indicated the embedded deceptions (e.g., false statements told within entirely false or truthful messages) and truths (e.g., truthful statements told within entirely false or truthful messages). Embedded deceiving and truth‐telling rates were only statistically different among those who were instructed to tell the truth. Therefore, the distribution of embedded deceptions and truths were similar for false statements, but dissimilar for truthful statements. Embedded truths were also more likely to be written by women (vs men), liberals (vs conservatives), and communicated in a formal versus narrative style. Theoretical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the roles that various forms of entrepreneurial action (economic, social, political) play in the emergence of new socioeconomic fields during the process of energy transition. The article is based on the results of qualitative research conducted among actors involved in establishing microgrids in Poland. We analyze three cases that differ in terms of the dominant form of entrepreneurial action, the capital at play, and the state of the field. We assert that the development of local energy initiatives requires the interplay of all three forms of entrepreneurial action. All three are necessary for the newly established field to be resilient, economically optimized, and embedded in not only political and business networks but also in the community at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]